Sefer ha-Mishkal

Text and Study

A Dissertation

Presented to

The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Brandeis University

Department of Near Eastern Judaic Studies

In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements of the Degree

Doctor of Philosophy

By

Jochanan H. A. ¥i3nhoven

March 1964

To my teacher3 and friends

who have shown me a road

to wisdom and life

under the wings of the Shekhinah.

" »n>K -|»n>Ki »ay lay "

(to,k :cm)

Preface and Acknowledgements

The subject of the present thesis is Moses de Leon's

Sefer ha-Mishkal . A new and critical text of this book

had become a desideratum to replace the outdated and

faulty Basel-edition of 1608. The text, here presented,

is based on a selected collection of manuscripts of the

Sef er ha-Mi shkal . The book deals with, the kabbalistic

view on the doctrine of the soul. In light of the re-

newed interest in the Zohar . in Moses de Leon's Hebrew

writings, and in Kabbalism in general, this thesis may

serve as a contribution to the understanding of the

psychology in the Kabbalah.

My personal interest in Kabbalism has grown ever

since I attended Professor Scholem's lectures on Kabbalah

as a student at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. I

owe a great debt of gratitude to him for having me

introduced into a field of Jewish tradition which has

become for me a source of personal scholarly interest and

of spiritual wealth.

Shea I came to the United States in 1 960 I found in

Professor Altmann of Brandeis University a person and

teacher who helped and stimulated me to develop my

interest in Jewish mysticism and philosophy. He guided

me into the first experiments with Hebrew manuscripts

which resulted in a master's thesis on Moses de Leon's

vi

commentary of the Jewish morning-prayer, his Sefer Maskiot

Kesef . It was Dr. Altmann who advised me to work on a

critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal for my doctoral

dissertation. I want to thank him here for his advise

and help throughout my studies at Brandeis and as the

director of my doctoral thesis.

The completion of a thesis is a welcome occasion

to express my thanks to the many persons I am indebted.

To my parents for having me taught the value and primary

importance of spiritual things; to my uncle, Martin

¥i;jnhoven, whose love for Israel was of such great

influence on my life. To the Dormition Abbey in Jerusalem

I am greatly indebted and thankful that the opportunity

was given to me to live and study in Israel and to com-

plete my studies at the Hebrew University.. The teachers

and friends I have found at the Hebrew University are too

many to mention. I feel privileged in having shared their

company and quest for knowledge. At a very difficult

juncture of my life it was Brandeis University that

provided me with the means to pursue my objective of

Jewish studies. In particular I want to express my thanks

to Professor Glatzer, chairman of the Department of Near

Eastern and Jewish Studies at Brandeis. I am grateful

to him as a teacher, and as a person whose advise ^has

often helped me. His confidence in. me, and the first

opportunity in teaching which I.-received through him, I

will always appreciate.

I want also to express my especial debt of gratitude

to my colleagues at Smith College. They have helped me

greatly in this first difficult year of teaching and

completing my thesis, by their personal sympathy and

friendship. Their encouragement and interest for my

work and their cordial fellowship haSSmade this year also

a year of .joy. I am aware that this was a great source

of energy which I needed to complete my research and

dissertation.

Finally I want to .thank those who provided me with

scholarly advise during my work on the thesis, in

particular Dr. Raphael Loewe, visiting professor at

Brown University, Providence It. I., and the libraries in

Europe and the United States that provided me with the

necessary research material. In particular I want to

mention the Goldfarb library of Brandeis and the Vatican

library-, in Rome.

May this fruit of my studies also be a seed for a

fruitful life for Jewish scholarship and a quest for true

wisdom.

Northampton, Passover, 1964

viii

Table of ContentsPage

Part One Introduction 1

Method 2

The Material - The Manuscripts 6

The Translations 14

The Basel-edition 15

Authorship 19

The Book - purpose and content 26

Part Two Sefer ha-Mishkal .

A critical and annotated text 31

Part Three The Book of the Balance

An English summary 162

ffotes 235

Bibliography 246

PART

I

INTRODUCTION

The Method

The main-part and purpose of this thesis is to present

a new and critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal of Moses

de Leon. The Basel edition of 1608 is outdated. The text

is full of mistakes, printing errors, and copies of the

book are very rare.. The manuscript that served as a basis

for the Basel text presented the editor with many diffi-

culties as will be explained in the following section of

this introduction..

As a basis for the new and critical text of the Sefer

ha-Mi shkal . here presented, _ a collection of eleven. manu-

scripts have been used and compared with the Basel edition.

The manuscript of the Ambrosian library in Milan, found

in codex 59.60, was chosen as a basis. After a comparison

of the manuscripts that were available to me, this text

proved to be the most reliable and to provide the best

reading for a critical edition. The text of the Sefer

ha-Mi shkal , presented in this thesis, is therefore the

Milan version, corrected and annotated according to the

various readings of other manuscripts.

The text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal of the Milan codex

59.60 is not found continuous in the same codex, but in

two separated parts. The second part starts with a new

pagination. The pagination of the codex, as well as the

division according to 'the number of lines in the text has

been preserved in this critical edition with the exception

that the pagination here is continuous. In order to avoid

duplication of numbering f .lr of the second portion is

changed into f.49r to provide unity in pagination through-

out the text.

When a majority of manuscripts showed a different and

better reading than the Milan version, the variant was

introduced into the text in square brackets and the Milan

reading is found in the footnotes. Frequently the omissions

in the Milan version have been supplemented also from other'

manuscripts and are provided in square brackets. The

variants from the Milan version can be found in the foot-

notes at the bottom of every page. A list of sigla,

representing the various mss, . that have been used, precedes

the text. -

<

Differences in abbreviations of words, in intro-

ductory formula,, in formula for the Divine Name, or mere

variants in plene or defective script, have not been

collected as variants. No attempt has been made to

correct grammatical errors, or to bring consistency into

the use of plene or defective writing throughout the text.

I have tried to represent the original reading in the Milan

codex as faithful as possible, as correction of grammar

or method of writing would be merely subjective.

A second series of annotations at the bottom of every

page indicates the quotations from Scripture in the text,

or are references to sources: Talmud, Midrashim or

kabbalistic literature. These source annotations could be

expanded much further. The references to the sources have

no pretension to be exhaustive.

The thesis consists of three parts. The second part

which presents the critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

is the main-body of the thesis. In this introductory-

part a section is devoted to a survey of all the different

version of the Sefer ha-Mishkal that I was able to trace.

Those manuscripts that have been used for this text are

discussed as to their respective value. A special para-

graph is devoted to the problem of authorship, in particular

to the problems connected with the appendix, the so called

part of the Sodoth . Finally, a short section describes

content and purpose' of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal , and its

relation to other writings of Koses de Leon.

The third part of this thesis gives an abbreviated

content in English of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . Those who

want to consult the content- of the book, in English will

find the basical ideas of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . rendered

in the English version of the " Book of the Balance".,

The scriptural quotations in the Book of the Balance

follow the numbering of chapter and versions of the

English translation of the Jewish Publication Society.

Though the King James version was often preferred as

reading above the JPS version, the discrepancies in^the

numbering of verses between the King James version and the

Hebrew could only be avoided by using the numbering

according to the JPS version. Sometimes the scriptural

quotes in English represent neither the reading in the

King James version ncthe JPS but I had to use a new

wording in English in order to bring out the verbal connec-

tion between so many kabbalistic ideas and the text of the

Bible. The English abbreviated text of the Book of the

Balance presented numerous difficulties. Frequently there

was no other option than to betray the wealth and richness

in symbolism of the Hebrew original through the poverty of

the translation.

Notes relating to the introductory part and to part

three of this thesis are found as the end. They are

followed by a bibliography of the books that have been

utilized for this thesis.

The Material

The manuscripts of Milan .

The renowned Bibliotheca Ambrosiana, erected in 1603-

09 by Fabio Manzone, is a library famous for its manu-

scripts. A catalogue of the Hebrew codices in this library

1)appeared in 1 933 from the hand of 0. Bernheimer. The

catalogue lists two manuscripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

Codex 59.60 (0 15 inf. N. 157 sup.) contains as its first

item: >pn?an ISO , Liber trutinae . by R. Moses ben Shemtob

2)de Leon. Bernheimer indicates shortly the content of the

book which consists of five parts (f.2v - f.34r). The

same f.34r continues with a collection of Sodoth, mysteries,

which are presented here as an integral part of the Sefer

ha-Mi shkal . A note by the copist indicates that one page

of the text is missing (f.40v) but the hiatus has been

supplied by a later hand on f.43r. The text runs till

f.48v and continues in cod. M. 157 sup. f.lv. The part

of the Sodoth ends on f.16v and a note of the copist on

on f.17r reads: Here ends the Book of the Balance .

"Praise to Him who rideth upon a swift cloud." In this

manuscript the text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal has 65 folios,

or 130 pages. Each page has a rule 25 lines^of text.

Only on certain pages this number exceeds or less than 25.

The book is written in Spanish rabbinical script. Bern-

heimer remarks that the text gives frequently a various

reading from the codex Lugdunensis of Scaliger (vide infra )

.

The text of this manuscript has been used as the basis for

the new edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal and is henceforth

indicated by the siglum ( K). Tbe library of the Brandeis

University in Waltham possesses a microfilm of this manu-

script.

A second manuscript of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in the

Bibliotheca Ambrosiana is described by Bernheimer under

3)Miscellanea 110 (cod. Y 41 sup. part. Ill, second item).

This codex has also the five parts (f.10v - f.23v) and

the appendix of the Sodoth (f.23v - f.38v) which appear

in the title of the Sodoth with the name Gilcatilla.

Bernheimer follows the opinion of Steinschneider who

supposes that the Sodoth are from Moses de Leon and not

h.)

from Gilcatilla. ' This manuscript differs frequently

from ( X ) as Bernheimer notes. A microfilm of the manu-

script was not available at the library of Brandeis

University at the time of composition of this thesis

and has therefore not been consulted. The ma;jor part of

this manuscript is not readable on account. of water damage.

The manuscript is referred to under the symbol ( ,3K ) . .

The manuscripts of the Vatican

Both the Hebrew manuscripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

in the Vatican library are incomplete. Codex 528, contains

a large part of the book on folios 133r - 155v. The title

of the book lacks. Of the five traditional parts of the

book this manuscript has only part one, two and five. The

8

appendix of the Sodoth is in this manuscript curiously-

called part six, though the author states clearly in the

beginning that he is going to divide the book in five

parts. The appendix, or part six, is incomplete. It deals

only with the mystery of the Fringes and Phylacteries, and

ends abruptly. The script is Spanish rabbinical semi-

cursive. The text is partly damaged by humidity. The

catalogue of the oriental manuscripts in the Vatican by

Assemanus does not describe this codex." A photocopy

was obtained from the Vatican library and used in the

preparation of the new edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

The library at Brand eis University possesses a microfilm

of this manuscript. Quoted as ( K"l. ) .

The second fragment of the Sefer ha-Mishkal , also •

used in preparation of the final text, is contained in

6)codex 283. This fragment contains only the appendix

of the Sodoth . which appears in this manuscript under the

name of Gikatilla. The mystery of the verse of "I Chron.

.

4, 22, which appears in the other manuscript as the con-

clusion of the appendix, is treated in codex 283 as the

first (f .40r) . The-last mystery in the traditional

series of Sodoth in the Sefer ha-Mishkal is found on

f .54r. The text then goes on with mysteries under

authorship of Joseph Gikatilla which do appear in other

manuscripts. About the confusion of authorship of the

Sodoth vide infra . The text is .written in beautiful,

clear Spanish rabbinical script. A photocopy, obtained

from the Vatican library, was used in preparing the

critical text of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal . Brandeis library

possesses a microfilm of codex 283. The siglum for this

manuscript is X 31 ).

The Parma manuscripts

The library of Parma has two manuscripts of the

Sefer ha-Mlshkal . described in the catalogue of the

library by Giovanni Bernardo de Rossi, after whom the

7)library was called. The first manuscript is a compendium

of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal . of an anonymous author, which is

-contained in codex 402^ mentioned briefly in the catalogue,

v.I, p. 26 as item no. 18 of- forementioned codex. A micro-

film at Brandeis University was consulted but proved of

little value for establishing a new text.

The second manuscript, likewise available in micro-

8)film at Brandeis has been described by de Rossi as item

two of codex 1230. The text is complete, including the

Sodoth, which de Rossi considers an addition by an anony- -

mous author. The manuscript is in very clear and beautiful

Italian rabbinical writing. The text has many ommisions

which have been supplied by a later hand in German

rabbinical cursive script. The manuscript is henceforth

quoted as ( l). Polios are not numbered.

The manuscript of Florence

The Bibliotheca Laurentiana in Florence, has among

its many manuscripts one copy of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal.

10

The codex Plut. 88.42 contains the complete test of the

book, including the So doth . The folios are not numbered,

but the Sefer ha-Mlahkal counts 135 pages. Tffe- writing

is in Italian rabbinical characters. The photocopy of the

manuscript proved to be very valuable for establishing

the text. A microfilm of the codex is at the Brand eis

library. The manuscript is quoted as (^).

The manuscripts of Munich

The National and Royal Library of Munich is par-

ticularly rich in copies of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . All the

manuscripts have been described by Moritz Steinschneider

in his catalogue of Hebrew manuscripts from the National

Q)and Royal Library of Munich. They are the following:

codex 22, containing the Sefer ha-Kishkal as item three

in the codex, and the So doth as item four. Together they

occupy the folios 104r - 148v, i.e. 89 pages of text. The10)

Sodoth are ascribed to Joseph Gikatilla in the title.

The manuscript is written ca 1550, in German rabbinical

script. A photocopy of the manuscript was consulted only

for dubious places. The manuscript is referred to as

(20). The manuscript of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal in codex

56 is described by Steinschneider as a faulty copy of

codex -341 ( vide infra ) . The manuscript is written in

German rabbinical script and from the second half of the

sixteenth century.11

^ The title is given as Hefesh ha-

Hakhamah and contains the Sodoth ; folios 1 57v - 202r.

11

The copy has not "been consulted for this thesis. Codex

^9 contains a fragment of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal , folios

12)255r - 260v, in German rabbinical cursive script.

.

Not

consulted. Codex 129 bears the Latin title: Liber Miscal

- Ponderis . The codex contains only the Sefer ha-Mlshkal,

including the part of the So doth , altogether 32 folios.

The manuscript is written; in Spanish (perhaps North-

13)African) rabbinical script and dated by Steinschneider

as being from the. fifteenth century. The manuscript has

been consulted for this thesis and is cited as (DB)

.

Codex 341 has a 'fragment of 4 pages of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

(item 16, folios 186v - 188v). Items 19-20 of the same

codex are the Sefer ha-Kishkal and the Sodoth . In the

14)title of the appendix appears again the name Gikatilla.

Together with the Sodoth the manuscript counts 72 pages

(folios 200v - 236v) and is written in semi-cursive

Spanish rabbinical script. This .manuscript is quoted

henceforth as (KB) and proved to be of.

great value for

this thesis. Of the four complete copies and two frag-

ments of the Sefer ha-Mishlcal from Munich, the copies

(KO), (30) and (-IB) are now in microfilms in the library

of Brandeis University.

The manuscripts of Paris

The Bibliotheque National e of Paris has two complete

copies of the Sefer ha-Mishlcal and three fragments. The

fragments are: codex 334.14, comprising 30 pages of text

12

from the fifth part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal , dealing with

the resurrection; codes 837.8, a fragment of 18 pages, and

codex 800, a fragment of 26 pages of very unclear, hardly

readable script.

Iw&':'o6iBtpl6tiB.?edpie ,B^ :Ck9 ,

) l <a9') were of great value

establishing the critical text. Codex 726.3 contains the

Sefer ha-Mishkal with the appendix of the Sodoth on folios

47r - 98r, altogether 102 pages of text, written in a

beautiful, clear, Spanish rabbinical script. Codex 840.3,

also in very clear Italian rabbinical script, has the

Sefer ha-Mishkal and. the Sodoth on folios 1 20v - 170v,

i.e. 100 pages of text. The last folio 170v contains also

a fragment of Joseph Oikatilla, immediately following the

text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal , as happens to be the case

in many of the manuscripts. Concerning the authorship

of the appendix vide infra . All forementioned Paris.,

manuscripts are in microfilm at the Brandeis library.

The manuscripts in Oxford and Cambridge. England

The Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

15)Bodleian Library by A. Neubauer lists a copy of the

Sefer ha-Mishkal in codex 1630.2. The text comprises'

folios 89v - 131r, or 83 pages. The manuscript is written

in Greek rabbinical characters. The codex is also referred

to as codex Huntington 41, or codex Uri 371. A microfilm

of this manuscript was too late available to me to be

consulted regularly for this thesis. .The manuscript

13

however was of value In confirming the text, presented here

at duMbus places. Quoted as (hd) •

A second copy, incomplete however, is contained in

codex 2222, known also as codex Reggio 22. This copy of

the Sefer ha-Mishkal lacks the appendix of the Sodoth and

1 6)ends with the fifth part, the treatise on the resurrection.

The fragment counts 40 pages in Italian rabbinical

characters. Not consulted for this thesis. Referred to

as C"13 ) •

The Cambridge University Library has a fragment of

the Sefer ha-Mishkal in codex U.L.C Ms Dd. 4.2.3. " The

folios are numbered 41 - 50, but contains also two folios

that are not numbered (after £.46 and f.49). There is a

hiatus before the last numbered folio, f.50. The text

comprises part one, two (with hiatus) and three (in-

complete) of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . The manuscript is

written in clear Spanish rabbinical script. Quoted as

(P).

The Scaliger codex of Leyden

The University Of Leyden, Holland, has a complete

copy of the Sefer- -ha-Mishkal with the appendix of the

So doth in codex Seal. 13. 5-6. The copy has been

described by Steinschnelder in his catalogue of the Hebrew

18)manuscripts of Leyden. The text comprises folios I6r

- 44r , 54 pages in Spanish rabbinical characters. The

copist of the book is Daniel ben Salomo, known from the

14

colophon on f.46. The manuscript was copied in 1467-8.

The copist writes frequently personal observations about

19)the content of the book in the margin. A photostat of

this manuscript has been used for this thesis. Quoted as

Co).

The Jerusalem fragment

In the catalogue of Hebrew manuscripts of the Kabbalah

by G. Scholem, item 1 1 in codex 24 (=266 of the University

library) is described as a fragment of the Sefer ha-

Nefesh ha-Kalchamah ; it is only 8 pages long. It is

written in oriental rabbinical script and dates from the .

seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century. The

fragment ..contains certain So doth which appear only in the

text of the Basel edition (vide infra ) . These Sodoth do

not appear in the appendix of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in most

of the manuscripts that are consulted for this thesis and

do perhaps not belong to the ori ginal S efer ha-Ml shkal .

The Translations s' - i

A Latin translation of the Sefer ha-Mi shlcal is con-

21)tained in codex 1.91 .of the Vatican Library. The title

of the book is Anima Scientiae . The content is divided

in six parts and not as in most of the Hebrew manuscripts

in five parts with an appendix. The manuscript occupies

folios 126v - 208r.

In 1609 a C-erman Sod ha-Neschama appeared in Basel,

edited by the same Abba ben Salomo Bumsla who edited the

15

1608 Basel edition of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal (vide infra ) .

The Sod ha-'Neschama contains much from the Sefer

ha-Mishkal by Moses de Leon and R. Machir's Abkat Rokhel

.22)in German.

'The printed edition of Basel. 1608

An edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal appeared in 1603

from the Hebrew printing press of Konrad ffaldkirch in

Basel. The editor was R. Abba ben Salorno Bumsla. The

book bears the title Ha-Nefesh ha-hakhamah and appears

23)with an introduction by the editor. ' In the introduction

the editor explains that the text is based on an old

manuscript which was partly deleted and blurred. He is

aware of a disunity in -the content: and; of the fact that

the manuscript is not written by the same hand. Ke disso-

ciates the appendix of the Sodoth from the Sefer ha-Kefesh

ha-hakhamah , but combines it with the Sodoth in the

-edition on account of similarity in content „ .The editor,

states also that he tried to investigate the authorship

of the Sodoth but that he did not succeed and presents

them therefore as of anonymous author except for the

fragmentary commentary on the Passover Haggadah which is

from Joseph Gikatilla -.and which- is inserted in the Sodoth .

The manuscript showed a great disorder but the editor

confesses that he is only a "faithful transmitter from one

book to another" , though he chose the best from what he

found, i.e. was eclectic in his selection. This accounts

16

perhaps for the parallel explanations in the commentary of

"the So doth , which he might have found elsewhere in the

manuscript and inserted at their proper place among the

So doth as alternative interpretations. The parallel

commentaries on certain Sodoth do not appear in any of the

manuscripts consulted for this thesis. In addition to the

traditional series of Sodoth the Easel edition presents

a continuance of other Sodoth which appear only in the

\ 24)Vatican manuscript (31) and the Jerusalem fragment ( W) .

The Basel text is full of errors and omits a long passu

s

about the provenience of the soul of the Gentiles at the

end of part five, evidently for fear of censorship.

Throughout the work, the word "Gentile" C»ll)is .substi-

tuted for "unbeliever" ("1B1..3).... The book has no pagination

but counts 126 pages of text, including the introduction

by the editor which is followed by an acrostic poem on the

Hebrew alphabet and by an index. The index divides the

book in five parts, a treatise on the resurrection, and a

series of Sodoth . The treatise on the resurrection,

belonging to the fifth, part, appears in most manuscripts'

under a special heading and was often considered as an

independed treatise. Jellinek supposed the manuscript

from which Abba ben Salomo Bumsla edited the 160S edition,

to be an autograph of Moses de Leon. He does not present

26)sufficient reason for his view.

Other partial editions of the text should be men-

tioned. " The Sefer ha-Mishkal (with exception of part two)

17

appeared in 1 51 5 in Constantinople under the title

Sodoth Gedollm . of anonymous author. A new edition of

this book in Venice (1607), attributes it to Abraham

•Zaccuto" (1450-1.510) and the new edition has anew title

27)added to the previous: Katok la-Nefesh . In the book

Abkat Rokhel , which plagiarized the second part of the

Sefer ha-Mishkal , we have another partial edition of Hoses

de Leon's book under the name of R. Machir. The warning

which Moses de Leon writes in the introduction to the

Sefer ha-Mishkal "not to delete my name from this my

heritage" is not an idle one.

Conclusion

Summing up this survey we count 12 complete manu-

scripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . 10 fragments among, which

several large and important ones; one complete (though»

faulty and unreliable) printed text; one compendium; one

Latin version; a partial German translation, and three

other works that contain large portions of the Sefer ha-

Mishkal ' under a different title and author.

In comparing the manuscripts, no close relationship

between any of them was discovered. Each manuscript

seems to have its own peculiarities and mistakes. An

attempt to establish a pedigree of- the manuscripts on basis

of similarities in mistakes failed. However, it may be

said that some affinity shows up between (k*i) and CksJ»

and between (V),( 0), and ( 3). The affinity of .the

18

manuscripts does not go far enough to suppose them to be

directly dependent from one another. (K), on basis of

Milch this critical text has been prepared, has an

affinity to ( JS) , though also here both mss. have too

many idiosyncracies to be closely related.

19

Authorship

The problem of authorship of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

rises only in regards to the appendix of the So doth . There

is no doubt that Moses de Leon is the author of the first

five parts of the hook. Twice he introduces himself as

the author of the hook and he is. anxious to preserve

his prerogative as the author, for he implores the copist

not to omit his name from the work. Parts of the book

have been plagiarized and appeared under a different name

( vide supra )

.

Two problems will have to be examined. Is Moses de

Leon the author of the Sodoth? If so, do they belong to

the Sefer ha-Kishkal ?

30)In the introduction to the Sefer ha-Mishkal Moses

de Leon announces that he will divide the book in five

parts and gives us a synopsis of the topics he will deal

with. Nothing is mentioned about the Sodoth . Most of the

manuscripts continue after the :fifth part with the

kabbalistic interpretation of a series of commandments,

the so called Sodoth . It is no wonder therefore that

several theories have been proposed to solve this con-

tradiction-

The editor of the Basel edition of 1608 appended the

Sodoth to the Sefer ha-Mishkal because he found them

together in a same manuscript and felt that they were

of similar content as the Sefer ha-Mishkal . He does not

20

believe that they .are of Moses de Leon, but considers

them to be of an anonymous author. In a similar way de

31)Rossi considers them to be an anonymous addition to the

Sefer ha-Mishkal .

The problem becomes even more intricated when one

finds the Sodoth ascribed to Joseph Gikatilla in some

manuscripts. The Sodoth in (jq) are introduced: "The

part on the Fringes and Phylacteries. . .all from the

,,32lwritings of R. Joseph Gikatilla of blessed memory."

Though this is a very clear attribution of the Sodoth to

Gikatilla, all the other manuscripts that have "Gikatilla"

in their title mention this name quite out of context.

The manuscripts (3~l),

( 3K) , and (XO ) have at the

beginning of this section of Sodoth a short synopsis of

the mysteries to be dealt with, the last of them being

the two verses of I Chronicles 4, 22-23 starting with the

word "we-Yokim ". This key-word is then immediately follow-

ed by the name "Gikatilla", not mentioning him explicitly

as author. In manuscript ( > ) this word was already

completely misunderstood and here we read the even more

cryptic " katilah"! Aissemanus in describing codex 283

( 21) attributes the Sodoth to Crikatilla, apparently on

no other evidence than the word "Gikatilla" at the end of -

33)the inventory of Sodoth in the title. Joseph Gikatilla

(1248-1305) and Moses de Leon (1-250-1305) were contemporaries

and kabbalists, close in kin spiritually. They exercize-d -

34)a mutual influence on each other's writings. Both

21

wrote on the mysteries of the commandments and a confusion

of authorship is thus very obvious.

Steinschneider comments upon the name Gikatilla in

the title of the So do th as being an erroneous attribution

of this part to Gikatilla. Without explaining his further

reasons for doin.e: so, he considers the Sodoth as being of

Moses de Leon. He considers on the other hand the part

of the So do th as an independent work, wrongly combined

with the Sefer ha-Mishkal . ' In his opinion the fusion

of the two is merely a result of carelessness.

. Jellinek considers the Sodoth to be both of Moses de

Leon and a part of the Sefer ha-Mi shlcal .^ He considers

the double title Sefer ha-Nefesh ha-Hakhamah and Sefer

ha-Mishkal respectively' to refer to the first five parts

and to the Sodoth. This view seems unacceptable, as

already Steinschneider has shown." However, the point

seems well made that the kabbalistic psychology in the

five first parts is an introduction to the practical life .

of Kabbalah in observing the commandments, the content of

the Sodoth. They are not only "clumsily connected" in

the same codex (Steinschneider), but show an inner

50)connection and unity. ; Jellinek is of the opinion that

some confusion may have entered because Sodoth by Joseph

Gikatilla were later added to the original series of

Moses de Leon. The Basel text could therefore be a

mixture of both authors and this would explain the

additional and alternative mysteries on the commandments

22

which appear in the Basel edition and in the manuscript

( Hi). Jellinek goes even further in suggesting that

this addition of So doth might be the work of. R. Jacob,

the disciple to whom Moses de Leon dedicates the Sefer.

ha-Mi shkal , the same disciple which he considers to be

the author of the book Abkat Rokhel . where a large part of

40)the Sefer ha-Mi shkal has been plagiarized.

Before entering further into the question of Moses

de Leon's authorship of the Sodoth it may be well to

suggest an explanation for the "clumsiness and confusion"

by which the name Gikatilla has slipped into the title

of the Sodoth in some" manuscripts. Most of the manu-

scripts present the mystery of "we-Yokim ". immediately

followed by the Sod Batsheba . which is of Gikatilla. Often

it continues the text on the same page where the Sod we-

41

)

Yokim leaves off. In inserting a little synopsis of the

Sodoth at the beginning of the appendix as is the case in

the mss. (3"! »3X ,3ft ), the scribe could easily have

copied the heading of the mystery of Batsheba because it

bears in its inscription "Gikatilla" (cf . X ).. This

error was repeated by later copists till it became un-

intelligible.

The reasons for Moses de Leon's authorship of the

Sodoth are many. There is a perfect unity in style. It-

does not take long to notice Moses de Leon's peculiar

style, his use of grammar and his own usage of words, which

is so different from that of Gikatilla.^"2 ' All the

23

characteristics of. Moses de Leon's style are represented

in the Sodoth . Secondly, in the So doth the author refers

to books which he has written or intends to write and

which are books by Moses de Leon. Such is e.g; . his

Sefer ha-Rimon (to which he refers in p. 3/33, line

21-22) and his Perush Koheleth (on p. k/13 , line 12).

Thirdly there are ero^greferences from the Sodoth to the

first five parts of the book, such as a/na , line 2 to

a/t ,line 5-15, or a/on , line 9 to k/i , line 4. The

strongest argument for Moses de Leon's authorship against

Gikatilla's, seems to me the theory on the origin and

function of the evil. Both kabbalists who have a very

similar doctrine in other respects, disagree strongly on

this particular point. In Moses de Leon's view the evil,

serves a very positive function, and is a necessary element

in the cosmic process. It "stings and it heals", it

tempts and it protects. In combination with the- good it

is very valuable, as the shell "valuable around the nut,

to protect it, and as the body is for the soul. Detached

from the nut, the shell is worthless and looses its

function. This is the theory of evil which we find in the

Sodoth and which could therefore hardly be from the hand

43) ' ~ -

of Gikatilla. All these arguments plead strongly in

favor of Moses de Leon's authorship of the Sodoth .

Let us now consider the question whether the Sodoth

do belong to the Sefer ha-Mlshkal . One might first point

to the fact that manuscript (K~l) calls the Sodoth the

sixth part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . The latin translation

divides the Sefer ha-Mishkal also in six chapters, the

.

sixth being, the part of the Sodoth . The manuscripts ( >)

and ( 30) , which contain the Sodoth , both are a complete

unit in itself and appear both as a single codex entitled

Sefer ha-Mishkal . As we observed already, manuscript ( )

has a colophon at the end of the Sodoth , including the

Sodoth as an integral part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

Of more importance is the argument that in their

content the five earlier parts form a unity with the

appendix. Every single mastery of the commandments is

related to the kabbalistic doctrine of the soul. Soul -

Sefiroth- Commandments are a sort of trilogy of which

the soul occupies the key-position. The soul provides

the understanding of the Sefiroth and the Commandments

and the soul brings the perfect balance between theory

and practice. The- book can therefore appropriately be

called the Book of the Balance. The cross-references

45)which we mentioned above could be multiplied and in

reading the Sodoth one gets the impression that Moses de

Leon is still continuing his same exposition because he

is referring frequently to the earlier parts of his

exposition. It remains a question, however, why the

author speaks only of five parts in the beginning and does

not mention that the division "according to the mystery

of the faith and the Torah in the light of the holy

Menorah (3/3,13)", will be followed by "the gate concerning

24

44).

25

the foundation of religious practice and the basis of the

faith ( k/i>,11)."

As an "appendix" is a separate unity, attached and

belonging to a book, we feel justified in calling the

Sodoth the "appendix" to the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

26

The book and its content

The Sefer ha-Mishkal .was written in the year 5050

46) „(=1290) in Guadalajara a Castilian town in Spain. hoses

de Leon had already written his Shushan Eduth (1286), his

Sefer ha-Rimon (1 28?) and his Or Zarua , To the_ latter

two he refers in his Sefer ha-Mishkal . In 1290 Moses de

Leon is in the midst of his literary activity of his

47)Hebrew writings, being the period from 1286-1293.

Moses de. Leon's Hebrew writings followed the composition

of the Midrash ha-Ieeiam; ( 1 275-1 280) &&£ the Zohar (1280 =

1286) and was intended to spread the doctrine of the

Zohar through his Hebrew writings. Of all these Hebrew

writings only little has been published, namely the

Basel edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal (1608) and the

Shekel ha-Kodesh of 1293 which was published in London

48)(1911) by A.¥. Greenup.

The similarity in doctrine between the Zohar and the

49)Sefer ha-Mishkal has been analyzed by Jellinek,

Gershom Scholem50

^ and R.J.Z. Werblowsky5.

and need not

be repeated here. The doctrine of man; of the soul; its

origin and fate; the angels in relation to man; the

eschatalogical theories eta, are identical in the Zohar

and in the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

The content of the book is the kabbalistic doctrine

of the soul as propaedeusis for understanding'the theosophy

of the Sefiroth and as a preparation for the understanding

27

of the mitsvoth . which were an object that fascinated both

the philosophers and the kabbalists in the Middle Ages in

their respective writings on the Taame Mitsvoth . The

Sefer ha-Mishkal - reminds one sometimes of a Jewish Divlna

Comedia. It guides the reader through the compartments

of^^

TTell~~and~ Paraai~se™"and—shoiTs-~the-faire of ail—the

different souls. The central secret is always the mystery

of the sefirotic world. .Hell and Paradise on earth are

preparations, copies and emanations of the Sefiroth, and

thus aspects of. the Divinity. The interrelation between,

the world below and the world above, the Sefiroth , is the

secret of kabbalistic wisdom. This mystery cannot be

understood by philosophy, by human reason. The Sefer

ha-Mi shkal has a very strong polemic undertone against

the philosophy and in particular against the influence of

aristotelianism in Judaism. ° ' True understanding comes

only "by mouth of a sage who is wise in the mysteries

of THE wisdom ( 3/K , 6-8 ) •" The wisdom from the sages

"by mouth" is perhaps also a vindication of the oral

tradition against the Karaites. ' Kabbalah was

delivered from master to disciple and not in "public

teaching". This is perhaps the reason that Moses de

Leon "writes this book for the beloved friend, the

virtuous R. Jacob" (k/k,13) , "you Jacob which I love"

(3/x,2-3). That Moses de Leon speaks over the head of

his disciple to a larger audience is clear from all his

28

warnings to the' " bene ha-dor". He writes with the intention

"that the children of man will learn not to stumble any-

more" b/3, 18)

.

The book makes the impression of having, been, written

in a hurry, ill the grammatical mistakes, such as care-

lessness- in -the-use--o-f~feminine nouns with masculine

adjectives and vice versa , wrong plural endings, the use

of plene and defective script without any consistency,

cannot be blamed all on copists. In fact Moses de Leon

b<2.-.s:«e«A:«£S in the beginning not to seek beauty or poetry

in this work. He has written this book "in haste" and

"avoiding to speak in verses fitting only for courtiers"

(K/a, 10). He even apologizes if he might have slipped

inadvertently into poetry "because the things came

naturally to me!" (ib. ).

The major themes to which Moses de Leon comes back

again and again are the mystery of man as the microcosmos

and as the image of God; "the Tree of Life from which

the souls come and to which they return; and the Tree of

Knowledge of good and evil, the' two sides which together

form one unity. Above and below, left and right, all

the extremes meet in man and are united in him. The

extremes are sanctified in him by living from the mystery

of unity which is contained in the understanding of the

Sefiroth . The Sefiroth unite above and below, right and

left, by the power of the Name, the Holy One Blessed Be

He, as the source of dynamic unity.

29

Moses de Leon refers to his "masters". They are

the '"wise of blessed memory": the "sages of the Mishnah"

( k/3',9), and "the masters of the names" (*/30,10; 3/K3 ,14)

which refers to the Kabbalists who derived their theories

from speculations on the letters of the Divine Names. He

frequently speaks about the "wise of the times of old",

expressing the conviction that Kabbalah was of old and

hoary tradition. In his work he refers to treatises of

the Talmud > to Midrashim, or sometimes to the Midrashot

ha-penimiyim , the "mystical lore". Finally, to the

" Sitre Torah" (perhaps the Zohar?) and to his own -

(Hebrew) writings.

The name of the book Sefer ha-Mlshkal . the Book of

the Balance , is a pun on the Hebrew root sh-k-1 as it

appears also in his book Shekel ha-Kodesh . One could say

perhaps that the Shekel represented the "Intellectus"

in kabbalistic sense, i.e. the. Sefiroth, whereas the

Mishkal refers to the " Intelligens " i.e. the Keshamah,

or the "highest sovl1."'dd1 The subtitle of the book

which was the title looses de Leon had designed first to

be the maintitle (cf . k/3,4-6) , is Sefer ha-Nefesh ha-

Hakhamah , The Book of the Wise Soul . This subtitle is •

again a reference to the. highest soul of man, the

Neshamah. The title was misunderstood sometimes and

read as " The Book of the Soul of ¥isdom. " (Nefesh ha-

56)hokhmafe)

.

30

For a further analysis .of the. content we refer here

to the BngLisn Summary of the. Sefer ha-Mishkal , which

constitutes the third part of this thesis.

PART

II

TEXT

*? p 53 a n iso

fia:im.»93n is.d

i3>3n>

310 D8? ]- nea

33

(59.60 naK'onaoK)

(528 tkp'di)

(283 TKP'tsn)

(726 cpaix>n n»"js>on)

(840 n»aix>n irnson)

(341 na'nam nai^an >ff rmson)

«j 2U^«»2

34

[k/k «n]>?®<9n 190.1

1B.31B DV 13 HWa laX01133 033n> 1»S3 tllKCI 'l'T 'H1K13 >M T '1190 T"IX*^

'n>an nsn pman [>3in] »pna i'»n>i nyiVvnasnn mx>93n"a' xnsn mi3y> inpircm >»mn 1*39 »nx<&3i "i*>y.5

o»p>m o»yn» cs'sy noa inn man isnV »> w T3 >ymns Ti©> 13 n»n»«n tznpn >p»a noa o»pVna

na'39 i>an >3»n3 nayV >ain i»o> nnn>1X3» o»p»ix -'"Viyw iiT nasnn iy«?3 033nVi

o»3»3yi o»ym o»Tai3 jit. ii3n »ni3n id >y 13.101903 ]»»y» >s> nsaxs n»i33 x*3a »3xi camo

v n>n3a 'a«7nna'-'^!>3>-j!^3-si^fi p^nyanv-nT -

—

*i nna >>>3 lansn i3nV vman '3x '3 it

nog nyiVi nxi»> na» >3i» ]ya> sww spymyi 13 nw» >x is xnpn 13 Vyi n* xnsn nyi.15

TI313 f'XI OIK »33 myi 1KW3 nT I'S '3 HUTo"nn npaa >3.i n»n'ff x>x nym laix »dV

nasnn »i333 ».3'»»sr»o*i D'axna o»i3in >3©93n 190 190n Off 'nXlpW 9"yK1 0»3XW3»93n '3"3y Vy isina xino» »39a na3nn.20nTn igon >3x n>nn3 n»09»ai n'timoa

n«?an> i»np>m >ps?an t30 "i ® 'nxip>yi on3i3na >y o'i3in [i'n»] Tyo> o*p>n

nsinsn nabnn noa i3ii i3i >o onaisnnenipn nnnn '3ii *93 nania »a»03 n©a>.25

tmxoi'an "i3ff.nTn o>iy* »93n nm» no .naeni mn W93 no .>pwan 190 (a)

•^a'l no .i»mp>nai fiy \i no ."pan ia nnxx inx narcsn no.xsn o>iyn no .l'tinvi l'oswnl oa'na no .<n*v3isn m»93n

.msa i»ay3 "px© o'ligon ia no .n'X'xn no ,n»nan n'»nn no5: 3n33 na> .nx'Vni oi3» no .T3oy«n cx>3 ,3io om n3<zm no'

• ;.:. »c73xi D'pi'i pi09 um»9 .'»ay9 *a 3>n3 lera no»x nuns,(xi)|tix»Vi (k9).2 ,o'yo3 »3©i*i o»ixi*n nan piogi n3»Ti3'3x Cp)|TiK'>» U).|tik»> '»"» (o),(3a),(xa)|nx'> i»ya (39)

.3 ,»mxi3 »i»n isnan naipn (3)|>"t tix»> »i 3io nw 13 nwa»pina (a.)|©3i »poaMn).4 ,tnx>93 noa (o)|mx>93 *no3 (xa)|o»3"3yn no3 (a;. 6 ,©3in »pna (x9),(xi) [wain pno (p)|©ainiy©n nr (p).9 .nayV >»3wn iya> (a). 8 .i3n> »n*xi 13 >y (3)

law nx...ip»nyam nTn (kb).12' .n3iaxi n»i33 (p).11 .*»»>

...I3nn >x mix »ni3n (xi).13 .*a» nx. ..ip»nyam (39>|»n>ma.15 .xnsn myi noa nm (x9).14 .nnan >y3 (a)|nnan V»>3

'asnn »39a (xs).20 .nyin laix 9 S3 (o).17 .13 n©y x> (sa).nwans mix »np>m (3),(3a),(xi)|>pwa 190 (xi).22 .xm» »39anaann (a). 24 ,on3i3n >y o*3H3a o'isin (o)|n»n» TyaV (x).23

.nnnn »i3i '93 (X9;.2$ .n»a> nsnsw ias

:mnpai,x :>x»3i .7

3,n»p :o'Vnn .8

35

T31 >3 X>X H13»TX »>3 0'P>niB DH D'?>nm.1apy» nnyi i»3»a-y >yi tssk Vy *mi

'3-n '3 T'anVi nyi> *i> »» Tnsnx lewd»'o»39 ni3»n3i d»3Tt on m'a'sgnmasnn

ony-r>i na»wn> >i3» dik >3 rxw o»piayi.5nasnn 1103 asm 7133 v*x*?bb rn>i? inyiananoai na-naV nmao 'n>iT 033»> i> 7»xi

Tai n3i3'nn >x i>y> o»Vi>3i n>nns nsopniTra> namaa 731 n»©»>»n >x n3i3»nnnni mvi o»T373 nwyn is "i> tb» nnyi. 10

ny-rn nans »9> iVxn D»n3tn t»k '3 insna

n'nnioi n»m?>no no3 n>nn wssn »3*3ynasnn Vprca 1103 o>i3 n»mnnai n»npl?ai

»3 '3981 D*>03 H3KT H3K 17ya» »H>3> D»>1p».15n>nn3 -pnx na»39 ~|Van >3'n3 033n> xsn otx

nai 19113 s'n ira ©93n »osb?o nmx nyi>i it?93 ny*r>

D33»> >3in inn mai nogwai n3"3y1»X nX"113 JiaillD n'nifiD »3 £3"B'39 D'3»3y3

tlK '©93 '3T3 pi OS >y >" T 'DISK.

1*3*3 nXT3.20ni'H3 73 >yi 13 H»KT3 n3»XW B793H K3D *»*'

levanri T»3» owa n3'3yi rcgsn n>ya yri» oTxnino> 10T1 nsiVan '3»»3y *ri03 13> i»3i»yn

naxs myo^i ia?s3 D9ffa3 73i3> inr'i iaxy»k nyr> 7 31 npiitsi

'

e'9vaa'.25

ni3'HK (p),(a),(39),(K9)|ni3'nK k>3 (3).(o),(>),(3a),(xa).1D3n (x-i).6 .>'3um>i ny-r> (s) ,(p),(o),(a),(xa),(K9).3 .a»i3i

(x9),(xi).8 .nasnn nmoa (p) s(d),(>),(x9),(xi) |7i33i

.12 .79 iKa i»93 nxnaffi -|> narcn nnyi (3). 10 ,i>y» on»>i>3i

.14 .n*mp>na nos nson »3"3y (x-i).13 .73 >sn (p),(3s)iCxs)'n>3> o*3>mw (p)|nya» >3> (aa).15 .nasnn nmon >p©a (V)

(39),(k9),(kt).17 ."l>an nxn3 (xn)|x3n cnxn (3). 16 .nya*.09K?an nmx nx nytVi (a).(>) ,(xa),(x9).(xi) | i»93 nx ny?>

.19 .o33n> >3T (3),(p),(:)hnn nrai (3)|p>nn mai (a). 18on i?93n nmo 93 (>),(xs),(»<*i)|D"a»39n o»3"3y3 (>),(xi)nmo '3 (p)|n'm*riD»3 o"a*39n o»3"3y3 (o)|xni3n nams

|7»3» o©a nn>yai 1093 nx yii' (a). 22 .nxni3 naana x'n »93n(3),(d),(3s),(ks)»(xt)»23 .W9n* 7'3* (o)(c793n m>ya (p),(>)

,iaxy nno> nnt'i (p)|n3i>an »3"3y nmo3 i»3i»yT

x' 9 ns :*>07a .2

as, t> ;n>,n3 :maw .14n>,x,ip ;3-x,ap :o»>nn .20

una ; 13,3 jnan T3ia3 ; n,T :nsn xnp'i j k/» ni3T3x,ap :o*Vnn

i,o sn»y©» .24-25

36

[x/3 IT]mana nnxx »*inx »93n i>n nsxi mx \iao* T>f ni.1n>nna ny*r> » o»3»3yn >3 'a n"y3 ens3 n»x 'S3

'iwsvfflipn cn>oa aamas m>y> »*T3 i»3i*y"i o»s>i"ISO .H3i3n p'S' otxi naan xsa otx

Vpivo DSi?i9 13 n'H' m>3> 7j?$Qn.5no^3n mmoi naann ©93 tsd Kim

nacyn nxr nxnaa msnsw s"yxi D»yim D*3»3y3n»n3 m»y> x>i nx»>an »dii *3aa p»mnV nxy*n[n>yin] 0H3 t'k "iff* o*nxnn »n33 o»n3i nl3»7i*a

»in> XCIXI "|1»3 H3133 H3T133 f»'3y '9 >3T »T»> [xnx] DK1.10mmix3 033n> mn yn> »nViT my7 r» >3x n3*303—

—

'— rrtHjpn-*am—a i-i-i sa -jrssn n—» ss -s>>n a imi r.n-

*'»oi 3> »3nyo o"rx> 'axs ii©> nsya >xwx *»»aiin>nn ma*» »si nnsn tide? '»» *x3i tib7> naya

ic?x3 *3 mnt?x *3ip3 'nn *ix n>>>3 -primx »b?s3.15

nx »©S3 »3n3 >3n »a«n»'>a na> pix yix>T00B7a©D3FI "190 ,n©3> mm nn Txa n>-ra, *n>x •»»

nxxiai [nann] m>ya mmo i»3yi n2DTin

o?&an man nman> ne?x n'naiam na»»3yi nxsiaimnosi nai>y nn>ya »3 >y ixra x>i ie?p3»i ix>.20mn nwx D»3ianpn o»asnn mViT maioai rnaio-ina mmn n>3p i>3p *i<z?k omxi »3T>y n>ya3

nrn b>iy> nxTn vain nmm mo T3i »3»o>»sxn "lian "pm noasns n>ym nai

Toys n^ann ina> *wx nnno ns»o iKm3m.25

(o)lonn o»3»'3yn (xi).2 .man ib nnxx nnx -|>n ws3n (o).1

|i»ai»jn D»wnVi (>)|i»3i»yT oiw> (o),(3d).3 .nVxn D»3"3ynm>y> (a)|enpn m>oa3 mV>y> (a>,(o), (y;,(aa) ,(39),(x9),(xi)jnasnn wssn xim (X9),(xi).6 .Vpcra oswa (3). 5 .ui?n nijyaa,(xa),(39)|ni3'nx> (p).9 .nasnn nmoi (>),(3a),(as),(xs)(x).10 .ny>m (x)|n>ym nns n©x (xn)|o'Tonn 'ros (o).(aa),na'n33 7»3yn ©its ny»T»* nn*x (p)|tt'> xnx »xi (o)jnn'K(3). 16 .dtx>i (xs)|n>xwx (3). 13 .nVspn i"\i (a),(o),(>).12

,(3a).20 .nann nmo n>ya i'3yi (p)|nann (x).18 .TraV p»ixi>3p iwx (>).22 ,nai>y n>ya (xT)jiwp3'i ixV» (xn)jix>3 (p)

l»3y mo (xt).23 .»3'oa mmn (o)(nimn m>3p (a)|n*imn n>yanna> (o),(xa) |i©nm (>).25 .^las nossns (o).24 .©ssn m»n»

nan> n>yn iwx ns»y3 (a)|Tsy3 n>3ti* (3) ,(p),(3a) \1av2 n>3',ny>im

37

[3/3 11}T3i na*rx »«nn nx enn nail nyVm i303»i.1

"pan to nnxan nssn inx n»e?3iyi n»a»r lie

T3 *"»nx mans oipa n*xi -|>n nsxi x»n »a/»i

oxi Tni3i3m i»3»3yi i»mp>nai i"tv ia no 731731 n^nam nnta&n x»n nai arc nisn ©D3H.5mwssn m»n> vmur Toswal osn'a tio

>iyn no 731 inwjn 'S3 ow ni3i-r3 mxoinno>iy >"t o*3ia7pn casnn imxipiz/ inai xsn

epan mix dxi i»3*»3yi cnan ci"nn tio 731 X3n3iH?r» x'nn ©S3n dxi nsya nysn' e?ao.10

n'sityi xsn o>iyn nmsa msm n3iwxn33 i»>xlat aa "

i(gx n?n «pan Vx -3iffn oki n?m>yainins> oipa ht x>n n>nri3 -1^x3 0© -na> naac?

i3»n>x> xin ttt xVn iiaiV D»©son o»>3on on'so'Tstn >yi i»m»T3 oy xin pn©a x>n 133 pntf>.15

T3 na;a »3x] 'nn nx 'nm?i »33m »cny3 tiidt iffx n>xn[;ix»> Tya 310 oa

nx»n3/» D'wom o»3>x 'n n3»3 nTn nson 'tnanioix »33 i^»»3» x> ]ya> [mxan >ktki] n»y3 o>iy

nnaKa »3 'nxxai »n«rm »nwp3i nVxn D'n373nsinai m'inn >3 ixxa3 in»im nn 3 *isn mx»sa.20

•rioa o>3 o»3"3yn >3 *3i ni'n ysnx maion onmoi o'-mon >3i D»3i33i o»33ia minn

naon »np>n 73 Vyi n»3s nsy >k -i»xn> n'Jisx&ami3an »39 >ia minni mn »nno »p>n3 nm

T»3y3 xm ]i2ftnn pVrm .mmon.25

.2 .nanxn »«nn (3),(o) |nyVm mo3»i (3)|ny>m nnosi (3a).1(o)„3 e *i3i 6,3 S2,5,4,1 :xin n?n T»n 3033 D'oswan no (ks)nmsan xin nai Tiy msn »93n 0x1 (a). 5 .nsenai naipa n»x

nixoinn (xs).7 .D3n»a 1103 (p.). 6 .nmsan x»n dxi (3) nVnano»nan n»»nn (a).9 .ocreun '13 (o),(a),(xa),(3s) ,(k9> msins(kt).11 .nsya ny3» (p),(o) ,(a)j(Ka),(Ko),(xT).10 .1*3*3*1»n3in »s oino>i (a). 13-14 .>k 3iwm n»m>yai (o).12 ,n»>x

.o'>3wn on»s (x9),(xn).14 .o»T3in i>x >y o»pne?an o»>3on ipw*3x] (x)|»nsn 'mn isnsT (p).16 .13 pn©> (p),(xs),(xt).15

ison *n33i3i (p),(39)lnTn nson 'nsnsi (xn).17 .ion [*i3i.m»x»> (>)|»nai»3i (>)|»n3ii3i (a),(o).(a) 9'(aa) 9 (K&; Inrn.21 ,'n» imx'sa (o).20 .rnnn Vxti (>)|mxn Vxtxi (x;.18

minn noo (3>,(>),(39),(x9).22 ,o'3"3yn >3 pi (>).23-24 .n»39 T3X >X (3)|n»319S3 (X9).23 .0*3103 (p)|0'3133

• mn nno p>ns nsn (3)|p>n3 ntn nson (0)

o,na :n'yw» .1

a»,n :n»ans .16a,n :n3"ra3 .24

38

[x/a m]T'3» *3 n>nsi3 'mmynns? iaa #s?3n.1

[n'nmnai n»np>ai] n'tinios mno3i nai>y x»n n»>3K?n ©san inn>ya naz»3 nnnn »3m noa nxnpsi

nrcxa 'maxn Vacn mac? nxw >3 >y n»>ma©S3 n> ixnp o»moi>»9n »3 osaxi n"a [vns3]«5

'3 naxn Tn» ipnnm x> d*3s >a >y n»y3ffn

nawan x»n m>3e?n wds n>yaar ona >m t *T3*i *n»s>y >yisn ^awn mxa nswas x»ni? Va»n mx

>x oya oya on D'an? onyi nazm »s> o»3s >a»am [noai] naxn nni >y >3X naxn ttt.1003 33 > 33m n"y3 i3n>a» '93 ansa mi tin

>3Pi ona xmpri yiT iya> En"3] D»3»3yn mx'33033n> nana nnx namaai onon mamas m>y>i3XT» i3»n>K *"i naann mno mx>93 oinss

TIK3 11X> n3T31 1»mnmX3 n3>31 l'3no 13TI».15a»3»3y nwV»> p>na E>33n no o'^nn

[o»p>ma] o»xn3w s"yxi omtnss onn»na«?33 inx i>3yV inx no am ddisb pi>n3

n>ya ># mns n>x n&>>e» na»3i nn»3n n©>B?n 7a ona >>33 Dixm.20

D'sion^'sm p'i'pn oia? *>a inx no >an »3 nsaxi 1333>3 omaeo omx ixnpr mania 'aa »s3n i»3y ip>n

manan was nnanxn ©S3 n3»»3yi nnoa nnx>3K fna nnxa i»3y >3 ip>m m>30»n ©S3

D**nn yy -pi »p>n3 mmn-nmo'an noa x>.25

n»np>ai] (k).2 .mmynn nwxa (a),(>)| »max ncxa wssn (a).1>3 >y (xn).4 ,nn^» na«?3 (p)|2x na&o (x).3 .non [n»mnnai

(3)f(p)»(o)»(^)»7 .wnsx (x;,5 .cn'axn o*»>a«7 maw nx»nmoai (x;.10 .>ynsn Vswa nav&n >3© mx (xn).8 .c7S3n n>ya

|o>»nx3n o»»nn (xn).16 .13 xmpn (p)lnon [nM 3] (x).12 .*3m.19 .inx no xim (p).18 .o»pVina (x).17 .o»p>n nv>v> -(a)

>a? m'n'm on n>x (a) 9 (o)ln.>ya >s-dim on (a)lna«?3i mm (>)nw>wn (3)|on3 >>33 (p)|ona >>33 inxm (xs;,(xn).20 .n>ya

e»>«? no3 (o),(xn)|nw>c nos ©93n no ip>n (3).22 .iaa3 x»nnnnnoa >3x (a).24-25 .nno »so (p)|nnx (o),(>).23 .maniaCxn),25 .nnnn no -pis Vsx (3)|o'»nn yv im P>ns nnnn no

|mno 'Dm no3 >3X (3),(p),(o),(V),(3a),(Ka),(3£)),(x9).o»'nn yv inn p>n3 (sa)

>,a> :anx ; a, 3 :n»yo" .15a/nx-x/nx :o» ; a/ns-x/nx :*a n.nT .18-19

13, a :n»B?xn3 .25

39

V 3*n nn i'3-n *» I' 5 Sn> T> •• naann a**13!' 5

««%n *n» kit an nnoK

TrnarrnsB-oiOT rmnj ni**x» !="»ncVwa Kin [n"3

ni»B •>» [n»-w "^* JJ s>3 onrinM.15

*. - f-.^ friV4 .1WK HOXn (o)'^

.11 .naKii ni T 3y3tt^v[ K^|moa ninna -wk D1S!

J.'3

n»inl

.m>n ow 'Ur< >',u .-.§ -«;:> ,:;•.^tV •;-*, mxi* niis** (Ot.^hl?

-iik nxn' n>*sn ,n'in© .25

40

[X/T TT]

one; [n"i&y m'3t'] n«'T3 'in mVw nany -|«nn K-H31.1npy oniff ?yi mxn «iiaa inn*- o»'3i»>y o'T3"73

>3'n3 D'0333i on D'>iy D'nain n'a'jsn naann

o»3iD3 th own D'3in -nasn xosa n>ya>i na»3s i>an>yvrn K03 >y' iniiana >y laiy xosn on303i.5'Tx inxs oitoni i«nnm mxn tn'nnsi in3>aa

»>3 innnK3i m>ya3 inx Kin tt3> *n» asm '3 xxan

d»rxi» on *i»x »S3 annnxs yau?3 >ipm "new dib;

n»»wy ni'X' nx'ns mo '3 osaxi omin mnan»3'3y3 o'pVma am -mx mqs D»m»na onwVw.lO

7'3y >y n>iy nvx' '3 nvx' moa lop Kin nx»*i3

—

:

aa-B>»33 x'ni-a>-3-n« n!>>n ten n"g?y nx'i3nn'avai mm wasn 1133 o'rnaia on o»n:nni

Kin B?D3 nTa n>ya> nT D»>iy d»T3T on©

na©3 ws3n moa n>ya> n>iy nnn '3 nn moa lop. 15

DVi3 o»>>i3ff mmsn ia3 o>i3 nx n>>i3i o>3 >y n>iynasnn noi o'3'3yn mx»33 0333 '33m

7*rya xxt *in3i mnv n'a'3sn npinT3nVi nyi> i> w» *i3i lan nx cnpvn>

K-ipan mos irox m'a'33nma3rin '3m '3.20

x'n iffx n3T>yn nasnn noa nni i*m»>y o'a3n'nisa nu'wn n'9in >3 '3'oa n®a> nmoa

n3»3V nsan'o o»piayn '3'ya3 o'prnn

n> npcii n'T3i o»n>7 nm:a nam n'TX '3a >y

o'^'3»an >3© n3'3i D'>'nsm namnn.25

(» Id-tiki ia im» (3),(o),(>),(kb),(ki).2 .nvx' n"'w (x).1

.7 .D'3133 t.ti o'3in (p),(o)|a'33in (>).4 .ip*» »^ "Jn>yn» xin '3 (3s)|di» x>d inVyas -rni'a inx ftn (3a).(xs; ,Cx-i;

Tina? ma? (3). 8 .Trn>ya3 -rnyai vn' (p),(o) ,(xa) j-mi'a mxri3 D'V>33 (o).12 ,o'p>ina (o).10 -.n*»wyi (p),(o).9 .Vipni pn

.wssn moa n>va> (xs).14 .o'mniai ns o'V>33 o'ns-m (x-0.13

,(xa)|o333 nsn nnyi (xs)]'no333 nsn nnyi (xn)|'no333i (p).17

t(3a),(xa),(xs),(x-i).19 .0333 '33n venyi (3).(°)|W»W

,U),O),(as),(xT).20 .nyi>i >'3«m> (a)|>'3<zmm (3),(o),(>),(3i),(39),(x9),(xn)|m'>y D'as (xa).21 .mpan mos (3),(p)

(a)lD'pTn (>),(xn).23 .o'un©3 (p),(a).22 .nasnn nns Dm (p)

'3a >y (p).24 .n33> (p),(xa),(3s),(xs)|n'-i333 n'l'JM (0)

n3'3i (p).25 .n'nsi o'n>T nniai nam nnx '3a. >y.(a)|-K»nK

mx 1st n>'sn ,n'nn©

41

|>/7 tO-nnoa y>on |>ian3] naion -pna y^ »nwsa .D3aoni..1

dtki naan Ksa oik »ib?k *»s>l naiianmn insn *no »a ny*t> t> ©» nsian p»s»

T3iVn» »1» n»n nxa ibk m»Kan n»i>j?90xn13> *iwk D»'nn yy lain anas Kim.

5

o»a>sna iai ri»©» n.i»iw»

naw niKa ©an ia>nai n»»Kna »a*a >a1>»Kn Kim H3«7 D'wann n3B? is nsiaa nia Tioa

-i©yn »3»ai iioa>K 'Visa ia?y o»3wa >aaio Kin i«?k

iipy o'3w om [o»T?s] oiiis er» o»3ioa>x »>i3a.10naaai [ia>] Kin© i>*xn *jia i>oa o»Bnp on© >Kn»*i

mo Kim "nan ipy King mKa nTwrn Pina»n3 >aa naan [niK>s] ni3»na a>i>i a>i>a noa

>yi D»'nn yy m ok ma»> 'arcnoiw.mix anaKxaa i»ts »3ao 73yn v.iiaa »3K *aK3 lion nr.15

im nM 3j?n >© i»i9 inar t^3 mown, hirms ilioannK Va niKx» orcai i»3Ty Ta- "Pna ni3in3

p»>yn t*33" n>y» "no» fi*a"T no »sa nnKio^iy> pois i3»K -mam nt noa um»nni >»Kim

>y nnaiy ma^am i»3030 'ms: mis Kin ta-ni.20tfssn fio >y TiiynnVi nyn> i> w» inaian

nitfaina sjniws na K*n (tfSln nasam nnnvmVaion mson >aai ois i^mao »3*3y >aa "panna Vaa n?n o>iyn mrcanns i»ai»? >aa "pan dkK»n »93n it >yi *nan oi»p mti *nan -pox'©.25

nama una (3a)jo*y>on '3030 iins (Ka)|ion [*ian3] (k).1nys i^k (3),(o)|n»m>S3 n©K (p).4 .y>on »3oao nin3 (o)|y>on

»3»a >a (o). 7 .T'aiana iai (3). 6 .mvn n»n (3a)|»7Bm n»n|3>i>3 -roia (ks)).13 .ion [ia>] (k).11 .epaiaa (k).10 .n^Kns(p),(o),(>)»(«3).17 .mmis lamai Ci?).16 .ion [niK>a] (k)

n>ya tioi ii»m (o)ji»33n no» nVya (a),(Ks).18 .la 1103ny*r*» ©» 1x3a Co).21 .mac/am wsa »m33 mis Cp).20 ."pasn

• nova (3)|m»ann ^in'ga na Co). 22 .gsan tio Kin na -niynn>iCs).25 ,iai*p >aa C?)f(an)i(39),(Ks).24 .niaon >ai Co).23

.nt >yi Co),(Ks>)l Bl'un itd*©

T,a :nn»wn n»«r ; To,oa :n»ai» ; i,3 :ywin» .1a»,a :»>wa .2-3

o,7» :ywm .5»3m maK ; 1,2a mans :»a>em» ; t-i,io ;nan n»WKT3 .7

o»p,aa :inai>,3 :»TTian ,»i>n mm* .11

ia,a :n»B7KT3 .14o,"T» :ywin .15

a :»Tips Kainan .17

42

[K/n «tt]

Din »3 'toks "pan nivmna Din naa maia.lD3Ej-iots3> 5337 nK "JK 1ff333 TOT ff93n Kin

na Kin min «|im dt? ns Kin nt no oViy>

no3 »n>iT] <i/93n oi>p3 'a "paa o»»pnn> ff33n ok o>*pan

r^ssn naa o**pna oixn nnn naoai awisn min T3ya nnnman nao xin >tx ffsan px nnn ysanai x»nn.5

. nnn »3 «paa o"pnn> n>ia» ff33n i*x 'a

npaa xin nffx »n*axn >a©n vsy Kin nnain

Tiaa -psffV Ka naanm >awn i»yaai axns cnn-iV w» ff* i>»nan> n"a Kiian mi3y> >an o*>p> liaa

nffy o*n>x dVxd naxs o»n>x no nam oiKnff s"yK 'a ny-r>.iq

o>33 Va >y ?3 ynt niK noa^mnynn nffx oai^ o-rxn nx

*xna3 tk© >a >y n>n»0K~~rr3T»>y som tt&s- rm Ensn-

>yi top a>iy Knps **s>i iasy *3sa n>">» Kin »a noa

*Kn 'it n>xa k> o»n>K o>xa nmns DTKn 'a inaK^iffK

in la o»33 >a >y niKax D>xa k>i >-Tff o>xa k>i_ Kn iki,

misi iia >i>3 off im»nai o»nVx o>xa [*n>iTj i3*K »dKin la o»33 >a >y niKax o>xa k>i n© o>xa k>i_ Kn iki. 15

in*a misi "pa >i>3 off mi'nai o*nVx n>Hl»n>iT.J i3'K »a

>xi *»na Km n>»Vn nV»>n msian 7ffX3 "pa xm iffx x?

93i>atn *a >xi *biki i> isiyn man nai >x H'ain 'a

yiaff> n>ia» K»nff naa i?iKn nK laffV 'ta ?3K niffKi

>apan na noa Kin Vi>a >"i >i>a Kinff n? off naKff nai.20

a© Kin o*n>x 'ixnn *sa ysff ia ini3 isoa ?nai na

xin ffaa na>nn >a oaaxi imix >aai i'3'sy >aa "lniffa

na -rn»a o*3niffa marc [*3ff] n»?X «iniffa off

npy *3ffn own ni'na n3 >3ior ns Kffi3

a'nsart offn Kim n3i33n nyipnn in»n ffiffi Van.25

; na o>iy> (ks).3 .niffanna oin naa mma Tan m3T3 (o).1

>33 •man (p)li'niffnna «)ian oi»p np (as)|i'mffann Vaa iian

:- *n>iT] (k).4 .rmmm iian (o)|o"pa Kin nan^i'mffinn

affi'n ff33n T3y3 nnn nss »nViT ffS3n hk (Ks)pon L t^t

nnn nsa »n>iT >nian dtp Tk *a D"pnn> (p)jnnn naoai

(d).6 .ff33n ia nnn ysanai (p).5 .naoai Dff-nn ff33n .i»3ja

D"pnnVi iian D"pnn> «pan (p)|«nan una (o).9 .nnn K>a

(p).16 .0*33 >a >y 'a (P).15 .o>xa 'a (o).IO rT" 13^.^"m: (o).19 .n>'>ni on (o).17 .-rin'a mm >i>a (o)|iia ^Via

.V3Kan ns (3)|naxff na (p)|i3-iaKff na (ki).20 .TTKn dk n3ff>

.22 .ia mi3i (p)!i3aa >ni (a)|i3aa >maa n3 (o)^(Ka).21

n-a >3io (p).24 .maff >nff (k).23 .Tmsi inty >33i U).m»3 (P).25 .ni'ins

n-1,0 :n»ffKT3.2i,s sn*a?KT3 .10

•('top D>iy) a :mp3 Kainsn ; 3X-kx,k> :in3 »3ii nisx .13

a' :K3'py .t >ff n'3 "I^k.t j D3-T3 nop o>iy maKn»,o :n»yff» .18

i «ii ffipn >pwa H30 ; k/» SC1313 ; na,a :n»yff» • 18~'!2- ' na,33 :n»yff' .25

43

[a/n.«n]'

xin© Tixn *noa "p'Vyn ocm im»nai n3»son nx.1

nn'3s o»«np.n anp mos n»33n navnan -no >y

is Vyi rmn'on»>y nna-iwK d»>»-otb> >ni -no. i»aya

13 iman Kin '3 m Vy. n>yaa fi'Vyn own no Kin

xin iwx dims oixn ma naaa V»n m©y> na.>

ffK-jn oipa Kim naanm nyin m»i oipa

[i3ia] xini n»Vyn wxn >xx onxn is mniw» nwjc

napnm ny-rn owvw»nn ma Dy iwm Tiaaxs «pa?

nasnn T»3y xm id xin [l'xa] »t xVl I3in3 n»in«m

ircx Van n»w»n x*m wxn xin iwx n*a>3sn n3i».?»n.-ny

Tn3i3tia >yi l3sxi tnaian Vy m'inn >3 iiruia owa

„___tlio naan map 3 m »mn >a> ipyi cms **" » 3 T3£)i31

D'Txan b*D3yn ibwb'sp naaa iv& n3i»>yn mips,-mpan tiob *3 dsbxi minon rmaan *3S >ia >x

pnai *asV n*vnp vnp »B»asn >3»nn mx o©sn' cwTn.15

mx'sa ni'in moa ni'inn >3 nixxi* »a*3Bn-Va»nn nr

Tai3 nr nsp T'ay hhb3 i©x3 innnx n*i n» i3n

am mT OVftN mx*33 i3"n© [na>] -mnsi n"a oyia

xin n» nT ow o>x3 xin mxm d*3s >a ?y Tm^a[ys»©3n] ow xin *?K >sn nx a»naan >a'3sn np»yn.20

aw '3 mix3 man naan xim inaa y»3am la™*Fman nam *?K san ^la? nysan] misn r.aan xin n

nnaoi nnsa yyisnan

dk?3 Kxan->an 13 >yi »3 *ni> dtp t*x mixn^^inT mx d'33 >3 Vy awn t»3y naxn dxi D'n7K ht

nun -|ina nmsnws '3] mixn *nV3 ma> nyna >y mia.25D>X xin >-in isina [mixn i*xc?3i yyianai y»3a xin

n>ya>a (»|m >y naiaa .n>ya (k»).4 .mxn yiqa (a)i(>);1

.7 .nT 17333 (o).5 .Tni3n '3 »n (a)|nai33 nVyaa (P.)I«imi ma >y iwxn (o).8 .7313 xim (x)| n'Vyn wx-in (xs),(xi)

(o).13 ,>3n n'ssn >3n ©xn (p).10 .xin 7**» (x).9 .nyrm

,d»wv (3),(p),(xs).16 ,>3»nn iio lowsn* (>)-*I5-J

13*3™(m) .20-21 .Jiiin dv (x).20 .xin n» '3 (3). 19 .na3 (x).18

[4i3i nysanl (x).22 .«|ian (o).21 r

57^"01 / 3^?/3!^'3l (x)hiyna (xs)*25 .a» ti" xsan (p),(d),(xt;.23 .non

.TOn [*131

n,n3 jn'yp' .8a.n :T3ia3^.i4-

44

nam x'n© nmsn isaa np>no3 *a >y 1's nna» x>.1

noa ^ti 7»3y xm 'o»3sn i*n >y *a D3axi n»

Kin *a -iij?n>i pipt^i T»y> e? 9 i mmri *nno

man >y» 'axn ox »a mun ix «iun ox oix pm*ox3 ny>mi nan x>a ivn nnno nana xsn.5

dip a>3 nT n>y* >xi *»Vn *»>n o»n>x o>at3 xmw'3M>n iB3i n» *'na nmnn »inoa 'axi nan

xin nu/am nyn nx »333ion d'tii maaysixin »a»3an '3 oixn xin »a 3»o*n 7*3y via>a

an -warn i-iym np'yn xim nT d«73 xnpsn.lO'a»3sn »3 mxn >y xin nViyn naom <zna>an

rr?^—^TmrigT^>rr-fnti gpitm otx xTj^a-n—H-rrH

—

-j»a no»» [x>] nnx i©3 >y nax i»3y >y naxi»a»3sn sin muni -wan xin inn *a 'Kii nixin» >a lo^an* nT -pi >yi o»nVx nam xin©. 15-rata i»a ana mi na^an i^x on»3»a> o'xnasnnxaio ixa iwasn «?» *a nxaio tsa T'a mno

nx© nowsn* o«?ai mnon nin nsa T,e?aa nn ©»i

Dura n>iyn xin ana »a'aam o>iyn nra cxnaaniwa iik? na?3 m in >yi ffi3>a xin *nam D»n>x*20

ht »aaai [b®3 nViyn xin 'a*aam] -ircaa xin "iran 'a TTn»a»3sn xin Dixn

naxa i»Vyi o»n>x na naoa «pan nT> yaan xim•noa o»aa >a >y »a ia>sa oixn nx o»n>x xno»i

-inan roos nawan [naa] iwaa o»n>x ammawan mniis oe?o >a >y "nya xxi'n.25

,(xa).4 ,*a o>ixi *iai n» (o).2 .iaaa npVnoawa ia va (o;.1~ a>3 (D),(as),(x9).6-7 .nses xsi»n (?).5 .mixn ox (o),(>;

.xin 'a T'y ena>a (o).9 .o>iya nan dtx a> *y (a)|a>iy3 nan

(x).13 .wiaVan (»,(3b),(icb),(kb).12 .oik >"i n? octo (i?).10

(xa).(xs).20 .10W9H' onai (o).18 .nn inawan (o).16 .non Lk>J

(xa) (as),(xs).22 .ion [''isi *a'aam] (x).21 ,»i3>an xin (aa)

.24 .nxna'i (a).23 ."lian nT> yaa (a),(p),(o),(a),(>),(aa).D»as >a >y T*ry» Cp).25 oon [nas] (»)

x,a smax nacz

45

[a/i =n]

»3 03BX1 t33 *t»3 HT 1»3yi >3aia tIB Ximmna *p>n >3 D*»p»n tmpn Vawn n3t?an

xxas tts »3aa ia«3 nt Vyi] 7>*xn nt naon i©»3 Kin mannan nt »a >y [xm ia T3»t vnaa '3K maxv nai

n*ya n>an x>ff prn oi»p nao xm iaaa ivaa-n.5

Tat man m»na »a Tarn oViy> n'Vawn ic?33

mnan niavan >a napss Tarn iiwai nap3ii»M»rhK nrs db vxai ia"p3 *pan nx ma"pnan

»a iam iai»pa "pan >a >apan na©3n na nmoapga nxtpan ji aitan iTtg tnxai Kam tip. >3n.10

pt una nn'»ixa i>i3i naina mys©3 mawan tio nr

xaV nnxi nnx >a tin a*wn t©x ty o>y3i »a»33D»ta*Kn i>K3 n>iys me?y>i ensVan nT3 ©3>nn*

D'>am o»>a> t'tat Kin taixn »3 ana nn^ys nixingi»>x [I'txn] leftists >iys>i mffya> »>a x»2nnV iaix> T»a»t2i.15

«man nTa B73*nn> nnViys mxtn> na»tx na«?3n la

<?aa naait x*n naenn ia >yi ] ntn o>iyn n>iys ia >iy3>i

T»xi nun n"3pn na '»» nx '2733 '3t3 pi033 V'Ttx i'3y3x»n *)x antp n"apn na n*xt3 n3»xi nun navan-ia nxt3

nx n3T .navan =ik oViyn nx it nM apn na nviipixsn V"t o»aan 'axrc laa [i>i3 "pan

oVxa »a nnin> nt >a *i3i «pan >a nato; navanxta»i nyt> >3in nt *ptai mun nx n<?y o»n>xpay tio >y itaxw nan ia>23 otxn nx o»n>x.20

nnno nscs "pan nT ."pna 033n>i] o>iyn nTVnxm ©ssn m»t»>»3wn>i nyt> t> w» [d»33 >a >y

naaita xma naait x»n nai»>yn nawsn tio »anawsn ta ®aa i3»'3a x»n »a axn ia T3n

xti3 naait d>s cn>x o>x x*m xti3 naait T3a x»n nai'VynD>X3 iian T'x »a.

Vaa *?«f3«jan ©nitn tatn 9 a n' xnan ;»25

(p),(o)t(3i).5 .ion ['iai nr >yi] (x).4 .nn3 pVn >3 (o).3

liwa* (o).7 .T3i3nm (p),(o),(a),(>) ,(xs).6 .o>iy> mVya.12 .tio >a (xb).11 .Tian >apan nae?an ns ti03 (xs).9 .t3Tn

(3)|nnxi nnx tai>3 tin y*an (>)jtm y»an (a),(3s),(xs)(x).17 .ton [n»ta:n] (x).15 .Taixn iaa. (kb)«14 .tin ny»ansD»n>x (3)|ittn nrai otxn nx nwy (p).19 .non ['iai 73 >yi][*iai D3an>i] (x)|o>iy3 nxrn (x9),(xt).21 .ittn nTai xm

(o)|»3nitn t3tn (p),(33),(xs).25 .nxtisV i"33 (o).24 .ton.Vt3ian witpn t3tn

x,ap :o»>nn ©tta

3" a

46

[k/t m]mn *ai ia>3* =nan px iian mniKD.1

nam K»m na©3n K»n o*3s >3 >y] maan Kin »ai ia>xnta nM 3j?n Km "pan n»inoi n»m>ya waa p»n>x p>3e

an Tniaoi i»3'»3y >3 oViyn nT3 nnnnsc? »39ai p>iynai»n> oViyn nta [mix >D3«ra *n» Kin i3*3n *|iam insa

oViya icw o^min >a man o>iyn xamxaan ij'kb? iai i> T»xi Tian mixa an nrn

pirn d'hVk o>3t3 [x»n ntripn] nacan *»s>i [o"tk3].5ia»o »nnK -\rno2 mi >3i i>3 o>iyn >3 mai Kin

l©a3 *pam nKiis inx m>y> rueras naipan

tip Kin p-rxn m»sVi p*»39ian o'min ysoi ia?a nnx1 nn>p>3C3 x»n [n3T>yn mixn

>33 noai n>ya imx'xa] n»m nn*ax n> -prcan> '73 o»n>xnT3 [imx'xa nnax naa x»nw nenipn nat?3n iri3 maViyn

nT3 Viys> »T3 ©i3>an nT3 na»3sm pViyn.10nn'aK nswan »3 ©93> xiras *»s>i mViys a>iynma>iyn >33 noai n>ya nny»m nnix'xa mn

aVam pixn >i3» nwnpn nawsn it naa n33iinystfm noa> nin p>iy>] oipa >© i3io nswan i»B7an>

n>ya> [p>iyn >3 >y*9v «|3 b*5s >3 >yi o>iyn 73 >y inysem H31.15>» 131D nyswn -p»an>i noaV tkh> btk nawa

nsy3 n>3n» -iu?x "pan pki nrn a>iy3 aipamaa nawan otpsnni nam ana 3i,»»i naixn

px p>iyn nT3 m'3 on»3© i»nw iaT >s ]at inx>a>iyn n>ym >3i on»3&? *n>3 p*»pnn> >13» p>iyn.20*pan nVyim mnax -ik?k 'S3 xxas it naoa 13101

mm i3io >3i na»33 >n>iT i3'K aViys iai*p 'a' >3»i3 nn>3 mini psx m>iT i3»ki Kin nnspa mixa

iai'i? »a» >3 *pan] tiVnm uiok "tox mnsn nx© >a o»'p>nawsn [n>yim na©33 »n>iT 13'k p>iy3n»mn3 niKnn> '•ta'Kin "lian nta nP33n3.25

n"3pn ns' (p)|m*n7 p>iyn nTa n"3n i>03 ^nan mam (k).2ifnpn (K)|o>iy3 (k).5 .oViyn nr nam (ks).3 ..o>iyn nTa

.9 . *i3i K»n nawam span p'tstV i»3»a 'nnx mi> (k).8 .KinKin yinsa wisVa Kin© Tiam (39)|n?3 nmsna n»m nn'ax (k)

(k).14 .in>iy3 (o)|i'm>iy9 (3),(>).11 .nm o>iyn nia*r

.16 .o»39 >3 >y inyswn (p)'|iyBoni (>).15 .TPn ['iaxiofeiy*^(nrn p>iy> (a),(>).(K9).17 .1310 nyown nswan i»K7an> (xs;

(3)| lam mix V3 (p),(>).19 .owsnm (a). 18 .nsya n>3' (p)'nViT (p).22 ,o»'pna o>iyn (kt).20 .tot mix iar nnK>

Tian] (s)|nmnn nxrc >3 (>).24 .i3ixa tipi mm (xn)|nas73n,ian [*i3i

T3,3 :»>wa .15n,T :3i»x .18

47

[3/T *P]»sa n'fra> na'ix x'ni? '3sa] a>iyn ma n»m>iysi.1

a»n3n> 'ia yawi na «roin iai [i3nax -ia;x

»T3 yswi na toici o>iyn ht> nrmai "pannnaphni [>9Q?n] oViyn m> mxn a'nanV

nnrns mi' m»n» nnVyaa ncn»n> noai n>ya Tipnanoai n>ya noa n>i>a n3'x oxi T'nxn > 3n n>i>3.5ht> *nn© Q-nj? nys©3 x'n na»3n© xxa3 na>© n3'xna>»3 oViyn nT2 x»nrc3i [n3T>yn] nVyan o>iyn

o>iyn nro [Kxniffzn] Tinnnn D>iyn nra n>>33in>ya ><g o>iya riia>iyn Va ma'>©3 na'>» x'n

xWna nma'^wa x'n naeran 'txi noa >«/ o>iyai.-TO"

nn'n nyni 'a o>iyn ht> nnc mip n>nna nn'n

irnx >aa na>©3 o>iyn ht> npmai nnu 0777naffsn n>yin ja Vyn nmo>M x'n n>i>ai

dikh law >ai T3ff >3.o>i»n nr> nrnna nma'Vcnn-nnai msa naaa ' n&va.n tt> >>iai i3ip> kth.15aio >aa naOa? narcan '?xi q?21b o'B?ya naaai»sa ncn&*>vi o!?iyn nr> ri-nV nnVyin x'n in

'sa nnn T>y nn3 nc?x V'awa Va> nTa »*n »ixinK-sn '3(0n p'Pnn .-max ™x

[ncwx inx] narcsn -no t'3?3»20nnxxa n3'3y nan -j>n nsxi x»n 'aV nyr> "pan fa•hpx ena>n ht> n»3m «inan to npwonm o>iyn nTa

'>ya ['3'ya] nrcp' naa 'a 11? yiti o^iyn nta ne?a>

>"Tn 'ax© na "poiV'sn »naia o'poiyn '3'yan yaon

T3y >y nmnn 10 n»Ki o'x'aai maipa naaa.25

:. '3sa o>iyn htV (a)|-jon [*i3i '3sa] (x)|n>iyn ht> (xs).1

(x).3 .Tom o>iyn nr> nrmai lanax ne?x 'sa o»>a> na-r3»

(o)hpnm (aa)hpnm (p),(a),(xa),(a9),(x9) |-ion [Vswn]

,(xs)|n3T>y (k).? .T'ttxh i>k >aa (o).5 .n>ya Tipna.

npnmn>ya noo (Ka)|n3T>y n>ya tidq (as)|n3T>yn n>yan (aa)

,iaiD >aa (o).16 ,nm»T3i (kt).12 .xanwai (k).8 .n3T>yn.22 .nn«x 'nnx (xa),(as) Innxsa nwx (k).20 .ht> 'ir (o).18'3'ya (aa)|'3'3ya (k).23 .laina novenni (o) ,(V),(aa) ,(ks)

,(K9)|D'9ionV'sn nata (xi).24 .yaon '3'ya (K-OJyaon >ya

Drnai >a D'9ion>'sn (kt) | D'9ioi>'sn (p),(Q),(aa),(xa),(a9).(3 x/n tt) 'ian n'a'ca tx '3 >y aix '3a mn -rata

48

[x/n «n]ismin '33a o'»3X e?'i mana nnxx nnx »93n.1

7X3 Dn'737 >3] '3 >» D»B101>'3n '7373 Tan cp'Tna DH©l'x [o7x »33 nin

'3 'aixi ans 7wx nswnan »737a im' I'a'e/a

i3mm '737 Vs '3 D'sanm waa nax in xm inn [inu]nra mix x'sia© nai ,»aa imn imxa Kin.

5

D3> *X 13»G?» X>1 D"nn [l^is] DX'Xia 1>X3 TITH7'xi xin 310 oerx>n 7ax> n3i3n x>i nn x>i

mmm mx '33 mn 1773 inaunai my7»3 maix nmx D'naxa, aViyn '33 >3#

~03'737a »137 inaa Ta Y"»»w> ?y D'au? maaa.iCT3ny*r >am ix'ni 03»m3wnoo 'niaamai

x'm i3aa yin xmw 737 a»wn> istnavnaiI3ny7 7xa na»>»n iswti n"a xnan navna

inavna x»n minn xVm oix »3a msn 7xainaV 13 i3'x OKI [na»>wr icurn] nn apn >ff.15

[nxtn] minn Tn3S73 TiannisD3 o»»» oa n»n yix *iv ynxi n'aw T»ain>mVipm iVia T»y »a?» "im 013*1 nx7 o»m

iod7x K>n 7si#n Vipi s'7's>m>3 nx 13> 7'a' mpa >33 o»737an wx7

>1j?1 733;T3yii 0»p731 01>ip X>3 «7H>3 minfl '737.20[ynKi D»ao? cninnn x>3i tsib?

inavna 'a»vn> Vai'w 'X7i 07X ts"'3 nV'Vn x>xn>3p3 Vap> ia imcVriva tiiin *.»b>i *n» myn

>v inyn inawna x»nw minn pits '737D'yiT nViyn '33 >3» s"yxi n"3pn

*n'i 'n' own 13 -ins xV n»x733n >3 >v 137 n»av.25

(P),(>).3 .T°n [*131 >3] (x)|0'Q101>'Sn '737 >33 (xs).2

.5 .naxn m (a),(xs)|7on [mix] (x).4 .'73a 7ni' o'a'va

.D3> Vx ia»ff' (3)|o"nn ins (x).6 .omx x'anaw »ai (xs)i3'ni3^nai I3ny7 ix'n (3). 11-12 .ynxn >ya D'a© (o).10

.minn i1? inscn (x)|7on [

4i3i inyii] (x).15 .a'wn> n'Vi3'

b]x (o),(x9)|D'atf ix n©y7 (x7)|o»awi ynx T'annV (p).16• IKWa >31 D»P731 (X).20 .1903 D'a«7

o',7o :n'yw .7o,n3 :n»y»» .10-11

7,n :d'091E7 .16n',0' :maw ; i,v>? :o'Vnn .17

n»,3 :maw .18to.o' :ma© .20

49

[a/n en]na»>w inyi nn*n x>i TP*t imoi nyi ion n'nw.1

:*pxim inaanb maani ibo-ik nana-. «*n k>w na n>3?3 i>ap>i mmn ann»o r»yr>

inyra i3aa i3*r Die? *'sk a?wnV >ia* KtnDipan-nyi x»nw »3sa in>3» >33i ina»n»3i.5

oi»n D'3»nxnn lanaiiaK »33 imxi n"3n^npn nmin'-naia o»37n D»snoi>»9n »T3i3»n37 ik nmnn *T3"t d'kit i©k Tnn mix >y

T3T> nsya onyr TaiKS D»3enn >w t ''man[nsya k>3 n»n»J k> }ya> n3*rn mis >y a»wn>i.10

9?, yx m Va DKi inaana ]iyi5rrg^g^~K^iD»3»BKa 03»K 03»3> D3'3 7"ltt> nSVB 1'3'©aW

D?nnK D'nsTo ik >wt *»m3T »T3fa nsin miKa

nsax »Toina [oax» ikt k>w] »ia »n>iT nax on©n>a nmnn >a »a nyr> i3> w»i oyn »3»ya.l5

nwyai iiso div. na.Kxan k>i n"a mpan run K*ni»>y.»i>n o>iyn >as? Tat i3*K8? mina 7»3yi ianimK3 >>a3 oni9nn ow -no Kinw 'n't *n» law noi

Kin nwyam -nson rmni nwyan irnxsi msonown no nxT3 nwyan -nson imx3 own] i»>y 'i 33,20m'Vaam maanm naaiam tn>y&n.*noi [cmsan

»3a >a a»wn> n>ai* k>w na [lama o»xn3i i»>y o»»i33]D'Tan >aa i>»ski] isao Tan *»sk "raixn »>yai yson

>sn> i>ay» na>i [oViyswtins nix tana **sx T3i> utnin »n3ia anpVi m*i>i

nyswV >ax> mno n»n» '»» *39> o*aan'V »aD'aT p»ny Tmx n>i onac onai [noaa>i] p*ny noaaVi.25

.5 .naaa (ks).4 .nmnn »nai ens (kb).3 .o»>biooik (3).

2

T»3a n'n xVw '3aa (o)|n»n>xn inscmai nyi x»nw »33a (a)( o-), (>),( kb) JlTrn mix >yi (a),(xs).8 .nvr

'K*nv. *39Bi oam

.nT >a >yi (xs).11 .nsya »>3 »> n»n» (k).10 .d'kit iwxaoasy mxnn> (K)|a>*n»ax on© (a) e 14 .nam imxw (ks),(kt).13maw tioi (a). 18 .ia »i>n (p),(o).1? .oyn »3S3 (o),(3.).15

n»KT3i n»>y nnns (k).21 O non [*iai dwi ] (k).20 ,*n»'ama 3'npnV (p),23 .Ton [*i3i i>»9Ki] (*0.22 ,mina

(K)|p»ny fai' (3)ji»8i» Tan K*ai» p'ny (o).25 .i3min.-ion [nD3a>i ]

k,td :»>wa .12n»,3.a :n»yw» .24-25

50

[k/b -«p]-mx naoan T»3y >y nix'33 i3»»n» na> iiTnsi.l

nav i>n nsxi x»n »a> i3aa n>>in»m *pan ja nnxat

ox in nn»3n ~wx "pan ny-n» x»n oxi mroi m"3yoViyn fo nnxxa nna© dk ix i3aa mair x'n

nsm ri3i73 noai waiyi T'T n> w» oxi n3»»3y nai nrn.5-iipn>i nsn> «;» iVx o*i37 m»y xin na

nai ne?9 ny-r> max i»x >a fna»a laorps -wxa naosn nsiana T»3yn >y *mnV ©'i

naon *rioa ip'ym onion ma*Tp> "iTin i»ayn------- — naigxnn.lO

*n»i *n» own »a nyi> i> w» »a -»a ianx> x>i ion »s> [ix»xam] o!?iyn xna xin naVx> '3 [o»3innnni o»3i>>yn x»xon *n» i>«7 "pixV x>].15

onay non x»xan>i ion ''s> »n>iT '»» niTy* ixaion o>iy »mox nsyan n»n id Vyi ox»xam oxna

nyiVi -iipnV w ion »sV ia>iy x»3taa mi'n: *»s>i n3a»x»xaan inin^x tio i»3yi ismin »tio »a-n >y[oipaa] nonpn naa/an no isa 7nai iaay non.20

mpaa n»ci>i a»xn >3«rn inai naxns anpnnsi'Vyn nnpsn no© nya »a fani yn o'»nn

m»mn Va »tx o»Bnpn t?ip no> nysoa x»n©xin >y m» xin ys©m insian Vy ciikst

tit ooai oxna Voi3 >na inai T'»'n no xin©.25

la ny-n' (o),(xs).3 .*'n naV (p).2 .naoan no (o),(xs).1(xa),(as),(K9).6 .nans naai ©san t» n> ©' oxi (a). 5.. nan

inn (a). 9 .*ioxa (xo).8 ,n©x >y (o),(xs).7 .i»n D»nan(x).14 .prnyan »"y npma n'STaie*-! — ,10-13 e ima7p>

.19 .nainnnm n3v>yn x'xan x>© iiu> ox (x).15 #mx»xam(a). 21 .mpaa (x).20 .ianiin >a-n -no >y (a),(o),(V),(xs)vvip tioV (a). 23 .n3T>y xipsn no© (a).22 ,naon3 onpn

.ooai oxna p>n Voi3 (a).25 .Q'wnpn

aa,n ;b'osi» .15-16a, as :o»>nn .17-18

7>,to :'x o»a>a .21a/T» :xai» .25

51

on "wk ni3i»>yn nnan mo i»nna 's >y.1

mipan nos ma"pi nnaiy 1>3 im >nan inan t nnna

mo> m>yan iaa>a3 i»x iy nn'>yn-i&>y n»3»3 >3aia xm© i3T3Tn -i©x i>*xn

7>>xn nrai o>iyn mnn ysnx no3 xim 7i°3>x 'Visa

t>'k s aix 'ot *t x>3n [V?f3 didk inn [mmis] niaw3n,5n"3p* i> w»

o»3ff D»»i>n 131 a*iyn. mnn y3TK3 >3aia Kimo»-rpsia o»Ta3i b»i»pb-w»' o>33i tiosVx »>iaa iu?y

T>>xn cpa i>P3 o»gnp arm/ >x °iupi -yswn~D>Tyn—a-^-na-n->-

nsran n»3isx rm>.nywn n'mia nn> in i»3ioa>xmowai a"> Dm nson n'siyia nn> ny©n n»aiTT nn>.10

13yn wnsa »3X 4 *na tV»kti mix >yi niavsn nimisn"an >w i*v9a »ns in niawnu? ia>a xxa3 -pis [*3aa]

i3»a> »ns nany »*is yy n»e/xn3 nwyaa aw innanwa '3 D'3s >a >yi n"apn >» »ns inw mawa]. in i>xi

D'p»ix Ve? tsibim [in i>xi mmis mawan T>'xn nTonaa lay mama in©

in© ianax iwx mama ff>wn mo ».a naxn xVi.15

nyi> w» [k3 -rnx oipaa] >3n ?.a nawai mi ©93

naxn [oipaa] in »T3> mai.'Vsn mawan mo 'a

mx'aa 0333 »33n ito'v una naxn [t>»k] unw. yraai

niavs-n no »a yi nra mnynm >>xm o»3»3y >a

>ae? Tina >3«? xsa3 »n»ax >3«? moa ni3i»>yn.20D"»»?an na inn ma»a iaTa» x> -icx nn3n nao naa

naxn dxi >wm o>iyn nT> »»an> [*]ian] mna >a

oipa ht »xa D'yomi n»ian mesa la ox iaa>3

T3 ox n>ya> maxan n>yan it nsoa nx ixa

n>*>n n>»>n->a> "rnx mpai T'i» x»»dx *a.25

D'laiy D>ia on (p) ,(B),(aa),(ao) ,(xd) ,(xt).2 .-[n m (p).1

(xt).3 .mipan mx3 (xb),(x-i) |moa o'-raiy o>ia (xa)|o>'pai

,T>*xn xm nai (o),(xb).4 .>aaia xm *"\nm (o}|i33n:nn -|©x

(D)hon [»3aa] (x). 12 .ion [>"t1 (x)|non [nimis] (x).5

dxi (3). 15 .ion [*iai maca] (x).14 .ns.nn xjcasne? laVa

(x).18 .naxn Tipaa (x).17 .X3» 7nx nipaa (x).16 .naxn

'33m (a)(iiTa3 naxa (3)fl>*xn ©nw ytaa (3),(P)|"ion [T^'x]>ac (a)h»B3 *n»ax (p),(xs).20 .i»n o»3"3yn >a 1x3a

mna (xn)|y»an> mna (x).22 .Vstt nna.Vsff (o)hwa3 mn'axman mna (a), (>),(xa), (3s)|o>iyn nT> y'3n> (xs)|yon> «]ian

(p)|D"ianni30 (o).23 .y*an> «nan:mna->a (p),(o)|mrnTie? T>ia (a).25 .D'nsian mwss nao (a)|n"ian mc?33 n3D

.nnx mpai

a'Vj mx :n»nan nso ; 3/td : 3 nniT .5-11d,t :y«7in .11-12x» ,x :n»cx-i3 .13

52

pin»n 13 3nyaa mTa pirns »a n.T3 i»axn> i»x '3.1mn»nm >'Kim 7333n ia n>pam xaon ia iznpn

i>xn D»3»3y >y cman Diy»233 ans> 13> bt» nT3cii3T>y m>ya o'yaa? an wrpn [m>ya] »3 i> y*rn

ins 'i>n n3iaxn m»p >3 iwx ni3i33 ni30i.5>3 wkt crrp nxnp3n na»3sn nVyana msrcas iVisi

[x3i] xst i»ya mnon -miT nsaws [nam] m>yanmvpn nnD3i mos o>y3n -|rn i»ixn Tioa nwaan

on»ni3Q3i an»3»a> gnpn m>ya >3 mawaa o»ainana w»i nai»p3 naiaxn 'iwp ?3 o»'i?n onsi.ioynn ix» [mpa nswan -rsa Kim y*in n303 mnx]nxaion »sipc73 [ypw] nxaoan nxaion mpa xim

»P>n >d io»an» oe?ai minx mn>x xnpa nmo tioiDasy xao> mxsm D'nsism miam nxaion mso>yi xin owa o»ian mm ts imxa nn o*3'©aa.15

T33 na xaeai xao Kin nnn 13 iwx mys *ia.n 73itpx Tiys i»»n3 xaoa I3.>yvii3aa inxaio nx2t»

nxx»»s ima3 xaoai xao xin 131ns inxaio[i3"n?? na>] mTnai xaoa i3»xi isaa inxaioman fa nnsn inx navan no i'3y >y imx»33.20

nn 13103 n33w iffx man msiTi nym* oxVt nax man ia nnxx nnx t?33n '3 [t>]

3X3» i»>y nw'3 ix naxs i»*»y n>3xnai man x»n»dxi isaa nnsn >y i»>y >sxn Vsxn i»>y ics3i

tkb?3 tiiinv tiiin ia nKx» T33 ©sam >»xin naxn.25

'3 (xs),(xi)|enpn n>ya (x).4 .nmnon ia xao xin pirn (a).

2

;-. (x).7 .>3 axn Vnstf X3 m? xnpan (p).6 .mai»>y m>ya YdjlTH TlXn 710a (3),(>)|-in031 (XS).8 .X33 K21» (x)|n33-B73 Ha3H

nsiaxm naxn nrcp >3 (p).10 .niaeraa oen (3). 9 .mixn Tima (p)is* nswan nso xim ynn nxa mnx nsos (x).11 .ns^na B7»i (xt).13 .»2ipe?3 D'xipc (x)|nxaion »sip«?3 Ypw» xaoan 11(3) ^lai. ynn

nxaion (3)|on»3»a> nxaion (xs)),(Kn).14 ,n»n>K nKnpa (xi)(3). 16 .o»T9i3n nm 7»n imxa ns T*=waa (3).15 .d'Tsism(o),(x-i).21 .niK'aa iaxw T*3y >» TiTnsi (x).19 .Tsi3n 13

.nac?3n »3 (xs)|o?s3n '3 13 (x).22 .i»>y man (3s)|iiaV msir•>3xn i*>y (xa),(xT).23

3»,ap :a»>nn .1

3/T3 :'k nniT .143/i»p :x»xa X33 ; x/xo :ma3» .16

33, t» :3i»x .23K/np :7»TTnao j 3/n» :ma,i3 ; 33, i» :3i»x .24

53

'

- ,' C3/» IT]-

HIT 3X3» T>y TK273 IK -3X HX»n 13 ysn T»K 9>33.1dxi 7»y> nxnsn im yson ia yin xin# T3i

n»33 nax Vim m'yn minn »in 13 13>xct naxnnan »3E>3 onaix t»x» iibkv n?a T*3yn niaipa

na oan 13X3 xin "pan oxi na >tzr i*nai x>x.5V1T 13'K »3 D»nnX 0»T3"T IK TT3T 7»3 '&!> 1> DS3X

*m n»ya imx3 nax 131 e?»na x>i ]»3a x>i»X71 IPTim *131 7 T3P '33 ?>tx nrn'TM Si x»?n

i3ina nxx' wbztw a"yKi o»o?»nai o»yn' cnantbd'ht cnn »3 nax *no T»3ys t«3 't 'ax "j«?k an. 10

nnp dk 3'pm naixa D»ni» orx D»naniijna»t?xin 'x-ri y-Tim *i3i ncrtw xV> n>3» oxi n»3w x>

n»3> o»3>in na> n»3yn nsoa3 naxi o'»n»ud»33 >3 >yi i3»>y D»om o»nan iwp3»a? »"T3 nnspnCV03 n»T37 nax» ix*n ii'^.y 't?np a»>na a»a3n.15nxsr nrzwzrw s"yx 'nian d»3S >3 >y x>k nax D3»xw•131331 n>m n>3p »d »x*ti rc*;nai xin jit isina

jit xin i»3».m nT I'iys [iyi»] miaa. nyn»in3i33n n>3pn »S3 7T>y »m©a o'nipn D»3»3a>

nmn mpa msiTi nyn» ©ssn o>3s >3 >y »3 03axi.20yson »>y3i i»>y nixm i'Vy n>3xna x»m nTn o>iy3

axn nnn »3 iwsx 'xw na nsin ht Kin -jK»n nmsi3i nasn "ma nT »xsi [n*3xna] no nT »X3 Vsxnai aamwai

ipn«7» nT >y mx *)in© is »>3 noiws mis x»n©o»n >yis yi»> o»a»»a d3»kb7 on3 nxws mw9oni.25

(V).2 .0317 13K3 (>),(3S)|*V33 J3X3 ( O) , (xs) , (xi) .1

Jl> ns3x na (3d),(ks),(ki).6 nas3 naxs (3),(>).3 wB*»33y>;i (s).? ,n»> ns3K *xa (o)|na >x 131? ennx onsin T'3 (k"0,(xa)|Tn3 t nwpn iwx ny (3s)|nax Tioa (xt).10 .T*3a i3»xi''- x> n>c7>© dxi (p).12 .n»pm nwx (3)|no7pn new nai (o),(3a)

^XTi »3 y»-nn> (o) ,(xn) |o»yn»w »xii3 y»-nn> -\i ib?t»9.15 .n»3yn3ny (>)|m*ayna fiy naxi (3), (39). 13 .o'»y-n»i>3P nnai n>3p (a). 17 .nxxi* ^93n^ (>).16 .max ix»n (3),(o).19 .nyiT nnna (x).18 .i>3p n3i33 n>3p (3>|nT 7*3y3>y naxi (xs)j«iian *y nam (o),(V),(xn).21 .o»>'3B?aV (a)

»X3 (3a)|'X7i ns'nT-»K3 (x).23 .nax' (o),(>).(xs).22 .Tianix (3),(>).24 .axn *pa .it »X3 (3),(>),(xa) |>3Kna mi nT

.D'yim o»a»wa (3),(b),(>) ,(ks>).25 ."rnK Tin©

33,T :3TK .13/a :ni3T3 .3-^-

3/n» rmsna .7x/to :n»3yn .14

54

[x/X' TT]nsD xinw pain 1903 im» 'nana naa ht nai intpyai.l

»n» na»?zra nwx »sa -pixn Va ia »n8nsn nnx-an »ayo7133m maipa naaa a»3»3yn >y ninVrx 7a >yi

*nanV nao> 7»xi lanaxc? na >aa >m t *isn »nsn naxma'aaxsi o'a'pi nan on >"t *i3n 'nan >ai nsnn nanx.5

en 'a on'nai> D»3»axan *nc?xi on'nwx on'nannnxx inK wssn Dn»3TiyV mai cnx»ana> dhm'ttT x»n ia nnx> i»>y nVaxna x*n enana

n»an>i nyn>i >ix»> w» 7x33 nsoaa nnyan 'na

naattrttf nVnna 'mynn naa *a n»3"3yi n'3»n i->2v na.10»ns x»ncr nnnosn n3T>y»n n>y»a nips imxa min*mynnw naa waa naam 7»y3 x^ii n"apn >» i*©ya

x*n na«?3n oxr ia>2t3 Dnxn nx D»n*x xna'i [max] moanaxyy in *yn» ix'n T3»a rmas x'ni a*n>x o>xax>x s/aa i>» nan xrn© m»in imx'xa n»in nany>.15o>iya x*n nao/an »a naann »>yaa nxp 7x33 maxn"apne?ai "pan n.i>a^a na>a>nai "pan noxaa run

nsnn n3»x naiVaVa mno>i n3aa nai>a^> n»on> nsn•»a 03axi n"ya o?ns3C7 na3 nsrra Vvvk-ktit wx3 x>x27X3 no333 nm»na »ii>it m»x n3i>a>i xarmn mayn.20

nas n3© 7op naxa 7»eny» xnnsaVoa tia» ia> ff'i

miKD »3sa wxa »nViT yma i3»x naa imxinxxasn naay Taa n»n x»n© xnnsaVo nmxa X3 naan

nasnai ffxn nso naa ©x nmnVim n'aiaTn »ni3n3waa x'nw naenm ©X3 x>x psnn 7'* ninn »iay.n.25

hiaan naxm (a),(p)?(>),(x9).(xn).4- .iayo *n3na »ax (a).1

,(xs).6 ,enn> 7*xi (p) > (>) f (39),(xs)|inax^ na >as (39;,Cxs)09>&ivn (a)|yai©n »n#x (a)jsn*n3nV o*Ptiivn (p),(o),(>)j(39).11 ,7?3y na nmynn> w» (a)|nnwyn »sa (o),(xn; .9 .nn'nana

(p)lxna'i mo3 (x).13 .*ts on mawan (3),(>) s(xs)|nnTaa (»

(p)|n3n xnne? »a n*>in mx»xa nxy> (xn).15 .xns'i naix mo3>ia»33 xxasi n»3in3 n»n' »aa (p)l.in»im ims'xai innax Dsy>(3),(p),(D),(»,(3a),(xa),(3s),(XD).18 ,x>x iaxy> nyn ncny.21 ,.»n>iT i3»x (o).20 .©X3 'n>iT (o),(xn).19 .n»3yn> nann

;:.:-:: na>3i (a)|D»«7iyw D'naix© xnn3a>oa (3),(xa).(3s),(xn).25 .nsay laa n'n3 x'nar (a).23 -Top yner naxa (o)|xnn3a>oa

.0X3 >n>iT (o),(a),(x9)

55

[a/x' «n]T'KB? naai nas nnx >y ©x oipaai rcxri m>m.1

T»iyn max ns' o'39 >a >yi wxa ['n>it] nai>3>a nmno»t»- a»'wn iffx 'S3 i»3»n Twaiyi oana i'3yn m *no3 «ns»3

'aV nooan 1103 'i»nni n>nm isnxsa? naV nitnai nw a

Cempn >"Tn nnin naa [n3'3y nai ] -|>n nsxi x'n.5

la nnxx nnx navan 'a m >y dh'tsos 7T>y »nwa.x'n ox epan

na>in x'n -n-T-a—aViya o'aiB o'was nyi>a-i—ni3i naT

>ai o"nn mxa mat>i ow nynnV n"apn >» i'3i» li>D'Tia o>i3i nxm nsian nn> »» o>iyn '3a

op'TJina n3B?an 'aan] 'laia 'n'xn >ax n»>y>na i»3y naxi >as?n iciaa dio»>i a>iyn '33 [ioiaa.1Qnr maan on o>a mo>i»n >a '3 xin 'X-n naxn xim

-nxn mara it xin nVya >w c>iyntf 9"yxi »ira

maa Vax ©aa mxa cayB naa *im' Ti»>ynnai nnx xaan on oVa i>xa i>x nunani m>yanT3ya >M Tn *ox© »sa 7x33 e?' mama 7x33 WC7.15

d'Vuiv 07'G7 awa inn' nV man© T»ya n'i33n d'^dit07' liy 7a noa> o?' onaans nVya> d'>biv w» "|a noa>

7iya 82i' mam nM apn >o? i'3iy 7a xim n>ya>7fy oa a?' nr 1'ya nM ya moa ansa nwxa impc7n>.20larm isnx imai nax inn o^yn 'p>n oipaa noa>

B7» inx nns naxi 7n maipa naaa i>b D'nnsmnxuT© Ti'ac? naxi n>saan mya> iiao *py fa> i>

n>saan myaa 110333 nan ma x'n dx mana issan

D'3'3yi mam >"t iem 7x331 Tiffxin cnx> nyaai.25

(^.C^OI-ion rSs'i nan] (x)»5 s t»X3 BX '3 (p)|e?X3 K>X (x) s 2

nawan a'asn (x).9 .>3> (o)|i'»a™ iaa (a). 7 .'3 ni T3y >y

.11 ,>3C7n noias on>y iaa> dtx '33 (a). 10 ,'ioia3 D'p'Tnns(o),(>),(a).13 .v>i&r\ ni3T3 (p),(o).12 .nra nr xaan C^5,(>).16 .nax 7'3ys (xs).15 ."«oioa >ax (p)|o'ays nasi nas.25 ,o>iyn p>n (>).21 .»» nr T'^^a (a).20 .Tin' (a), (a)

.nann nuni (p)

(n^nnna) n3 sc?in nniT .5x/n :n'ayci ; a/a» :na»an ; a,aap :o»>nn .16x/Tap :db? ; x/xs :d© ? a/T3 :*x ^^^T .22-23

Tap,i :o© ; X3,x rxainsn3 :nry>x 'a*n »pns ; 3/121 ,k :nn nmr .25

56

owa» *axi 03 vixn>i ana i3i> i3> tk i»x.1d»i nm oViya xinw T* inixs 00333 nawsn ,

n kh nam /psya nxs 'ni3«n*i maiyna'aixi n»>y sixpn tot mix >a arc iiynnV ]i»Vyn[mnx] nyi> lany-r i*won>.i»K »3 »naij?n 133 »3.5

n>3p D*3sn imr i>3p i©x viipii "p»!?y Vx nyi> »n>iT>i»ni no»39 on'im >ai ©»k »sa b?»x »3»oa nyn»

nT3 n>ana nrpn© ©33n »xn '3 naxi -|>ann3»x isina hkxi'bd »>sn n?3 msen van an>3non> >T30>r *i»>yn iniT iin> i»a osanV.IOxnsn 13 >yi ona n>ana nn»n x>» n3i»>yn

xan oViyn T»ya xine? yixsv iiy T3. ma navaao»>nan o'inwn i>a 7x331 n>ya [o>iyn] 7*ya xaim

03C13>1 7X33 0T3Tn> » 1 XI 7»X 1WX D'TClOSn D»3»3yi[nns] x>i n»an D»aan ivx o'inpm n3»ci33.15

x»n i»3y ni »X3 navan 7»ay >y o»an D'^ni onn>ana ri*nnw iy navai nyn»i [nxm] dw maiy

Ti*>yn a>iyn naa.ii anv o'»a*39n o'3'jym o»n»xn [omxs]: TViip 7 i»ni:;iii&i- sni* ansVas n«73>na x*n ix»n naxi'iVs >w ipi>n d>c73 x> i»*iy T3311 *pi>n an3>a imx>.20

Dn'inos i>a 1B7X 7x3 »* b»!nia o»ino »xn »3oaaxi ]i»>y »mva D'>»awa> Q»yn* o'S'ayiTami o»a»n irnx >3 ow naiyna x»n nawan »3

7am nx>a oi»ai '»» n»a nm>y ovn iy n»>y itasn

d>i yn

57

[3/3' "IT]

«l»6m Dim i>3»n3 npa>i '" oyiaa mrn> n>ya> n>iy.1ni> TTna? OTip n> n'n x>w no Ti3ar mm na

x> i»y t»x o"nn inata minx n'nn ovi oViyn>kt nsTm man wsan n>ya pn cn>x nnxn

mi o»ays>i ©sa o'aysV 'iax3 T3»y3 nrcp'.5'3 *niaKo no >y ptj?t» [»3'xi ] na«?3 o'ays>n

piTpT iniKa *nwn x> airc n>nna 'npTpm >'xmn>yn x> voam V'xrn naxn oxY innn -nsraa 'n>iT

x'n x>x cnn inia' nini m»n> cana oipa> TaD3n *ax<* naa n> «r» foian] na ytk> noa> mii».10

>y »3 n>ya> x'n n>i»n DTxn '33 nn nv 'ai o'Tinhttt nrnax nnxi nVya> n>iy» 'ax xm o'3s >a

Ytk> rioa> x'n [nm»n nanan] mil nana ytnV noa>nso i3'ni3Ki layav d»3s >a >y »a ensn t»x la ok

k>3 Ta n>ya> n>iy naxs x'n p'Txn nawa 'a ta>.15coyia om n»>y '33 'n'XT oann 'axi >>a aisy [on©]>"y x>t t» »Km T3a >*»yT }xa 'xn 'axi i'3yn d"oi

>xtc7' ytx >w nnaw 7'3y >y nan Tiyi na xVa->:: nsinaiTTHT m>K i> ?w*w »aV> naiT >x*w YTxa tth

oi'n 'a? via, '3 *axw i»3y3 m>K iV T'*» sa> naiT.Yix>.20D'inx o»n>x nay t> iax> •»» hVnaa nantina'aixi inx nun una *" n>rraa -snaa' tnnv >y

oipaV n>iy x'n >xiw» y"»»" oikti nava ntcxTisao'>«niff n'»>y tx »3m>y> Tnx mio T'xi ncimaa

nwy» in>iT a»ri>x (xa).4 .xsnv onp (p).2 .nine? ovi (p).113'xi (3)|pTpTa »3xi (x).6 .na»3n n>ya (a)lvBan- cn>yaa

ana* (xs).9 .man nyva (xa).8 .'narrpm >'xin (>).? .pTpTa.12 ,-iaix sim d'tth (V).11 .n> w» wsan na (x).10 .o'ana

aiw ^.>a (xi).15 .dth 'nan (x). 13 .x'n mm»w *oix (>),(xs)d"di xai (p).17 ..V*y aan (xs)|Ton [oie?] (x).16 .anay

.20 .Tiyi naa 'xm T3 x>a >"y xVt t«» *«n (a). 17-18 .T3yn'aa nan (a)'3icna ]3 on

O'TITX DTX »33 DXT n"yT *X1 H1>X 1> T'X (p)(p).21 .'3iena '3 n"yaa tit 'axw 7'3ya (a)

»93 (3).23 .enas n'n© >y (3)?(p),(^),(o),(xt).22 .nnsnona

.mo n> Txi (p),(o),(xt)|T'xi T'a nnniDB (3).24 .oTxn

t,T3 :o'>nn .1

a, to :n'y©' .3-4>pwan TS03 k/t *]T3 oa T'y ; 3/as :'x nmT .7

xa,.a :n>np .11Off .13

3/tx :i*TTn3o ; a/na :nao .16

3/'P :ni3in3 .19•T9,i3 Mna '3TT msx ; B',i3 :'x >xiaw .20-21

58

[«/!» Tr]Ytx> nxnna nam -r»a n>iy x»r» *»e)>i nM apn »n>iT.1

m>y> nVi3» nav3..n T*a id >yi nnx mens nomens nx3t»e? [ny] o'ViiVa, na33 nVaVana *3 faixm *i3i o»>iy line? -iTy»>x *n >y naxi inx

>xne?» TTKa [napn>] D'X'aa thb/ o*na >e? mmK.5nxin> Dnae?3 xs'e; i>x> V*snn na it»'>k 'n 'axxiip »3X Vsx [ist*] inma3 ist x> Dn»'n3 ynxV

n»33 i> »nn *i3i »snx nx ixaDm ixsm nn^y>.w na»3 naxs »d o»3»3y na33i o»3'9

nea> Tim m>y> nsavnzw naix nnxi] T»a m>iy o»p»7x.10.nr >3 >yi [ynxV

inVxen >ixe?> nao*n »3 lay '»» i»3n>i ny*r> i> w»»33m naann tsix >y m»v»v-nni33i 113133

omo >sm D*3»3y -natpa o*nax i3*e?a»> nxsn x> mVxem *33 *3 TnK laia

nViyc i> rma >3xi n>isw xVx i»a n^iye? n»m.15'KT13 o»oyia om n»>y »'3a '»n.»»n oisnn -'axw'nai

men x>3 o»0333n omx on D'oyia '3 xin »3n»a T'Kff *n»i *n» oem »3 nvr» lasi on»»Vy nye/3

nuraa p*"rs '*sx T?a la Va i»3.b> D3an> Vi3»e?

ji»>yn iiM D33n> oya oya ia3ty >»xi»» iy i3»3T.20n»n xV 1'iro »3E)a i3»3i nera nxi33 nVnns *3

»n>iT m»xan x*-i>p90xn inir i»>y n>a.a x>i hnai> n»>i3 inx^i Vxma n">7\vi iv m*xa n3»xe? *ps°*<

>3 oyi n3on ima c/x r»3>3 tVx *'»»ix!?a kti *3w

|n>ia» n3»K naeom inx mens. (o)|n>i3' n3'x (xs),(xi).2.5 .ixn 13 o»>iy i*ne? (a). 4 .nxx'er >y (x).3 .nay> (xs)(x).7 .nanna (p) ,(V),(xt).6 .nap> i'«»30 (3)|ni3pV (x)

»xtic m»xi (a.). 9 .^ax xnip >3x i3t» imas (3)|i3T inma3|i»a n>iy (xs),(xn).10 .Tnae?3 *xn »a (o),(xsj),(xt)

|]nae?3

n»3'3y (p). 10-11 ,ht >3 >yi mVy> mssyna 03'xi va (x)yiK> noa> nm nssyna n3»xi va n>ya> n>iy anae?3 oni3Te?

Insen'a nni33i nsi33 (s).12 .Vixe?> roem '3 (>).11 .ht Vd >y(a),(xs),(xT).14 .natips (a),(>),(a).13 .naci'a (>),(3s)

.Dci">y nye?a (o),(xi).18 .n>iy naersne/ (xs).15 .nVxwe? m>xe?nnnx!?i (o0^(x9),(xt).23 .tix> 03an> (3).20 .Vstb? (3),(>).19

,n>y 13

7"n,09 d»x>3 :»a>em> ; x :n3T xnp»os .4131 :ri3T ri'e/xns

3/tx :i»TTii30 ; 3/na :n30 .163/oa :oio3' .22

3,3. smoe; .24

59

[a/a' tt]-\> »in o»n>xn >x o»ana kt »3 T3s nwa ino'i nr.1ni'xa na'iw *p30K -p na i> n>33«7 oM yx »3 nVnna>ma n»n x>e? >y rama 0333 -ry-ii nxT 73 s"yx

>pj i'3'va m»n> inyra 03a' >xi n>y is inx>isina 03an> o»3iTn on »ai »a »a ynxa 7iy ia> 7*3y.501 pan Kin x"ii3 nai lama w> iy-n nx*r m >a oyi

nni3a [ht] oipa »a D>iyaw [moipan] ikws jit 7»xi ninD»Ti»2£n >a »a oaaxi in^yaa Kin >73ia mat?3n

iny 73.3 on o>a n>ya >s? iiy 73.3 on 7«?k o'3»»3ymD'>nn o'KTis on D'3"3ynvD'iTxn 7111x1 noa >©.10

B?"»cy naa »n>iT lama >3non> av 7»x i»x maao>na©3n 73 >yi o>iyn ma xaan 0© xaam o»3"3yi d'its

[lia^V hnn] n*nw 'a '3 onn D»xii3n o»3"3yn >iao> >ain[nyw »s> mxn] i> D»3ni3 ox Tttns

na >3 Via' x> cjya oya i> 7»3ni3 [x>x Van Tax»i] inyi «pon'*1573 >yi mixy n^sxa xx» hna n»n© nnx>i -|wnn 7a

mxn nmr -no '3 osaxi 7i»>yn [nniT>] Ta 7*0333 7»xx> 7»y d'P'-tx Vw ina»3> Tisan aion n>ya >w 7i»>yn

7»axn> i3> o?'i [*>> nsna> n©y»] -]n>iT cn^x nnxT»a naxa nytVi

imxT cnn -inx no xm n>ya >«/ 7iy 73. 20o'P'ix >w moE?3i Tan 13 ysn n"3pnw xm un

n>ya >tf 7^y 73 inn m»Ta 7»3iT3i 7»3n3i um m*inatiain> 0333n ?iya xsi'n nnsn i»t mxa »o>it i3'x©xin» xsn o>iyn nioa »a»33n -imn nix 13 vwnyx

nxns (>),(xs)|i> nxT3» s"yx n>nri3 '3 (3). 2 .xin »nn (xs).1(a)lxVff '3sa (p),(o),(>),(as).(xs)|io333 iyn (a). 3 .t>x

(a),(>;,(x3).5 .inyia n>y >x (a). 4 ,>a-nn x> j"-ryff nai >yw» tyn (xt)|>tt3 iyn (3),(o)|>iTa xmai Tyni (»<s).6 .ynx3©

;; Vw 7iy 733 (>).9 .nmsa oipa »3 o>iy3© oipan (x).7 .73103,(x9),(xt).11 .n>ya> oipa "?m i»3iy 73,3 (p),(o) |n>ya> oipa.13 ,0'3»3yi D'lTX Off (XS).12 .>30B7n> 0B7 1WX tl1K793/» (o)oipa (x).14 .i©n3 >»an n»nw (x)Jo»xni3n o'wyan Vi30> (3)(x9).16 .0X1 inyi nnon (x).15 .va >iT3 mx 13 vr>v iay>

.22 .Ton [*i3i rimv'i (x).19 .7i*>yn tix> (x),17 .>3*na n»nwt:^ 73 ii'Ta o»an-3 (a)|n>ya >w 7"T» T a. tti (d),(>),(39),(ks)

nniTi (a),(>),(aa3,(xa),(a9).24 .rains 0333 (>).23 -7"ry

oViyn iniT nsa »a»3sn nni? (p)jx3n D>iyn -imr nioa o»3»39n.xan o>iyn nniT tioo (o),(xs)|xan

i ,i :maer .1

T»,na :n»wxTa .63,70 :n»yff» .18-19

60

[k/t *n]cn^x nnx7 k> t*y 'axa i»>yi n>ya V» 09impn iznp.1

09>3ipan D'aan> omoi Tisa 7io im ttv ia 7'3* "inVir

Tny^i i»T3ai i»ai>K 7101 via '3'3ai Tn »yn»niTTlOO D»3'0 Hi3D3 nnp' D»33Km

D»>wn» 7103 n» mnswai ow [msns] mae?3m.5n'.nna n?38? iijd a»mns an ornyemi n»i33n

>y >"Tn 'ax non ht >yi 093133 dh T>y 7wx ni3i»>ylaxse? D»Tn ny3«? >y maiy K*ntz? noa >e? d'^iton nwx D'nn nyac? am n> [3930] 097,7 o*>tzm9

xwx [>Ki(?' ciitot n»yj] 'ox on»>yi mini nai»p.107»xa o*7nn >x '39

tkh> al>3 nx V>i3 Kin' insn mix »-a osaxi »TTy xa'nya© >y iaiy oViync/ >"Tn *x 7ion nT >yi n»3s nay 5>x

may >y» -'i> nrni nyaiz? n'Tiay naatn *3b? o»nayo>iy 7io* p'lati '3© law p'lm [iaiy] 7nx

dip* *ai *" ina nVy* »a inx T3yi inx 7io >am.15n>ya >w Tiy ta iht '»» nna n>y» *a >"t wm ienp oipaa

Tiiaa mT«? ncsa >ff I7y 7* "in? isnp oipaa Dip* *ai

n>iy Tx D'39 >a >y »a nTa [naT.»}nTa narw *a nT 7a33•»> inns noxT»3ya 09710a d'P'tx *n>iT ona 0333

la ixa* D'p»72 *»»V nywn nT n* mix 03 X3X p7x 'ny^,20ianp Dipas na»p 'axsi •.»<» 7n3 n*>y 'axs >"rn 'axi

D*nT?x ian 7nn xin nm 3ion inn »a vnx 73 ['»»] tna n*>yminx ma»3n nwx iisa^n nysai >3c?n nn n3tz?>

Xin *»» 707X3 Dff 731 X7p3 7ian 7n 131J13

o'ann o*7nn yaw >Visn 7nn xim a©. 25

*3»3ai in *3*3a (p).3 .110 xin nT Y7X3«? nT itv 7a (ks).2.6 .DU7 msns (p)|nnn3 mawsm (x).5 .ny7 *3»3ai (>)|y7a

n»3 »7iay T>y 7«?x (3)|o*3i*>y (o),(x7).7 .nnys nyser (>)

o*y3] (K)|nnm mini nai»p (3). 10 ,n> 3*3oa (x).9 .0*3133D»7*xa D*3p n^er 7K7X mmcan miias o>3 (3), 11-12 .Ton [*i3i(d).17 .maiy (p)|7ay3 (x).14 .n*3s 73y >y (a). 12 .nsy >y

-C' 4 '! (X).22 ,0n3 03331 (0).19 .i73T (x).18 . 1C77P 7n3 Dip*7ai K7P3 (p).24 ,n3i3>n nysa (3),(>)|m3C7> (3),(p).23 .7on

,o»7nn ny3«7 »i3n (a),(>).25 .o^ n*n* 7wx3 ov

a, 70 :n*y&7* .1

a,33P :o'>nn .6' :7Ty*>X *377 'P79 .?

x,K3p tD'Vnn .10T>,n3 :m.aw .11-12

3/39 :na.'an ; x,o :'>K7o .133/39 :na9an ; ns,* :*>B?a .14

a, 73 :o*>nn .153-09 >n 9p :D9>nn .19-20

x' iioTa :09>nn wna .21T9,no :09>nn .22-23

61

[a/T «n-]

13 >yn -rnx p»ix »m [>y] tna »>a o»xwam D'oin.1

ID »3 »xn •nffip oipas [na*p] ax3 n>yo> noaa n»>y 13 »»

x»m «i'ian la nxxm navanv -inxa ytkdo? 'i? ia »a xin

ynxa© iny ia nt3 na*p n> a?* »xm nap ia mm a msxal*ry la nnn Ttnaa o>iyn »p>n >aa inaia oipa mnv.5

o»ain o*inn ia m>ap »s>3 iaaa ys«73vn>ya V©[maaianna] ow nynn> n>i*ra na»p n> «r» fa >yi D»kwani

n>ya >«? o»m»x ni>»aia >a-inn>i >'3B7n>i nyi> nmaVanavn Dips >x n>yn oya oya a© nVama x»nw inxai

V© maan tts o» i-rynn>i cnn mnsa mnx nmn>.10mm nas mp'Man nrmsatn in d»> -jwasn xan oVny

133>3 vyi na*39 i>an >a»na oaaan o'yai Tana nann'man *aix Van x>n »naxn naxn nn>i Vxert*

DC? nnmn> p»7xn naao x»n» n>ya> n>iy x*n naffanw

n>3'n3 npaVi '" oynaa nmnV o"nn msa nmi2r.15l»ix-i on >xiw» 'Ton ixtzn maxn »3 iaym naxai

13 ox D"nn mnxa mnx nnmnVn n>yaV *a»a m>y>ynxaw ify ia >y 'aix >"Tm »i> ia yiznn' *n '3 13'xt

nnx >3*m o'xnpn wxns yim [>s»n.a] ov -niaxnvpisn 'na >a inx >3»n3i nae/n 'inn >3i >xiw» 'von >3.20

m»y nnxsvotfxm nan oi>paxnnT3 o»mo» iVapw imx To nnxs m3>a unn

[>ye?] naxn oxi max c^ni D»a»ay nasi o>iynyenn» *n Vst x> *3 oiVcn on nT 'axa n>ya >© i*ry ia

73 Vy d© 0333 ntz?x3 "pan iain3 ow 03sn> m> 13oy on D»p»72 V© inaao >3ff 'anx nnx ox.25

(x)|noa>a (xs),(xi).2 .-ion [>y] (x)|'"y -mx »>d (p).1oipoa na^an (a). 3 .noaa nxan» nawan© n»>y (a)|non [na'p],7 .inVapi mV3» »sa (3). 6 .nnsa onpa (xs).5 .nxxT twtp

(3),(p),(>),(x9),(xn).8 .myianns Tiynn> (p)|mai3nn3 (x)

(3). 9 .noo >» o'm*x (a)|ni>ni (a)|n»a (3a)|ny7> n>mam (xn).H .t'tbdb (o),(a),(xs),(xn).10 .n'Vy oipa>man nps> (a). 15 .o'P'ifxn na»3 (>),(3d) ,(xs)

|maipan

Dnnsx (a),(i?),(D),(a),(aa),(xa).(>),(3s) 9(xs).16 ,>3'n3

(3),(p),(o),(a),(3a),(xa),(V),(as),(xs).19 .apym pnat'

Vxn©' Cxa)|m«7y tnxm (xs).20 ,>a»nn (x)|3pyi pnx» nm3X.03in3 nan oi>p3X (p),(3a) |o»a«7 f^T an?>y i^ap© iniK >ai

.24 .>3>a? naxn (x).22 ,o«?n nc?np >y ousi noot? >3i (a).21(3s),(x9)|.mnai «na3 ow (3),(D),(>),(3a),(xa),(as),(x9)

• la ox

i,T3 :n»>nn .15y»m' 9T3T n^ya ; (3,x oip>') as-33 :iiy la pns .18

l

x/xa :*x inn ; (>~na iaip ©ma) oa-na :m> 13a/Top :'a -mm j x/nsp :ow

62

[x/io «n]noa> imx ina »a o»»nn nnx3 mni onas n"3pn.1to nit»y> on o'ixn »3 ht iiy ia »>3?n3 mpipnnnnx jtiawJ m»n>i o*3V naa oi'na fa i*a l*a

nuns Lnn] nDa> invn> x>i n>ya> o"nn inxao>iyn '33 [an] *aixw na x>i any iv 'myrinw na aT t»k».5

x><& na >na nai nun* ht [m»pn>] xan »a [-jV] yinoyoB? »a »n>it naya naxn inn >y i> 3*em> "i>ai»

TaT nr i»na Vy nsyan yr»V in >axi pain oyonan' iV yia»> naiTn new inosi x>s3 >ni

D'3'3yn >a >y vnivni ipyn yi'i [n>na] nan iaxya.10i3"n«7 na> nrnai. 13 >a aina> T'ixn 1'n ircx n>xn

liv Tan nT tio> 033'> nairn na©an ]»ay'>y [nix'aa]»iaa xim ynxs w» Tiy la »a 'ai> wi nea >©

pya mp» Tax '3»a >aan »sn»a mapna m>a*na131 Cain mn'-n o«aoai ni3>'xn o«n nm o>iyn.15

ia-w»i ni aio nyrn yyi ian "pna cnn yyD'inO 'T33.1 D'XT13 0'"1T2M D"0'39 D'131

[n>ya '>w Tiy fa. 7ioi] n>ya Ve? Tiaan o>iyn T'yaYTxn *acn' »a 'aixi

Tan iina o'»nn yy o'xm pima nr cxn iT>nannn on> ow d»xtii ym aio nnn yyi.20

fays onaans omma o'3iaipn it 'aan 'a naxi nasnnanyanxn ixii nm oipan >y i?t 3i<P'n 'p>n *?pur

xVa>x© in»3 onxy inpVi ova D'xxi'n nnna'73 T3-3 "iwx cnn yya oa nnp>i aw> n3>> i>ai'

ja '>a'na mpipn noa> omx m>y> i'n (xs).2 .nnns (xs).1(x).5 ,nxT3 x>n (x).4 .cpipn (p),(>;|m>y> i'n n? ny

,(xs).7 .>xb?> xan (*)|mpwn> (x)|iDn [-]>] (x).6 .ion [an].oyan yi'i (a)|n<z?yan yi'i ins >ax (a;. 8 .ttt >y a'u?n> (a;

m>a> O0|na»naa -mVy> o"ixn (3),(o),(>).11 ,>na (x).10.o'aisyn '3'a >33i (a). 14 .mx'33 (x).12 .ia Vy (>)|n3»n33(x).18 .D'xmai o*x3 o'ttxi (3)lo'nnoi D'T3ai (3),(V).17

.Ton [*iai omxna] (x).21 .non [ 131 tioi]

a, a i^npm* .83 n*B7Xi3 j'3iyac7 oip>» .14-16

; x,t :mann man T9oa o'oipV .213p «qT cnpn >pw nso

63

[3/TD It]ins ITT i3>m nay o»-inK> oa i>'3K>i o>iy> i»n»ff.1

>xk >»a »xna omipa db7> iy»anw iy nT?ya> msnasn maK »tki is-itf3i annn on> jniK om> Tan

>k camp on d»3s >3 >y '3 o'siaipn D»si»nTan D'3->j?na i»n urnin »»3n Dai naxn "P"r.5

Vacx nsnp nn»n inasm o»Tai>i o»yai8ni bo^iki o'lnsn D»a3nn--^-K3—f3—"inKi naxn

on> i»ki ny-rn -raiK ["PT3 nasn inp>i] "in:miny iinsni »d n'anai isnnina i»3yi 7s

0»K-|131 0>K>93 D'^ni 0'131 H3 ff» yiKSW HT .10ntn o>iyn naans moan »noa >i>3 Kin »3 >yrin»3» o'laiy mK "no >yi Kan o>iyn naansi>3i noa> nti n>ya> n? n>nn3 i3TaK© na '93

i3Tan© nas »ti Knps niacin o>iy ana tnKnns n©K 71331 >»3«7a >3> m i»3y3 ia-niynm.15

_ pi i»3ya Kin 'tf'^OTl p^nn .nnn T>yD3na3 niacin wsyi

na3.ii no Kin on noa >© osna inai noa Vwnyi> i> ©» [n>ya V» osna Kin nai] n>ya V© osna

Y"ik> noa> osna ©» '3

liy "[i-wv '-niynnp iasi n>ya >» osna naan3.20osna &?» 13 ias n>ya >w no naans Y">k^ noo>

ow >yi oian 73 K»a Knpsn oipan Kin© x"\xn noa>Kim in 'HT o»>»3©a> ii33n -non 'S3 osna Kips nr

*K2ia> 11331 >na -no Kin ntn i»3yni np>n ©x

i>»nnm ony '(p), (0) |yn iiVn> n>»nna o'-mKl? (3),(>).1.3 .oipaV 3np (3)|in3ip3i o«7> imp iy*inv (*).2 ,-p>n>

,(xd).4 ,D'3ianpn o»3i'n it3K »?ki (a) |oniK on»> (3),(p),(3£>),(kd).5 .i'n o'3np o'3ia-rp on oniK (p),(>),(3a),(3s)

1K3 (3),(a),(xa),(39).(K9).7 ,i3min 'asn oyi (3),(>)13 ©» (>).10 .n> I'ki (K3)p3-T3 nasn ip>m (k).8 .cmnxn

nnx Kaan noaV nn (3),(p).13 .'naa »13 (p).11 .o»n3-r

(3),(>)|non [*i3i Kin nai] (k).19 .nas 'kti (3).14 .in>• Y">K3 noa>

*\i cnpn >pw T90 .1-5(o>y3n una) 3/ip :'k inn .17-18

3>,t :n»an» .22

64

[x/to n]o»y«n Vw me?B3> nsaia man nnian oxn »a ny*r.1

nnn in >y naoaa x»n own it »a oaaxV oo oi?'3yn>

n>ya ^w mo»n wxn rowan ova [*n»] man miK>"t 'nynnip hti pnx» ins nxnpan >xao ma x»n«?

'3 oana >o mnsa 'axi m>»>a -rnsa nsx piosa.5naxe? inn n>ya >® nana naoan -nzraa man imxaovarnawaas? imff>

_ ya-Daaxr 'awa xnaa—oatia >"rnnarcan nawaa

men ©xn no oya >an m»n> noa >rc oana.>

[ix«7a] mi' prnr »a»as [pi] ox xino nax iox«inp> n>ia' ia b?» irmai ipim irnpi >yi mvK.10

nVya 'a anipia mpi ane? s"yx cnarcan nnrnaoan mxxno mpana inv n>nan oxn it

©xn nmx >yn xinn oipan axiw iaaai noao'yan «un >y t"xi -nana nyia xa '»» oi» nan 'axa

myo nan nT >y 'ao piosn.vKia xin i»aym >nn'.15>*»n> D»yon oxt Vy »mna nyoi nxan» nan '»»

>y >"Tn naxi nana nyia xinc/ Di'n imxa >amnoa >w oan'a. nay oaax »a Dan»a.a o»y«n wxn

>e? MTP'n oxn nawana laipa myian ©xmrnox nxura inn >a>3D pi #x xino i^aa n>ya.20m ejnoVi >iax> arxn nnlxa n>na* ff» fa ^ina »a oaaxi moi ia»ay 'sa nnn xin© pimxs» maoano mpan iaik »a n>nna 'mvnn

Dipan nmx "nya xxnn nnan naa laina

xnan (x)jxnan mx innn (>)|'n» xman mx (p) ,(a),(xs).3.*inxV 'a naxi (a). 7 .»a n>»» nane? aana. Vo (a). 5 .xnarp

(x).9 .noa V«? Dana> naoan naoaa noa nVya >w oana. (xs).8(>).*12 .maoan na (a),(xa).11 .nxoa im' pTm *a»39 in ©xpiay "pay Vaina (aa).24 .iVn» (>).15 .naaai (a). 13 .mossn

.na naa (>)|naa omaa o'p'tx w» i»ayn nTa >na.

a/op :maa» ; n,a :o'TB/n nw .5mw »»n :xainan ; t,t :nan n»©xna .7a :nTy»Vx »an »pis ; x/T3 :D'nos

o'»,a :'ax>a .14aa,> :do ; o',aa :n»an» .14-15

aa s > so© j o»,aa :n'av .16Tap :D3na naoa .17-21

65

[3/TO «|t]©Kn imxa ys©i na >3pa Kin ©aa oipan miK.1

>13K> n>i3' 13 ©» isma ys©3n yawn iniK nam] mo»nnap >k Kin n>3K ©k vn>K »a ni3K I'jys cnnx ©k

nt Vy Tan [©aa n>3K ©kntn oipan©'i»3V;©K;n>3iK ©k ©' *3 mpan©aa nn >3ik id 'Tien ©Kn nsa ©k >diko»3K>an© nasi DiK ">33 nna >n: Kin©.

5

iK©a im» n3ix»n nnso one? 'a oi»a iki33[n»©KT3 n©ya] V© on© o>a»n ik© n33 iKn33© o»3K>an

n©iy *aK3 mnn o»Knp3 D»3K>an [oniKi]>3tK D»3ipna dhi om> ©k i»mi?a mnn i»3K>apnat» ins mo»n ©Kn nsa ^3pa Kin© nin mpan. 10

ny©a nin Dipan >xk onanpsi istbk n©K3ma3 3 ima3i Dmx nonVa ©Kn m-»© *aiK©DK'jnai oniK nnn is inKVi ©K3 chiysnm»© *aiKi oma©a >y onnm n>nna3

>yi on *»33 f3i ©Kn nniK3 on> D'3>in ormp3i«i5o©3 »D i'3ni innoK nsn onp3> o»©*rn 'aK3 nT

DTK nna >na nn >i3K> n>i3» 13 ©» K»nn ©Kn n3©>13K> na 13 ©'© [noaV] K»nn ©Kn n3©an ]3© >3>y »3 D3BK1 n©3 ,«na -pen ntn o>iy3 73i©n nn

nasi maipa na33 >"n miynn ntn mpan. 20ma© 7103 is n©K (Italian taiki 13 ©» D'nns

o»3sn> [iTa it ni3i©a maipai] mvi *no on© myn'0333© y©n ©» '3 ociKon 3i'n 'S3 my©nn o©mns mix i»o'33a© y©*i ©»i n>ya>] n3i*>yn m»Ta

.maipan iniK >a> 731 [nsaa] noa> [nainnnn

>3iK 13 (3). 4-5 .n>3iK ©k -pn>K •»» '3 naK3 nio'n (k).2.8 ,n>ya (k).7 .cnx '33 ana Kin© (>).5 ,>na K*n© n3 ©aa

f,(p).17 .'3 T3i3nm (3),(p),(o),(>),(kd).16 .oniKns (k)

(ks).22 .i> o©k (o).(ks).21 .n>ya> (k).18 .d-tk '33 nn (3)n3T>yn m»ia (k).24 .nTa nT o»3i©a mpai (x)|nn'n -no

.131 73i noa>

a,o :o© ; -T3,T :d»T3*t .2k/3 :Kai»

-Tap :D3na nsoa ; a nis»>s »3n »pns .3i :iTy>K '3tt »ptd ; n,a :o© ; a,K :n3i n'B/na .5

k/3» :o© ; 3/k» :©tn nniT ; K/ia :'k -rniTk/t-3/3,» :na»an ; ny :nsn n»©KT3 ; n,ip :o»>nn .9

as, a :na»K .16i,K' TiaTa :q'>nn ©Tia ; K/ta» :T3n'y ; 3/» jncsio .20

3/3p :*3 nniT ; 22 :tt»»>k >a-n »ptb

66

[k/t> «|l]

D'Konn m^93i mrm d© t?»3ynV n»aiwnn manpan.1>a x> »a pni xinn »xn nan fno/yn 'T3

[lananm] mp>na 1*3 o»3»a nasa 'a mis? mwxnla '9>i i3>ty rcxn ia n3*x nara >«? rcxn 'a rcxn

nam >y np'n van *3» Tan maann> na'nx nn»n x>.5

la mve? nn»n n>ya>a wxn imxi naan x>

s/xn oxi naTan »aa >y nVanx nn»m a*a©n

D3H'a V» ffx >y nann [>x] n*ya>a mn? nxrn

©xn naai] n>ya >«7 oan'a na©ana ,o»aa;n ia Tina?

[isnax i^x 'sa mil u?x >iax> naa x'nff *-no'n

>k? ffxn 7'3v >y >"t i3mn o'Vitji o»3*3y naai. 10

naoaa xn*xia m»xn nxe?a txp na naran

rcxn nmx -pna »a Q3axi o»an [maipaai] kot>"t 'axe? naa o*am o'Vna o»3"3y d»ki3 th

nmxa rsn l'n n**i3 >apna lanpnw ny«z?a

Tan lanpn Vanx dw yiai nnx mai ©xn.15nmx iina 1'sn l'n >apna lanpn i»x»3i

•py-iT i*n *txi lanpn >aix dip yian a>a manmaia i»3y> nT >ai >aipa osanp T'k»

wxa n3»x© naTan >y«r umn nmx Tioa ynnn>ya >w rax Tioa moi»s «?x x»m i3>w.20

nxnaa ixa xms ©x >xnc7* ixn nmn inaamm nxT DiT>y n>s3 tsxn nmx [nxna] lai

wxn nxT *3c? »aa n*x-in Tina iniy-nn> max xVi -ny nxnx x> nxrn n>nanwxn nmxo; >"tn *axi miff mwxn >a txw.25

(x).8 .Tan (x)|T>na mp>n3 (a). 3 .n»awnn maipan (xs).l

laxia m«?xn tx© (a). 11 .ion ['iai naai] (x).9 ."ion [>xj

una D'xn (a>.14 .minx maipaai (a)|mpaai (x). 12 ..naoaa

c?x x»n (a),(a),(>).20 .ni33-ipn >aix (p) ,(aa) ,(kb).15 .nmx.»aa nxvn una (a).23 .mxn (x).22 .mm'a

i ,i :x-ip»v .5o,a :xain3n ; x/Tap :xnna xaa ; a/xa :xai*' .10-18

x/aVa/a> :'a im? ; T,a :nan xnp'ib'-to,d' :ma© .21

TC3,n' :d'T3T .23-24

67

[a/T> «p]>«? jnae73> o"n namac? rcxn nn»n mm ina ><z?.1

*as? o"nn imra ni3n'> 'i:.n3 mi?3ln D'p'isDB73 Ol'n 03>3 0»T1 ODTlVx '"3 D'patn 0DX1

{>x »»] id npVvri ns-iiun run [n>aixi wx] n>3ix »x w*B7

n>3ix n3'xi wx nxnas nxm3 n^3'3c?3 apVM [n>p].5vvr:Kn,»snaw wxn x»m inert i >iax> n3 na txw oi>amom [wks iyi3 nion nam kti] *ax3i moa ne?a>

B?KnC7 »3 9a>3X133*Xvn nmi>n mwx nxera mica n>p nn»n

ysnx n.33> U7K »3a >y nnnu »xa mamsit »iao7 n> w» nnx >3i n>ya e?x> in>07 mxna.10

H33V ffXI mine? 07X1 n&'11K «7X ini iTanaxy »393 na n> «?» i>xa [nnx] >ai npiT wxi

pxw nyr> T> e?» *»9>i iTa »13»73 iti ITa 'latffa it

>ty cyxn >y msn> T'k is >yi mi© marxn Vaoaaxi naKw laa nn Vi3X> ns na' w»w D3n»a.15

[mxonn amxV o>axn ffxni ixx» »xna] i>a niosan >a>D3 OB7 11131731 ilOa >B7 D3H»aa 11103331

13 mix m«793n in '3 *aix »n»x-ii iny«n7«?x mpan >KTa m>iy o»p»-rxn mt&ssn ti>it

'psoxn i»Ta aw niaiTai n>nna f>nx do? n»n.20ianax iwx nyin »S3 niiiT T3'xi m»xan

xinn oipan Vx m>y> 'matn o»yo7-in mc?s3i7>oi3i tniK 7»aaya mxoin i»no7 »3sai

>B>oai omx «nni] o>iyn Vo saio xinu? [nann] Va>amsn-m noai nVya o>iyn >3 [aiaos amx

o»X3ai ]nyc7i 'T3 v?3iy 7n> nxVa iy.25

(x)lnon [*i3i »xO (x).4 .na D'pain (>).2 .U7xn x>n (o).1

.n3ic?ai n>p (o).8 .ion [*i3i kti] (x).7 .n>3 (x).5 .»xnc73

(xs)|i>xa i>x (x).12 ,n>yaV in e?x mna (a),(>),(xs).107mx> a>3xn c?xa (x).16 .wxn nmx >y (a). 14 .na^na wt

(a). 19 .13 i3»x mwsan (xs);18 .»-ra d© (xs).17 .mxomn(>),(as)| 'pooxn nniTa (xs).20 .io7X oipan >x o*n>x ^x Ta

'asa C«s).23 .*psoxn o»n>xn i»t nniTa (a)|'psoxn i'T inna[T>c3>Dai isnm (x)jnan (aa),(x).24 .maaya (3)|mxon in©>3 na'aos (>)|n>iyn >3 a*aoa (xs)|D>iyn >3 naoa (aa),(as)

.msnnai (>)|.n>iyn

:nTy»>x 'ani *pia ; nx,T> :T,na r?aTT niax

68

[x/n* tt]

-|ina n3y>p» i»3».ik u?93 nxi [*»n3f] piosn n?s n*xn.1

pi inn lsxn yVwn> y>pn siaoa y>pn *13

in i»n nivini inan Kin nT T X1 m»s3 n

naam anyaa mra pirns naxn tho mpimcixt no D3ax i3-niynn i©x Kin naxm.5

msKwa oni'na [y>pn "p una n3y>p>] I'I'ik ©d3oipa> mpaa

man Lnyi] T * x 1 3 >y

"i nsn >x nyna o'srrTnr-tnrn'aa

noa n>nna isnax nwx >yi inm»nn«? ia3o^iya mi oiw> men i*xi y"in3 iwk oan»a

liya -p>3> 13 ww p'-rx nn tiwa o>an>.10n»p3 n>ym wxs ia>nn i>w mini xeana ix

n>ya >» 03rt»a irnxs n>ya> nxmsi minen»ixnn »sd T3i>ai lino im*n> n>»acs3 ymw-»-s3'

Ti3yn» o>wn p'ix nn wircxn iTa mayn yn naiyw 'aa.15

mnx nm*n> nmVyai noa Vw iiy 1*3 033111

»3 »S3> nx>m i'K '3 D3asi o'»nn inssmnesai nxnui] Y"i*3» H» T* nr> nKi33 erxa tiVit

DTip [©Xn T13>3Dipa iniK3 mines ow X3nc »13 d»> ossnttf

07ip '»» inxn '3D nx niK<i> nm>ya izmp»20n>ya> 03n»a >» »xn iia>3 mnesai nxm3

»33, D»3»a *»3B7 C7' 13 >yi '" »3D> 033CW Dlipn>yai noa D3n»a »3» 131 n>yai noa o»37y

>» D3n»ai noa >» iiy la iipnVnesa >«? osnaipma >3m nVya >» "ny ia lipn> n>ya.25

£'i3i n3y>p>] (x).6 .-wx -|-nn (xe>).5 .ion [''tiai] (x).1(a*. 10 .ion [nyi] (x).7 .oipaa o'Viyi d>3xw3 (a),(xD) pon

(3)jl3> lino i>» (xs).H .n>3i>a x»n«7 p'ix nn w» o»a>t* ny T3.3 no333i (a). 16 .p'ljen (o).14 .iaVnn» nsnx xesna

wxn nmxV n>ya> msyn -pi is ia3 iisyn mnx (xs).17 .nesa

13 ias niayn o"na (a)|Tn2ea mnat nni'n^ inotn nxrnsimsa mnx nni'n> nnoi nxmsi »xn imxa n>ya> mayn -pi

.21 .niK32: '»» (a).20 .ion [*iai nxmsi] (x).18 ,o"nn,o»37y '33, »3» (aa).22 .naVa mnanai nsnm (3),(3s)

D3,n3 : *x >xia<z? .1-2oa,T» : *x >xia«£7 .6a/To :'a nmt .18

T» f aa sma© .20

69

. [a/n> *n]>yi nivs'in npnVi X*i>i n'aniVi 'iKin '93 itis>.1

o>an> >id'Q7 o>iya oik is'b 133>3 n>y 5k 73

ma n*n» k>' n»n* 133. 'a '103 ht no >yi o»ad'39 >d >yi n>o >iKff va i»93 o>a'

T'nxn >33 »9i3i yiaia >3j?V npn Kin" Q'P'12>.57TT'3i mm yn »3iy Kin T»y«nVi i3iaK ib?k '93

o'P'ix> yianai iipn tk '3 osaKi fnyizn '93

>3.imTirr m ai nnVs n'ygn> amy T'xi] m>3yma n"3pn» has '3 7'3n>

»n> DDVnmn.naK no 1'jys ht> ksit Kin m>onV »' n'p'i3t n'9333 ksiisi npis ©a» 'a«7.10

T»3yn '3 d»3d >3 Vyi nsaa D'i33 o'yen hkist n3

Kina7 noa V«7 D3n»a no nyi 'X2tia> Ti33 Kin

Ti33n T»3yn i»3ni i3iaK© T3y3 <z?aa Kaannsin© 9"yKi 1133 no Kin n>ya >v osna no »3

no '3 *aiK» m»i v».sit T3y3 nip>ma. mvi.15TniKa isnaK new nym 'S3 n>ya Vo? osn'aIlia mpim im ni3i33 ]3'k iwk myin

ynn a'^n> n>3i» ]3'kip nnnx mn ©' n»Kn

Ti3 Ti3'T ins 3in3n aKtf i'3yn '3 *oiki -wnnnnat "jm»n> m>iyn mawsn© 'maip "ja p'93i.20ins Kinty WK >» -ins miK3 mo3332? D"nn inx3

113'1 "\7\3W >"T naK T33 '3 T133.nl T'KI 113'1i3»k »3 »nn nwy3 nia dki m'nn ny'Ta x>k i3'Knswan >y Kin 7i33n inm n»in nmx '93 osn'a1"n »naB7 n3©an ia3 Kin© i3iax iwk 'lien ©xn 25

|l33> >y (xa)|inyi3 n>y (ks).2 .mawan'npn> (o),(>).i(K).8 .Tny^T '13 (3,).7 .D'P'T^n >33 (3). 5 .>13'S7 (3)

(3)lnT> Ksna Kin (o),(a) t(>),(33^,(x9).9 .ion [*i3i 7'xi]

,(>;.11 .hkt (k9)|»kt 03> nsna naK (3)|K9ia T3 Kin nr>(>),(39),(k9).13 .no *3 nyi (o).12 .n3aa 0'3ii3 o'yan (3)

,(ks).18 .i»3y3 npi>na (3). 15 ."J'ayn T3i3nm (3),(o),(a)H3'i (Ks)|>"Tn naKff (3)|m«?»n (Ka).19 .T>i3' ]3»k (>)

Dyi (o),(>).23 ,n>ya> mViyn (3)|m>iyn ma?93n (a). 20 ,ia3.nniK »s> (ks;.24 ,»in n^y3 ni'nn ny'Ta

oa,os :D'>nn .3-^-

o>,3> :o'i3i ; 3, a :'3KVa .9-10»,t :>K'3i .19

K,ny :n3i n'»Ki3 ; k/t-3/3.' ma'an .21-233/td :*a nniT

70

[x/o* tt]>sf apiv xin»3 »nViT nnaia i3»x "p'm nrmon i»*na.1

>3iriB73 '3 038X1 Tffy HX pnat» 3iTX»1 17101 TTBB7icixori y*Tcn n>ya >w oana ma yin ht no nyi>

cponer iiaipn twnn no nnsi 7iwx-in dtx >«?

D3na 7iD 'd D'js >a >yi i»93 nat »3 inn mu?x>i dik>.5wxn nswan -non] i3Tax 7©X3 j»3yn no Kin nVya >«?

mn3 »>» [isnax iron. »S3 'no'n:

cnaa. D»y«n omaa o»p»7at Tin oi»V ni3i73D1'3 D'nn93B7 0'790 ntfVtf 73,33 DPI [d'313'31]

T»ann3i o'ansa o'maa. o»p'7at V? diok t*3*3 [nsam] awiin>x> 7»onn3i T*3n33 oniisa cyan o»»n> Tn>x>,10

dt iv\ n3»n wxia on> i»naa nH 3pn o'3i3»3 nn»aVunrn 133 i>>n mro w>» 7ioa run i'3yn o'nssn>3 no »3 D3axi o»nno3 nmoi o'3"3y na33 >"t

>tp n3 0'3s ^3 >y '3 n H 3 oipan '33> nsnsa cm n3D»'nn lira na om»n^ xm nxn i»3yn D'n.oi o»p'73t.15

nrn oViyn >© o"nn >y »3 ht i»3y >y itms 7331moEon "na o»3io onw o»*nn >y »n>iT i3»xi xin

'3© oipa >33i o'»n D»xnp3 on '3 o>iyn imx3ncram o>iyn nT3 "pan »»n >v *ax3 x> en nmru

TiyTii tosn *y ti>it "pan nri'a >y n3'x ]3 ias.20[imxa maiton]

D'no: o»p'7ai »3 osax nn'an x»n iti cnnniacin »»n one? o»'nn imx> -in>x> Tannsi 7»3n33

o»ys»3i [n3T»>yn nVya noa o'mrun o»»nn] on oan cnmmat oipa xwsnon xosn mpa iv noa> n»m?i

o© >y o'»nn mat xnp3 cnn imx 7io >yi o»»nn.25

'3iaipn (>),(3a),(3s),(xs).4 .oik nxon i»3y nm (xs).3.cnn C7XT (x).9 .o'3i3»a (x).6 .Ton [*ioi noa] (x).6 .nnsc?

nmo3 o'3'3y (xs).13 .nsa/n win oi»a (o),(a),(>).Hon> 'ixT (o),(xd).15 .'3s> nsm (>) (

(ag),(xa).14 .o»in33o>iyn (xa),19 .13©ts (xs).16 ,o»»nn mx3 om'n> (o)jom»n>

(x).20 .oViyn imxa mawa >v o»»nn >y 'o>it oi>3 13'x '3,n3T>yn n>ya> no onnn Dn (x).23 .omxa Tiynai

no,n3 :n»»XT3 .2DC7 .5

3/td :n3©n b?xt .7-9

71

[a/e>> tt]nmaa dmit oni'na 13103 n>ya >» o»»nn a»773£3w.1^nx-Kips ''sVi a© D»nn3£3i xinn oipan 7y nania>['psoxn 7i o.a ] l'Tm 7niTm ysam on o»*nni cnh

ysvni [inn mm inn 7i»>yn nipana axva'n] ni'xan7y nma^ namaa n»>yn mxn nia*ya o*'nn on.

5

D"nn yy o»nn yv xnpai o»'nn yy mix >on >oi3ffo»p»7xm D"nn ins ovpa iy d»kst owai n>ya >w

7ix> IDT*© or»nn 7mx> to o'annii o*3n33D»yen o»»nn 7ixa

7ix> id? x>i >»xin© nn»a> t> 7»ann3i [o»3n33] o'TiaaTDsnni iiynan hi rim caa isn> iot'b? o'*nn -nxa.lO

xa inawona »3] n>ya >w oinaHo inn o*'nn omxacyan la >yi [noa >w cana* Tosnm 7iy7anman xin© 03na> -in>x> /panrm 7»3n33 nmsa7mr 7ix 73 Vyi [7».73n] 7ixna nyia'rn 70snm

tio n>yon 710 oya nVyaa ni'n 3iom ysrcnn>yan 7nna o»ysvan o.»ai'pn o»'nn] am nai»>y n>ya.15

x»n nn'oni 'ax© na »sa o">n [b»x7pan oni nsi'^yn[on'm»i3Ti on»ni3iy] rixno >y nama on© o»3i3»a 'ax 7^x3

one; o»7ison oi» ly nawn .wxn'a bn> . 7 »naa.'n"apn»7y© D»B?ari 73,33 on naiumn >a» nsiwnn 'a» no

o»a' m»y V'm 'ax«? na »> [mwpnV] i> a?»i n3»aoaiaama t"yn 7©X3i orison dt> naem ©X7 7>3W.20

D»a» m»yn on n»x 72 d« nyaa? ox '3 xxan x>Ti3an i»ayn kVx >m t onaxa 'S3 ia'x nx73n *S3 »x7i

na»3s on»na7 >ai caisan o'3»»ayn 0.7*7373 ito7ysnn »T37 i3»3n pit 7*ay3 nax© nai nx73n 7a

nsiarnn 'a' 7io on© D.»a».:»3yn Tcnxa 71x7m.25

.4 ,'psoxa (x)|7i'>yn oipaa (3a). 3 .D"nn 0*7703© (xs).1(a),(as)),(xs).5 .Tin imKV]i»>yn Tixana nsxiarn (x)

(*).6 ,7i»>yn i»ra o»3T3 o*»nn (>)|7i»>yn i»m oyi3 o»»nn"' (>),(xa)|nn*a> 7*a (>),(o) |o'n33 (x).9 .o>*n 7ns X7p3'3j (x;.11 ,iaaa isn> (3.), (as) |nsaa 7sn> (xs).10 .>'xm7.16 .-ion [ i3i o»»nn](K).1-5 .Txsn (a).(x).13 .non ['isi

(xs;,(x).19 .o'ffan 73.33 wan on (>;.18 .on»m»3i (x)(o),(xs).23 .>m t 0701X3 D3*x nx73n 'S3 (a). 22 .n.ipwnV

.1T07 V»T7

>,aV :3i»x .8V,a> :ai»x .9-10

x/n» :n3»n «7X7 .19-20

72

[k/d.«tt]nvr »K3iia> o»3Y33 D'o* dhi ny3© on n3i©nn »0'.1

nyt^ >3in nai©nn 'o» 'ax© naa >anon n©X3ion n3i©n »a' no *3

nmai n^ya no Kin n3i©nn 7iovd»x>s3 o»3»3yoViyn >"t imxnp nm oipam o»»n mxmn nxnp3n.5

moiy x»n n3i©nm n"3 m mo ©td3 n©x3 xsnn»33 nya©3 n'nnsx >y tixan dk nmow >»nya© on nai©nn »»» »a osaxi nna©a nam>-

0» 11 9371 OT> H3OT OKI f>3© >"T ' BX© D»0»n Dm .10>"t 'ax© no >3?ii n©an am n©© am ny3© am

om Dipo nnsp nya© "73.33 on nys© a© >sno*3© y3© m33»i *ax3 nt no >yi nuivn [mtan]

tnni? [to] no on© on n©© nnatsn y3©n on©Dn'Vy nsi'Vyn xm© o>3 nx m»ayan man »n>a.15

©an noa >© nmx *n>ai omsan dv xnpsninsm 5>>33 o'nssn dti ns©n ©xn t*xi on

m©y on© nax nf no >yi nt T'3i n-T 7»3 on ©anmom >»xm 'axn oxi o»-ns3n dt> n3©n ©xn t»3] o»a"»

Dn»>yi;>i©y on ©ann »3 »xn y*T m©y on ix»n ©annama >3 n©ann imx »3 o»a' m©y on© >"t max

nana Vi>a Di' >3i n enan a n>i>3 ona nanainisi [mx] oipas >3m m©y Dn n©ann Fomxi

-t»03 33 o»3i3'3n oniKi naK >sm >" t ax© nai .20n3i©n »a* D»xip3i nns3> i»33ia on© n>xn o*a'3o"n> o'annsi 7»3ii33i on> >ma n"3pn iiTn ok©

o»3i33 n>xn o»T3in >3i *mynn n©x T»3y3©naa »33m nT3 i3tan© nas 'n nyr »xma>m'n> K3© oixn '3 o»y©in m©93 fjy >y *i>.25

3n33 Visa y»9ia nr os©a (x).3 .d'jiti 0*3133 (o),(xs).1»x3Ma> 0'3i33 d'k>93 (3,),(>)|nyi »xjnaV o»x>93 (o).4 ,nn

dt (a). 10 '.nxaii oxn (x3).7 ,>"tt i> ixnp (xs).5 .ny-r

dt V© on D'a* nya© (a). 11 .nai©nn oi» Kin on omssnny3© om nya©n omx on oniDsn di^ ns©n ©kt t»3© omsan

©kt Ta] (k).19 .ion [©©] (k),14 ,nna (k).13 .n©© om(>)|om3iy> ^ma (o),(3s).22 .ion C"rnK] (x)|-ion ['nai

.T3naK n©K (ks).23 .on»m3iy

1,33 :o'nai .7K/n» :ns©n ©kt .9

n>,i :*k o»a>a .13K/n» :n3©n ©ki .19

73

[3/3 "It]

i»©3yi n>nna p»is n'nu a"yx lasv Kaoat y«n.1

nantpn nn nxaion i»>y i»»anff n»3 iasy xao> xa

Vt btbx inn T^y lianas mcaiem I3aa np>noaism 'so n>ya>a mix i»xaoa noa>a iaxy xaoa

p>nn «T'3a> 'm nxaia vaaa 13.5K3n. o>i»n no. l"3?3 'y'Din

a>iyn a*3iaipn a'aann ixnpw inai

layi 'aa? Kan a>iy> j?>n an> w >k-ib?» >3 Kannaa *r»3yn fan ytx ian» B>iy> a'p'T* a>3ma T»ay >y iaaoi >kiw» >a 'axw navnaso.10

T'^y >y m»nn> i3> #» o*p*T* a>a [layi] na»ok »a a>iy »»m nax mm x»n minn 'a nrn

D'p»72 o>ae? minn an»>y m»yn ix»n naxnmm mi i> t*xi aViya B3w»] d'.iim a»ycn naai

[a'maa a'yitni spiy »wpi b'33 >Ty aa? i*xc7 a>iyaix'n -iaea an> tk ncx

lipna xnpa >» tops x>x a'p»ix a>3 nax.15ynx ion' D/»iy> D'p'ix o>a an -rem layi *ai> a*cnsan

D'p'ix a>a layi *axw naa [mi'] 1133 dips e?» >axa'ayn >aa Viaia nnaa [ay an] T »» ay a'xnpsn amx »a

>kic7' naaa xips ay am n>x •»» ay nax3am Vxin] a»p*i3£ aVa layi 'man 'ax n*Vyi n>iVan.20

a»nnaiai [b»p»*tx B>ia an a»ina3 a>a lay*3x«7 naa naxm 7133m yix i<zn' a>iy> 13 >yi

ynxa ini'na ynx m»w »a *a yi mx*aa i»B?ay B333imxe? ia>a ai^nn >xi ] p*-ra: xnpsn mix *n>iT a"nn

ni'na >p3 nan xin [p'ix xnpsn[an] ixm3 awa p'-ra KTpn> rt. nana moa ii33n [aixn]

n>ya> it mimaa ni3i33 an nnan nVya.25

\-\w\aw p'3 (a),(>),(xs).2 .iaxy xao>i y«n (a),(>),(xa).1anx (xs).4 ,np>no3 (d),(i).(>),(k9)*3 .nwnpn nnn (a)

-pwaa ia (>),(aa),(xa),(aa),(xa).5 .t»s3 xaoa (a),(>)|xaaanaa T»3yn T3ianm (xa).9 .T"3ya xin (>).6 .nnn i»>y

.16 .nan [*iai S3©'] (x).14 .nan [lay] (x).11 .naviaiaiB?

.o'p'is a>3 an ay a>3 layi (xa)|a»©T9an (a),(>),(aa),(xa)|>-ra3i nnas (a)|nan [ayn an] (x).18 ,ien [nm»] (x).17

na3a> nnaia lay am (a).19 .a»ayn nxwa (a)*»(o) v (K9)

,(xs).21 ,B'nna3 a'p'ix (a)Han [*i3i >*xm] (x).20 ,>xn^»vit\ imx»aa (a),(3i),(aa),(as),(xa).22 .a>iy> ia »a>i (a)

(x).23 .11U3 *n3£3 im*n> (a)jp>na ini'na (a),(x9)|i>.25 ,-ry ixma (x)jnan [aixn] (x).24 .nan [*iai aiwnn >xi ]

,m>ya >a (a)

x/o>

74

[K/X3 If]d>w Kin Tonn voni p»i3£ n>ya3 iTa.1

H> «nsa [»33n] Tuoyi p.»*Tsa nm» trnon ma>©3Kin p»-rx no *s -\> yin naf Tansi mxp -pia

it n>ya »d oai trnan irpo n>T3io nyi*r' mm n>ya]xnps I'xi 13 nxnpan [nynvnmai n»n' mo R'n

'niaixnn nnxna yaoai its* dikh »ci>it no.

5

DTKni oanaa dtk> ciiniin mrcpi myi inwnaa hwn lias mien imsa nxw'i ysaan

[aniK »d] nna iaiB sim. mixnn> i> >ixn 13'kwn3»KC7 n»x oy oipa >©] m»T3 >>n> x>© oipan ok

ni3» T3T »*T»> K31 [l> iTIKTKnp3 »tk nsaa anssi oipan *3bV iox3i nxyai.lOnxr^i ni»3y nai »-r»> X3w *iot 7»3ya p'-rs

[nsT] 13 >y iruzmps mix na»i n»T3n >>nV>3 >y »3 priatn «iot >y *aix© p»"tx xnpn>

i>>n> x><p n»i3n nai© >n>iT p»ix onxn xnps x> o»39Kin it n>ya3 xmw otk >3i i> »ikt i3»xrc oipas.

ynx «n»> 'txt Kinu7 inTi p»7X xnp3TniT 11X3 10793 T1X>1 D'*nn 11X3 T1X>1 D"nn.15

layi *in3n *ax ht naxn no >yi ni'xan *psoxno»p»"TX o'xnpsn on -\*?w o»*in33 ono»?».*rx o>3

D»3«?ian omx nT ism on»n>K n»n3 »naierl»o»33ai oipa >» inxn»a o'pim om on>i»omn cmn^ai »ixy 13*xct oipas enpn n»T3.20[l>an Dmn vn*n»n »3 on> 'ix] n"3 oipan

d»03 33© on x>x m«?33 mnn xin»nn'an nsoi nnn »m"T> o© o»3mi nn» txs>xm em3 >v [I'csys iVva] D^iyn >3 >y noapaff

nas nT no >yi n>ya >» «mpn n»T3 >i>n T,*3y

Ton [»33n] (x).2mx> mnon (a).

6

.nyiT n>nji n>ya (x).4 .ansa nsn (xs)

.8 .nnxtin (3),(xs).7 .o-TKn mnnn (3).oipan »39> T3yi Cxs).10 .Ton ['131 in'ns] (x).9 .ni.xtp (x)

(3). 15 .»-i*nw (xs).14 .xip (x)|n3T mix (3),O0,(xs).12(a),(>)»(Ks).17 .nx'iVpDOxn nniTn mx»a mx»? o"nn

,(39),(xs).20 .waa n»i3 »naiw'Ca).1fi .o'Tnsian omx o»p»i3£

(x).23 .non [*i3i 'ix](x).21 .»"rpn nsx (3) ,(0) ,(a) ,(>)|n>»a >© n»npn (o).24 .wn3 >» T»'3y3 i>i3 (3)|*3»y3 ns»n

,n>ya^a ©ip n'T3 (3),(xa)

cj> :n»©xi3 .11x3,o :n»yw» .14-15

V,a> :3i»x .15K3,o {n'yu' .17

T3.n3 :o»>nn .22

75

[a/xa «n]-pin a iiwxnn dis nan n»©xnaa V? o*aan.1

-mx nmn> t»x d»3s Vd >y '3 n*n inVnya

naiWn n>yaa inao nM 3 mpa >© [t'sa] vrT»an> na ia insi i»-mx o»xan noa 'xnas >aa

mix «nn> t*k T>y [i»n>x] oyi3 inin m>>3© m>ya naan.5

i»^y nay© Konn no >ax nxnan »sa nTa i»3yainnx i©aai Tia"'P ri ©nan naoa "p©x-in dix

[>yi] n>ny xnp3 i»-mx i©aa xin© Tayn mixo^iyn >y mp3i o>iyn >y oVian na imx nao

>87

—

mx na oti p o^iaTn >a >y xxas i-m»n>.10D'3© w^w [iy] on? D»yD3n ni3>»xn >a n»np

o'tpa nan imx ni'na n>ny *3>»x o»xnp3

nx>m o©ai taT mix iv Dn»>y na mix -j©a3i

D'>i>n [na] xm© inx na [nycnn] nmx iv -|©a3

liawin mx it nao >yi n©np >© na xim ">.15[nn'aj onn n>ny nxipsn naon nmxa iwia .n»n

nnx n»na xnpan p»ns mix atyi o>iyn >a>

»"n xnpa p»ts ©aa n»na tio *»sVi n>nyn

p>n on> ©' >kio' >a >"t itdi -non nT >yi t*3»>n"apn >k? in'na »nan >a© nmnV xan o>iy>.20

naaa >m ti lamn fit T3y >yi >x-i<z/' »aa i3*x

x'xian >a naxi n»nan »a"n *n° "n»»> rnaipa'as nxn i3»xi tid>s3 0333 i3»x nVoa> y-iT

y«n ysn >x x> >a *3© yn xnpsv o>iy> n3»a©

lo'xnaan in* >a >y (o) ,(>),(xs).4 .TS3N(a) P'^s W-3

(a),(>).7 .ion [i»n>x] (x).5 .moan na (a)Hx© >a >y (a)' [iy! («). 11 .inx nan nnp (a). 10 ,>ai (x).8 .'3iznpn

'xnaan in* >a >y (o) ,(>),(xs).4 .i'S3 (a)|i'3s (x).3

;>).7 .ion [i'n>x] (x).5[iy] '(«). 11 .inx nan nnp x -,..- .._. .-,-- - --- .

-pz7a3i (i).13 .©>© "ry ottp niy*B3n (>)|n©>c7 7y C3;n°n(x)|n»03 (x).14 .xinn nan n©B3i (a)|o©ai TaT mix nn'Vy

mix apy (a). 17 .nmx onai (x)|i©a3 n*n (a). 16 .-ion [na]

tio 'am ma©> (a),(V).22 .nr T3y tio >y (a),(o).21.n'Tan

3.3,0* rxnp'i .11-12a/n> :

4x nniT ; a/nV n>-i*Tn3D .15-16

x/x :T*^n30 .19x/a.9 :nT3 .22

n,n :D»>nn .24

76

[k/3d «n]D'>m o*3»3yi nnnTx nasi yi ini' x> nnx.1

n"3pn nxsp pani n»nan nxr nnntsa >m t unmnan>a i>'-m»n> p>ay >w iyn? >y nnn »"m>

in'Taa tt» nVcw n»nan mx 7»3y >y xim o>iy>K033 n» n>ww >"t o»a:m max id >yi Vxiw* >w.5

no 7»3ya »i>n l?3m n» 03 >y -i* »3 *aK3 id >yi-mnsi ysnm 7isnn mwans n»73n mx

nwx on nasi xsn o^ynno: *nx*33 i3»'nw na>np'yn a»wn> i^s* x>w ony*r nawn >3> mswna iswn

xi nw » 3 sa xsn n> i yn Kapij—aa_*aAa—i iaxi .1013©> 3io inn nrn o>iyn 7a mxx 'inx D7X> 731a

Tns xin naxm 7i33n ip^yn >sx ]Txn nxo»>na, o»3»3y maipa na33 >"Tn ax inx

x>i n»»n«7 x>i n>»3X x> 13 7»x xsn oViyn tio >yin*rmoyi o>scn' D'p'is x>x nnnni nxsp. 15

OmX »T313 0X1 n3»3B7n 11X 1»Ta T3H31 7n»WXT3mxx nnx D7x> xin xsn nViyn -now 7»3winn

D'3i3'3>i D»p'i3£>i 7»yun!? xs "|3 7 d ox] o>iyn nTansw nai [o>iyn nTa oiKn . cikx nnx X3 otx >3>i

n>»Vn x>x o>iy mix >y xino>iyn -no »3 it nyi3 »>3wn o-rxn m?na n>»>n

3.»o?n> 1«dt »a 7'xn x>33i >na ti»>y no xin xsn.20mxann xsn o>iym am xin >m no >3 m>ya

»>3 T»an d»X3 owa m>yan -mm vswn >3i enxnps -iwx xim nmnon nsnyan tina i>xn> posn

nrn. ysvn X3 *r»an 73 Vyi i*a»a 13T3» x> nwx >n3-no >yi i»a'a i3T3» x>i xsn o>iy> xjn» nn 0333.25

,(xa),(39),(xa).3 ,7313pm (3),(a),(3a),(V),(3s),(xs),2.9 .n*n3n no 7>3y >y (3), (*),(>). 4 .iy-iTs nan>a (3),(>)(Kfi).11'3d>i»Kiii» (a). 10 .ip»yn -p-r a>wn> (3),(a),(>)ox] (x).18 .o^p'ixn (>).15 .7Txn nx i3w> (o)|-pw> »i3

,nxrn ny*T3 im»na (3). 19 •>* nr xin nsw (>)|non [*i3i 73,22 .mxsin i3aa (3),(o).(>).21 ,x>s3i xtisi >na (3).20,x>3 (o),(>),(39)

f (x9)|D»ys«; >3i 0'ixata o"n (33), (xs)X3 (o)|posn x>3 xs i»an (33).24 .Txn> x>x (>),(xa).23

.nt Tio >yi (3).25 .yswm pics* x>i

o»,n3la

77

[a/33 it]n^»yo> vpn a?' n» na»an -ioa3 V'Tn itok Kan [o>iyn].1

Kiia'n mpn i»y3 Kin© y»pin Kim m»nn »wktoy»pn n»nn 'cran >y mum *'iw rr>yo>a on'wKn >y »io3

V3i aaiy >ai aio Va Ka nroi Kiian mpn 7»yaposn k>V Toan on> pn "i«?k cnn o»K3 05701 o'Tisan D'*nn.5

D'yscya 1300 iznpn m»n on© m»nni Tiynaim&vrcn "jniKi iaino nxsi'n 'psoKn -iniTo o»3iT3i

nmrn ihiko x>k ni3n3 03*k cnn [iinat] imxa nnnwnnK tit 'ok oyi3 mix >ki Kan o>iyn oyo nvn

?__?„n *o* >3 .-.'-»» n.?.33 'na» ©pax nmx '.:?.» two ».n>KW,10.

»n'i '0x3 nr >yi i>a»na np3>i .'»» oyi33 niTn>[*iai i3»^y i3'n>K '"] Dyi3

t7' D»»i3ai mo© nosi K3n oViyn moo Kin Vsm1»y i»k inmni mo on "lpini mVyo oxiy >y i>

K3n o>iyn inn i> nano> n©y» n»n>x nmn x>•wx [o>iyn] Kim

D»«npno ona 13K -icpk mompn imx >aa i3«np.15ni'nn mo on o»wm ny3-ix> i*m ms» in«?np noai

oViyni ni3i33 oann n^yo>o ne?x ni3T>ynnoT3 [mki >K] Kin »'d nxn x> ia voni p'-rx K3n

w» >3K mm im»pn3 inoa m.03 o>y3i nxamns/K o»©np msnoi m>ya D'xnpn T'3 [p>n] on>.20PT3.T nX103 31071 K12JT ni0673nr O071 D»XX03 TT103x>i isn* owl pTm >na Kin loiin nVyo Tins

n3»3»n i»to 7»3n3i K3n oViyn -iniT3 i3>' isy»»nov maiooi maio 'psoxm nmrn »3 nmnsn

ni3 >xn mini [o*3»y>] x»n mxm i»an> yyn ions.25

on> TN (a),(3o),(Ko),(39),(KsJ.5 .ion [o>iyn] (k),1[mix] (k).8 .niKxi'n mx'iVpsoxn (a),(>).7 ."raon kVi po9n

i»t oyi3 (a)|n>nnn i»t oyi3 Kim xsn o>iyn (kej).9 .ion(x).11 .nVnnn i»t oyi3 (3)|n>nnn i»t oyi3 (o)|n> nsin

.ion [o>iyn] (k).14 ,i»mVyo oxiy (3). 13 .Ton [*i3i '"]|ny3TK> n*n»i (3s)|ny3TK> n^m (3).(>),(3o),(ko),(k9).16n>yo>o (Ko)|ni3in3 onnn n>yoo (39)#17 .inwiip 11331 (t>)

(3)|ni3in3 onnn n>yo> iwx (o)lni3iaa nooVo twk (3o)|onnn'3 (3b)|cii3>»k (Ks)|m»3 >k (k).18 .msins ni'nn n>yoVo

ninv>*K (a)|noT3 o»n>K (3o)|noi3 n»3i3*3 (Ko)lniKa >k.nno3i mo3 (o).19 .nana m'3»a (a)|nona m>3>K (o)|non3

.(3),(o) jionn n>yo nna (>),(ks).22 .mo© »p>n (k).20

.tnno K»nn (3).24 .f3>i isy (3). 23 .noun n>yo nna.o*3»3y^ (k).25

K/a'

78

[x/3,3 *n]n>*3K x> is t*k «3n oViyn noi a»3»y m'xa.l

o»»n cnxann i3aa »3 diu oipan »3 n'ac/a n»n© x>i

o»3an a'xi q© ni'nm dh?8 d'w D'wn >3i D'xacas

13'K Kim T>K.D'3nX D>31 0*3X«?3 Tatl Hlpa llliai

nsi ma KVvn*hv x>i n>»3x x> is t?xi nn'Vx visD'lxnn >d in>ya »9>i nrn oViys n»>>33n a»3*»3yn Vsa.5

DPI T311K >X T3yn »3»y3 T3130 >X O'SXZJ

mxsn nnoy Qn»ffxi3 Dn»nntsyi d»'3wi» D'p'ixnn^nin ny3D noa on»>? Toynn i»ma T«3n3i 7'3iT3i

7»;»gn* naxp nai xan o> i yn i n T i n 3 n3 n > i yn x »

n

'oiyn T'3 7*3>na i> 'nnsi *ax3 x>m n>ya* n3*tp» T'xi.10nnV'nn i»t nyi33 Dn>ya 3i»' >na >y x>x n>xn

'»» »73y n>na cixt o^iy> n3aa nay x>i? n3«c?'n x»nPDxVa3 D*Viciv&n wipn .natt>aa D'laiyn 'fixi

D'tffiy nan i»x m3x?aa wx <z?»x ntn oViys xnsnnnx ny»3 ia>iy rmp v d*3133 dV13 ina> m»n>.15

V3B E7T 10931 T3B7 tf»1 13.MV T3I? B7' Q'3W na3> 07'

1

3Ty3 neny i3»xi yi3tzm *a» >3 msxVa ncnyn i3K/3i

*»a' >3 imxVa n«ny i3'xiff *»a iod31 T30 ff'i mcrmsys >in©a» »a row 3iy3 nenyi yi3e?n

>3i?> n3o?3i y3© im»DD nysi i»n 'a' >3 ixii3.20•»o» >3 D'3©n3 i>in«7 'a i3«?3i tdb xin is©

1(11179' nyi 1TX DT 1»>X X331 1X113> nDIKH i».»n

»^»3 T3a mv&vn pa row 3iy xim mc/p mx i3i>[i3«73] i3»xe? TDM xin 13T3 ii3y> xin 'txi nii3yn

H3X>a3 10D31.25

>y D'lTin x/13 - 3/as D'sin][x/3,3 - 3/33 D'sin >» T3inn mix

[K/13 .«|l]

»» n>yin na »3-------- - -

x>i 'ixi3 n3'x nsion nmx on nsx>a nmxs 133 i>.25

,(>)|ns)3 D»>>33n (xs).5 .P'3Xi© (xs).3 .D'3tl DC?a (xs).2.7 .ns3 o»>>33n omxn nnix3 (a)|ns3 o»»33n anixa (3),(d).xsn o>iy xipsn (3). 9 .nn'^xi >y niKsn moyi (3).(o),(>)

,(xs).16 .run o>iy3 fin (a). 14 .nsxVaa o*>3noan (3;,(>;.13ny»3 (3)|>3p> y3»3i yst? (>).20 .o'3© na33 (3),(o>,(V)

|innps ny n»x di» (39), (xs) |di» i»>x K3»3 (o).22 .irmos

.mwp T>X 131> (3).23 .D11K.D1* (X/13 "113 nD13 »9^ - X).13T3 (X).24

x/T» :ni3i3 ; o,ts» :o»l?nti .1i»,x :>xp?n' .2

3,a3P :o»>nn .6t,i :n»i3T .10

t»,13 :n»ytff» .12

79

[a/is tt]07X> VtfO >"T ITaXl.T

xVl T3DV TiDyi '3? X31 >13X> 1»30> WMl VlDK> 3^1 H'H©

na33 731 »3yn >y n*asm x>i my i> warn i»>y n»a»n

13033 pxia Kim 1*>X D»iff»aa 10»T3 xVaff IV 0*0*9

no-ii yaw mm >3xV nyip »>a my i»>»k wan id inK>.5

>y n»a©n lnnoa x>a io'-iai o»*nVm imam o>3«?

»TK.i»3»ya ?ti n> >13» xV »3 xmi imn T'ys nynpnfK *axi ok? mn "?nx npo »3yV nsrm nynp >03

icV-wto i> xin naw nai i»way [n>ym] na nyia »3y----^-

1-3-

s-i|i---mi:,-j,yn-3> --

8-> >KW -

n y-,pn t> nn3 >3X> n>ia».-10

imxnw nya inner i> 3io x>n »3y> nama rp*n x>

xin o>iyn nT3 o-rxn ht -pays ip>n iV nn> >13X>

ix-113 mi3y3 n»ac/a i3»xi 1303 x>aVi n»nn> ay"i

>ay ne;x i3ia» >y n'awa xin iotds 1&T31

lVayi iya' o»-tnx> n»3a xin nsm i> >i3' xV »3 si'i.15ip>n i33n» 13 V»y x> -wx »»x>i ipso nxVas i> nx'i

xin 3io x>n enpn> na i3n o»'3y> ia i3n *aix xin *txi[l»x >3X]

>axV aym miK'133 n»n© "j»T3© n"3 oipan '39> [n3^] i>

i»ni3iy »3 "TD931 tsct xiht o>iyn [»>3n3 na>m J

nsip i?* i*Vy '»» n>ana »n>ir l'cnoss >y o»pipn.20»xiVi man ix-113 nsxVas Vinoai d»3K7 naos lomy>x awn naiwnn >ys inT nnx nye?3 ia>iy nsip »'i

»>y3w oipa3 maipa na33 >"Tn 'axw T3ya *n» ixmsTiay> t*>13' 13'x o»maa o'p'ix '*sx o'laiy nawn

omxTpn »XT3 aw Den in»3 Dm »a nnain mawm.25

13031 (ks).6. .o»a»wo on (3) ,(>) ,xs).4 ,x>i >3Xi my (o).3*3y> nnn3 (3). 10 .-wx3 nnsw nai (3)|ny>m (x).9 .iciai,i> nri3 n>iD* x> -wxa i»wayi inn x> 10*13 x>an3 x>© iy»

,17.n»3» nsn (a),(o),0), (xd).15 .i"3 (a),.(a),(»,.(KS>.13(x).18 .ion [T'x >3x](x)['3y »3iV&> 131 13 i3n nax» TX (3)

(a).25 ,>Tnffa (xs).21 ,'>an3 ysw* i>im (x).19 .Ton [na©],3©i» otzn...nnaT3 insiwm 3E7

x/T» :o» ;• a'/» :m? mi3y .20

3,i> :ni3T3 .23

80

[x/n3 tt]Tnx T3y >3iii Kan o>iyn 1103 x»n naivnni.1

anon »a >»3c?a >3> nv ht fay [*iai] o»3an» D'p'ixmnw»» ici>it D>n>K nnxn x>i»y X3> 7»ny> 0'P'i2E> naan»3X>a *»sx x3>T»ny> D»p»ixn aaiy >"t 'axi i> nana>[n'p'Txn] niuaa »3 naxn inn itnx D'a»ffa barx mwn.5k>s i»kb naa ma^iy >3ff -noa m>i>ai ma^«7 nm' in

dh> ina x>w no mxasi niiro mVi>3 "jnw »d> *rnx

T'X d»3S V3 >y »3 naixn »>y3 'bixb non I9n in?iimx3 Q»p»ix n>ya a»an>i "TiayV >i3'n? is>o

'" >y aaynn [tk] pioss >"tt nr >y ip-ipti D>iyn.10inn laixn i> nony?' tsk >y xonnan |33 t*3»^ *""

•rayas on© D»3xVan laxn dxi nnxn x> 7»yin>ya ix ynx3 otxm n>ya> oni a-rxn >y m»n»i n>na

nniynn T33 »3 y-r oViy imx3 Dn»>y nVna.'3«? HDD x*n» >y nawan raos >i>a Dtxn m»n >y.15

n»33 T3y >x n-nxa n»T3y »3»a nVi>3 nm*n3i ma>iynm'nai o»>i>3 03»x on ntfx maViyn noa nVya> nViyi

n?3>i *»» oyi33 mTn> nBOiffa x»n n>yan •*no3 mnxo»oDic?a T3»k» D»ax>a >y m»n» n>ya x»m i>3'H3nnn x»n navani ni33 Dipa n'x i»>Kiun rmn>.20naxn dxi i>3»n3 np3>i *»» oyi33 niTn> ny*n»i

imx3 o»p»i2> w> xinn aaiym x»nn n>yan© 73 oxD^sian "]in> cnavan [m'Tns n>yin] na n>iynnsoa dtio' npy mnna i3aa i©x nays o»>3nan

nixna 3iom aaiyn mix i3Ty»i oxaa izn nnno

(xs).9 .inx onV t»xw (3),(xs).6 .ion [o»p»"rxn] (x).5[tx] C*0.10 .nwi ix>a (>),(o),(3a),(xa),(3s)| en»i ix>a,(a;,(xa)|n>yn3 onar (>).12 .V'3tffa> 't (>),(xs).11 .-ion

noa> (xa)|in>ya -|»x ynxs noa (xs).13 .m'»n» n>ya on© (0)lin3 (3),(a).18 ,i> ym (a),(>) ,(33) ,(xs).14 .ynx>

n'nn ny>m (x).23 ..'»* nyi33 mm> (3d).20 .x'nn n>yan• miD' npys nnnn3 (0)1*13^3 >3xnan (>).24 .niavan' nnina

a, to :n»y»» .4x/caV :T»Trnao .5i» f n3 :n»yc7» .107,T3 ro'Vnn .18

dw .21

81

[a/na «p]Va»3 nn.n3B; noa »i x>m x»nn n>ya> Tia.an,1

o'smy nassn nyaw i»mo» 13 o»»*n nrn b>ny3 ny»a»aix>n naw&na th wk^ nVnna> 1-iTn'i i>30 -i«?x

pnttfa© ias pinw pay rtsiii in avail inom iiyna ht

*wk n>yani aiom aaiyn nt >3 »d *nyi Tnma Dy.5on>ya »3 nmx D-»a»va na»K'rnem »sx>a *»sx© naxn

nn»03nw] >nan insn yenn» >y *oxa x>m on a n>na,

l>n 'ana ox max i-»aya o>nyn ltnxa iKiia1> »nnai [-nawn »maa?a nx oxn

mon *3X>a »3 i> »in nVxn o'Tanyn t*3 o»3>na' T> cn»n> DiT»3»a im'»t?> 'i> x»n nnoanni

'3 'oik nnxi on»3'3 "i>na

1»^i3» 03»x on *'sxe? ona n>ya> o»p'i2n.10n»xn '> nntcam a»wn>

Vxivn n>x» 7X3 ny nnxn xV i»y nax -noaT31C3 na nVxn o»3»3yn *noa nT >y naiwn

nsi3i waia on o»pinai va»3yn i»nai>xi»n xin »3xi o»six pimaV on '3 o'six1> yiti nVxn o*a»3yn >y 3*©n> »> w» naix,15Ins cnn inxs on© inxa i3nax "ib?x »D3x»nn n^yan no> o»a»c?a mrcn »3xVa n>yan>ymn x»n na max© nai n>nna lamynn

nyrV w TDya iVsnsw msian iin> mawan nnnnan"y3 nxna -wxs o»nan m»nn> vn» xin nM 3pn '3,20ias onsya nyan'i iaip' on on waa msun omxv

nasivn K?aa maoan omx »d oaaxi n"a ensau?«793n xsn ix»n max *ie?xi msian imx*» imanpV

»3s> nm^nV xin m-a>v -im» '3 *»>n *»>n mon mt>ma'>B? navna cainnnsi o'3T>y3 xxaa xii3n.25

3'ram

82

[K/ia. TOmxxaa ma©3n m'H3 n>nru rnws dVd ma>iyn.1

•no Kim o>iy3 anopan mx'saa o>iyn nT3

nan>a iay nizny n3i»>yn na^an rin'n© y-in nx»

na x>i ape; x>i i>ff xV j?»ixm nanny Tanimx3 »3 3»om> ©* ny^3 iay nii'n i"n 'a' >3i Tan X3'i.5

laipaa -arjy>3»i n>iyn 7 a anopan na»' iaT

-inx> Di'sya my^'i msnn o*»p n"3pn txi

xinn "nan 7a maynai inaniT cnVpnivn»n>i xaniTi ti>3> x>3 nw» man an -iwsyn

o>iyn ia nsyna y-in nx»w ovs 'P3i im» it "nan ..10

•rawi—i-a-a-a nayrrn—'n-^a—tiafw-K>ng? i nam t 13ofip naaa nnaniT maynaw na^an 'txi 'pan it

7T3W>" inn n»pai ma x»m nsrcn Dipa >x nm>ynpiaa n»n» nViym oniTa -jyiaa ^lan xxaan iian nT3

Ti3yV ams'^u n»nn »tx anopan yin "iir»a.15

maViyn i»n» ritoo >yi naiaan ny*rn] maOoa n n a dk?>

[nio»Vw3 noai n>ya xxaa n"am anpn >p©3naa"pnn 'Txi maisan mnn

'3 [i'nx nx ff»x my na>> xVi *»n3i] n?ixiaan

o>na iyi D3opa> »mx in' o>3nytn nns© nna na»wn naoan© '3sa

'>a naena Dipai nxii3 nx nai-nr naissn13X2? nny ne?X3 m'3 nna'w *a t»xi ai3y.20

txi an op an nan it -pVsV nin3 D'ysoian>nn3 inx paw. nay>i '»» oera d>3 ixnp'

T3i» n»m iie?xnn mxV n"3pn xi3

,(kb).6 .mws i>i3 (3)jn>nn3 '3 (a),(>)lo*a>iyn (xd).i

d"P' (a),(o),(»,(x-i).7 ,T3»' n"an (3),(o),(a),(>)(39),(xd),(xt).12 ha»'ti (as). 13 .nayn* (3s).10 .msian,(xs).15 .n»p3i naima (»,(as).13 .npisai it (a).(o)(x).17 .-ton [*i3i ny-rn] (x).16 .ynn is* x>3 (3), (as)

.nyin n»an nnsra on: (x).18 .non [' 131 x>i *n3-r]

-r>,x!? :n'sv .17D,a :n»asx .22

83

»3 xamT oirc x>3i Tt>3> x>a 'pai IT ixnan voa.1[n'n] mino 13 nn'n© nawm in>ya nana '3E)ai

m'Oawn -niaanm. rnai»>yn m>yan im? a'^a

07n3n nxi© t* iv >y nai diw aaya n'n x>i

33n xinc t:ht ia iti Min?3?yin'i in?y.a,5

ia iamT »n:m V'ontf -ry lay anopam wnan

KaniTn nmx naKnvai' Tinx rnnii >a>i

V'ona »3 D3axi man ti303 o>iyn '3a 733

'wnan >y asnn nao ?y a^nya inamT umsn

T»y© wx mi?3 moi v?x naia ?y**3 ©'x n'm.10__ -o'lisan DT3 n>n»an -vy^n ?y arx V3 ?yi

mm ynx >x isniaiy >a n* v»>y -t*ywi x«mno D3ax '3 on [tnaiyj oirmy ?3 nx >"t -i«rm.

nsxsa ncx in lamsn nxaio 'D >y emsn narmtptx ?"Tn *axi "px 'n>ys x? maxi n»s nnnan n?3X.it>

n"3pm nr parn 'ana na?y '33 'xm 'T3in>w3 xa?y

n> 1 yn ia nsyn una xaniTn nmx nsy T»™ imx3liwnn dtx T3y> nrn'i n>3? otw x>3 naip' D'nam

n>3> oict '>3 d?3 onvn? mpa Vw i'£>a tx' n'nc?

nVnnnn nmo n»nn 13 n?nnnn T3y3.20nsios n'nn 13 xamn ti?3? mw.»>a nn'n

?3i [inx T3y3 *pom n?nnnn nt'n?J

mxi ln'a D3'a nxna imaip? nammn m»inn-rnx *" n»n» ins '>3 na'?w -nn'a Van n'n'

.4 .n'n 3 n (x).2 .nV3> diw »>a (»hi>a> °^ nf?J^;^(a). 7 .T3'3D yn'i in>ya (a). 5 .aayna (a;,Co;,C?; .U3 ^

(?).8 .man T.x>a o?ff nViya xamm nmx ns xsnizm i'inx

V33i (xs).(x-i)|>*on© na osaxi o>iyn >3a nn'an nospa o?iyn

xm DViyn Vaa inamT (».9 .>»ona »3 dj»ki man nsos oipa

: , D > y (o),(>),(3s),(x3).14 .an ny (x).13 .aann nsoa

,(xs).17 .Tmx (xs).15 .nan nxanos (a)|nt3n nxaios inxmo.naip D'nam (3). 18 .nsyn Tina (as)|n»aya (a) ?Co;,U;,C>;

.antspan T>y X3'w iiwxnn mx m'S' T3y3 U),Cxe»;.18-19

.23 .Ton [*i3i m»n>].-21 .»3 m>3> (0) ,(aa) ,(xa),(as).19.ins '>3 D'a'Vw (0)

3/33 :niT rn'iay ; a/ap :maa' ; x/iap :n3«? .6

X3 :iTy»Vx 'am 'pns ; o' :n3T n'wxnaa/13 :DC7 ; x/x> :*x inn

X',T3 :n'©XT3 .1033, to :xnp»i .12

n,x :inox .22o,t» :n'T3T .23

84

[k/T3 «rr]

n>xerc? T>2v >y n*3tz?n n>xwn ™x iaan.1n>yaa inw mau?3n 1103 n>ntia

o»a»ffa D3»Kr;n?iwn'*3tcfea i>»sk m*n» nmaiinan y«nn» o>©n p»"rxn i»3y >a vi nmx

1> »nn3vi> *ok307 *n» in»oan» nnoannv >nan.5>nan inan win* ok m»n *3K>a om o»3>na

.v> oik »33 IK© |3«7 >3 1 to nnosn i> nn»n xV

nnnoin 1103 istx n^»ax »axi naxn nyi> i>ma pi»yi >ni T'3y minn »nno noa >"t iisknia'^n nVyoa om o»"iiaa D»p'ix w» »a "psyn.lOV'apri n>ya -nnika np> on» '»bxi q>iyn imxa

__'__ V'x-wwai oViyn fit >» nail faa [onix] os?

n"apn onaa lay mainan o»p»i2t >ff Tciava ny^ao»7aiy D»p»ia:m "naan xos nnn m>na on> n«ny

xnpi Txa 'ik n ,?apm n"a oipon »39> on'>y o'3'aai.15Kin maxn xiip» »a >a nn»>w xn» Kin xpnsna?y» Kin o>iyn »3a >y Tanna© »a n»V© xn»

mwn 'axVa f»a o»s33 on> rwiv n"apm mnOono-un» naxaa >xiw»V 03 on> T'wiyi o>iyn >aa "poen

on> T©iyi o>iyn >y o»ays> »ixa oi'n T»nyi& m»Vx -pays.20n»p*™v nnoann in maipa naaa Vx-i©»> 03

>nan Tnan piann? ia] »vin» nT i»3ya o»a>ffn

x*n iti iTa nnoana n"an iV in'oanoim*n> [ni>ya >y n>ni n>ya

ciKTa >ena p'lx naxs n>waoa o»n>x nxi»3 >«nao>iyn imxa ia» >a o>iyn nTa >ana p»-rxn o»n>x

n"apn >"Tn 'ax<? ,i»aya ima>a> anp Kin©.25

»axVa iV'skb? (a). 3 .n»awi n>x&n (o),(3a),(xa),(x"i).il*a o'3>na (o).6 .'3 "i> yrn (a),(o),(aa).4 .mem

n>aa *33m (o),(a),(>),(3a),(39).8 .I'm n>xn D'loun(x).12 ,>na piay T*3y nanoi nnn 1103 (3). 9 .13TX

.20-21 .D*3in3n (3). 13 .o>iyn imxa (m)lnm»n> nniK

73] (k).22 ,>«w> d»D3 m»y> oViyn (3) ,(o),(V) ^Cks)n>waaa (Ks)|D>iyn >wia p'Txn (a).23 .non [*iai pirin*

,n>ni

k/tsp :*3 nniT ; K/a*

85

0/T3 TO>ana p»T3t ''nsT p'txn nM apna V'sna 'avmxa >«na.1

a'P'-rsm ni'Ta ITU J!n 3pn(? >i3'33 D'nVx oxt

d»3©t onv n>va nnixs 13© Va nmx t>03d0*933 on> ntzny n"3pn cp'ixn >"rn 'ax it Vyi

naano ony mi3 'iVo isio >ryi o>iyn moo tobh.5o*o>na Kin hti inn Vy lanV r«3 th^d mwn »3X>a

l>na oipa> oipaa iVmn a-rx3 o*o>na [o»-raiyn] 1'3

TOKOD 03 7'KTiy OH *'SVl *TnX Dipa3 0"i?nO 13*XW

oann n>ya> o'-iTin 13 "inxi onyon3i ox-iio

mwy> cm' on man »ax>a »3 n? >y nann >xi.107»3y3 oeipa> o»>iy on 13 inx> o>iyn m> 03

omn»V© ia»*ow inx>i msaVi omsx* 1X3© o»3xVan

Von '3 m f'3y >y annV T*x Ta >?i oaipaV o'lTin

»t» >y i»n»y»'»T >y 03 neny xm nMapm nax

'n Tiaan in >y >am o»3x>an *-r* >y ix o*p*-TJtn.15

-mna'i nnn i»Vy nns iwx >'3©a >3> nT Tai3

nVna inVya o'p'-rx y# -\aaw2 *3 mx»33 i3*»n» naV

n»n»w p>iyn nT3 js inx> m»a«?a om»n3 nam7v,.n?tnv' ATn o>iy> mn'>o mtyyVi »p3i IT lino

>yi -rosnm jiynan n'Vsroi nions oi'n.20ma7p> 3i»»i oViyn o>na?a D'pnr^ inae?3

imxao i»©3yi »3iaipn vrnm 11303 nnetttp] tt^kihn"3pn to' lay nsim o>iyn la p>no» rcnsn

u >yi o»p»is >» Tnaws rooa imaip> ai«7> lpnm[>3i imaip> 3i©» o>iyn it n30

x»n oipan »3s> tnVyo nax o'siwxnn o»p»nxnTX271 spy pns' oni3K iinxi nrca lias n>ni

liwxnn i3ipn> o>iyn iMnn> istox' o>3 D>p»72tn.25

(3). 8 ,o>iyn (x).7 .nVosa -(a). 3 .P'Txn >i3>33 n"3pn (3).1

.10 .oaipa3 n>ya (>)|oaipa3 n>ya> (a). 9 .onaxs na "o»wiy

nxn© ix>a T3yai (a),(o),(a) ,(3£>).12 ,noa> dhit (3)

I»p3i it ins (a),(K9).19 .oaipa >x nrm (o).13 .ni3a

(3), (a). 21 .>m inona (a),(>).20 .»pai it ina (3), 00vnxn >ya to' »ay nanni iiwxnn (x).22 .imaip> iitn»i

.oViyn nT3 niTn^ (o) f(y),(Ks).25 .23 'i=t rt™ >»"»

a, 3,3 :*3 Vxiaa? .1-2»,a n'syn :'a>«?n' .3

a/ax j-p-nn.ao .4

a3-x,a» :D909i© ; io-K,n» :n»a?xn3 .12x/ax :T*Trn3D .17

x/03 :T»TTnao' ; 3/o :noio .22aow :0'T3T »tso

86

[x/na «n]i»n» ma>iyn >3 »txi mxn xon'tff onp n»n» ia3.1

noai n>ya onnnxs >iwa> *n> mn»»i ma»>»3n'n» xinn dt: Y"i*<n >a >y "!>»> *»»-n»m "rnx "Tioa

'iff'nnn p^nn .-mx ia»i tnx •»»

T»ny«7 D'non n'»nn 7»3y3.5naom Tiaa D"n omx 3»e?n>i] o'nan ni'nnV n"3pn

7»axn> >nw >3> xin vnat nri [n>nna ia?X3

D»non m»nn> n"apn Tnye? pso mw »>a naxaon> TXK? on nVxi nVnro nacrsai 113,3 oa»?m>i

laixm 'i3i Tonp'ssnvD'j'on xan n>iy> p>nnx3> i»m» 7>a minn ]s D'tion n"nn i'K.10

nsx Tn'i i»>3t? iv nnn »ii*r> a© paiui nnc?

c/» >xi»» >a> *xn »3 D'p'ixn '>n ni93 nnnn"3pn 7»ny© xin nax© p'3opi d»>tti 7»axn>

3'©n>i DTsya my3>i oa"»pn> o»nan m»nn>minn 7a xin ht T3*ti n>nn33 03np >x onn.15

np/rxi *3B7'nT»nn' la ' D'annan 7ai o»x»33n 7aiminn 'T3"r >3 nx mwy> maws »b i3> n'nnnm di»d i:m»n> D'n»n >3 i3> 3io> nxrnn'»nn> nnosn 7x33 »nn mn di»3 i3m»n>

o»pios na*inw s"yKi rninn 7a D'nan.20Tna Tn» *3&? o'x»33n 7a mina ©» o»-inx

*idi nay 933110 133-11 ix»pn 7iaip» »n>33i»n» [>"t naxi]

>© D»na on© >x"iw' Y">N3ff] o»non i>x i*nai>x iaip' »n>33 man nx^a »*r» >y x>i nH an

i33m ixpn ynx> nxinaw [o»nanOla) >pm'a n»»*n Tiyi 7ii3n »3»w» i>x Tsy »33i»

D3nx »m>ym oa«ciinap nx nms »3X nan '»n3"r.25

*i3i D«nan n"nn (xa).5 . >«?t *n' (3). 2 .xontz? nip (3).1iy ni33 .tm xxam nyi mi' nso3 mix »n3ns p>nn .it >3x"D3a 73 y»ia' *i o»nan n»'nn 710 i»'n»i nns 033m'137 >d (3). 17 .ion [*i3i 3'wn>i] (x).6 .Tnyw iaix

(3s).21 .nrn oi'na (3s).19 .ntn ni'ns (33). 18 .nixan

[4i3i ynx3»] (x). 23 .ion [>"Tnaxi] (x).22 .mrna D3»',»33X nsn (a). 25 ,i>x Tnai»n» V"t naxi (as).24 .non

a/»

87

[s/na «tt]

ori"m D33 [»mn] 'nnai 'aixi *ay Da»nnapa.1liaiv* onsv. Vki iiyia* onn «|»oin *2W o'ainan la

D'pios naim nsix »3s wrnni nxna* nnn'n>»nis»p» nsy dbtx »3»»»a o'»aii >x»3TX-[i>k liaa] a'-inx

'3K minn ia 7i»i maipan >3a n'sriVnni.5B7» la >y xstx »3xi »nxna n'nxi n»ax

onxoVi a»no m'nn* t'ny n"3pnw naxs i»axn>13 1033303 »aa 0191111 fnixa iaip'1 OTSya

nsa' nMapm n>nna i n»t? omx an onu? i*axn> raip'Vxprn> >na m> n'xn n>nnaa "pa, i'3a DniK.10

na >y na-r x&tp n»ng? >KP.T n» Kin aoia naxn oxvno» ninai [maxy] nx>a nn»n nypan »*ifw riaa'w

naa oi»na n>an3» 'a >ax t?" n»pn> >13» n'nona w» x>i nsjy i3«n imas Tmaxyi nsya o'3©

nsyn ia inx T»3a n»p' n"apn »-m "pyi aniw nxn3.15dikh nx D*n>x '»» nx"i '3© iivmn dis i'J3 T'3ya

inx x>x na n»x xin i3»x» »in naixn ia nsy

T'33 inn na ircx tivki >t? inaaiia n"apn xnanain ia> >y n>y >x nsyn to Q»pn» snn nnx

imxi xin waa mix x>x *n* nsaw xin nnx mx »3 n?n.20s"yxi "pwxnn iicna nsaai o»pn© xin »aa

nVa i3»x© Dixa nx»3 inx nxy imas maxyn©' n'lwap iinnnn oxy Kim spina i3'xi a>iy>

»3 T>y 'aixi apT nnn V'rn i> 7»"iipi

[vosai txa prn] xinn>ya >© [nai mio na] 137 >y© nnm> 'T3 y>o yxi9'.25

T3i Vx»3-T3 naa (a),(>)hon [i>x naa] (x).4 ,nn (x).1.10333 n«/x waa (o)|i0333 iwx »sa »aa (a),(>).8 .oipa >aa

,(>).13 .naixy (k).12 ,>xpTn> 'naa (a). 10 .naip* (a).

9

ana nxns (a),(>).15 .is)ya n>an3 (a),(>)|>aT (a),(xs)(a),(>),(xi)[*no'na nsa'i (xn).21 ,n>y» Vxi (xn).19 .vnv,n>ana C3),(>) f .(o)|inK osy »a (o).22 .ncna nsa^i Dip'©

ixa xin© (>)|v*Dga xin »a (x).24 .apns i3'xi (a).,23

>C7 137 ami? nai >y» (x).25 .wosa Txa psn xin (o)|©'os)3.n>ya

t»,t>-:d© ; 3»,t> :>xpm' .1

oa, ip :n'Vnn .2>,ip :o*Vnn .3a, a» :>kr3i .4

o>,3V :D»n3"T .6k,tV :>KpTn» .12

T',3 :dc7 ;T,3 :n't?KT3 .16x,n» :n3T xnp'i ; 13 :du; ; > :nan n»WKT3 .24

x/od :d» ; x/T>p :*x nniT ; n,3> :n>np ©Tra:n3T xnp'i ; i3,T t»?3 :»a>wn» ; 3/n3 :*a nnit

ax f a> :ina '3tt msx

88

naxi n"ya nxsao? laa d?'t into >y faiaa i»K-ja >yi.1

ansa i'Vy wprii nspn cnoa> nxitff dtx >y n'n n©ya

oxyn ht >yi »a o«?n newa x> iavo'Van >a nawann»xin ia"33* iTTnn>i "pan i»sa tnaaV n"3pn i'n?

[na© D'ya»] -inxV 'a *axi >"t innn nam.

5

ia>iy n'3> d-tkh tdssb;

o'-na3 yTa x>7 »>'a '3m ems n©y3 dtk >b; nn-nff

naat? i> ym nin T"3yn ma run* ©' i»apsr

nVya >«? 131 T'xn TP'i in>» >y tdi3o T^ >"Tn ax

T3y ni> 'n»*n Dp'-f nsi >» «>t "i^ die? Vy xVa ?n1 ma:© na

ys?'>x n> 'ax nai in'73iy >c? inffxV m»y> yff'>x.10

>n n>ya >© iai r» i"1"7 n'33 iV ©' na 'V 'f jn

'a n'aa >a inn9w> tx naxm op'n TnVff >y

'ciyi nn'inv nnyt man n> nax law -pox ox

mmnV n>ya >» i3T mff'tf na >y i> w»i >'xmT33 nT 7'3ya n"apn T33 ncny T*n noa>a hd» tx ox©. 15

n>nn3 oni© in*i'n> isn >y xVx ti>it 13'x mxnxim T>y T33n nm'n> oazyn nT mxa txwo nM3pm

nvnn> D'-naa snia mxn Txwai mwn nsy

nwva'aniwn imxa ixma n'in rmax nnax >y[x'nrc n>>ipa nnx n'ns]

©n3n«7 ca>iy »a>nyVi o>iy> nxisn n> tx© nx»T3.20

n»»y3 nxyn imxa iffxsi m»p3 Tan xin Taiy

D>iy>n] mnx n'H3> nasnai n"apn -inn 13'x nxra n»na

[r>n '3U7T Dy ny oix n'n' x>i n33' x>i mp' x?

in-ixa *pan i»aa «p'an nas' osy imxa, o'as >a >yi

>v -nxa >o Tiin> n"apn Tnytf >"t max ix'n apnaxyn nmx> y»a*i nsyn inns noa> osa'l n?ya.25

(a£))Hnx mx Vy (a). 2 .n"y3 »ns3 nwna (a).(o),(>).1

.9 .nosav; n3«? -mx> (V)lTon [na© o»y3©] (x).5 r^p03

in'isy V© mara Vv <3),(o)|di«7 >y *nViT (3),(o;.(xs;

rixw (3). 14 . *13T tJ'X'aan '33 *©3a nnx n»xn 'nsi

,(>),(33).19 .n>nt>33 wmtff (3).16 ,m*n>^nV (a)-|mw»w

!22 !i'n>p>pa (».21 .non [San n»1a] (x)|n>p>ipa (3)

T a ox (a). 23 -non [ri-ai oViyVil (x)|>m »aan* (xs)

.bsyn n«> y'l'i (o).25 .l^n r»»33

"V Tovn^'gnpin 101 pV», .6

3,t :*3 D»3Va .10-11d© .12

3 f oa :o'>nn .19i> :nTy>x '3m 'pns> .24n :n3T in»>x '3T xan

89

[a/oa «tt]

no»ya ib/xs nsyn -pro it no»ya n»yai acnnai.1o^a»xn Va lama [inna'i] Txa*-! tk=>* obbii»i

maxyi D»i»iinsyn nnna nisi an D»Va>anai n>ya>a *nxn "war

K»ne? »3sa omnn iVap» o'wi >x-ifc» ynx iy Vna>aaDa'Binap nx nnis »3an *3c; mincn nwnp Y"i*.5

nanaix >x oanx *nxam »ay oannapa panic »m>yrnD*nanv nnin> nn»»m oaa »nn »nn3i ia inxi

>xiff» ynxa »n>iT Tno»3 T'>ap» l'x Y"ik* nxihawx> x»nn n^yan noa x*n nas?3n» i»vayv naVa

>p3i it >an m»n> »*ra nviip Dip on 'n>i t nn.10- DDipna i>a>an* x> >kw» Y*ixa© o.*nan '»npi

vn'i ona oaam ami Tin aaipaa x>xx'oaa T3 yiann? *n D»nan n* 9nn no

nM apn T»nv\a 'aix»a»w» i>x i»na vn' 'aa? inan »3»«7» n>nna m*nn>.15

DiTmaiTi apy»i pnx» omaxi Twxin dtx inan>xw ytx [-inoai] nM an -inn na -inxi anaymxa naina onysai D'»ian nitcaioi m>a3a

Ynxn mssaa nnxV *3«7 ian>a>a nn'Vta nysanD»iap3n srrpn yvr omx o*p» »txi nsaa a»ytzn ny3'i.20

»a n'ntz/an ixVan t> >y orin»a n>ap x>w nainanxaiD nn t»x nViyVn o'»nn \~iK3 i3io>© tx

Din isnapn Tiap **na it nao >yi >x-iw» y~»n3 mi©»inB7 inanx xoon x>i >i>n o>n>x n>>p »a xinn

nnn am 0333 xVn Y"»xa mi» nxaio t»x.25

(V)|no»ya iwx (aa)lnoyati -nxwa nsyn (a9).(xs),(x-i).1hpna'i (x)|icwsn»i (xn).2 ,n©y3 -nxrca (a)[no»y3 tixko

.9 .nms '3X nsn (a)jnma »a3x nsn (o).5 .nina inna'i (o)

.D'HQn D"nn no (a;,(aa),(39).13 .n3V»>yn n>yan (3).(>)nso >y (a),(>).21 vD?«nian mxano (a). 18 .noai 00.17

.lna-rx nx (a)j-|na*7x nx xaon x>i xinn di'3 (>).24 .-jx>»

.DCff nosas x>i (o),(i).25

3/na-x/na :'a nmT ; 3/oo-x/do :'x nmT :T*y ('iin >ai).1a,»n'i :xain3n ; t,ix :na*r n»©xna .4

a',T> :VxpTn» .5t,tV :>xpTn' ,7

(o,aa :n»ffXT3) tot t nsoa T'y .15n,a :>an npax tsoi

nsnn

t3»,ia

90

[x/> -It]

xVi mpan mans >xnw» ynxsa? n»nan] ia»s>i nnx mn.1[>na?r] ynx> nan naff [n»nan i>x naip» »n>33 nnx man a

[i>x] ima i»n» x>x »an'. tk> 'ax T'iyav n

Vxn&> ynxscr D»nan>xn©» nannat? o»nan i>x iiaip» 'ti>33 nvnn ana *3u?

Vxiff' ynxa x>k n»>nn T>apa t»w'»b> n'»nn x>i na»p ona

xVx d»na.03»K onv nnsn '3'©' i>x nsy >3ai«? naa.ni ix'pn.5dv&'821> T»t nnxVi nnx oipaa T.aivv »aa nsy »3»w»

Kin© >aa T2t>pn x>x n*»nn x>i na'p xV nna *px ia*s>ifnan »a'»w» in* T3»np xn >yi iri3»a y»pai /je?'

max ia»B>i [li'ian »na x>i]..D-*-i-a -»na—t>k csTViSn ^»sn d»xdi ynxv ix»pn

>»sn naaa nxaion oiVsn [ynx3»].10ixaew 'asa D>ny> pimay x>i [iaip» x>©] nm? nxa> omx

nn 'lrian- >?sn cxsn xan aina n"apn >» nanx>a> ia'np»i >xnw» ynx *na'i»n» nVnnai iaip» >a q'ksi

aip» >xn»» ynxa napsn la's^i oViya© o»nan nx»>y >m t i3imn D'>ni o'3»3y nasi n?nan n'»nn> n>nna.15

o'nan n»*nn> n>nn xm oip»e/ >sw ynxa naps© »ana m n*n' na» nya o#> wb3 xarncy ia>ai

iB7S3> [naT'c?] o»anm D'Vnm D»3'3yn >aa yimnVymn »nn Dff> napsm ynxa mn isia>i

lanVm ynx> nanns© o»nan nxe?V o»nan n»*nn> a»np»» n>in:in.20

lar naa D'aann T3 npiVnaa o»nann -["iin >"tn nT

Dnnsia D'isino dh D»i3im n"nnl? n"nn i»a n»n'»ixn i»xi nyi »xxia> a»ne/»i i»aa> o»3i33 oVai

dxi "p-ian »3»u?9 [is*?'] na nnxi on'nsn >y a»©n>nizrx 'sa aViy '3a >a nxwV o»anp3 [o3»x] on na »39a naxn.25

'i3i "pyatz? *n x> »an t»x ynx> nannae? cnaa na'sVi (x).1i>x] (x).2lin> 7 3'np

(3)iy'P'i tw* -(a).8 .nay »3ai» (o).6 .non(x).10 ,D"ma »na (a). 9 -non [*Tai x>t] (x)

.16 .D'xsn ynx (a). 12 .non [iaip» x>] (x).11 .ynx> nx-iriaw

n»x 'sa >xne?' ynxa nspn> nsr© »a (3),(>),(xa),(xs),(xn)(x)|D»3T>yn >30 yim (xa).18 ,ina«73 (xd).1? .i3nmynnomx ypn> o*npa n3'x (3),(>)|non [d3»x] (x).25 .d»p«

.nnyan nns onw

x/03 nn >ff mnxns 02 T'y:o>y3n sennas xatasw mx*3n imx> nam o»nan n»»nn mxr:d© ; x/T>p :dbt ; x/Top :a\tr ; 3/a'P - x/a»p :*x nniT

a/xap :n© ; 3/xs? :o» ;x/x>p(o>y3n wnna) x/osp :'x nniT .2

o',ia :oe? j n»,ia :n»y»» .12 ,9 16 ,5 ,3 »2n»,i3 :n'?u' .12o',ia :n'y©» .13

x/x'p :maina .16ns :o»x3n wnna .21

91

[3/> If]Tiewin dtk nnw myan -pn3 ina© ia»7pn.1

[Y*iK3© o*nan a*np spyi pn2t» amain] n>nn qw napsmiytt»l 12£»i?»B7 >"T3 X>X

nsaiD nx>a yinm mapa on»3a mxna nnatt? >y

133T ra >yi ^xne?' ynxa a* nap an D'voni d'P'ix>y xVx oViy> ix»an x>» n»x-in mx> n"pn n»yrc i»3ya.5

nam >x-»<z7» Yixatf a»ria n»n» n"apn 13 x>a a>nynay »33T«7 133m i3t»pn nax*i mya3 ysisn' >ip na >"t

di>«? an >y i33vi inaam uv on*.3 an nx>a y">n *?* K.a*

YT«> nsnnaw a*nan4»s>x iTyVx *n *axi nna^a x>a o>ny

|nan '3»e?' [ix»p» la] inxi n>'nn iaip»n i»n».10a>iyn >a mx-i>

naini 'n»s x> »*x na Y'axi a»aiK ana nna»a n>aisnaa >xi©' 'ywiD an» iar nmxa iaip' Vxnc?' 'ysnDa

a?yvin iniKi o!nya T>»sn nsa x>7 xnspnp iiaain'sn x>i nai^ci xVa man -nnnn i>p>pi [iraw] iaa'y »x»ipa

n*ana o»v>an ocnxi on»>y isa»© o>iya zm».15V»ap> Vxia?» yi^ 1x22*1 i>a>an*»3 omaa nanm Vx*i©»V

DTy3r yixna? noxi T*" nay» x>i vn' x5 nn ina»3V»xin YTK3 napsi Y"iK3 maw s"yxi nsaa

naiwnn »3sa Taiyp nai i> 7»xct naiwn x>a maniVa» x>i man nai'vna nmntf ana nanm.20

nn ana inui omx n'na n"an n»3iy i*ap» aw>naiarna. dixt Vx iai©>87 iy o>iy iixtt>i ni.shnV Tmi2»p» Tsy naix »3©»a D»am 'inan Tax on*>yi na»>w

>ax o>iy tixtiVi msin> n>xi a^iy >*n> n>xD'snsn la Yin on nai^n »>ya npma >xne?» >a.25

|annapa i>ytf an'3'a (>).3 .maxm (k)|dct!? naps (>).2,(>).6 ,i3nj» ia >yi (xs).4 .onapa lap (a)|nnawa (a)

ia](x).10 .*axn D>iya nna^i (a). 9 ,o»nan n'n* (a),(p)(x)|i3ay '3aa (a). 14 .nann naxi (a). 11 .-ion [ix'p'Inaicnn oipaa laiy© 0).19 .niaa amx (>).18 ,nxa»

.engine i»n»i (o).22 .naiwnn '39> (a)

a/13 :'x nmT ; a :-iTy»>x 'ani ».pns .2

x,x nxs :»aVum» ; a/i> :mana .19a,3' :>x»3T .23-24

92

[x/X> *p]

onn'a n»e?3 i>»dx "piy Ttfpa«? mm tit >a3© n»3s 'Tyi.1

Tin Visan nn 'k?3kb yin t't> nas'i imp' a>iy.n >3i

xsn o>iyV p>n on> »' nanan in ono 'b?ixi na>sn

n>yaVa Dn»>y on'oxn o'nan n"nn> Tn'i i'n3 nay'iX*i*ny o'lan >ai onapa D'nan >ai innxi n»a.5

op3' xin ins Dom i'i3 may>i oip>xpim >xnw»y ic/yw mnn >a Vy o'aVry nap3 ona

on> tx >xni?' ynxa inaw ociSK >3X ynx> nxinaff D'nan

o'nsnn >ai 'tnaw laa imp' >a o*xsn *3w naipn'annas o'TTisai o'amoi o'ama nVxn.10

'- ^ ? n-3 n en x-i—n 3 n -nmc-o-«i t^&a—d±3 '3 yn -i yn *w—V-t-n>y inmynn vnpn nax>a o'anyn D'aann ia

'©'ffn =|Vxn nra n»n».rif >3tf mm i>xn o*3Taynxa>y 'in [»a»] »s>x kp»b .naiw o'3"3yn >y i3immnaa? iVa o>iyn >3i *"> noa© xin n'y?3Pfn 3 '*in ini.15

3'nn ini'tnaw] V»t onaxa o»3«nnn dtx '33 rc'i '">D>iya [nan txi] nnx T'xi bpx txi ann' o>iyn >aw

inn] xinn oTa ina> '" aa©3i naxa *n' xin 'n>irnax3 T>yi *"> na» dt xins? »y'3S7n *iVxn

w»' [n>'> x>i dt x>

x> D'X'as.m i'aa> Vina ma; xin i»3yn nr 'a nyn>

x'33 n'n xV nx>.m db/»i n'»an ma» Ty x>x ix33nn.20naxa noaw xin© oi'n mix >y *nViT nan oikt xas©

*]>x ihti n>'> k^-dv x> '"> »it xin nnx- dt n*mn>'> xm m» x> naxs T>yi '"> na© dt xin© n'yacm

n>'m dt dti dt >aa 'axs n'^xns nrcya >33any »n»i [a'nan]

,(o),(>),-(Ka-).9 .oViy naps (xs).7 .T'Tny D'nan *ai (a).

5

(3S>,(xS))|D'n37n 1JTB7 (3) , ( o) , (>) .11 ,13TaXK7 133 (3),t|>K3 no xin nr >ai& (a),(xs).13 .omx nisi o'13-rn i.»1»w

|Ton [na^] (x)Id-ix '333 ©*i (>).16 .non ['3©] (x).14

T3ya (a),(D),(>).18 .non [n3T txi] (x),17 .an.n (kb)

,(xs).20 .xVoai >iuno (3). 19 , non [ri3i inn] (x)|inax

(>)|*"> yiT (o).22 .n'©an ma' >y x>x (3)|ix33ti3 (a)

.non [3'nan] (x).24 .'yawn (o).23 .iVxn inn

3/3,'p - x/tp :o'n3T ; n> :nry>x 'am 'pns .2

x/a> :man3 ; ny,n :xain3n .3T,ia :n'y«7' .93,iC3 :o'n3n .1.5

x/ts :T'n"Tn30 ; x/x> snawn ©xn .16a/ap,x :rn3 '3nn msx

t,t :n'n3T ; a', nop :o'>nn .18t,t :n»naT .22a,x :n'©xna .23

93

[3/kVtt]*ax3 nr >yi np3 x>i any x> 'axs x> nawai npa »n»i.1

n>'> x>i dt id i»k© m»n imx *"> y^T ins dt n*mnnnosn ia oya. »i>a,3 ri3»*na naann 'ino hot

K'n naff [nxnpsn] na-nan nmx 'a i>>n .

^xa »d [»y»3wn] *]>xn irnx3 o»ai3ynn rnwsa cnp>n.5it o*»>wn n»'y»3«rn oti "pasw mo^n >a i>a» 'e?©n

xV -iwx [o'aiaynn] m^sa cnp>> n>ym nmancmp na irnff ysarn 7a »a m>an TaTa nop>

n3'x m>an iai3ff n'33> oi»n no3Tsa x»n m>an Tary3^3 nsaB? n>ys>is msnns n3»xi yso7 nopiV.10

*x-iu?» ipsa'© 7»--n>»a >k? a»>an"T»a 033* x>c? n"3nT»y3 X3X X>1 Blip 13TP3 11QK3 naa >C7 D»Vb?1T»3n»»an »a» i»n* tkt X3 m 72 mawan >a n>3'»3i

maaon >a iVd»b/. iv xa "m t^ t»x p>n pnsa >"t naKTK^m [inxi] inx >a p'n >x T.aivn o»nan n'*nna epaaw.l^

xin Taim o»7>i3> nn> ma»3 »>a x»nn nmaninn ix©3© a'-in *rm >"t iiokb naa nman it >y

nffon nxnps 'y*3w *i>x nana nxT »a mwsa x>axin n»y»3©m n3© o's>x [tiara]' no n'lxa d»kst D*3p73.33 >xn©' iay> nnV» o'aiaynn m©s3 oip>> '"> naip.20

[n^ra nT

]

n»y'3»n n.Vxn xin 3»in im naa> n3«7 D'sVxnman ysnntj? is nn>in x>3 o>iyn txcp'sp

n'.n» 'Txi nn> mtPD3 oip>m n>ya >g? niana x»nny-in na' -nyiy »n>a o>iya nn^in m»n> crrn D>iy

(x).7 .>3 i>a (o).6 .n»y»aam (x).5 .ntnaa (x).4n3'a^» (o).9 ,n> n»nw (>).8 .nop> nam nx (xa) |o»ii3ynnn

|n>ya manna m*x (as)JnVya *ii3n3 (xs).10 . m>an Tar >3ff

,(>).15 .n>ya >e? (xa),(xa).12 ,n>ya amna' tnarina (a)(o).(>),(xa),(xa).16 .ion [inxi ] (x)|ina«73 naaiwn (o)(x;.20 .ion [mw] (x).19 .nwwn naw (o).18 .maws x>3

.non [ciffo? nT]

a,x :n»G7XT3 .1

t,t :n»T3T .2x/n :n»3yn .11-12

n,n3 :dk? ; i»,a3 :*3 ii3n ; x/ao :niaa* .133/nx : '3 nmT

x/n smi n*ri3y .14x/tx :]»Tin3 ; x/x> :nawn »xn .16

3/ap ,x :]n3 'an maxn»,T> :d© ; 3>,na :.ni'av' .19

a,icu :d»T37 .20

94

[x/3> «ll]

»33o i<z?sx »x oViva nr*i>in n©y» ht m.ip naxn ax©.1*3» rnnan n?»nn> n»n» y-in nac >103 '3 'k d'T37 »3<p

osnwaa taxn a> nx 'tin'onr *aixi nxsV man y>3

Vyi n'^an xa a-np i>3 i33«? "pan imxs maff3 i»x '3 a

cnp» 0y»3»n] «]>x xa iwx Vy n>iy3 cm>in i'x 13.5D'nnX D»>3H »T373 13> HX'B?' >X1 JIIDWI 'flinil

[d>3] miD'i 3-in* D>iym& *ai> minx myia«]>xn inx>i naae? nx»n na*rxnv ['y'3»] •iVx imx3

»s> nxnj?© -ry n>nnaa oix *33 n"3pn n»n* [»y»awn3. ni»ri>'n>»>n' n>»>n nsnnxn mnan n"nn onyt.10

T»nyn aion >a Dn».na"T>. *»axw nxrn nyia in 'ht p*>»3»an73*nn an? n'c?an X3»i xin '©em =nx3 >x-iw»> "ryan

on»iai>-ta nx n»nan [i»n»-i-] snpan ma n33»i n'yac?mia'i >»xtn yans ni>vm nnatzm n»nn op oya

naai nrn m>aa nnxni mnn 13*3103 n>ym naV T&.15n>pan »a^ nnoan >y na it m3iK?a m-pixa' naai nnae

lann'i >'xin D»x»33n 1X33© mxi33ii "imx >3i

aio yana xVx xira* xV aitarii Ta [n>nnaa] ima'im>a T3y >y itiyi >xi -p>x aic?n

i>y«?a fa inxVi n3© 4y [>a3> omxa >.ki»'» i>atp] >33.20

oya »n>TT anp ay 'arxii ] D'oni'an amx b»a.i>-y x>

x>w D'om'on amx i*y qy n>i in' >3i iyTaT»ny orrpan n?3i >*xinnax [i>y

'xo TX3 nx<zm> ia> 3io o»»p-' n»n» »>v n>nnaa. ain»>nx »nxm n3W3>x naa»x »n3na nx »noB7s wni

n^xa [ins xmernTn Vnn] m>an 13© >3i *i3i 'Vanmpixai nns naa D»>aio >xier>i mxi*i i3'3'y.25

(x).8 ,'n V»a (x).7 .n»y*3© (k).5 .*»>33 "13:3K?^?? i(o).'(V).10 .a>*nn33 C3)|n'y»3» (x).9 .noaa? nxwn (a).|n»y»a»

,4»3©

nam (o),(a) ,(V).(3s),(x3).16 .n»n'i (x).13 .n>»>m on

maiwnn omx (a). 17 .maiva -oiyii law (3)|m3i27a myn(x).20 .nnyi >yi (s).19 ."ion [nVnnaa] (x).18 .nxas©(x)|iTxa oya (o)|nyxa oya (xs).21 .Ton ['i3i n>aB7]

(3).22 .xVi n>nna3 3»nn »ipa (o).21-22 .ton [ 131 'wxm]o'>3io (a),(o),(>) t (kB).25 .nrn mxn (k).24 .nan ix^nV

,cn>nan nnxm niynn

13, iV :>xprn' ; n,ns :n->w> .3x',i :n?su' .8

ns,' :n»yffl' .21a.n :o»TC7n tp .23

95

"[3/a> «n]myimn mncjsnn imx >y m>nn m.«?p mni.1

iKvn> did x>n van a n»n> aiom >»xim 13^ nn'nymit '3 x»nn nym ia n>»>n n>»Vn x>x rnVan -jiro

o>iyn >D3i nmnn >33 naomsan n>iiin nnoanni»wy.aa'*-»» na©» *»rm i»33 oy nM 3n nna© m*n>.5

isnroanw nirifiann imx >3i nansi n>m nnow.

rnVan TittnTviaa lyi o>iy> na"nn *tx itmna[inai] xism o»9>x »i>x naiom n'navn -pxnn is

moB?3n i>3 xV T'ly© nrn iaT3 i*vav >3Xnx* 030 >y ["113.3 na»»pna n3'x nxm nnm] "ii3.av.10

niTiaiy p.i»na yinTi3 [n>iy>] mxa »nn tim s ^ * 3 <* m»Ta

ofip ma«73n i>3'«?

n'*nn> oaipa >x nntrnn tnavan imx n*©an X3ma imxi >»xim isiaxa ia3 oi»p dh> nrnn o»nan

nn>in mc?y> nm,n i«3» i»xa "i3»» maeran *>3tx 3nn xin 133 »3 mx o© i»x 'ina? omyn ht>.15

•nns o"pnn> oi>p >© rnann m.nn oip>V ii:n> n>ynenn mm *'ns nr >yi o*»iyn mV nx^m owa Tnn>

x'33n nxi33 nnn imx3 o»»pnn 'Txi D33ip3 inxnxa 13 xoinm ma' n3© nxa 13 nyan.'»3 'axe;

fl'^Biv »nyc?a mapTi o»3pT iae?» my] >Vip» n3«7.20nsin nn mnoann i>x >3 ['iai

naai psoi gram »>3 naxn inn n3a»'pnnarattnnn »S3 xin i»xi i»3yn >3 i»an "|> 'maic?miX3 nnyi nns3 D'naix n«?x "fy onyra mswna

xVi n»T9 x> ow i*x nsnnxn o»nan m»nn inx> '3

n»m 'aixc? pica ixxai mu?n »3X>as i»n» x>x n»3-i.25

(s). 3 .iS5?'> 3ion x>n (>).2 .mVnan nnxni mn (a).1xism (x).S .D>iy3 (a).7 .hxt »3 (a),(>),(xs>) Imyin

,i>33 x> i'»7y«z? Tana i"iy i»K73y (o).9 .lian (>}|133t(3). 14 .ion [o>iy>] (x).11 ,->on [*i3i nnm] (x).10

,18 .x>x ann (a)|>xi snn (>)|n>iyn nT3 (o).15 .mnnn(>).21 .ion [*i3i i3c;» my] (x).20 .x»33n mxi33 (3)

.n»n» x>x (3). 52 .i>.»nT»iw ia3i naxn iht

x>,ip :o»>nn .5x/n ;mr nmsy .9-10

a,i :n?»xn3 .1113, i> :>xpTn' .17-18

3, no :n*ytf» .19T,n :n»T3T .20

96

[x/aV*p]ori i> nax' ump D'^uii'i ntnsni ii»x'a nx»3n.1

dtx '33 ni'ns pnosn nts fia^n t » a.yn '3 n>»>nixonV dtk *33> nn9on yin ns' naoa oi'n

D'pmnoi axons D'a^Vnm *n» x-nsn '3 9^

*3*r3 cnpn y-iT> nu *wx3 oipa >ff i.-nun 170.5D'pim nan -iffx "ry a»!?np on"m Dnanpnm

Dauy xaa> nxaion V»x o'Dipnni nampn 1 o

*n 7'xi Ksna nopan tkb? xmn iaT3 >3Xosmsi D'omp .i'»n» dVd omx nns'w

Tax* Blip D'^on': muni its3 ikbihi *".10( 3© 03>B3 ip3"T1 n^TTpn >X 131pn' '3 1>

on ik wn? n"3pn no 03'n>x *"3 cpam onxi

'-n mx iaun mx '" n'n' mxt D'emp d>13 ]3 Da

nsp' mVisnn 71331 np> «j»oin> >'3»a >3> ni3maix >y tznD> 13V «?' nr nx'3M3"m >'xim.15

ixai nxaion ixa on30 -itax o>iynoViyn in n"3pn i3T3y»i opVn nxaion nn mix

xV T3 dx ynxn 7a tsjk nxaion nn nxi *3»

maix oxi D^iyn >33 a>iynniaix T'lxa i*n'

n'wan i^a T3 n-»nn nVffaa it *x T'ista i»n» x> D>iyn.20kds; '3>a] 13'k?' nn3» o"xi v<»ann »3>a *»n3 xVm

(!) 113EW1 [l3'ip' T3WX X301-|i-T3y x> -iwx hsVaam »ian »3 D'sVa >3 i>

*i3i nmp'30 on'tnuffi T3»x D'3Va I'm i*i3x»

oViyn ta ny33 n'n' x> nxaion nnu '"in T3 dx

ny-rV nnx -pian 7"i2ta D>iyn maix 7»x iy33 dxi.25

,(5). 2 ,n>'>m on D'V»n'3 D"nV 3ici3n >3 i> nax' (3).1-vi-ViK&am Tina -imsn (a). 10 .D>iyn '33 m'na (o),(a)

(xs).14 .DDK "|K (3). 12 .Dn> ipi3?l (3),(V).11 .D*>C?1T3(o),(V).17 .maix 7'3y >y (0), (*),(>). 15 .np> tot

n>waa na (o),0),(3s).20 ,T3V nxaion nn oxi nxaionTxixa (xs).25 .ion ['131 X3» '3>a] (x).21 .i>a> n'nn

. ny-r> ttx

i,i :n»yw .1

T,3 :d» ; ia,x' :xip'i .6a,i :n'y©' .10t,i id'Tdt .12d,t :n'T3T .133, a' :n*i3T .18',ay :D'>nn .21

x',3y :o'>nn .223',o :n'ye?' .22-23

13, oa :n'y<z?' .23

97

[a/x*^]D'nain Ti33n >yi naxa ny-rV -jV ©' i»*na >y Tl»3?n J.1

T»k n>iyn mai.x o»3s >3 >y '3 o*a"p on

n"apn n'oan© en ri ban a "i> nm jim Ta T>oanaD»a>am ynxn »ay >3 nnsa i> mV©> n'©an -|>a>

Tn* n>iyn niaui oa'aiiai oanax T33 '33i *3©.5i»n» ox© max n©x Vyi lam nrnxa "j»a"p[navna] nxaio nn i'x 7am imx3 pa"?

ray nxaion mi '3 "|> nn o>iyn iaa>iyn la y>i3'i nViyn ia n"apn mix

isn [imx3 D'pat] i»n» x5n naon nmxa lain' ann o*»Tam.10n7iay> n'nnaia i»n»i >'xin 'a naxa T

9 »xn* «a»i

oViya T,f y nsiax p"p* x> xim n»©an i>a

xin a©n3 »tx o>iyn to TM y n*na' x> xin i>x©

T3ya mnnanV n'3 mtnm V'xin na"pa 1>X3T>y n>yn T©3a T"y n»nan xV©3 -]>an naV©.15

oa>a 'inx na>© i>'i '3© T"y >raiy xin i>xa *manm©iy i'n© y-in >y 73 *aixi yin na>© ©yi 'aixi

n'n 'a m [nai] n»v xin© *" n'©a iaa oi>©i om i'©3Dan Ta© >a >>3 T"ya m©aa 7»x© naxa yn*

'man i»>y n>yn i'©3 t: nn'a x>© >y xT?x imasn'©an i>a 73© >3 m©iy 7n© na n©y xin i>X3.20

im©n nnm it nnn [d'siss] i'n' o>iyn '33 >3©nn -pay n"apn© nnxa x>x ova nna» x> xin©n»T33 D3anV o'lan >a nm* o>isn to nxaion

7'73 nay© imx na> *n' *ian ii3y txi ©tpnix-i"i iya©' cmx©3ni T"y 'aj.3 nn'xia [oipan].25

>3i (o),(>)|yTxn '>ma 'ay (x).4 .ion [7»3yn] (x).1,(as))j-iyana (x)|nxaion nn (3.),(aa).(as).(xs).7 .o'a>anmxa n»na7 r*n» (x).10 .yixn 7» (>),(xs).9 .mayna (o)

(x).18 .nnan x^»© -ry (o),(xs).15 .xin dx© (>).13 ."rxn

lo'msa (x).21 .y-TT n»n xin 'a nT nan (a)Jnon [na"r]

>a (a),(xs).23 ."pss n»n» o>iyn >a (o),(>),(aD),(xs)(a),(»-),(aa)f(Ka),(a)-,(KD).24 .o>iyn >a (o),(>) |maixn

.oipaa (x).25 .amx »ci>it

™

98

[k/t> Tt]033n> x>© nm yn ists ny m»y> is'ot x>i.1

nnn inn n»»an i>a> n3»> »txi ©7pn n'naa[o»ay] d»»313 i»n -»wx3 no? n»33 i3»xa -iwx3 im«ni m

0'iay irm onVny iva-o'Via nn maix -ixtpa

rniaiK nxffi.n'3>an an»a» >3 nn>.5'0333 1»i1» VTX »09X >31

D'ma'ia' anay vn'i axnxa i3»'i anpn n?T33maix nT -pia I3»s>i >mw» >3>i n*oan iVa>

n'3S >d >y >Dan nKoiBH nnr iVoan' x> D>iyn,>»awa>' »n oyna Tana wnsia i»3yn iT? '"im.lO

Tmaxn dtp [m] no> p7n Kin ny^ nTon 03 7*>sm n»s's ?Vn >y

lain Tanm ni3»nx *>3 cayia tbt >y an3i3mD»i3i3 tikk k>i ii'Vy ysn xixaV V"a»a>-imT3 mm* D»>»3warn onans tibtx x>x.15

no .lyi o>iy> D'aanaa cann 'p»Txai y»p-monpn y-ir> 'n* nvm mx rvi'xn ]'jy n'X'Xn

Trial D»ayri >a T»a o*'&«n3 i»"T3y i3nnn> »-ra

n'a»n >a i3> aio> ana i3ioyi nmxa no ia>>xw> n"apn imp mxan >3i xan oViyn noa i3ni3T>.20

Dn'misux »» »amK >'n3n> 4 3© or* oVmn^ *"ra

>y in»»wyi"-n»mxa' no >"t max -iaa ri'ar'xn x>ax*yn' 'an* *ian mx >ax nTa -pTxn> 13> tx ian>anm Toinm o'D33 *iz ia - va>nn> anpn ynr>

-naT> 'ia xm n'X'xn T3y no »a yn» i»3y> >an.25

'bo-13 (o)Jnon [o'ayl (x).3 .nnna (o),(>),(3a),(xa).2(xa)j'" >'3©a> »n (xn).10 ,D'>ia3 Tn (xn).4 .cayl»na ,>»a©a> (as)|o»3x xnpn y*ax arnan pm .>'a»a>

:.,..•: no3T»>»9m ri'x'x 'E/'(tfn p?nn (xn).11 .T'oa xaamn*2'x p>n >y'n3iaxn DTP m 110' p7n "TO HT (a-i)|on3.iam

c;xt i»3yi 3iD dti na© t*3y noi onsiam oiioa rV'sm. r o»pm a>na 1C73 oi3* nx»>n o'x>3 n>»a 3^iV nsio n3c?n

(3s)|7ioa T^sm n'X*^ p^n (xs)JTan >y onsnarn n^'tapah»>»am n'S'2 p>n >y -nailaWl DTP m 110' p>n iy^7 HTnt (>)|niiBxn dtp mno» pVn ny^ nT (aa)|(a-r)=(xa)

onos i»>sm ri's'i: p>n >y naiaxn' DTp m 11D' 11?n lytff

naio n3u?n ©XT i"3si aio' 'di »i 'cov T"3y noi snsisnionsiarn n>'op cpi'i 3>na iwn ma» ns*Vn o»x>3 n>»a a>i>p^n ID B7» iy© HT (o)|Dn03 l?V'9m P'X'X p>n (a)|Tan >y(>),(o).2o .nia»nx x>3 (o).i3 inniaKn ciTpi mn mnc

,max3 «7» (3). 21 .nin o>iy no3

a,3» :Vx*3-t .15-16xa~T/»,ic3 :n3*ra3 .17

X3,n :»>wa .21

99

[a/7!? tt 1

xos >y -awn *ynn 'n» xinan nm'>yn rnnaa [imxj.1noi is x»»i>n I'Dinm wipn >3'n niTit.a' >y

Taos yn» [710 >y 7»om] 3"V on 7"»oinni .osicn nVannKoan.vn n3T>yn nasnn nnna mysuan nii'nsn

osma n>i>3 nasnn x&onan X0331 x©3nn.5o»a>iy nEiT d>3 ysw nenn »3i onmoa nyso/ai

inn d»V nann n>3nn -pn3 oiun xin xosn tioin>3n >"t dtbx.s [laipa] ty n>ya> iy n>iy i>e?

?&i..y'.. doi ti-asn sosV nan y»pm y»p7> nan on o»> nanlowsn* bi?ai nny no >yi msa >y 7 nan. 1.0

n>snn [7103] ivn 93303 D'tnxan noaV o'saynon 7»K3 ms»n3 3">3 Dnn3 gipan m 72 >snoh 7axa3i D"m n3»na 7103 n>yaV o»pipn

Tan Kin n>3nn 73 7103 s"yx '3 osaxi o?n>nminn 'nnos twanan xosn >y.15

7133 piay nnx 737 w»717 xo3> xo3 xin nVsnn 710 »3 ny7 'X3tia>

[n>iyi 77i»] n>3an 7?,7,nma [tio] x»m nnVsnnsax3 nn»n 7»X3 imowa: 7aiy n'>3n 710 Vyi

D's' D'anan >3 [nax] V"t o'asn nr 7'3y >yi inx. 20.

7aiy inaiam mo »3 Vy nVsnn 7a yin oi>n>x»m in7 >y o'73iym *ynn *n' dot »a»ik m>3>

l>an na'xa] 07xn inm> nymn nyiann 710[mxn xon* x>t? 7i3T>i mix mxnn

inn ni3n> nasia nyixnn »nn ix> oxi [ix7i3>]*" ma:a >3 nx] on73Ti imx on'xmnax 710.25

n»m nt [nax 7*2^2

(a),(>),(*«),(K7).2 .xo3n >y (3),(xs)Hon [mix] (x).1(xs)|xo3n i3i (3). 4 .7»3y >y 3M > (x).3 .isina 7"i>n

nyso?3 (3). 6 .onsa n>i>3 (a)|xo3m (a). 5 .xosn »3i.11 .maipa (x).8 .n>3nn 7"3y3 O).? .onmoai D3ina

,(>),(x3),(37),(x7).12 .o'Tmxn (xs)jn>3nn oin3 nsn-n (x)(•«'). 18 ,ni3'n3 3M>3'omn (a)|ni3»n3 omn oipan (3)

(3),(>).20 .n>iyi n77T (3s)|77»i n>iy (x)|7on [710](a),(xs).22 .mVnV (V). 21. ion [nax] (x)|nT Tan p'jymxn nnrnl? (x).23 .inim Vy (3),(>)jm3i3n >y o'73iy3

(3),(a),(>),(xE)),(x7)|ix7i33 (x).24 ,7'oxnVi 7»3n>,n»m nr 7»3y3 onian (x).25 .mp>n>

x/ds :7»>in ; 3/aa :mn3ao,x :*x

100

[x/nV tt]

x^ana x'in [n*>] n>33Vixa »m mix nsn iiwan >a.1

-nz?x inxona naT3 n'n imx o-rxn tnxia ?'ms"yxi D':m *ax& naa isit3> aon xt n»m xon

n'na? ©n3n rcxn T'3^ *»' n*3"i- ccn-i's nax»na iiasn i»3»ni yaon"*i3«n osn nx mxinV.5

Dn'XTI HT T3V3 T31 T1 HX11 OTXil PTHD HOKB?

ins DTxm nvisnn [*in] nx> oxn on'owi oman imxi»miioa T'>sn nnan. b^ 1? n a twin a ^oynn?

noa n»on on© o'-itffpn Tioi T3»3ynia>na on© o»»nn yy V«? nsa? mxa n.10

ne?an nor o'D^snai ma»nan noa o»-iffpnai

noa yn' -pay »a nr T»3»a ontz? irmin '©ain

»va3 yn? toi >am a'xnpn in' ay rt3»a 'Ty» 3

Vy mxn im'an >iyn xin ri'S'sn run »xjna>

m>y> xoa xnm n»>n >aya iff»> 'ia n>nna nKir.15x'n i'>s»nmmxa x-»n ri'S'xn »ai*>y T>snn

o»a>y> msan >y n>n x*n nsupni n»np;;on T>snn 'a o'a'n >a noswa nai

T»anV Ta»ix lax ia >yn xoa >y aan "no

nmx i»an> n>nna -pis xoam aann >ia* xoa.20oa ia nnxV aann xa> n»na *noa myoVi

nsias n-nayn m»n> maa xoa Vy aw»i moana-na ia 7»oaa3 o>iy>i nayVi o>» a*a mw»iD>iy>i Tima x>i enpa T>yan n>na> nsop

D3an> xa> 'ixn fx »a mx&n >y nampn T3'«na.25

,O),(»«0|o''inK d'bub (a). 4 .ion [n*V] (x)|n»an ixa (a).1

y'sia --n*nw cmsn a?xn (x)|mxinV i*3y >y o'nnx D'cns (a)

.ion T»nrr] (x).7 .n>inxn cnoisn >aa iom (x) i»n anaa pn

(x-0.15 -.»a ht Tioa onw (a), (>),(*«.). 12 .i»a» nna (a). 10

.aann -no.(3) f (K9).19 .on r>snm (>).16 ,i»>n ^Vaya

x/na

101

[a/n> «n]m»3p»T d'T3 n©npn x»n© nai'Vyn n>yan tio^.1

>iya isasy ipn> [ia>i ©» o'3s >a >y 'a n>»>n n>*>n7i»>ymy©> 0333 >iyn just n^nna nuonTT>yn ny© "noa 03an> [otx>] 'ixn 7*xi

niDi Viyn m »n>axax id inx>i [n>nna] pis 'ny© »> inns.

5

ny© *no xm© n* mix oa

nwTTf 7 a [n^nna] 03an> ©» n©npn "noa *»dxi 7i»>yn" laTTWna© T'Vsn »arTayr*""naa nViira* nsop

noKi man >y 7"n©n >mn np»yn

T>y xnp3 '»» 0© »a ynxn »»y >a ixm >"'T o»aanT>sn i>x 'as >mn itp>x 'n x'3m laa ixvi.10

T3»x >a t? »>B7 7V*>»sn >>aa icsan xVn ©xna©n>sn "no 'd t >©V y»3©an ©xi V© laa n>yaa

nn»3© D'Tnxai ©xn >©a x»n nVapa ?» >©'39on napsi 13T nana nana

isx ©xt >©a n©npa nsop x'n t 5»© n>sn©.15Pima x>i ©ipa T>yo unrnV o-np na 7*0333

o»a©inn omx> nT t»»oi n>na> nsap nonpai[ni3T>yn mma>] nsnnxn nman no »a

mmoa nsnnx x»n© laa nsnnxa nn> Tansusx»n nsnnxn 7a >y »a >ps nyia n>'>n n>*Vn.20isnsxi >»xm i>an >a'na 03an> n3i©xn i3>

laa n>nna n>nan 7a x*3 i»Kan» i3x©ai 7*0333n>yan 7a nxs> 7*>'9na yi^>n3©a 7*©iy isx©t >© p inxi nVnna ©xn >© on© n3i*>yn

naiwina msa x*n© n»at»s'n ia*s>i n3nnxa.25

.ion [n>nna] (x).5 .ion [o-rx>] (x).4 .ion [i3>] (x).2x>i (>).11 .x'3m -p>y (>).10 .ion [n>nna] (x).6

on 7» >© 7*>*sn© 9 S> (>).12 .T3» 7*V»sn (a)ji3i».aTnrail nnx n>yaa (a)|ys©a ©xn >© 'a ©xn >© 7»>'Dn >*>aa

naoa naoa (an)jnaT naoa nana (a), (xn). 14- ,©xt V© nr>,18 .nm*n* nmx 7»a»ipai na 7*0333 (a), (a) ,(x-i).16 .nar

.n>*>m on (>).20 .mania* (xs).19 .n3i*>y nm'a> (x)

o»,n9p :o»>nn .5»,n3 :o»na7 .9-10

x/i :mana .10x/na :maT3 .16

a,i :o»>p© ns©a

102

n>sn x»m nai»>y x>nw mzmpa 0333 is nnx>ii1mata x»nu? n»ac»3E 7io >y naan nni'nV 7» >kt

7»>an >nan sann'iip >an innx 13 7nxV7»>ya o>iy>i >3n >y nan»>y nemp one; c/xn >ff

T»>»a'nn 1'Vsnn no .i'T7ia x>i .wrpa.5p'misi n3i»>y n>ya 7103 am n»ns 't an

naxs imiynn 7»x iaa *n»i *n* oe?n no >yhti i»>y' xipi '»» ao? »a] ynx »8jr >.s .ikii

wxTas? j»>bii i>xi [iaawrp naivKi nans ni'via *7 on» D»iia 'vnoa

7io naT»>»n narnpn 7io V»y ran x»m [Tiaan >a] »>.10nx© >a n»ian nai'Vyn nawnan n>ya

x»n in onwnpa maiasn m>yanon»3»a> I'kxt naaa'ncmpn >ai tnp nxnpsn

onion "irn 7»ixn naoa m>yan Va oxnm>ert>n»amyaon >ai o>a noa Kim. 15

HT133. n3i»>yn nVyan -no x»ne? naina mrnxsiVxnw [»333 >a maa] x»n **d>i nainn mp3 naino

n"a con >© it mxa nnmn ©ip nxnpanns*a 7io >y Tan ix*a» »a n»ni n'3» nens

nensm o»wann nsw x»rt >ai» o'enpn wip 7io.20«77p >ai»a n>i>an o»7xa nx»x' fay x»n nxrn

D'72ta nx'2t» 71dk? nax3 T'axn> i3> o» 'a[n'3a nu/©] >y maiyn nn»n >ai»n 7ioa

ix3J»i o'nsa nxst' nn»n mioai xian 'o 7ioa

mxa a""»7.n. Tixai n»2£»atn oyo:- i'7»7ia (a). 5 .10333 (a).100.7 .(3) noiaa p7 xsa3 n'X'sn Vy nT 7ixa...*i3i o»i>n[7133 >3 »>] (x).10 . 70n [*131 Off »3] (x).8 ,17aX 7103,x»n txi ? rani? a (a),(>)jx'n in m Dntzmps (x).12 .Ton(x).1? ,7»ixn nsoa (3i).l4 .rnxxi' iaaa niviipn (xn).13

|>X7«7' »33 7iaa Va 's>i naion mips (a)l>x7^» »33 >3 7103.21 .n3» o*wan (3). 20 .naino n7ip3 (a),(>),(37),(33),(xs)

(x9),(x7).24 ,n3'3 cw >y (x).23 .>3i'n 7ioa o»7sa (>).o»7sa nx»2' nn»n nnwi

a,i :o»>p© naoa ; x/n3 :ni373 .5>,na jo»737 .8

x/7» - x/a» : *x 7i71T .9x,a» :mac7 .9-10x',a» :maK7 .19T>,3' :niaty .24

103

[a/n> If]no -p'sVi D'isa ynxa '" mxas >3.1

Tan ansa nun' i'3y n>>!3 nxm ncnsnntiavK'ni [iana'Tn *wk] n»n»n run on no>

ya» *a rons ini'an o© >w xn rnxa

.mn' »ian ion nans no >y ['7"3»3 x "> n nanx.i.5

T>>naa xnn isaa i»>y iffx lmi'sK awm n»>»n nxsn•no inT dd> naon iyaa?n yia© ox n'm

HD3 V>33 >am n^pn fin man»y»an nans x'n] yacmx n»ni ['a] ixi mx

ni'onsn [i>x o'nen

7x3 iy] ini'sn oa? >w ixi mx >>id nn'n pios noi.10ini'an nw 1103 ctxi >«r T>'E>n >w ni'Kna yaixn no

ini'an ov [noi ni'ens 'i im >'xm na-xn oxi in»

inv k>i ni'nix ffV© >© on na '3sa m'mx i

»a Tn 'yn» 0'>'3ffa> jit xin nT nai '3 ~lV> yin

Ti'Vyn nnoan o>iyn 1103 on wxns© "['Van

xim mn' >>13 [1*0] mxi in' tio3 D'anna Tni'ini.15naan no x»n [nannxn] xn mxi isth o>iy no

n»3i*Vyn oniin >33 nVrVani-napsin nViyniVa n>>!3 xin t >«7 n>sn -pna n^>33 x'm

ii.»mn x> nax» inx n»33 i>3i pxisw T'>EJn3©

'»9>i a?xi3» i»>3n30 na >sa nnx mx i>'sx iaaa.20[onn3i] 3M31 n>ya> Q»3T>yn o»i3in >3a n>i>3. x'n

I? >w n>DH3 Taiai XK731 on >nan -|>an nyscaa

'in >>33 o© ima>573 omnn >3i xn mx**s>i waa ini'an oc; [no] on T>ann no »3 -j>

x>i xnspnp

(3T>.6 .Ton [T'3y] (x).5 .i3i3Tin -wx (3n)|i3i3Tff (x).3

Im'tzns 1>X3 xin ya» (x)|ion [»a] (x).9 .innsx ionni (?)

7103 (>).14 .ion [*i3i 1X3 iy] (x).10 . '" xin yaa;(xi)

ln»ano3 Tm'ini (3),(>),(xs) ,(xn),15 .nnosn Q>iMi'>»n»33 (3)-(>),(x9).18 .ninx (x).16 .Wis mix in' (x)

.23 .ion [nnrm] (x).21 .i>3i ©xn >© (».19 .n>sn nosxin I'V'snn (3)f-ion [no] (x).24 .'in »33 d>b?3 ow -(V)

.own Ti o»

a/a'xa,3' :mo©

104

[k/t* «n]oe; -[nan nn» ix3> ni» o>iya **>»sn nnaa.1

*'9>i isia.3 >xiff» 'y^iso [xin] nana nam mm »"ii"rV

-|>an ociin T>y nx»> iaxy ipnan dtx 'ircx

oipa >«; intzmps «np3i n3v>» Kaanno im»n>T3in >y T3vn [nai] taia i> nni n>ya> wxi >y.5msnK DTK? »>a nasnn »enc73 arwi »maxn fayn

3py» i> np»i T'^j; >y n>xew na [rp'l cznTD]

n>i n> ...*-3 3> >pa73>n «ntz7na ni33> mVxs ons >xs»i timsh

T»3yn n"3 xin snsa? i»3yn inai m>pan >y n»x

>i3'B7 »a t»x nempn nnnn no '3 "!> yin nm.103.1 nn'maiVym on»-inoi Dn*m>ya nuw nsoV

TiixV D3'xcb d*»ttb7 mi ns H3TH omso xxan nc?K

D'3»*3yi D'nso nsin oi»n x>n laxm n>ym> x>i

n«7X onison frnxa o*3io o*am o>iy3 w» oOninsoni [iison mix mm3 oix '33 ixnpcoi] mina.15

nny k> D»T»yoi d»x3 nmnna nwyamoViy "n nai o>iy "m nax mm ktik? nsaxa

nxrn ntmsn nsoai piosn ni paw w» xin

nx nTa> -|>n 13>i is n»nnx omso n3in3 ix

13> ><? inyT 33aw 3pyn a»snnn >m 3i33.m 13x2:

nsoV D>iy »»n nai imx nana? spyi mxans [lay] im*n3.20ni3xn >3 insa D»a>w3© o>©n Ton mix >y

l>n«? [n"y i3'3x spy] ,

n»n xV [xassi] syns i»nx> imxns '3 Tnx >sx mxansnai muss isaa npVff iy >13X> on> i> nnV i*>y >am

-p3V nsn n»n i»3x» imxT3 »3 nr isxnps »' D>iy »»n

"n nai 103*13 isaa np>i nanys X3. xim i»nx>.25[n»3'y3] nmsa >pm nmn »a xim nans oViy

msm 'iff nsym

.ion [xin] (x).2 .T>»3n.n3a (3) ,(xs) |xnsa (a),(>) ,(3n).1

otn-na iasy (3) ,(3s),(3t) h>an omna isia Tpnan (xn).3

(3). 6 ,i3in >y (3)[tio» >y T3y (3)|ion [.nai] (x).5 .l>on

na>na nnx T'3^ V'nna rxa (a) noisa .nia»iK oiw xT?3...naxn

.noxn T3TC1 >y (^),(>)h*n *3H33 xsbs k> nrn p>nn ;T'V'9nnn>ya (a),(V).11 .>3i'to (>).10 .ion [rp'1 flTS] (x).7

.omxa D'3it3i d'dii D'>na a>iy3 w» (a),(xs).14 .mnoi0'inx (A). 18 .11303 ix (*).17 .ion [*i3i ixip©3i] (x).15

.ion [n"y i3'3x 3py»i] (x).21 .ion hay] (x).20 ..-niro

(x).26 .Tni3i3 (xs).25 '.i»>» on (>).23 .nass (x).22.ion [n»3'y3j

k/t* :n3©n ©xi .1-2t>,> :n»tfxi3 .7-9d*,x> :n»wxi3 .18

i>-03,n3 :n*K?xi3 .22-23a-x,T3 :n»wxi3 .24-25

t,to :n»©xi3 .26

105

[a/TV«nlnatni [mma o»3"3yi o'-iido on nasi] n3aa.1

one? fiya isxi na'ann m-ina n>x3j»xV> D'piayi D'om o^ni o>i3 o'3"3yn iVx D>iy "n

D'ni33 0>3 X>X DTK »33 JllSCTO 'S3 D3'XT 0'>3m YPwa>»s nn»n ysam f3 ensn j'xi '" 03in3i cniy'i

>33 l»n>K '" »33X 1»31 [lOy 13] T9'>X>.5omson imxi nasnn »7ix

mswna naan nVyazn n"3pn >w law iTonan "uyai'" ®"SB~tjV3

Vya imvn moa cnxn to' ibiovd'»33 »? io» -no3i

rmsVn nysai nensn in nwyam -iison imx3 xsa' 'Tx T3bT3i'y-v inawi nmxan inn ikti nnun T3'y nsnpsm

rnnoa iwx xwsnan >na *in nnx »a nax'i T39 itx'1.10xnpsn »rn3n "iwx tdos »rren*s nwx '93 nwyan oi»3 dw

yiT i*3y >y [ons[ iaw'13 'nxnpi dits'3TT *t tids mix 'ciisnis

7i0 w-n ral ow9 ons> 10333 nysnx waa law "pays'omson Ties n±Kn o»3"3yn >3 'nsn3 nwi o*n9 i»3y

n3 *in3n >3 »3 nmn> mim 'iron D'wyam.1513'xw minn V33 nst Txi nax mim DViy "n xin

D»T3in omx3 poynan dtx> n»nn> '73 law mo >>33nnxi x> 7»y iwx Tiaan 3iom X3n D>iyn "n

Ti?n3i [iV nsnaV nwy inVir o'n>x]»a»a >33 o>wn Tonn i»sy>ir mx'33 i3"nw naVima'>w >y m'yn nmnnw msxn to *in3i» ma^.20

mix o'tzny Ditt »33 n3in mswnai on wx 3pyi *3w

[Twawaw] xin an T3'y x>a i3aa pmnn> T3"3y3 tyiacxm o»n3-rn *'9>i wwm 13'xi D'->y3n 'T 13

n>'>n n>'>n iyia 'ci>it on 13'x dix '33 niswnasomwna '93 min »i3i D'3ina msu'nn tiinno 13>.25mwni nsitan in3i3 nmn xV msxn ia -insia Tonm

.'S3 o'T3-rn Txi (a), (>).(xs) .3.">on [*i3i nasi] (x).171031 (>).7 ."ion [iwy 73] (x)|na3nn »tto >33 (a),(xs).5

(xs).10 .D'ni'yn moa (>;|o'>>33 *n' lac? (xs)|a'»33 maw(x).12 .n©yan -pn3 oty (>),(x9).11 .'39> >Tran in

[4

i3i D'n>x] (x).18 .'n' law 1103 »33 (>).17 .non [ons](X9)|i'wawaac7 (x).22 .on xinw T>y (xs).20 .non

.nV'Vni on (>)|on i3'xw (>).24 .T'^anwa

106

[x/n> «tt]

n*nay> Ton msiai dix '33 •paenmz? nuin omx>.1i>w TKW na nnp>i naixa TianV x>i n^a una

V-tcwd n*n x>i n" 3 xm an nay* x>x oi>a [n©y] Kin© n>>>mxVx >iy np^ai >iy3 Vsn sin© o>iyn ht> "paa n'nn)

dxt nsiaxn dtp n»»p> *n»v *n' 1x1133 o>© lainoa n'nu?.5

di>vi on n»n x> - nvvan mix Kin iai >*Kin<z? naxn--

iTTaf>.~rr»ti"">am m n nax Traon—i en xt n » n newan k> k

o'^yan oniKai naiaKn oi»pi *n»i *n? kit an mi ay'3'K D'a^'aync s"yKi np' Koa *»y oannsi nsv >nana

dkt Tffya np>tf mraan T»3y *a '[i> .snrl "I* T«a tn>a> l?ia».10

Tanpn noa i»3a> ©'line? naio nwn» nVns nn»ninaain sit naa xa iwyi n"a x-nan mi3y x'nrc ©aaVrcsV -pixm ©aa naann noa yiT n*n apyi tbaa x»n

»ix-in nTiaan y&n imxa t*T3 nnp>i nr ->»wan•no TaaV n?'nn>i ixti3> T3y> n>»axn nmx T320.15

moan Ton nin nanm 7*1:273 i^apn'c; niasnpnITT 's> nansa »ixa Van o»nan oyiaa D'3'yn >ya

xxa> >ain x> '»a nai'yTi isia. >ay3 ©snn Vxi riaxn

Damn >ni nan i»3'y .V>a» ox *nViT o»n>x ysni>ap [tjt] ixsa nsaff o'avinn nmx x>i.20

o'-inon *paya >na oan x>x naann t» is*t dt.w ixxaiD'aann omx ana in»nn x>i iyr» x> -io?x D»3T>yn

D'Twn. [».3wj omxi rnanan T'^v T^i nT Tira on»3»yaa/xn T3y >a xin T,xaa »a iV yin i»ax> 3'npnrc

TD©n T»ayi Tai^n Vip "payi in*. [iaO oViyn >a«? n30>n.25

(>),(as),(xs),(aT).4 .Ton [nwy] (x).3 .7mx> 3iom (a).i

(*),(>), (as), (x9),(a-i). 9 .noia n»n xmaa »a Van xmizr

13T naa (>),(an).12 .Ton h> y-rn] (x).10 ,iT>yn3l nan»-dx »a (a). 18 .moan n»ona (>).16 ,yi7» T3T naa (xs)|nnx

naa ixsa (x).20 .ox *n>iT *n>x ysn *n>iT (x).19 .>amnan di© (>).21 ,i>ap T3T vxsa> (>)|noa n3au? (x3)|i>apspy a»npn^ (3-1).24 .non [»aw] (x;.23 .lays nv Vna

.1173 D>iyn (X).25 .T3XT?

o.Ta :n*.vxTJ .23

107

[a/nV*n]'-nssn Di' i'3yi x»anV 7»s n:s> "l>inn ntapon.1

j»3sn *"> o»a.Tp3ri D'Tyun *3«n Tnuaipmisyina>inn n'riaoa i'3s rnasx *iax »3 >T*KT'y> nnann

nxniff iy i3iy3 y*>ai -na'30 iia'apn isna© iy T3sV>3 l>im iay'K'3 na*xx 'ski i3cni3y> iV '«r»w 'taTV.5

imx> oi»n ims: as?© n-y >xn©> ia3 3io y,»>a oi*n mix^-3-^r"T»vy

-in-nirTnr»-3-n3«r*T-3>3>->Knw» i3'V©nff [axyn] i»-y«m

oi'a "rnxi -mx >3 mso mwy> cm' >x-wi m»ywKxon'Vani nni30 yo3 3py»i inn iy o'-iissn

D'3"3yn i>'»nT»nw 9"yxi n3'cu n3*n mxs ciik ncnssJOnnV 03 3n» ty o>«m -non T=>"»r> ^y nay> >3in x> n>xn

->33 onn o>wn i3»3x 3py '3 nyr> i> k?'i onsnxaina tony nm o>iyn '3 nxn irmns i»3"3y

o'inm o>3 o'^yan >3i ni'inn >3i n>ya >ff

nxne? n»3 n>ya> n3i*>y xaan am»n> ntn o>iy3.15np'yn >a »t van i3"3yi i'3X pnx'i amsx f»3y]i»3 n3T>y Kami ynxs yn' np*y on '3 naxm

iipy Vk? mytzm lay i»3X mnxi i»nx i»y> nx-iw

omx3 c?aa ix*ii3 misys >iwm np'ym naxn »7'

nwy iaxy> x> 3py»i nay nw *i©x D'ffyan]

[amxs ffaa isms cni3?> nx »3

©'i p-Tsm naxn inn >y nsiaxs ip>n >D3 o*a?yan.20

msxn i»ti l>3p n»n»axn nasnn np'y »3 nyr> t>

n*n»axn n3»3m nnvni n3i33n nVspn D»»n'-i'nimi3y3 in>3» >33 >in©3 i3»s>>i a>i3a nm* 3py»i

nn oViyn '3"3? noi o'^yan omx3 n"3 ixni3xaa.n noa ia'»p> [nwy npx] nt&yas »i>n >3n.25

T'3y *noi n*3i»>y

iaT> (a). 5 ,>TXTy> T>mn (>).3 .i'ni33np misys (xs).2

.7 .733 3iD -|>a (>).6 ,i> c?*w nas iaT> (>)h> w»w nas

iv (>).9 .i3m> xinn oi>3 T©y 3ff'i (x)|-ion [Daryn] (x)

.16 .onn o>wn i»onn spy (V),(3s),(xD),(3n).12 .ann di»

[*i3i D'^yanl (x)l>7n©3i (xs),<3n).19 .np'vn >y yv (xs)

; i3'ni3X ni>3p (>)|T'S'"n' i*ni ni3xn 1>3p (xs).21 .non

.ion [n»y ictx] (x)|t"3»t (>),(xs).25 .T»ti' thi

n-T,TD :xnp»i .2X3,3V :ci'wxn3 .3io,a!? :n»ffxn3 .5To,aV :n»wxi3 .7

T»-io,n :n»an3 .8t»,3> :n»©KT3 .9

108

[x/oV «p]oMrwm pnx» ism dhidk 7sn nwx nn»xari.1

xV iK miK'a Tsn ox nmna i3> nai i>x o»3*»3yayi7» T3ya [ona i>"rntffm nsn D'3s >d >y] x>x nan

D>«ny nan nwx nwya inna xaan] oxma> -nay>iomxa [ixma miaya >-rn«m apy* ia

ox-na nanx> m>xy x>a omwy> mnnaai o»©yan»n>'kaiop>ri yi"o*>i inx I'jya iriaHyn »3»»a'y"ipn>i,5

T3"3yi moi ia>a apy» i*3y n"a ana nr T3ya >xiw*o»cny Tn] onp o»©yan omxa r^yn' 0*737 >y

la'Kv.vDiK. i>'9X nxnsn »sa nmn n3ian x>a>xe?

o»»yan amx ama> >7n«7» x>n -ma» x> inyia d>b'

ny7m rmasrr nnayn no imxTa *n» xin Vax onnD»3"3y 7io> [one? D»©yan omxa na>»n

n>i73, n3iax> 13> D3C131 DtiiK ' na o»piay D'nnojnaa n?n3i >m ma? ana moT> xan oViyn *»n>i

apy» i> np'i [piOQn] i'3? ^ mx»aa i3»»nw.10n? i'3ya [jiam ti>i n> nsa> >pa]

nu/yan »a ijots nwxa xim nax 121m >"t i3mnone? o'3»'3yn omx -|»e/onV»7a many thb? TTaim

nui'ami onmn i»3y xin 7iom 073.33 n>y-a>.

T^an> nmn nsian »a o*aViy maai 73»aa itpystz?

nt&yan imxai naian nmxa noa> ysnni iiann.15ip>m nsiaxn 7io iaxy> i^» np> ixaa apy i> np'i

naaV Vpa pa*rn> i> *iK7n oipaa p37n> D-naiD'nVxV ok? n'ncir 7»x wxin ma noa 7io* n>

7103 naxiwn n»a nnac; xim? "ja>m n>n 7ioaD»am 73V Tit* xipan xim i»a*n.20

n>i ]a> no xin »a ima Tioa in>yaa ia naai>2ja n«?x innxn o»n nx>a> D»maa d'V»i>s mamn om iVin xin new [oipa] >aa 7>an in iw>

-raiy i3fiy omaxi »3.»a»> a© »37xV *" dix3 'ax7io pnac Tax 7ns xin [ti>i] laipao tt x>i iana.25

min na'ns nn»n 13> na 'a (>).2 .nnxaa T>->iy (>)i(3t).1(x)|i»3ya i>7n»n© x>x (x).3 .nnxa nsn (V).(a9) |aina>.xman nay> (xs)|mwy> nnaai (x9).4 .Ton [ iai xbjut]

,(x9).(a7).9 .ion ['iai i'n n^x] (x).7 .nT i'3y Vyi (>).6.Ton [ iai >pa] (x)|non [piosn] (x).10 ,na> inna (>),(as))

>33 (>),(aT)|ona >aa (x).23 .i>niii (xs),(an).17tt x>i TaT3 dw (>).25 .onxV '" oyi3 (xs).24 .maipa

.'i3i xin n>i laipaa tt (x)j'iai ti>i laipaa

n»,ia

aa. n»

:o&

109

[3/o> «n]ditk pu inn nVw 71113 nonx K*n »s aiian nmia.1

m>i>D nnan m'n3 nVm 73^ miK3 >>33iDn»3<& V>d Kin tiot»i iTa it m>i>3 tiunam

3py»i ni>*na pVnV nrai nTa cnsyn *3<ff3 miKnnxpn in n»i3a Kin '3 [nm» o*i3yn] »3ff> Kin.

5

nc^yaa] 9 K7 9 >©n Toxarr tto Kim nxpn >ky»i3a Kin© >y [n»a?Ki3

D'ayD *3 310 »3 iaK31 D»ni3T D»n>K 3313 D'H33oiiki 73> i3iia '3 iiany Kips Kim oc/n '3s> [onV] nm>

[o'>Kmw] msxn 7a insia apy'i D'nxn ?3<zn >>13.i33ian no Kin 73 >yi n3n3 nsiaKm naKn no. 10

inKi n»>w onw n3ioKn no »d» s"yKi7»a*n 1103 oV3 i»n»'w ni33> m>ats ons >2£s»i

nasaai man ma [n3i33n] man Kin »3 nsa>nniK n»n»© 73>n "nama nai3>n

.13 i'n3n> miVa. man. 15Tan n»>i3 x'n 73 >yi o»'pna oViyn 7'K nn>3 '3 o>iyn cik

noai nVya o'xissn >3 o*»pai o>iyn nanansnn»n iwks msisna Vy o^'ipa o>iyn 7*33 m»n>ni3Kn imia n'.nz? i3'3X spy *»9>i mK n3aK373i3> >inrcn n33ian nam noi. nsiaKn niaftzn

na'>«7 nn's maViyn in'> nTrroVisra Q'i3in.2Qnm n»naxn nsaKn Di*p3 in>n3i ip>n m*n>i

'K2ia> ia?»i on3i3na Vy 7133 oyia Tai3 i3in -]*?

'3 l> nn DID DTI JTO 7'3y 110 . nyinasnn mx>93 onsa -703 3n3

D»i3i o»oyia o'TiDi3 o»3"3yn pin >y nay> >3in.25

(k).5 ,i3>nii pVn> (ks).4 .mian m>i*3 om'nV (3s).2(k).7 .ion [n'©Ki3 n^yas] (k).6 .Kin '3 *ai> pnx> D»i3yn

.Di>©ne? (a)lo*-ivnv (k).9 .ion [nn>] (k).8 ,o'n>K 0313

.nniK Knnw (>).14 .n3i33 nn*n (>)jion [n3i33n] (k).13(>).20 ,n3i»>yn n33ian (33). 19 .>a o"p>i o>iyn (>).16,oi'p3 iVnai ip>n (a),(>),(3s).21 ,D'a>iyn n3iaK in>>

.o'3"3yn i3in >y (3).25 .insisna >y (ks),(3i).22

a»-o,K :n»»Ki3 .63',k :o© ; »,k :n»B7XT3 ; n»,no :o»>nn .7

T>,> :n'«7KT3 .12

110

O/B "If]

>ni la? ran> Vain oyia tmai d'sii d'31o D^in.1- np»yn -no >y "nay> >3in dk oyio raT3 "n'ya *3xi

Vijw'*n» Kin 13> Tn3 na»n roam 1102 »naxnT»3ya mry tsos nax *rio T'3y3 nVn'a minn 73.33

lanp na» nxi 'aixi mv »3»o -in >yi '3© minn.

5

n>is minn Vs 1133 ru» nn»n nVipKra ia>a [on>] riynnnVipzrc? -raVa in»T nxi y-ixT\ ix-ii i3> rifTsys

T»a.y 13 >yi >xiw» ytx >3 73,33 in»n» nti»n

ni3»TX3 m .no ii»>3i o»3"3y na-ina o»Knsa tf» nsemn3ia '3x i*3yn T3in >y TT»ayn> >T3 *3xi o»n3-r.10

k>3 ti«7> Txip3i o»3T 03 »ny#3 [nms:j 7i«7>3 nmn3oysi T3T iic?>3 oys xxan natzrn f'3y [>>3] ni3'TX

nuan >3i minn >3 no T'3y3 nsp3 n»>3[>3i minnO *3i mows o*»33n Dnai -ii3T3 m»33-w» *3

nsp3> ma^i tstV -ii3T iiBsn ii3T3 [o»»33] o>3 ni3tan.15•;. _- v ;: v i oip> nawn : o i 1 > ox nat narcn 1 1 o n t "p 3 y 3

1

osaxi nsp3> maen narV na? naen oi» ok maw*axw na nyn> >3in nam tttss »>3 inx -no >3n »3

nai» ma n»»na 03> x»n ©ip »d n3«?n ok omaen[mipsn] oya n«m» x'n© mipsn no xin '3 >y.20

o'3"3yn iD©sn» owai n3T>yn mipsn x»nw [n'3eman]nsnnxn mips x»n» naaman iio iv omioa

T103 mays n'oiVax i»3 x*m onpn n»n3 -nolina i*33n [n>nnn] x>ncr n'yxax rmpan

mipsn iina »n>iT insisna >y 33io Viay fx »3 T?i3.yn.25

,(39),(xs),(3n).2 .>na i*3y (xs)h3T iina n3T (3),(3i).1in >yi (a). 5 .minn >3 13.33 (>).4 .rmya '33m (3),(V)

,n'Vi3 »3»o in Vyi (aD)|naff nxi '1031 onay i3i> n>3.3 »3»o.9 .T"»Kn nx ixn i3> now T»3y3 (>J.7 ."ion [°n>] (x).6li»>3 (x).11 ,T»3yn i3in Vy (3).10 .nsnn n3 T'^Tsa (a)

(x).14 .non [»3] (x).12 ,n»> Tixpai (>) ,(3t)|omo

,n3p3n oya (x).20 .non [d»»33] (x).15 .ion |>3i minn]omn33 (39)|n3innxn nai*>yn (>).22 .ni3«7nan (x).21

n>n3n (x).24 .maiy n'oi>3ix (3).(>),(3s) .23 .tv Dnmosilin3 »nViT (3),(>),(3s),(3t3.25 .1103 T33n (a),(xs)

.niipsn

To,n3 :n3T ma© .3-^T-a',D :n»an3 .5-6

x,3 :ywin' .7x> :nniT »3ipn ; 3/a> :n3» .14-17

t,x> :ma«ff .19

Ill

[a/a' "HOnmx nainai >ia.yn >>m x»n "wk n»yj£axn.1

x»n 5p'ym [insisna >y >3n n33»]maiyn mipaniio K'n is »na n5aiyn mpsn

D'say iee7sn» o^ai T33n nVnnn x»m ysaxsn»»x1 nK.np'3 rmpan x'm an»55x >33 noa>

I5ax3 errp * »»> nnnn nx5p3n o>iy >«7 in>n.5-5-ro >y.i—[-54 on-iJ».3j;3-3 nonn ia»5n n>n os'inony n'uxi

5ipy> T33H D5ip3 »n> 0333© '» [nai » m a] n»>>na *ax3 htosaxi nai' ma n»3"3y >3av n»3ipn >3a 535.0110

pios>3 *K3».[»y»aw] o'ays *a 513.3 on- ninan? *a *3['y»3© DT3 ni3U7»i 'y»3o?n dtd] o»n>x >3»i„10

»y»3©n dt nx D'n>x i53'i»3 i> y5m ]»3yn >"t o'asn nox 5331

tnpari [nsw in] en nav 'an i>x.12

5nx "p non© B0j?03 n5yn nysin 1x3][-/xa >oi3an "ps xjraa non© p>nn

[-/*a «p]X5pan 5io xim >i5in nsen oi»n n3en xn307 *>ya5 n3©.9

mman 5io> 'y»3© xin 5nxv 5nx >3i omsan dt 510 xsn oViy.10n5ip3n [510] x»n xci3© »>yo5 nsu? »y»38? X5p3i

i3naK 5G7K ^3&nan «jio5nan Dya nn nsoins matzrcn nsssno/n nnVwaasi

[mxxi'i] 75ya xxi'n5io T3y >yi enpn ay »ew5 >y nin D>iy3 mmisi ni55i»i

n5iyo >y n>i5a, nnnixi nsm [©»© aTB7n>.]"*w» nToya xsn >3> x»nn n>»>n

li'Vy nanas nia&/>i >'a> >X5C7» »n>X3 pVn i> w*w mix »5p y5T.15m«?»i na'Vrc nax nsiax Taxn> or* o»3s >3 >y '3 n>»>n im'xa

wip ynr> a>iy> n55T m»n» naarai nn nsoine? nyi5»vnmxsi on»>y nni3 nnn nnix 7»xc? nsiaxn »c?3xa c/'x i»xi

nvtt'nvpn n5i3yn iai imai isacya Krrpn oy> •»» n»3' nnnn>»aa 'n' in3 x> n*'>n nT3 oi»n vipnav ny»/3i n3 53iy.20

X03 1358X 5K/X i55ip3i5 510 Xim 153> *»»' »H>1T 0*>B71 587 OlffVVy n5aiy x'm n»>y "jsin 5133m [n>yan] 5101 n>B7aan

ai5op oic7 x>3 m>«/3 ma>iyn >3i nnsxa e?5p ynr '[nnnava]nni3a3i opc/ns m>B73 on D3n»a,3tt7 a">vvn i>»sxi 7»5 oiw' »Va

[5ion i»3y3](x).6 ,o»93yn (3),(>).3 .non [*i3i nia»0(K).ln»y»3B7 o'3 (x).10 .n'y'3» (x).9 .5on [nai' ma](x).7 .Ton

(x).11 ,D»5i93n dt 550 (a) .10'

11 .ion [n3C7 in](x;.12 .i53»i

.16 ,5on [»'«? 3iB7n>](x).14 .5on [mxxi'i ](x),12 ,5on [510](x),23 .n>waan (x;.22 .n>B?aa t»x (>).20 .n>»>n nmxa (a)

.05«7i m>«;a 3ie/» (a).|apvn ,

i mVe/a D307' (>).24 .nn>e?aa

xo :5niT »3ipn ; a/na -

112

i

[(-jttan) -Vxa *n]yis t»ki tow 7»xi n>Ena nVyan no »a.25

>ana x>n *i» x>i vtVyi noaVi n^>ya> nams x»n iTn n>yam n"3n »n>iT7133m naxn itt hv. Di>a/ nsio n>yan- it nxij?3 73

i3>nn' nawna 13»3» x>i i?t x> ipx D»yion ornx »3>x-i»» iay naic? nTn n>»>3 Taixm

[a/a «ni3 oopon neran][a/a «n] .

in ia «npn oy> o»yoai o»yio oan ny>.13310 xVrt >xnar» naiaKa Tiyiai inon 7»3ni3i nsiaxn

i>'3t/' x>M3'3' k> nc/K oyn nx cyoan o»3Tn>.15cm' D3»K [nwxa] T>»a ikst x>i Titf'-in'c? on> alow

•jxxn© laT >3 7x2 ny*-i> >u?a >"t o»a3n 'axixt »a inmae; >y»sna o^aKTn -pro Taiaa

x*i» ii»K'.n»an.hmi "pm Txxn© ]aT >a an»>y*a? Va ia itn*av'>y >>snn> -pnx i3'xi.20D'lfrV *ai> 8xn o»axT> man "jn3 yisrcn

7x22 on >xiff»i l?S2?n oViyn maix >y D'3iaa>i>y »snn> ttx on»3»3 n"a Dipa >© irpyna

na» no3 33«r 71*3 on> p»Tn> i>dt x>w invaun"3pm onV^aa 7a [o*Tay'n&] o>i3 dth enpi.25

x»n nxrn nVyam ii3> '»» (3) Inoai n>ya nuns (>).263io x>n (V).14 .o»yio dh ny> (3).13 .noai n>ya nuns

x> nc7K3 (>)-|iyr» x> (3)j-i«?x3 (x).16 ,o»3Tn> >x-i»»V*i3i 7a D'T3iya d>13 (x).25 .maixn >3 Vy (3). 22 ,iy-r»

3/na - x/na :'x nniT .25n3w> n»3ny >k? n>»an »27

Vin DT3 nnsai n»-irnz7 \>v n>»sn .29

115

[x/xa «rr]

Haw i» nnn tna>i»n >a >txi m:: X03 >y «np 3.1

Vy n«733 Dn»>y nssm m>«?n nsioi i»s33 nnn ixxnimi'B 13 x>a>x© invai? >y »9nn> -pis txi i»>na

D»"ivhv mini nD>iff n>yan i»x '3T i3»Vy m»a»']»wkt i3'x xm 13»e>Vi n"a xm xVi an^waa >» dh.5S» u»n nax piosa V"t n»a3n inatcv na T3y3noma bi>w naio d»3s >d >y *3 t»k.dk -laanpa

n'T nnn Dm snpn yrit [V*rw»] n»saa['m] i3'>y m>w naio snisn nalV w» 73 >yi ana«73di«? »>3 11331 naxa i3»>y nwns. x»ntz? nsion nax> »T3.10

nsiaxn m»p inn d»3s >3 >y 'xm x>x V>3 np»sonyt> 13V U7» nrn "p»yn *s>3 I 3 ",io:n d^i* 3 nnix nax>

D3'na3 [n»yenn] i»snj yiarcn »a' >3 '3n>an »axVai inytzn »T3.

>yi >m t i3iy»Tinc? na »93 wx m>»paa Dmxn?noaa»ao amai w>wa [piosa] >m t D*aan 'ax ntn 1'jyn tio;15

nnaai i3*m >y lain ©'x 'inai Vxiw maaa n>Vyi [mV'Va insa inn D3.ma >© ninsa nax] m>»Va

n»any n>sna mm xim onaix isx nT

1T3 D3n'a V» n3»T xim o>iya *ixa Tine? '3saTin Ownoini oi»n ©*rpi n3ff 03330?

Tim T3>3 mpan n>ya no x>x [iio>«?] T'xi iaipaa.20xim 'aix i'x [i3»s>i] nm:a on> wi o*pann 7a p>noa »tx

ntai >a> nnisa insi insn xa nas '3 mm[D'p'ixm] ma>iyn >3«? iaip3 isixa, mm in>ya ytin

V*t naxi rn^Bi open nmsaa on D»srnnix> Tin© mia naeo mm xim naixn >3i!7.25

.ion [*i3i] (x).9 .ant?' (x).8 ,kt xin i3*a>i (>),(as>.5[o»yenn] (x).13 .nfn i»3yn 'S3 (xa).12 ,>>3 p'so (>).11(a). 19 ."»on [*i3i nax] (x).17 .i°n [pioss] (x).15 .ton,(x3),(aT).22 .non [i3»s>i] (x).21 .iai>» (x).20 .0333un[o'p'ism] (x)|in>ya y*rn (a,),(xs).23 .nnisa ini3i (a),(V)

.T'inc? xma (x£j).25 .op»n (xs).24 .non

x/m :*3 ow ; x/ny j'k.iiiit » t,t» :ma& .6-7na© >C7 n'3Ty >rc n>»sn .9

a/op :niaa' .14T,a sd'tpii m» .15-16

n,a. :d» .16n,x» :nan n'^xna ; a/no n'Trnso .19-20

js Hiy imo ; x/ap,33 :'nan xnp»os

114

maViyn >3> nmsa imsi X3 i3»x ittkhi p>no3.1>y no>nz? n3iax -no 7»xk? tsts iVxs >i3»33

>a> vmai nn nna imai n? nai nwiytf o>iyn•noa yiia im»n> dtk> i>iiok 13'9>i ma>iyn

»s naxi e?aa nsiaxn iio inT »3 oi>3 naiaxn.5*t» nnna oanaa o»3iaa nm^v »» yi3G?n »a» >3

DTia si nan 'a «ix xnps *3 irnwa xnps 'x nailn»mz7* x>i 13 w»«? oim xim *aix isx

isk 3»wn> nsnrn n»nB?a xnp3n mis 1133nan 7133 man >3 •?»*» x>i xnpsn -ra33.10

m'yn> d»'ixt i3x i»x nswn no»333 7'pVnoaw 71*31TpVnoa ni3i»Vy m>©aa o>iy3 a*39 m»3 dt3T>i

m>c7aa 73c; >3 X3 »3 •»» '33>a nso? 3iy o>iyn 7a*aix i3»s>i 3*onT? x>i inn 1

? o»3iaa ni3ix»n mao in©ma«73 n3C7 3iy3 -pisan '»» nx 13T3.15

ni3c?a3i nmi» nnn'DiKt? »3sai

4ax ntffx anipn oy »b?xt >y n>ya>a

na©3 nmxs i3i3n»> na«rt> 13> ©* narca na noynanawsn nmx na tioa 7»>»nna i3xe? 7»3y3 wan

V3 >y mien m»n»n na»3i »n >3 na©3 'aixi na«7>.20»3s& >x-wa© D'p'-rxn Dm »n xnp3© »a

nawsn nmx i»>y nnsrt »ixin »n xnp3 p'-rxnernmx -noa i372£T> na^V T>»nna 13X 73 Vyi

nax» 7'3y3 »n xm«7 »a >y n»n«m na©3ny*r'in» 73 m»33i [max tio >y] >"t n»a3n.25

n»n» »3 9a »n »»x 73

(>),(xs).11 .xnpsn (>).7 ."no x*n it >3 (>),(xs).5.Ton [nax -no >y] (x).25 .nsc? 0333373

3/T3 :'x in it .6x/nap :o» ; 3/n :*x in it .7>in di'd n'sny >© n>»sn .8

x/to ;nx»3 .1631 d di»i D3C73 n»"ino? >» n>»sn .20

3,13 : '3 >xiae? .25

115

[k/3» «n]13K is '3 9231 nnn Tan i'>y nu: »n xnpa i?»"rs.1

ol»n ma no>T«? m»n3 m»n nsw »n >3 naw3 aiK

Kin Vam oi»n man n>V33 n>»>n ma ht >d oyi

nn'073 n>*>n n>ya Vy m.»n» x»n ni*n nVyai row

rnK >3nu? sn yx ni3i>>y [m>ya3 oi»n] m>»m mn3wm.5oi»n >2tx nT?'>n i»3yi inx qt Van oi»ni n>*>n '3

in'3 onwsi nair 13 oy nsmV no333nn>3n v»3y3

'aix V't *ni3n i»n I3»s>i inx T3?i mK no Kin >sn

n>3n inaau; 'as n>3 ['xia] oi»n anpi nswn no333»son'tcKi 3'so >on [n33©j nn'n otsi nsm> 03sn>.10

ni'n> 13121' *" '39> niKsci ni'ssi 'sx mays cieiya1'nVK *??> nriK amp ay '3 *bk 7'3y3 s?np ay >kib/'

ca'n >sa m3ia Kin nm oi'n '" ins isi

nysan noa V©>ne?ai m'na >snw '3samVsn 'a oi'n nos on i3's>i inK n>B/Vff3 n>nan.15nanipm nn'n xmw nsiaxn Tin' 1103 [min'na]

Kin© '" ppp nenipn inK no '" i3'n>K " nn'nTin'3 >sn in'nn> m>9n 'a Teny 13k jit fsys inK

>sn o'in'na 13K n'W>©3 is's>i inK 1103 inKinx 'ia >kie?'s lays 'ai inK ia©i inK nnK iai>.20

iiD3 oin'nn'S' mVsn 'a 1133 inK a'ays tff>©

nns mn"na oi'n cnpn'KO n>'>n mai inx>nin n3K? inK Vsn ni'ns on^i ips nanpnai

>sn nK o'»pai Vsn hk Tayan Kin

o»aViy nni3a Kin© nsam Kim >sn dk yss?ai.25

niVom (k).5 ,n>»>n ma >y m*n* (a). 4 .nos 13 (s).1

K3 oi'n (k).9 .nsnn oy (3),(>),(3d),(k9),(3i).7 .rn>ya

(3). 12 .ion [nssc;] (k).10 .T'naat? »kiis oi'n (3S>|n>3(as)lnnoi'a (k).16 ,inx n>»>«?3 (3s),(ks).15 .»""? °*

.D'aViy »'n> nnisa (3).25 .^kib?' lays (3).20 .nn» K'nc?

i',td :mao .1on,n3 :n»y©» .11

3,T :D»T3"T o12-133/3»p t^os ni'3»a iso .1?

13, t s*3 VKia© .20

116

[a/so ep]nnisa nt 7'xi xsn o>iyn 1103] msi'Vyn mawan nni3a.1

maa-ii m>ya -no 'sa [ni3T>yn mown nnisa 'n>iT span

mDT in msff3.li msian 7a m>>»3 mauonff inx>

na »dd na»n imx3 aaiyi nnisa on> w» 'rx ni"i3i

>'xm -rnx fay no I'Vx m>a> »> ff'i isnaxrc

i©x o'3T>yn D'asnn ra i> y*rn nr. un'93 13x1.5

D'Viyn nnoa'anisan marcn '>ya nnn an'Vy nn3

7103 o'cnss Drii'ni »t?n tnias nax>a >3 >y

nana '3'oa ib?x naiasn n>apn »D3 nsiaxn 'amrpa»3sn naann n>ya '93 7n'-iroi ni'mxn no iwts

na o'ni'n omx n*>yn '33 ovn an D'oyia ntfx.10

7io in<57 naann [iiik>s ma»n3 aM >n] omx >y 'ax on'13-r lira

naxi o»3T>y D'XBn 3M a in© ni'mx a"ai mi'so n©yn

xm i3im T>a o^natn >a n>iys [mx] x'n n'3 mx 'a

nmy i>k [mxs] msnnna Kim naann noa 7 3

o*i>i3n >a> 3K a"x T>in> laia maisna Vy nan. 15o«?a nys©3 n»3n mx '3 7.3 ">nK^ D'innan

mysax 713 nix nay msnmi um nwysi m>i'in>iys 7>aa n'3 mx '3 7

M 3 m>inn 'in [m'mx>]nni'na >na -no [ni'mxn] >33 w» nnso >yi

X3.n o>iy3 n>yisi 7na no333i 7*133 3 mx n>iys.20

nnisa xxa> nxxia x'n ni'mxn n33 .run o>iy3i

033'> 'ixin mix isms 7ai<zm dtx> nm oVnya

•ry nVyim ni'mx 7'3 00333 x'n -|>an >3'na

natpan >»>wn> D'naa '3 00333 n"p "poy nyaarc

nauam owV iun noasa nap xin 'Txi ^iian 7a.25

.o'aiisxnn o'aan (3). 5 .Ton [*i3i moa] (x)|ma«?3n (xs).l

(x).11 .nmx o'yn' (3).10.n3iaxn '3nn Vy o'ens>a (3).7-8

(3),(>)hi03 (x).14 .non [mx] (x).13 .nasnn ms'ns omx.18 .7i3n mx (3). 17 .mnVisn (s), (»,(*£>). 15 .nwa *|>x

,O),(xs).20 .*> mxn (x).19 .nmnVms (xs)|'nn onix> (x)

.nnisa ViyaV nxsia (3) ,(a) .(V).21 ,71'Vyn o>iy3 (S).(O.np nm> (a) t (» f

(3B),(KB),(3i)-24 .ni'mxn 1»3-(3).23.na© «nan (3).25

117

[x/aa «n]'n© pa no333i man n> e?pa> [n>yiE>] 'a. ma n>iy.1

y»an> n"B7 miKPin m'mxn>tx o» nosonsi ma©3n m3a> Ti»>yn ns)

naem nto »a >iysai m>a may »txi na© Kinoe? »»anai omDi naa >am nxatas n>iys px nxVm.5

i>a*na npaVi '»» oyiaa mrn> cuaia x*n »tx naersn

*a EI1K3 >iya> mma >*nnn >nan non ht >yiixx' owa m>iysn >ai n'ffxna nwyaa

'rmnnw naann [mxVs mams] a">n T»3ya mmix na -noaa">a *> xm mmn oi»o ia >yi ina n>>aa xm.10

. [im naann mama]'9>v [i3Tax«?] na 'sa »aa mmn 710

dt> naa? o© ma wi> >am n>xn o'Tatnna.xn mom i3-niynns7 na »sa »y»aa/n

>© iae? [no] Kim nac?n mo xm mm nr >yTnn nT >y xin iyian fsyi i3Tanw laa waa n"apn.15

[nyimn] man nannnaD'93yn Vai na»>w mn'a >an in"nm nnan nx©ana»Vw mn»a Van mma mm> 'ocnw oipaa nann»

»a Dai maxn Wan mo inn *t»a"3y 5»yi i»3sx >ymoa nnx T»3y 1* «n»» '33m nam on o»Bmsn.20

oi»w nasn >y mayn© 'la n3»n wxtmayV >aim ma ym iya> mm*r> "pm di» xin nT

amy *xa >a "mvm axna n"ya m»axn lamn >yomyw 'aa i> p>nxi ina *3aa [n"a] T3S>> I'naiyo>iwn TinT'sya 'a s?aa aim i»3ya xm 'x nywn.25

.8 .mma 'a Vmnn (a),(>).? .nmsa rcpa> (>')|>sna (x).1

.11 .xmi * na (x).10 .a>9 ama (x).9 .o»a m mnya (a)mon (>).13 .mom ismiynm laTaxrc na (a)|naxe/ (x)

(a)|>y xm aio oi' mo (xs).15 .ion [mo] (x).14 ,m»axn.nawn »mnaw nx oyoi i3Ta-ia? (a)|aio dt mo .on .isran(as),(x9).20 ,T3"3y >ai i»3sx >a (>).19 .nysan (x).16.naxn lam ^^ (aT)|'i©na mxa (a),(xs).23 .nann a»DTsn

,'3E?n iycm (xs).25 .pVna »33m (a),(>),(as),(xs) ,(an).24

T,T3 SD'Vntl .6a/a - x/a :*x nnu .8

x/n» :n3©n wxi .23

118

[s/aa *p]

laiyn VTXTy no anopan iamn i'3ya *a oi'n imx3.1naaw s"yxi D'msan di»31 n3«m »xn3 i»o©n?

n"3pn »a nytV 1> »* *K-

n»wn nnx oipas 'nTan

»S3 ion 's> iK'sam tt3> ia>.i.y xns

mx*aa x'Jtan n3i»>yn nsoman wxTar [isnax] iffx.5

Trios DVyan iiaipn nnon nn Ti»n -noa lixn

oixn nx nwyi o>iyn xnsi 11x3 ejoyna narx ny

ia3 no'33m r?3i*>yn n-iix3 m33i3»i 'naxn nwi»a.n»»

ninai noa >b? o'xxasn >a >y mi'Vy naan iV»nani -t»3-i»

p»na» i»» ims nn> 033'V nan -ml* Dannnv.10

nnssi [iw»i] naan niwn a*3ns b?kt [»n] *33ya ninszrVi

maaoi Tsnsi Vni3a xa* ym> -wx iv [i«73-r] pnas

ri-nVinn >3 ipsins D»ai n>n33 xx'i DY>wa 0333 n>a

13 >yi T3© «rm> T»a»awai naw kV3 i»»n [mixna]nawn raxn Kinw m oi»a *n»i, 'n» ixiia »3s> Tia 0333.15

'3a >3;>» Ti3 T»»yon n»ac?a Kin n"3pm nnn> T»in dtoi*m pnat 9 ins Kipsn nani man -mynna D>iyn

nsn otya *3 min Vx Tin mix 1103 laiyno [>31Xn tio]

nxipsn. n»y-*3wn nianno kth© . »y?a©n ©innk-113 nan naann »>ys> jit i3"ayi t»i X03.20

naa>nw-Di» isan ni»V [xoss] 'axe? >"t *i3n naxanssVn n'oanaw o>iy> ia»xn xV x>m 13 n'osna

inT 13 xosna n33>n» wrn.nT »x naxi iaT -i.cn xa

xin *riom n3crn vxi 'nr4X3 »y»awn annn oi»

aipn n»na >y "|snn n>nyn -no m»na »naxn naim.25

.n>iyn naipn (3). 6 ,7ioa iniK'xa (xs).5-6 .Tax (*0.5

hi nan Tinx o'xxasn >3 (».9 .naxs i«n»ai n^iss (a).8

-ion (un (k).11 .oaanV xxt (3). 10 .i»nnx o»X3n >3 (3)•> (3)|nu7x iv »pna3 (an)l'inwa (x).12 ,nns3i wm.naan (x)

'39> x»Tia»3oa iayi (a). 15 .mixa (x).14 .iiasn yin>

(a) .22- .no33 (x).21 .110 >3ix nsn.(x).18 .nr m»a ixnis

.25 .c/Tinn iaix 'in 13 xosna (3),(3n).23 .o>iya 13'^.m*na xin nnx natm (3)

3/13 TT3 T'y .3x,t> :'>a?a ; 3>,3^ :o»nai .11

3/' - x/a :myi3© .21

119

[k/tb *n]nnsn ni'ns o'aViyn >a >» Ti^i dt Kin *tx mix noaai.l

o?iym o>iyn »33 >3 >y *na»oi?n Tin ysim manD'393 i>am D>sn nrcya >3 Vy 7*yn> o'snsa

>3 >y o*an>i n»att>n> ona mia >aa noana naiVs13 ri'osna n33>na> no mti m»»yai wk >yis.5

Tin Him nnsn iiaoV ioiyi naiw yinsa nVnyni

laiyn ti n»a nnao iniK> "jna mt/i V"t 'man naKi7»t i> 13'3'w iy i»m n'3 >y nnsn iiao> i»an on'397

nsiaa -t"3 imsai >'xm id new '3>si ns n»y *3>s

naxa Vy n3iy ik nmnn >y naiyn ny»an yi3n>.10yi3n> nr> nsai osb?b d.hk '" '3 'aiKP [nr] 7'3*3 "i" 3

minn mxa >y T3y&> *ai nsi' naxa nsyc 'a T"t

[f3y] T»>ai K3i lay o»iym y-ixn ooiffai i>m ximTim naxn in >y Vam t»*rn »aim tsiik >k

insm non ni'na 'n» Kin pian naxs >3na? sM yxi.15K3 -iia»oj?n »3 yn»i m»yna ikjci iay >kiw'3 n>mi«3tk mix naa iwxd Tin sana iar Kim I'T yi3n>

on'>y K3y» »a >3 tnx&ni minn ny»3n yisnV m7»p»»ik>» o'»nn y* T»t iia«r> t3tk n'psn o>iyn kt33© ai'a

cnsn ni omx iiif is ma y"»> d™ * 33 *»Ki3>

'3 y-TT 'yn'i *n> Kim t&ns i33ff» Tt'a Y"n*" '»«» -pays.20

oma Kim xon x>i sib ne»y> i»x Y"»«3 P'™ D>rK T K

d'3s> onV D33n> nsm d»33 Vy sx oma >k7e>» >y

Dmcs3> nxy nnp> dux id >yi Tin cniwak>i anopan yam >c i»ni3yo 33ny> 'T3

Hina ksti yaa?3 >ipm tsws yipn> nix t»i yisn> >3i'.25

.13 noana (3).5 .nosns iai>a (a). 4 .o>iyn >y (3),(>).1,(V),(xs).12 .ion [nrl (k).11 .|'t i> unwiy (a).(xs).8' (3),(a),(»,(-3sJ,(K£>),(3-0.13 .mm 'i3Wy (a),(a);^ -ry (a)|iKi3' k>i (>).19 .ion [isy] (K)JY">Kn >oa caoiwa

aniK Kim (a). 22 .yito ?*tx T« ' 3 (3s).21 .Knase; dtomaiya C33y> 'T3 (3)|i»ni3iya 033y> (>).24 .03an>

,y3ins7

na,T> :o»>nn .11id, a :n»cKT3 .19

n,' :n>np .203,t :n>np .21

a',Tp :o»>nn .22

120

[a/-r» «n]laan nrcysi nsina *rnK3 o»ai mm k?k nw nsitfn.1

-niyna noa> ht nmunna 'tk -tits '>3 inK >ip

nnsm laipaa n>nyn nx nnm n>ya>a isiwn >ip

laiyi Tin xoaa T>an opi 110333 nVsnm nnss

P'-rsi hbkh t»t n"a Kin 'M'la >y omai o*am3.5>an y-ri' Kin© aM yK T39> yal n t»kws ."P "I*'* V'ini

7»k yoian i*39>a nmi r»i33-iiya ysmn cnayovaiomai di>©3 D»a©3© on»3K oy >k*w» o'-Txwai i>

1T3 >3n K>m Kin 73 ok iaKn oki on'>yi»3s>a ma'opn -iisy ni >3> t»dx» na>.10

yiaiffV 1>» D1tff> '1K11 7133 7'K '3 1*137 >K »»W» X>1

nox3 *7> ytn *n» Kin 7 aw >3 ma'op 'tstVD»T3*Tn >3 7pm no *n*i *n» Kin »a

n>ya> esw&ni piatm iwi'm naKn in >y

s)"yK 7"7 >3«? man noa> cnsin >3 7pn ow wan itt miK3.15y3P3i Q*iyi [7't] ysin »n>3 tt k> 0D©am naKn »tc

-p n©y »3>s 7yio ysinm laana >y Kin taiy i"imnaKn tt 7"-rn tki 7*7ya o»-rym 13 >y nsy '3>s

n»wn n>ya> Kin *n» it Kama inaK VyKim D'tyi ysnai y3in.20

ysim onKon >kik?» >y tpsb '3sa 70© Knpsn ysinn 7'»"in

n^ya >3 niKiV *»» »j'»y-on o'-rym 7»i on»Vy•»3'y o'xnpan o»yn» o»ni>w am »i>a.3i -inos otk »33

DTKn *33 nwya >3 d'xtii o»n»3,©a on© off >y '"m*n> 'iw laisna i»35>>a 7pn3 ni >ai 'yn* Kin 7"-rm

7»k T3s> 033' x>w [naKn] OKI 7'T ysi nn nr.25

73 i3'K 7"-rm (3). 6 ..nosni (3).3 .noa>a nT (>).2Innu cans ysmn cnayevai (a). 7 .i'33> 13*k yainnwa

(a)|>Kna7' nwn i> (»,(a).8 .rpnm o'myna (>)

.16 .i>a >e?> 7133 tk i> yaw x>i (3). 11 .>Kn»* 'ik^si

yv kV (3)|tt k> 7'3ym naKn (a)|*n>a ni» k> (>)

.yam »». 'n» Kin (V)|maK> (ks).19 .Ton [t»t] (K)|»n>a.

|T3S> 7'7 (a)h»K T39> (ks).25 .i'3s>a 7=n3 (3).24,'i3i K>B? naKn OKI (k)

*,t :n»T3T .21

121

[K/na «nlnr I'ayn inayai ia«na ipn Kin nas »a ku?3i m -|Va [Tn].1

nrn ysmm i»39>a iki»'© n©y D»n>xm oik©>3K *i©» 7»ti oswan naKi nan* 'n>iT yam 13'k

d'3s> ori»>y mVana Vkhsp'T? dh> 03 33 n"3pnnisyo i33iy»© »"td nxy on> Tn3"> 7*Tn miw».5

nni3 n»n' tk i>an »3s> i»ni3yo 3i3iy3i [yainn]

no xin© noa> nsi© >ip '3 osaKi on»>y nmsiran K'n nypn n"3pn >a? Ttma mam

ma> iDiK'n nvnn D'am ma>,10[nsia; >ip3 '"] nynna dh»>k n>y *aKi n©pn Tin

TSTE? >ip -tio> *rnK3 *rn"nn> tisb -no Kin '3 aaaxiihik nmynnV i3> ©»i nVyaV inTinxa tn»nan

V© nmiynn 7103 o»amn Kin© >ipn>» nmiynna. oiKn >ia» iK»n naxn- dki noa.15xin »a i> y*rn nVya> Kin >ipn -mynn> noa

nViy mi'.n Vipn niK'xa K»atan *n»i *n*»

nmiynn i»K3i oipa dsjk iv noa>i n>ya>1'3y3 [ni'i n>iy] »3 nViy iniK'sa noa im>y> nsn

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.ion [ona] (x)|nn on> ©' (xs).7 .cxipsn on o'3© (a).

2

x»n© >y (xs).18 .ona mn'na (kd).16 .onay 11173,3 (3). 15|npipiT (i)|Vxa©ii naoa (xs).23 .nxip© (x).19 ,a">n omn

.>m ti iTai (3).25 .>ixa©n lata (>)

a»,i3 :n'y©» .6xo,T :x o'3>a .9

3.3, a> :ma© .19-200,3. j'x D'3>a .21

x/a» :n>»ao .25

130

[3/C30 11 ]

mrrna x»m inx -no >am n*>y T»a?a ton >ct.1

ma»> nmw>i iiwtr1? i3»Vy nsnaxn [nn»] -no m*n> dh3

'3'Z)K7 oi» iy 03»n>x *»» *39> annaon a© i3»n>x3D3>03 yaw o»>3pai T3>3 >xi«7' >w anna© xnnc;

Dtii'n^ ann mssnp nave "»nxV> inx [ans»] »>3.5naxs [onx o»it> txi] D3>as o'p3-r

03'HVX *»»3 D*p37fl DC1X1

rfi>»an i*3yD no .on»n D3>3 o*»nl»3n> '73 oyia Tai3

-inx mpa3 ht t'»3v 'man 7331 T3*r "|ina 737

nyi> t> w» TX33 7'7xn> T»* 73 >*» °^ wncni.10.>sn >t>d lnm nwyvnasns n ,f 3j?n 1X73 mxn '3

Q9«3:'Sian D»i3tn >3»i n>ya> D"innn o'737nn>va" >o xoans mi»na D»nVx nam no Kim noa>

D'yiT Dm a>3 07X3 nnos 7773. om noa >cn

7773 on noa> o»»3sian o»737n naam in »xsia>.15n3Tn D'asn i-nnw no 'sd lama o»x73i n>aa

Tiri3 D»>a3 OH 0>3T D>3 0*73711 »y3D 0313113 0>iy3n>a3] nnosi n>ai noa xin dikdv xxa3 aixn

7ioa [tdd31 nin oViyn 7ioaVsa >i>3 xin mxm >>xim n>ya Vw oViyn

n'nax n>ya 7103 oi«n'mi»n> mam ow maViyn.2007X naX3 73>3 >X7«7» QX '3 Q7X X7?3 l'X 7.3»9>1

maixn >3 7»xi mx onx V"t o»a3n naxi dcix

>xpTn» x'33n n>ya nsa? naxi dtx T'xips

Taiffim [o7x 73 nnxi] 3in3 mpa >33* dtx [ts] X7p3tf

n>'>n n>*>n n'T3 »n>iT mron i3'x '3 o>iyn '33.25

(x).5 .'3'atz? dt tv fra? nystf (3). 3 ."ion [Tin"] (x).2

x>3 (3),(V),(3s),(3n)Jnnx> 3isy x>3 (a),(xs)lni37y »>3

(3),(>),(»o3f(a3).8 ,7on [anx o*-it> I'xi] (x).6 .an'y.ion ['131 nVas] (x).18 .nnnx maipas (3). 9 .naf Tans

xnp-357 »a T'x (>;,(3d),(x9).21 .dbti3 infn> (>),(xs).20»3xx inxi noiK T3y3 i3>3 >x-w* »n>iT (a)|»n>i-T dtx

.24 .T'np (3s)|o"xnp (3),(>).23 .onx Dix'»nyT& ixx

.n>*>m on (>).25 .dtk 7= Kin maipan (x)|dtx pa (x)

x/a» :nV'aa .1

a,3,3 :xnp»i .3T»,n :»>wa .6

•t,*t :a»na-r .6-7x/1 «iia 7"y .9

x>,7> :>xprn* .21-22x/xo :ma3' .22-23

*i3i n3,a :dw ; 1,3 :^»xpTn' .24

131

[k/3 «n] .

n'*3 oipan »3D> i»3k ma'cm in>ya K»n it k>k.1>V »T13 ia<27 K1J73 iia> TTaKI DTK 1 Knp K1H87

isni'tzm inn nmsn »3sVi n"3 >xn »39> iaxy nrsa n'ne?

3"yK© 'T1351 >K3T3 13 1i1»>K >n T ie7TT1 1 flVyai lDinDIlomsK nnswaa n'nc? o»Taixn o'asnn 7a w»w.5

y-na n»n ins in»>x nax on nnswaa .*3»' i3»3x''C131 'T1311 >K313 73 N3F1 *'"= "' n K'33H *Kj?Tn»

nnseraa *»K3 na>i insn »tts 73 >kptit >x onn

xnp3 i3's>i *n» Vxn *3d> i&xy.riTa bmaxv »3sa on

l»3yni on nnsrcoa n»n n'Tn oc73 xnpsc/ »3sai dik.10oViy3 7»x 13 *3sai ny*r »xxia> 71331 piay Kin

oinn n»n«© wip n»n3 >3p»B7 Y» m -no> 0333a?

"|> Q7TSa »33ni DTK >>33 >>33 MX1 ,n.»33 D1W1.1

"1B733 01BTI D1K X»11 !1>»an 710 »3 niS? 1113'30; 7»3y3 ima»>«73 o>t& i'm»n> onxn.15

•>n»T3 nanxi 'na»K can n»m '3s> -|>nnn omaRl?>ian© 7T3 DVa? n»n x> 73> ompv nmn> T>3»ai [»3»a]

ia» tio3 niK i> nsoinai o©3 xnpsi o>«7 n»n *txlow onn n"3pne7 nasi ri'nsn no: x»nw

n* o«7 'nn xn niK ia«?3 onm it oik 112733. 20Via3w iy iaw mo i»>y n'*3pn o© nmn>

o>iy3 yii3 x> i3»3K pnx» »3 ny-TV t> w» nyiT3yn© iy omsx V© i*x>na xx» x!n

y-iT i«x>na'Kx* 73 nnx>i Via3i n^nyn i3aa omsxin>nye? 7iy3 mc?3 omsx rcae? xV o>iya© naxi anp.25

,(ks).9 .D'Tonn 70 wv (3). 5 .ini3*B?n x'n iti (3), (33).

3

.OIK »33 0333 >TK1 (a). 13 .laxy HT3a .Til »T13ff »3Sa (3D)1> *]0in31 (V»).18 .T3T31 '33 (k).17 ,n3DK1 'DBK (>).16

,13»3X DHT3K (3).24 .n'13H K*HC7 1103

1,3> :3TK .4io«?n p>3 :oip>» ; s :3io ^»3Q7

K/iop :*3 nmt1,3> :3TK .7

a,K :>xpTn' .83~k,t» :n»»Kn3 .16x/3,9 :*k nniT .19

n» :nsn T3T33 ; 3/kV :D»-m .21

132

[3/3 TOn>nyn ixa nao oi» npnx nmx n>ap xVi i3in3.1>3o nrn* nxao x»n n>nyn >3 na nxao nnvn>

sm> n'n omax »a-Ti»i o>iy3» cxpom dtoticn3»3aoxx t'aya "T»>ia is.tkw nx-irc it si mrnn ipy

i> Tarn n"apm nVoa> y-)T K'xinV x>© t*""' P*°«5fi»3 na t?atf» x>i n>iya n* anpnn xV© npix nmx>

wt.p y?iT ana xs'r nay lanni »tx >ia3©n»nan nix ixa {art-p yiT inn]

Tina »3 xao y-i? xnps n>nyn:,ia xxi» sninwai'

o»ian »a nyt> i* «?' nam kxt Kin nxaionnxaion tx Tina »n>tr vas an> T« o»>ny on».10

synr sao omn na 'ssai n>nya Q*yan3 one? »3sa

[oanpa] arm -\wai ia anViya o»xao on© oca o'xaoD«?a» oipan Kim n>ny nxnpsn nxaion isa

OB?a mowbna mxaom myn ninn [mmis]nn Kim nxaion -pna »n!?iT onn nao ps ia >yi.15

n>nvn'K».nw onxaio iina oaina.ta.iwn nxaion>nyn x»nw xamtn nmx ina i'T3»a» nywai

p-rsn ima omne> o»3ipnai nnxaio ana jinnTisj

nma x»n it »a pix na. nan xnps ia Vyi »naxnnav"iio Kim o>iyn »m n*nan no Kim n*nan.20

na«? on»>y maynw iy wip yir or>ia3 t»x ia >yi

ma K'xim n3»ta> 03331?] i>a>.>wa >"t 'axs nnx

iy Dp'T *3S 1XT X> TX33 W»W 0»X3D3X >3 8X1

xV>xia»> nH apn Tax na n>nn xsnoa »3»' ikT»»nyaw t»kw naam nK i»>y maynw ty anp »39> ix?3n»i>n^Kin Van 'a osaxi [naw x>a n>»a 1'xi na» x>a

ia.33 niK .K*nv n'nan o'»p>i n>nyn Tayna n»na3»nwp nx nt ia33 x»n mx 'a.navn nx omaan nr

osax* inx i»3y >am n»na mxV nn»m isya 'nna.25

,7 .imaaoxx (3).4 .o>iy3© o*oa.ini o'ltiptso (3),(>).3ixa (>)|n*n3n Tioa (a),(3s) |ion [vi? ir\t inn] (x)

,14'. is nna (39), (xs). 13 .non [osnps] (x).12 .nnan,0'aViyn rn (a),(>),(as).20 .mis (x).18 .mnmo (x)

n>nyn oix»a (a),(x9)|TDn [*iai na»Ta> 0333©] (x).22.03 ax

a/ix i- x/nx :o«7 ; x/a» :'x nmT .9a/m - x/m : a©

a/T - x/t :'a nm? .19a»,x> :maa? .24

a»,o :n*»xna .24-25

133

[x/K3 «|f]

mKsti moy noa m.ayn x»n n»-ian m° »a.ii0333 Kin eripn n»*ia moa 03331 mas cn.Knaai.

n>.i"yn . ».m ' moy,n. iriK man frw mama 'nraa

on© I'ymsi Tina ia»sm ma man Va'm Va mon>iyn nam? T'mayai Tinawa -rn»a .o»a»»iy '3<&*5

0333 »in 1'yiisw moyn n»na moa 0333 Kin »ininT 7»x '3 "rnK n»na'i?ai o>iyn »n p»is >3 n'Taa

i> nn»n na >"t caan 'bk ni no >yi ht »n>aT3yn o»K?Tso *iipx nai now Vaai omax>

K»n«73i moyn n»na int [na] Kin nT Ti33n [l»3yn] pima.10o'oViyn »n Kinw >sa »n>ir n>iy n3»K oa?a p>noai n>iy

inn* >a »a K»n >aa yix mn*i [*non§ inn ia mVn nacnotz?a Knpn> ovm.ysvn n> ©' >aa n>» aio >3i

K»nw inti'n nmx »3 osaxi o'wyam camyn >3 tttkmo mTi nn3iana >y ijiann} naiy >aa own nVya.1503aKi oyia tana i3"3yi moi n»nan mx n>ya

man Kin n»nam] yinaa niaiyn ns>pn K»n nVnyn '3

o»393a i>tsi [yina ns»>pn naxn itbi o»3sa -raiyn

nsiaKn noa 0333 oixn m»na ii'aan 'T'-ayn mo Kin 13imaT >3 hkt *aK3 mon nT >yi nm "psya

bipan niKinm pa-rnY mixty TTTKn '39 nK.20nK3n mn" mo i^pa Van tn"> npya "jaym. iKn»a

•rnx iacn inK '•»» m»n> inn iroa "rnx iwpai»>y nns iwx >»a<?a >3> nra i3Tani? i>kn o'3"3ya »m

13'i-nynm V'xm T3Dyan D'K^D l»ay 110 .nnnmoa mynnV 13> w r\>-\y mo n>»an moa.25

; K'n (a)jmoa moyn (>)|moa moyna K»n n'Tan mo (a).1»n (a;,(>),(ao),(Ks),(3-i).3 .niKsn. moyni no: moyn

(as).9 .ca>iyn 'n (a),(a)»(^),(a3),(«s),(3T).7 .o»a>iyn(k).12 .mr ina- (K)pon' [i»ayn] (x).10 ,d»»ibb Ibk oy

Tana i3"3yi moa (a,)|n»nan mo nVya (as). 16 ."ion [mon].ion [Vial n»nam] (K<)|o»3saa i»myi yinaa (a). 17 .oyia

.7n'»nn> (a), (as).21

03 :nan cpvxna ; a/To :Kina Kaa .81 fmw »»n :Kainsn

n,n :n>np .12to, to :o'nai .19-20

a/is - K/i9 s'a. nnn .24

134

[3/K3 «rr]

T*3ya nampn itmna *n» isian uTnino o»x>3n.1'ax nasi i>a.. >w i»nT!3Ta "nco npipnn npnn

pxw xin i>b mn nprt pn >e? mpa >33 V't o»a?nnaxs la >yi i»nna nnx nnin> dtx> m«n

d*kV3 y»3in x> pnans mown »m.prr nx TX33.5n>y» xV Tacsy© o»xV3 73.31 o»x>3 vim x> ~["tvr

npn ens *3» D»T3in imxa nnx x'n iti -pVyoycs -|Va hTta x»m npn x»n itc? !)"yx '3 oaaxi

T1331 i>a '>3'n3 Tisa. Kim T»3y3 »» piayi Vna*n»i *n» mian »3 nvr> '-f>- w» 'd*V»3«h>> xin.10:•'

-; ; r>i ' isnxV K>i*?*?on 's> oViyn xnsD*3innm o'3T>y x>xan non 's> 13*d>i imTy>o>iy 'inos nsyan n»n ht>i '»» rnTy> 1X3 xV '3

nffyas D'T3in >3 7pm no n"a Kim naa' ionTai f»a >3 n»n»«n inaisn >y nsm T37 >3 n»»Kna.15

>yi i3'a T'Kan f»a i3i'yn»- xVon i3'a iriK -|>in

>3K? m'aV i3»a* in3»a> n»»xn3 n©ya >33 *ax3 13my'D33i o»viT3 i>»sxi in3»a nnx iVm n»n' pa

HB7W3 XH33© T3T >331 H1Diy31 HTHSI mai13313»y XKH yTKH XWin *3ff in3»aV *aX3 D'^KT3 *a».20

in3'a> i> ivit ircx »ns nany yyi in3»a> vit y-naKT3»i 'aixi i3»a i3*kb?3 7»a D'3»an ianyn» x>w

nanan >3 nKi ] ri3»a> ynxn n»n nx o»n>x?y'voi*in wan >3 nxi [-11*13*0*

inx> tot i»a >3i nsr >3 n»n»» *ia.i] irt3'a> ynxn[i3»a i3'x«?3 i»a T*3*»n isiyn' x>i in3'a

»aa i3»i ht »x nvT» n33i13 ix^ya; maaa i>»n ysoa nprca©.25

,ia>iy XT3 (>).11 .imn> d»x«7T onx t'x (3)»(^)i (*)-»4

nansn V»3 nxi] (x).23 .amx TP'm D*n3in >3 hto (>).1^->3 n*n'C7 *iai] (x)hn3*a> naixn (3s).24 .non [n3'a>

.13 inxipyw (3).25 ,i>an y303 (>)|non [*i3i T37

0»

135

[k/33 «n]a»x>a nwiyi n»wxia nwya >w o»3»an "i'Vnan.1— —n*wm:j va» nwwa amnni. nx»nan TpwaTnDr^3a~^aT_irrwa

n^wxsa nwyaa -j> »nppnw [npn] npn ixaa *ax3 is >mx>w nam rmx T^nn >xi mix npwn >x

[awyi] awy >a i> i»x n»aan 'oxi mnan any>.5i> 'ixi imx naai y»pna naiaa ix>a T>y t*xw T">xaw

ninan anya noa> o»3'an anyaw »a *»s>i ViaD»y3a3i ana oma»>w n>ya Tayai n>ya >w

D'x>a -no inn oi'pam man* naxa maaVai3Taxw na >y mo any tnnv. gftyKi.10

my»3a Tarn x>an x> x»ana oyn x>a»i to7»3yn nT >y> dixt naxa mwa [omx ysnawj n>ya >w mnan

T3oy» 7»3ya waa T>m xinr nawn *mpn nx 'axs'>ya am T3oyw t*3* wnsa 'ti»xn a*x>a naa tnpw

wai>w 'a >y nsiaa -rnx tow u'Bf *aixi mawn.15maaa >"t n'aan 'axw T'aya imx pnn> >ai»i T3oyw

»in nmww »ai »in >aixw »a mair Vy nsiaan tow «;»» o»noawan>w »a >y naiaa -rnx tow w» ia p»Tn> nsiaai

xip>3i [p»TnV >ia»i] nai »io yiw xinv inxa D'nwai Taxrn»a o»nws*) nax >» naiaan xim Ty tow m.20

wxsow i> T*"iip n>»an T»ia> o'yiT 03»xw D'uni'ixi Ty tow *ai> o'xm oaina T3awV on> yiv »a

»a*n nnio »aa own»sa pini i3»x naim iaisoa orwn na >y >ni T'3* naxi naann

natm T»ann Ta'° V* T3oyw mm. 25

[npn] (x).3 .n'wxia nwya npwa (a),(a),(>).(aD),(xa),(ai).2...n>ya> (a). 8 ,ia»s>n >Ta (a). 7 .non fawyi] (x).5 .ion[p»rn> i>a»i] (x).19 .ion [omx ysiaw] (x).12 .omn»>wlian T3oyw waa na*na mo xxa mTy tow ht (a).20 .ion

.ty tow, »npi

»

136

[a/33 «1T] j

nTa >X3' nTa.ppynav ra >atz* nmn> 'ia ia Kin.1-OKI yttapiW-HT-T^'->-a3--?";n-'i-T-;R3--"p:Dynian

:>a- -- ai>a

D18K3 dtk> anppan lorn Kin 'a nyiann 'in ix>Vo-m men Voi3 nyoai mr i»ob.b.i n>iy [K3n] Vx

isaa xt i3'x nmna poiyn >3inat?3.5insVT'n K»n »a *3W man 'in minn la vi.sna:

: krxi»w »a loiTa 'in minn 7a ansjnaB* t*i*3 PS"Town inn ima >ya i3aa n>oi3i ina»3

xinw >Tra mx ya jnan iK>a innnai nna* nxaV i3'>m> '-T3 oix> nia Tins. 10

miria Kin airxn la >yi n»a'n Va io9t?/a

»*n [T»a» tiki] i"n x'n 'a *3B* o"nn -|> 'in nnna poynnn>y xV© T3sa nawm nxn nyunn -|> 'in ik> oxi

inn ima >ya -|natr/3 iaa >io»i -|»>y t».wv»ni'mxn 'ino tio orznfpa niacin '>ya urn's. 15

mi' -j'Txn> i3> i»ki naann ipya nxs ovii'BiT»aaV lias >am at foya lSTaiff naa 13> n 'a nta

n>Kn Dn3in nx^m. 013* noo»ino3 on

DciT>a>i ia >a ananV o"iKi 03'xi naann »Tno '3"3ya.20o'a'ian a*! ain mxan 'ayo nsoa 'nTan naai nVaa

oyia Tana ' max obi ] ia,in tso Ki.pan Kim>3X d"Vki D39KB* omx> ynV nioas i»n» kVe* na

na*i> »> «?»' D"na p>n i> ni'n> imxn 'n'xi© '39anm' Dino "jib^s nt aina> 'ny-ra n'm o'Tana "iV.25

la onsm (3i).6 .xT'na 13'x (3>,(>).5 .xaxn (x).4'a (a).,(a),(ai)..7 .''nan man la ©nam (>)|minn

I en » en ten 'nna (3*1). 15 .non [i'a' tiki ] (x).12 .x'xiawt'3y 110 (a), (xs), (3*1). 18 .ni'mxn 'ina 710 (3s),(xra)»n»x-iK* aiwa .(a"i).24 .D'nsin DID'H "{'"JiG (a), (39) |D13'

,ci"n3 ysn i> ni'n> (3)|-|mxn

x/nsp

.137

[x/l3 IT]nnns mns ncrt> i> 3in3> 'nsisin i»>y »n>an a >sx.1

D'isin nx i> na© nnxi i»s3 *" mm n'nri Tya>ox »n>iT inx d»it> fxi iis^ i> Tii'i n>Kn

w»© 'ixin 'sd i3»n>x nmna naxs vaxai xon kt rutin

Vn'i *n» xin mioirn -no i> V*ymVi T>y oin>.5nnpVi i»nx X3> n'3s x>3 na oixnrcs innina

[nin 7i on T»3yo] cwsns j»oyia ca'a© a"yxi inas» nx

T'avinv omx Dai maiy naipaa x*enpn i»iy yix3m'cnp nasi o»3»»3y nas -pixn nT3 ii'izm 133»

m>a> >13» *3»x» s"yx >sx onyi »s> la'tbrn? nas w.10ny-rV iV ip»90*w d»isi 1x33 naix o»'3»»Syn->3 TX33

>3 ow 3ir»3x »n>nnn 133a? n>np [wins] iso3 ? [n"ys] »3 ipynlies D'3irn"3 no >y m»«npn- tnix >3i o»3"3ynD»inon »piay> d»03S3 a»i3in »a nT in >y rim>xn

'pays o»33yn orot&sna iwx iy n»>3n tx>.15*n'i *n» ia» 1103 nssian »en© ipysi naiaxn

•its ht o»tnx3i na.oV naoai 131V isia *i>n >3mTisn »S3 i> wisa '33m >n.j. "nx>

isxn n3iri3 ins *n'i 'ti' xin '3-yin m T3yan>»an no xin© nax omna i3'i©33 oienn n.rn.20

oixn 0333 nT 11031 n>ya> i3Taie? na 'D3posn xn' xVk? nam 'n*i *n» xim n3iaxn tips13T3» x> ircx msn naan no xin '3 nT npa>

noa>a nT -npa p'osan V3i mpa> posn T'xi na»a•pxs n>ya >© ms ff'naw 'a >13>3S [lyisa »a»»i].25

T'axai (xs).4 .nnnVnms (3)|xn>»ai xnm> nms (>).1'3 npyn (x).12 .lion |3»a owsn3 (x).7 .13'nVx nsiax 1103(3). 16 .1103 o'sn n"3 (39), (xs), (31). 13 .nVnp 190a .ns»93 (3),(a),(xs).18 .o'inx3i (3). 1? .nssian 'enw 'ipysi

(a)|iyina »s'i (x).25 . 13331ns ina (s),(>).19 . "plain

• >is*33 i3**ya »3"i

a,*' :ma© .2T',n :'>©a .3

n.ns :o»i3i .6-7

138

[a/aa «|i]

_xaiy Djxni >?xin Bajn_aT.n» nmi a» '3a a»a i>tki ' wain.1mwa "wa viipaw »ai n»3i»>y xaan "rioa

i"noa>.

o»a«n >aw on on'3B? k>k >i3* k>v'

Vtm/iv ix »ib

nspn i> T'K ny*r> »na tnvva ff»a»» mix ma nr

nwx nnp> nan x>© paa TipnV >3i» xV nnyav a>iy>.5nc7K np>i >in©nw imxi nssii n>n93 >-rnwn>i

i»nx Kinw i'Vx anpn i>xiaa IP"' na "»nt Vis' xVi

K>3 nDB'TCIIK >3X H>Xn D»3"3y3 1> n>*X 13 "inX>1

nmxa possi i>a >w i»td>s Tina 0333 i3»x d'33

n>>33 x>rc niK03'inav3i msiann >3 nV>isn nsiann.lOaara imo*r masi ni»33 nia'vsn nxtzrc? oipa3

Kim >»Kim '39Va K*nn -vssri n.cnasi ]»3va innxim nnwa isVxi'w Vxia m»n> mx *n»i n' xm 13

*»nai] 'lan nn' a»nx iaw» '3 '3© i»>k anpn rnsna3» [it w»-k> nxinn nan n©x n'nn x>

©aa na©3n nmx '3 yivn T»3ym n»>y X3».15n>>na 7313V nVnna mp3 T3.iam n33n

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m>73ia mavsn (an). 11 .iin> (xs).9 .n>ixaa ipna ht >13'

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.ion [3«7i] (x).23 .ismsxminx

139

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o»a niKxi* mavani yiv 737 xm ow »3 n^a *in

7103 in mavin >3 mso >yi T"T»o Kan»n insn n33

13 nxnps - navan '3 [i*nx Dya] nan o«r cna* x>i inn ow

1> ytm >xiB7»3 law xnpsn inn x»nn nson n337>i3n mix xnp> t»xi oVnyV d'xtip i»n x> 13 >y »3.10

>y mins 'axs own T'3* *a Tic»na n»nw nan ou?3

D»ian i»3ya n>nna umynn nwx >yi nn'n inawa7^x3 nxaicin Dipaa nx3 onaw3i oniiv o»»»imnimisw nai'ian nmx i*»bk- »a i> yin i37ax

x»m dw nxnps x»n *ix nxaion mnm rncsj owa.15>7aan »3ia o»yvin nr in >yi sn nxipsn nanan-non inn namon nmx >y nn*n orrcia-na^sn innnxnn ^pin oxiy omx73 »3 ow i3> nwysi naxwx»nn nanian nsos onw o>iyn nT3 mxsn mau'nnn33 D>iyn nT3 nmx pm> T3yn iai> I3ii3i un.20n»n» nasnV >7aai n*y o»3i3i i»sny i*nw nwyanDm [naVsn tit imx3] DnV nn'n nVna nasn '3

»3"3y ^3 '3 D»yii» i*nmx3i mswas o>3 o>iyn nta ni?x nrasnan nnxnnnpm >7aai Ty o»3i3 i»n \d >yi x»nn nson naa

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nson (3b).25 .ion [na>3n tit i

ion [«?B3 :

140

[a/«T3 «n]nT3 npmVn t>?s i'hb? D>ys3 [myoVi] nmx ipnV.1

lix »Vy.VB i'»riw »3B»''*n»T '*n» x-nan -os»Bnw iy D>iynp»ym nsian it 01 nan aw o*i?n> -non ht *»b>i

i»>x tok^ nan imxa nanaan n awnam3iw» ox max i»3y moi i»ai>y »a*> awi nn»an.5.1i»y-jm naian 'a «nox* i»Vk in&vii inn na> t>x

nana mo inn 13.1&KV na »sa nnn nattna nnn nawnaiTioa n»>y nn "|»©an> nawnan Taya n>snn10 >yi nn-a "|wa3 nn »a i>w nawnam nnn

xinwa ij?»na nn*no nan nn'an© «»nn nwxn siao.10

nas on'aa? naia [m»n>] o»39 >a >y x»n na»-nae o-»»na

pnos iiawnn.inViffi caanV Vxwa -iaa m nannsxw nwsaw mxa inia 7va> xtb m

•rxa iy n>nai nsiaa x»n »a naiwna i33»»yi nnI3"nw na> ninii i3Tan iwx i»3yn '9>.15

o»asnn »3w omx n>nna mx»:3in3Tai ina nas Vmwan oik w» [nTa] isn nT one?

naoa nxxi»n nai»>.yn mi am na owsnnw »"ra

*ixa *n*n *n» xin t^t i»a»a naTa* x> *iwx nnanmaa> xia nwx i»xna3 nsos noai n>ya nmx»3:aa.20

innawnw imx^a na mpaa n»n» nVysn Tiasne; »T3THXT3 »TiaaVi max mo inn noai nVya

[Tn*©y ix i»cn3it»]

ik m>ia i3'Ki ina naa >*mwa ntn oixm>Tniba o»nau? s"yxi T»n3 iV D»nai D'T^inc

,(3s).5 .nT3 omx prn> (a)ficriK p?n> (i)|iyo>i (x).1,11 .isnaxw na »sa (x).7 .ia> (3). (39). 6 .o*w' ox (a)

.I3'3yi (3D). 14 ,n3iwnn nn>en (3). 12 .Ton [m'n>](x).nViyn maan (>).21 .ma >33 (3s)|nT isn nT (x).17

.ina >aa (3s).23 .Ton [Tn'wy *|X i»cna:»](x).22

na,a> :ai'K .5T,T> !3TK .6

T.aa :n»y©» .22

141

[K/na in]

*aK& i'3ya im3j?T3 nafff ik> dkv minnaa nat ox.1

nrma on»3B? dxi ntn ik ntn n©a' ht'k vit 13'x

ynr npaa piosn nt rinnsi o'3io

mm nnkv mya nai>a lynr cik.5

rrns mwyV >nn©n *ai>a nym n* *"!* inn>'3iany>i n> naiann nwxa mwn K'xm an nri n'3ni

nana >annn >x ipt nnK© s"w l'v nan ?x

naa ik »>-»m »mnnaa rn>"rnwn nai? nr

k>i >'Kin T7T '3Ktff T»3S Via* '3'xi 'n>nn«?n.10

* ynn x* i*n' nsn >k ai^»«* nr >a >y »n»ar

m ik hth D'ano nnxa on'3» dkt nrca' run 'K

-imapTa n'Vinff o*33n ik ncnnnaa Tln.nw csank> 'a tyiai iiwKnn otk fit >y n'Knm

-,> y»?o> >xn '3S> nT ik ntn n»a' nt 'k ynn.15

»aw iK vntupt TOTa IK i»nnna iat3 n'>in«7

'3ipTn '33i D'mysn '3a d'3ib on nnxa D'sarn

tt» *p' >xi n'naa p»Tnn> Tnx a'3s >a >yi

nm i3m' 'n d>kki Tonna nm' irnn ia> no2

n'a nxn'©yn xnaa T'n 'aiK n»ni in'&i i»33 n»>.20

k>t lan mirnm iyao »>n3 naawiniapta inaxi

T>an >y [npi] o>iyn mix a?3iya Kn'ns _Via' ^rrn

la'^n x>i 'nxn xa>ya na'a> >'a' L«3« J nzs aKn

T3ni' 'n *axi nnK t?t '3'y n»apn iV n'xnc? ny

«-nnri n->**v n»V lil'Xn n'i?Tn *n >V1 X30 nxn "py.25man D3'>y npy irrxn n'pTn

nan (a) f(a),(»,(«).2 .lniapia naT' »>jk ini-maa (a).1

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.(>),(KD),(an).10 .Vansn >x (».8 .mvrn n> x'ann (a).7

(>).16 .y"o> d'hVkh '3S> n»a' (>).15 .'n>ia' x>i (a?

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(x).23 ,T>an >y pm a>iyn (k) Dpi D>iy (a).22 .iyao'v

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i,k' :n>np .2-3d© .4-5

n>,na tcnan .7i,k' :n>np .7-8

o» .11-12

142

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nx naw» "iwx d'0'to> '»» Tax na »3 aix.19-n-»-«i33—B*p-»:T-n=aJ? »nssn wxa^-viti-3-1—*,sw-haa

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ma» x> nc/x i> inx oViy o» ni33i o*aaa aionaiann nms ttod on/ imx rna» x> nwx

n>xn Q^proBn ».3W i».a»3i ni3iann >a n>>ian

na Kin nT oxi mxT >» i»pnn 'lime on3n3.10naia> aaxy D'OToan mx '3a nxw T3^ *?mx'xa TToa Dtms offsnn x>«? naio n»n'

[nam] i3'x» imsi 'axrc na »sa n"a oxmai> 'ix inxn la isn xm *ax» na 'sa >"rn»n>

»n» Vxi 'axer na 'sa oViyn imxV inycn' 'a. 15d'tt» min'.-rnaKw na K?3iy T3'ya >?3

'a lima' t>i x>a [bia.im.] ima'D'»3iyn nmx >aa xm >na «/3iy d'3s >a Vyxm d»39 >a >y 'a mnna o'taxsn a»>nan

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n'n x> T'iy nn na >» inipx na'nsx'n nip' n'z/'Vew nVxwn ny noi n^x i>.25

.10 .nsiaxn nmx -noa (a). 8 ,'n'nas o'p'Tnai (a.), (a).

2

.17 .o>iyn imxa (as). 15 .Via' i3'xk> (x).13 .onsnn (a)

-r>i x>a laiaim (a),(a)|«>3 lainm (x)JD'Tny Tn' (.«)

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s 'a'nx nm D>iy> (a)|i"iy nn in»x.mnx n>x»n

7,13 :n'y»' .1-2n,i3 :n*ya7' .6-7

3,a :xi|?'i .17

143

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[iaiKn Tsn] iawi i»3ii >33 a»on nVcm TQitn i>i3a.1„_i»:5»in>_. J no Vaa >™ 1 sn ;'_ >a jnl w_yo

.1 >ai

7i on »93 o>iyn iniK3 tfiT' oipa nfV nat k>1

nan d T '3^1 »nin3S7 nx iia»» i»x a»o»io> 'mattr

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opitfi n»nwa y?ixn >y sibp x> »3 Di3»n

na»*ra n3»xw iaxn oxi oViyn mika xin noiai

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D»iax i3»E?o 'Jim naxn J3in >y

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o>cm ronn *3 -]> yin naisa tbixix-113 mi3y3 [ina.Vaa] >inrcan.20

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T3,i :'>»a .16n»,a,3 :n»y«?» .17

144

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145

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mi»n xa' iy dtk oiw> *n»i 'n? mVa k>i ht >y om>Kin nx»>rin i?3yi pna

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naann mams paiy •inoan' o»»na P>n i>

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die?3 di>3 Vy3a3 pVn i> T'x» ©'1.25

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».-o,na :o'n3-r .153/T3 :ni3H3 .19-20

146

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nn»n na i3»an 'omak Vw ma Yrr i«nn a'ta

pip^n Y'k» *a «7'i nb«b Vaai bfnax i>

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ina nnxm mfna na>e? i>an mo3> nxstf

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npn tx> Txa iy D»sn o'Viia. an nmnntcit ttoik n>np iso annsai n»>am

nny *ry nsTane? naa n> »*n n>xn o*ino.a.a

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i»a Via'n xVitiancn 'fa >wan x> D»ays

•mxn n>»ax> 7nx >"t *»man itzn-n a>napiay xin nm nom nxanV -rnxi >ik/3>

3ina> 'Ken '3»xi nxTisn naann 'pays.25

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lipna T3T dib7 i»on> riM apn nan x>© »3sa n3'a©.15

»03K1 D'PTl .tarn o>iyn

D»i3im onV iai«r»i axia> i>ys *i©x *\-\w\

oai nrn piosn no 7»ay nyr> t> w» D»p»nyrnzm 1*3^3 i«nai lanoi i>a V"t *»aon '3.20

nxT3 iocs »s> ntn piosn >ax ntn T»aynimx3 it>13 nwx dtx »3a m ae '

onwnyr>i npn> e?» >3X anise on»> 'msn X3i i»t

aasnn 7103 piosn m T»3y naxn "\-n >yo»XT3 on© s"yx na»T-ia....»w3Ki o»pi* »3 t> yrn.25

xin (xs).7 .tio >3> i»a»a 13T» (kb)v4- .xin oyom (xs).1,(xo).10 .npimn on> mw?> (3),(a)jion [on>] (x).9 »ov

(a),(xs).13 .non [i'33>] (x).11 ,D»inT3 i3m»n> (>)(x).14 .man oxt on3 oi>ffn (a),(>),(aB)|n7&n it oi>rcn

• T3m (xs).16 .im Die -iio'b? (xs).15 ,i3a»n p>no3i,nTn T3y3 (xs).21 .X3Ti3 »©3xi n»w>©n n^xwn

148

[a/m «n]oin»i dtk '33a [on] o»oiaa 0'3»3y ms »33 msff.1

ps?x"in dtk nnVi n navana iawa3 2? nnVi nn

nT »s> wns >w inarm i»>y axw3i Twasw inKa

o'amo onai o>3i mins i»nn>in om» [xsan] i»3yn»d ia> o»an oam i'3ni yaw cnx ia nny.5

D»ianm *inaw naa mVnn >y irsia isid Tain7»ai» ?»ny imK noDW onai >"t n»p»ny

ems nawan nao 'a nyr> i> w» >3Ko-TKa o'Dm'an nn-»iri3 Kin 'sianpn

d-tk Vy nwans wnj mis nao »a osaxi iiu?x-in.10

aits Vy o»oni'an on i»nn>rn'>3 xamtn nmxm?>n3 hno 'ne? in© nm anon 'a yn *yi

it nao >yi Kin -rnx t^'kh -no »a on iTa it nms3inana xai yin Vyi aion >y n'3»3?n >a xxan

aion naoa Kinw na it nn>mn on»V D»a»noan T3ya Ksan ns's> '3 nn naoa xinw nTi.15

nmn> xai otk »3aa inaio inoana im»na o'T-in

'1XY 13»XB7 KOn 1H3PT inX>C7 1 0B3n '3»3y

^a i3Wi rrnan x>i n»i k> ons t*k iwx o'biw>nmT myna ni3X3 x>i isaa i3> no x> o>iyV

naVi? n3?T ny> 'n»i i»>y *ax3i m»>3«m maann.201>»i 'mai o'-inx o»n>x nnx na> nx ion [tw]'iai oiaVa '-mxi D'ins »n>x nmnwy nnx na>w

Txa i'm>x> 3inx xinw hts osn Vy xin l»ni namVa >yi nT >y nann >x >ax n>x3 onaia

maann an mao oi>wn on 'a i>>n o»T3 ,m.25

T\>y tk«?3 (a),(xs).3 .ion [on] (K)|n»n»i mx '33a (xs).1

,13> o'«n nam ya© (a),(>).5 ."»on [xxan] (x).4 .inaniT

(a),(xs).19 .wn3n mix rowan »a (xa).10 .wnan nawan (3).

8

isaa mo x> o>iy> (a),(>).19-20 .maan nnT i3aa m3K3,iaa> nx ion »ie/3 (x).21 .n»>ae?n maan nm I3aa max x>i

ona73 nyo»w i'nVx> (3>|n>x d'T3T nvv>m TnVxV (V).23-24m30 m>wi on 'a (a),(>)|imaan an (3,),(xs).25 .n>xn

.inaan an

x/o» :*a nniT ; a/i> :av ; 3/0' :*x nniT .3-4

3/aV - x/aV :dw ; 3/aa - x/aa :'a xto 731 xn»3 xs>kaa :nan n»wxT3

ow .9-10

T3 *|i wtpn >po T903 aa T»y ; t,x» :'x o»a>a .20-21n.x» :*x D»a>a .22

149

[k/o3 tt][mons] »3 ht >y nna 13 -nffp n»n Kin *i<&k iVxm.1— ^.t .-Dfl-3 --K^ —>TT3. X'33 **1K3 13 WW »3'3y 13 12)3 "|V D*ipn> '>

'oiki 0'3i3T m>»i o»3i3T .nwK i> npi> [*"] i> 3» imaoon TK33 V*t *13T norm Oo-r n3 noa nx np»i i>'i.5>K0 >"TT **01 >3H H»n HK133 .1KT03 X>K np>W D1>«?1

nyi nai na nyi hst o»>3i ns noia >3nt& naia

noo yn» i»3y> D'msiB on n>Kn o»3"3yn >o

03bx [xin] Kin 'dkibx [iV'Kn] noo '3 nx-iisn noonn

lV'K3 imiBpnm masn 3113 i>an naVff »b>. »3.10

i»n© d»w3 «i>Kn *no yrcrorai moan o»>fi?n> nsn Kinn

yin ihik f?3» Kin 13 '3 Kxan mnx nso 1103 [m*i33] i>

1>»k ihik Vff ma*nan 01301 Kinn t>»'K3 nc/psn

inasn 3in3 na>«zn inK >x coos in cimaa o»e?3 «i>k

ny»n» "no o'V^nVi naonn »inr moi -no "pnonV nan. 151o»>em>i [i*3n>i] ny-r> jn'inK i»B3 7>»Kn T3yk>k f3y»i 'aK k>i naVa i>'i *aK© inn na*nan

nasnn oiVom f 3y ©pa>i wsn>i iin> -|>n i>'iit ny»*r* inK n3"in ~\vaiv i»n3 >y nai sn»>

1KT13 [oyo] ourx nr >y i> n>m -pian 'isa -inT.20-p»n >i3K rwaca em *aK nT >y o*3s >o >y '3 n>

ny-r> K'n mwn nsin [K»n] 13 iimpm iy3tt>n toyi> 310 T'3 7»nan>i T*3y ioik wp3>i

DDBona D'3i iKon nT 7*3y3i is p3inn> x> >3x

mo3i Ti.B»nn dtk * 3 [D3"n] "now* lvi' **"« i»*inK.25

[*"] (k).4 ,i3Ton3 »3 (k)|hb?p Kin ncx fV'Kn nT (V).1

>anff (ko).7 ,oi>en onw TK3 i&nDff w*i (a).(>).5 ."1°"

(3). 9 ,D'n'3ia n>K (>).8 .n3 T'Taia (^s) "3 o'loia

nyn> (k).16 .non [m»n33] (k).12 .lorxn (k) i>'Kn nao

.ion [x'n] (k).22 .iktio oyo owk (k).20 .o'>»n>i n*on>i

.DTK K3 1»3TT 110^ (k).25 .P3in> (^),(ko).24

3,k :y»m .4a,K :y^m .5

3 :n3T T3ia3 j 3/to - k/ts :o»nos .6ia,3::o»3i33 mis

n,K* :*k o»3>a .17to, no :'>tfo .21-22

150

[a/D3 «ji]

y-r» x>i nr -psya 03331 maan ana *n*i n».1

m a i >~-o-i-a-i- i-»-n-n-K-•-n-nssa i~ni-yona--iaem>

iwaai oaaal n.3 la "mx> xai i''nn>in VaVi

T»»n T» nw*i nsK no inn iw x>i

yr» x> *a Sra n>nx n>nx Tina >an»i naw»i.503331 13*3X omax xa ht i»3yo iawn>

na'-ixa omax n»i inn oi>s?a xs*-ioi>»a

lai o'i7*-rxn >3 131 o>ixaa omax V»'i [ »noi J

x> onoi ma ona ono> 103330 nyanxlaoona »a mo 7*an ox inx ywVxi naw3.10

mr »nso nasion nss »a nxm inx >x mpataxim nnaoi m"3yi nnVwaa nxii npn iae?a p>mia©ana o*3s >3 >y '3 i3iy x<zm db?xi na»3 x>

0303 -inx xnpsi law nx xe?3 [inx >xs] ipanni

oyo i> n>n tbxo yominVyaa x'aan pi ip3"rn.15

ny-r> it nao "inx nyiVi mpn> *n>i n' 1x113

nmx mnx naoa i3»a3i ixon© unpn oy »3"3yVx *" nax'i i3iax w inn isnax ircx nao

isnax -wx inx >x nao *iai o'3i3T n»x [np i>] y«nn

o'3i3T nwx >c? maom ma-nan on o'3i3T 'T^'i.20

mT ntpxa "pa©> n"y na>«? *ax n»>yi mi n«?x

np»i i>*i *ax -no inn np'Vnn n'Tox n'TasaT'»a»ni I'naia ns >3nc naia o»>3T na naa nx

ns T*-i»ia ^=n TKt/yjni yii P'ts otx tx »o

'axa inti o>iy3ff nn>inn >3 T3wa3 x»nn [nn303i].25

.mT »nsw nssion oscd '3 nxii (>).11 .nma« >y'i ixi (>0.8

.km -rnx >3 ip3tm (x).14 .nsn lawa (>)|n3n jawa (3s)-12

mxi>i it nso nnx mpn^i nytVi 03on> (a),(>) ,(as),(x9;.16(x).25 ,0'3i3T nt&x i*? np yrcin (x).19 .oy '3"3*

,o>iy3w nnVnnn >3 c>wa3 (>),(3"i) |x»nnnanai

xa,o :n»wxna .4-5.*,a» :n'«yxna .7x,3» :n»«7xna .8a/T :na»an .9

3,n :»>»a ,11-123,x :y©m .19

n,T :oo ; to, a :*>ffa .21-22a,x :yenn .22-23

151

[k/d «n]»3nan» xonai »n>>in jiiya in >xne;* n*n»o.T o'xn.l

[nao ]" 12 n xVx oVi ya m n>i n Y » k d» 3 3 Ya >y""» a 'ax

na "j'naia. >anw >"t o»aan nox ht >yi it xamT[»a] o»Van na ©an naon x»n mi>inn nax>a naa.

inT^unyn nan na nyn nan n»>an na ib/vs nwxa x»n.5[nanax] nwxa iwxnn oik Vbt mn>nn onix.T'ay.

Kami naxnam n»nnx iwas im*na n>nnaTins D»xan >a>i onxai .n»nnnai mna it

Tmxa iTn xamTn na^an nao mmn> xai•naaa ixjt'w nn>inn Vy o»xan ma.nnan.10

nxa 7>»xn nao Vcrnaitfxnn nannan x»n it D'pTl>yi mnVina pann> naitpxnn naerann x»m ynn

nnx n»yn> ap.m -myan nai> nsn o»pi'i 'axa .it

nawan m©y>n nao nmx -inx n»aan inawaana xnonV opt? 'a [i»x] it narcan 'n>a 'a ianpa ynn. 15

ntzrx ynn naniT i»e?aa T>'Kn nao m»na >axomx nmyai a*pai o»xna3a n^as xnm nanpamn>inn mnmynn> Kini.inava my* ne;x wxa

nmx na >'om nin >y xa new »aianpn wnan tmx naoa[kw] xxan Txaai o>iy mmn> o»xan >aai xaniT.20

nwxa 7>'xatff ynn moa x»nn nao >» mannaD»pi' xin "pewnm i>»xa aion nsa manna *i in

ma«? naoa xsan x> o>iy> 'a [nanax] n«?x »s>3

ik *pyna,a 'n>iT n»nnx maw nxa? *sa oi>a?na

nc?x onx mn>i (a). 6 .non [*a] (x).4 .non [nao] (x).2(V).13 .i3aa H3t' ni?x (xs;.10 .nax nrcxa (x)|ianax

.15 .me>y> naon nmx nnx in3«?a (a.). 14 ,n*yn> cpam(a). 18 .imx nmyai (a),(a,),(>),(x9).17 .non [t»x] (x)

.non [era] (x).20 .xa n»x pn ©nan (x).19 .inawa i»y»• nax ne?x »sa (x).23

T,xa :o»>nn .1

a,Ts :D»nos .3a,x jyonn .5

aa,n : 'x o»a*n 'nan .11an .13

x,n :n»naT .18

152

[3/0 It]nao nmx >yi Tiyna Kin nsomn mix© nsoina.1

—Tn-ia --l-sn 'yna-sp-M-aa Sia-V-t -lamiai .i.iax ....

nana ipipn i3*3m ixi© o*x>33n Va

-pia x>x Di>wna ari"xi ixi© nax3 xV K'nn

inxa my.o mi nam xnxi '3*2? laa noirn iiyia.5n'x-m i»3aa nyias nr nan noa oaanV iV n»nwn»n n'nw oy>3 731 xixi x>x nxnxi rna x>i

Vx a»n>K ip*i ,tok3 x*nn naon tan

1X33 iai Tiyia ina x>x xnp»i 'ax x>i d*>3x»nn naon -noV *ixn »oa iiyia ina D'pi'i.10oipaa t*kt3 *33 i»n t»k"^3 »a KJ'TID »273X1

iniKS ina -|wana 731 aTam npwno>iy3 o»o©9nai nxaion mnn m anion

maiVnn "ji»aia D"rx '3a> nptffi d»3T3 o»y»TiaX3»T13 'S73X 1X1p3 ' »'S>1 .1>'>3 D'XIT Ontf.15

aran no »s> na xip3Eraaipa oe? >y i.asna

OK? >y 133C13 X3»T13 »<Z73X D>iy> »3 1ptt>m

13 x-ipsn bipant»ay no mT G7X1 »1 .ipwm 3T3n *iid 's>

l>»xn nsoa ivaav 3ion wik».20nao nmxa >>a mpan iinttrov T»x '3 xinnnsn»n man -no >s> '3 s"y«i av -wx aion

1B7K *93 oya inx pi>n DK »3 l-TlfiBV ik?k

13»3i »3'3 [y»aa] »3'*" »n >ki©» nn»or D'ya ax

.6 ,-mxa iissn Ta nxs myo (s).5 .i3»»nw o»K»33n (>)«3mowsna (3). 13 .HD'TID (x).11 .nT 031 noa (a),(xs)

(3),(V),(xs).17-19 .n3*Ti3 (x).17 .na'Tia (x).15 .D>iy3

yws '3 (x;.24 .3T3i ipc >y ny-m. naon imxa on xa*ri3 »a>3X

ynsa (a)|mxajt •»» (>)|»a»a n»n ycs3 *3 *»? (a)|'3*3»3»3

153

[x/xo *n]no mmn> 13 iwpns i^x nT i>'x >y natm tnan.1

n n3e?an 11

D

,3 e-a^x-i- yin T'3i 31 on i '3 w.'s? 11 ?'Ma>iy> aion ixa iVw» en** na i?3"t3ff 'a »in imx3

7333n DS7n '09870 '3 D'OBW 1K?y ©XT HN1 1 n1n

-wx wxti inn 3ion in «?x'ri3i inns -i©a3»t

»a3.5

•wx TTOI .ixn imxa mai*ran tid on© 1x33 ax3

131 ID Xnpn> '1X1 D'3S >3 >y 1X33 13X3

x>an nxsn ixa »3 Q'a 13 [i'x] iwx nT ii3 '3 law

'3ij?yi D'ems >3x] 13 i'x o'a nT ii33 " con3ii&x »3iaipn cn3 '3 [13 w»

'

*n«r -|> 'nwy "tw »n3 on i>w mnian ^»d i3iax.10

xin '3 «|ipn nr xij?3 13 >xn imoi rcnsn no amnman x'n it '«|w '3 -rnx i'3yi inxi'a no

xin ht >yv 'ax i©x wnsn too manaa [n'y?3inj

omx 1*3 lax imxs mi'n3 "p© 1> nwy rit&aV ax n'

i3Ti '327 yin iiert»3 ems Vw tmaaix '>y3 D'xoinn.15

'ax3i ht »n33 nmx'nan i3's>i na/asi o'n>xs ayn

ia?X .xsia xin [13] yma 'n* xmw nas «inw iV "»»J>

'

o'ipnV »>.w»i xin 13 o'39 >3 >y UK1&7 l?yj

>"i iisa n»n» in'inxsi 'insn lax 1»X3 nVnna

oixn >y inx 13 inx> nmviw ym is' nso >y.20

dtb ysn axon nns>i 3X3 inVia Tiysa '3

Vi:inn>i iVxx xin laiTa xonn mix oix iVi3©n3D mxn i'x '3 nsaxi ittx iVxx m©yn>i lay

-inn '3a amonV crrpn ays »ci>it j?3in> it

nwyai i>y3 iwx *i>3 3xia> i>y3 i^x ihti.25

(x).9 .non [i'x] (x).8 .pmaw (a)|ia paw na (ks)..3

wm (a),(>).15 .»y»ann (x).13 ."ion fiai o»ot3 >3x]

,21 .nana 13 yma (>)|xsia xin yma (x)„17 .n»>a naiV,ini>ia (3)

73,13 :*3 o'a'n 'T3T .4T3,i :'x D'a*n 'i3i .5

DB7 .6

13, t> :n»wxi3..8n,X3 :n3ia3 .10

T3,i :'x o'a»n 'nsi .17-18X3,03 :'>wa .19t,t :n'»XT3 .21

T3,i :'x o'a'n 'T3T .25

154

[3/ko *|i]

D»aw3» sx> o'nsiyn omx> 3X ia> n'3ix.1._.„ „__ , 3KB._T> 'IX >M

T IIBKI 3X10 1> 'IK T3y3['D*avav 3«o ny inaxi 3Xia ny nVsx infi] b'WSfc

DniK> o»3ix ibwi [3xia>] i>y3 nw*t 7'3y3

nnx o*3va'3-i o'j?3i d3'ki d?bv3v 3xa on©

B3»3y maixn ikb? '3 it naix> x>x mn« naix.5dh© Vxnw 'n>iT ana ansoi

o»?3i3i bn'nnx o'3>m 13 >yi b'aw3» sxa

,imn '3a omx mon> on»nnx_D'3»a3i

pi3'n> xxan x> oViyV >"t max TX33 Drf? »DWT»1-

IfllK CI303 D>iy3 n31 01© T3a«7.10nmx [on> >i3X3 'd] on> >3K'w iy 13173 n^x xonn nsffan

nan y303 [is] 13 y3B3 13'x ynn nso ns^an713'rin Kxan tk on>n i>3X3i n3i©xn33 nx'

73> on? Taa n»n x>» na tso Kin©news Kim xamm nmx i3in3 y303 mi'n3.15[i>x] >3 '3 nyn> w» 03ax n>9X3 myn eraa'

TaT iy n>m oi'a dix3 mxxas mamanxmi o>iyn to nxp n»3n> on> >3ix xm©

nsinnxn naman x'n iti n'3n> inVnnvdo D7XB73 nx>m ixsa mmon imxa.20

>3i yasn i3aa no i3"3yi ins 'S3 [nx>m nrca] ninoixn >y ni3»a3i mmis in maman i>x

[ini'n iy] mix nswoa i>x >3 >y io>Km nnnx nnansri' hck '93 nx>m o«?ai naw a» 13

T'3i 1>'X iniK3 nwK 31C33 psinV T'3 niKn.25

.non [3Kia>] (K)lnon [*i3i n>3x inn] (x).3 .3xiaV Cx).1

»3] (x).11 ,pi3'n> aton xV (x).9 .D'a©3© 3Kia Dn© (x).4

13 '3 y303 ii'x (a),(V)|non [is] (x).12 .non [on> *13X3

ni'yn (3)|myn ocpai (>).16 .isms yscn (a). 15 .lain ysos

,(3s)lDniK3 D'3»a3 maman (xs).17 .i>3 >a '3 (x)|n>jpx3

(x).23 .non [nx>m oera] (x).21 .oix3 o'3»a3 (3),(a),(>;.non [ini'n iy]

33.1

03, X3 :n3ia3

155

[x/30 «|-|]

pmnV 7'3i T***n imx3 i©x aioa painV.I

Kin n©y maoni o»3"3yn i>x Va 13-173 -mx^yns'n"»jjl»nyn "o»'i"3nn~] >ax iiixtt -ratsn-^s-a n>ya>—-y-n*

noaw [n»p»nyn 'D»nain on

x>i DKia no> yii'u 'a 7*xi T»ai* : P»ny ioik7103 oixn oaana' >ax 7»ayn xm -pi at nr.5o»3"3yi o'tst a»»n> >ai» nxiisn naann

7»axn> vr* o»3e> >a >yi ana 0333> o'nan on©- v, >y npnVi nui'31 nsnaa 'n* nc?y >an© nax3

D'yo3 '3ii?i n o»Tn»n nnn ,'nax tsiki3©» insxVaa i>an oy nnai.10

nn>m >a nao 'a nyiV w» D*"Gn*n.nBn .0©na y»om mn >y emsn xaw ni»a D>i.ya onxn

»a 7»xi nnVmn >aa onsi'n nan xaniTm-r>in on© timiytin tk yinV 0397 »-r*a xxre?nmiynn> moo on »a osaxi K»nn nsos »n*iT-.15

»d >"T o'aan 'ak naai nn>inn >aa >awani'vrj-) 7a yin is* iyaai nox 13*1 ci'3i xiTy *a*3

nViasin >© nx'3 >x-w» pk >33 i©i?3i oViynnmiynn iniK ona iysa m'nsn >a 'a ixsa x>i

n"apn >ysc? na >3 nax t.3 ixi© 71*3 mxnn.20oViyn -pix »a iaipa> ia»©n> ia-imn insyaV

'ax i»>yi o>iya o»xn33n nn>in >sa xin7n [>kic nn'aT o»y3]

d»3s >a ^»y 'a 'ax '3nan» xonai 'n>>in TiiyannVinn >aa o»nm»n on xcanm TiiynD'yo3 'Dtzn'l .xxa3 ona oniTnynm.25

(>)|0333> nan on© (3o),(xfi).7 .ion [*iai o'ns-rn] (x).3

7Six Vy -hzm»i 7ipn3 n©y (3) ,(a) ,(>),(3s).8 ,o»man on©

,o»yo3 »a«n.»i ,n»y»3in n>x©n ,»nax tsix (xs).9 .'nax

»a ny-i' nasi (a). 16-17 .o'sn »"t»a (a)|oasn (V).14r^xna?' nn»ar o».ya] (x).22 ,iaipa >x (a). 21 .xiTy *a»a

.-ion

13, t :'x o'a»n »n3T .9-10ow P49fi1

3/00 :xai* *1!8

T,X3 :o»>nn .23aa f r. :'k o*a»n »i'at .25

156

[3/30 «n]aia»3.D'3iffT on oruoa nxisi oixn nansw ttd.1nxm dk'seidv »» t»kT asms o'yosi m»n3n oy

>07an inn 0303 -pmi 03^3 a'yo3 on no

l>ni i> xip " n>n"ci3 T»,wyf!.Tz?'K> T>n-sa»i- -' asa? —mxnn> nam i3»xi 13Tt> -|i>n> nxnw o*rx3.5

yoava <'~p inx> mis n> xnp "nosVi n*33i>nx nnri3 yi03 n»3n >ys u?»x xnp isms

no« rrrm .o'yoa »3b?t innyioa y-in nx'«? n'o >"t

HKSV >13» 13'X1 iV T3y K1H QTXn 13np3.10D3»X 1>2X 7TTX Xin »3 D'3S 01(?3 ICIIBnB

iVin o-rxn -pro ht [>ii3a] m»-na TiosV '3

T»3 'ixan wnan naina nman 7*3 i> smxiotx> nxT ox iV 3mx sin 13 o>iy> nnnn

7»»pi3i o'xxt [on] ts oibo mmn 'in y-ns.15-ni y-iisi *ax3 «m3 m»3 mix i*3«n3i i3»a

itiy'D >3i n? >n3a [mua] 73 >y '3 osaxi cms n3»»>yi 31 »x naps ioito ni'nsn in Dj?3n>

"pan Dy ,nni oe? Dn> 'man H3 3 73©» o» 13C?» in3X>a3.20

n303 in»ya »33m nin T»3yn "T1D nsrr ^

13 B7» nssian no sinw Tiixn no '3 it

nwx nixn noma ira o»39> it ms»>pinTi i»nis»>p n333ion i*>yi »a»3s msiy»iniz? o-nsV 103333/ y3TX ddix 7'3y 110.25

|.tt >iysa (x).12 ,msn> (a). 5 .otxn tVi3C7 its (3),(>).1mnin (>).13 .n? yios m'n3 (3)lnT >ioo ni'rrs (>)

T3 (>)|non [nnxo] (x).17 .Ton [on] (x).15 .amsn mots,3in3n n33 73 (xs).19 .>3i nT Vioa nus id (3)|nr >iaa

,miW (3), (33), (3-l). 21 .DC? 713K/' (>).20

x/ia ^13 13 03.

157

[x/ao «n]nu?KD n? i»3ya Ta»n> nnV in' x>i naxn ito>. y

\

o'sainn Dnms»>?n tid »a yai-nynnv i3Taxman oy' o*a«n*'. bni'..D3*.a.yi mioa nixn >y-j*naa yann' »a itioi tiis Vas ons o»pan

nnna nsiaan -no mi 'a D3ax p.»ikn" nx.5oniK?93a o'xonV mp>n> nyin T>an •?»

D7K '3a 1»K HT »C1>3 '3 K1H 13ipm 0>iyn "flW[aio Txa] an ca nam >"T o'aan 'axi »ixna 03ip> d'rt

xin »a man ix>a ni ikb '.Dfii-nn- ix>a nt

o»K»a3n >a i3i nun >y nam bVi.yn.Tnx.10nwa> n"apn i> nax o>iyn ra n»ayn> nanwxi n n>iyn iiu »a en » nan iV i»a»'ix i»»n

i*3aV m>a> nanu? i3»3X ap.yv inr '3 osaxi.Vy n>y» oxi isaa n3»3tz? np>no3i ypn nx

nnsn i»33> ynnV »pa i3»3X ipvw inyi.15m>3.3 [nyn miwai ns-r] x'sinVi ni3innxn

i> *7i on> xa x> ii«7xnn T'Tyi innxnn»nw m>an imxa nsiwxnn msn nn> y»Tin>i>ao nx nx»>i onsa >© VisoV >x-wV tanVon> ni>a> nxn x> xim on> xs xV 7"7yi.20

oikoV is© >a x»nn nnn di»3>in>»>n fnnxn ntn m>am ynn -pix tni»33

T3in onV y»*n»w:a nnyw mxV n'T '3 Ta iVD'aan naxor na '3 oiVan on >ax mn

x> ypn nx anV m>a> wpa >"t.25

(3). ? .Ti7x V33 ia o'pan (3)|on3 o>pi3-n (a).

4

(3i).13 .ion |aio ixa] (x).8 ,i3ipm n>ryn -pnxi,mV»aa nin miwa nai x'annVi (x).16 ,3pif> i»3y

x/ns lis i"y .2x/t :*x iniT ; cj :n3T n*ffK°ia .8

n ,»n»i :xainsn ; na: :n3i n'ffxns .13aop,as :qw ; T3p,xs :n'^XT3 max

av .25

158

[a/ao «n]»3x i»c?3yi nai'Vy naan no' >y x>x nax.1

7iD '3 "i> y-rn nax 3ci33 oivrin nx i> n^aa[naaian] ntsya no Kim nas ictx naxn

-ic?x man »a o3axi naxn no xm© nctrnpn

03 bk riizan *n>it' tuk I**w naxn no Kin onoaB.5oin'nna ia oa ixnpa mo*>pn ociix mo? paina

man ia, mo*>pn nonsi man ra3 ms'>pn i>»sx naxX>1 TiaX OB? 1138

l>bn o»: inn-Tiax;:K>V<ni9*>p xVx ixips

mix '3 oa ax m*o >>3 o<zria©n inaKVaa

is las msVpm yp xipsn Kin 'ax ncyx man. 10

nisVpm T'a'n yp xipsn xm man yp owa ixnps

Tioa on> [ixip] inn YP ix-ips mas opsins

*i©a >3 yp o»a»n yp T»x*n yp xn ca'n yp nnnnim'pn Tx »3 ipm xm n»>3n >3>i itfn> o© yp

nywa V't o»a3n 'ax inn Tiaaen n»>3n »n>iT..15

man ins> lax ypV i> nnxi yxm* nM 3pn ax©

i> 'ax pa'n yp> ix o'a»n yp> yp nT »xV o>iy >©

nia no Vy lira 1X33 i'a»n ypV i>ma?nyn T33i i*mno3 xan o>iyn no fay naxn

nonim nawana i©a3 innna t'P nn>* hao.20aip> xa»3 T'P 13Q0 k2 '"

1 miia' ..wri-Sn. >»on©3»ipn »3 tp xan a»a» ypa »nn *»n3 na naip

DB7a xs' 1B7K xamm nnix naoa i3 3Tp

»a 03BX1 ny© x> mnia ^xi T'P *»« '».b>i

imxi3 ypn nx Dn> m>a> ©pa i3»ax apy.25

inn (x).12 .naann n©ya (x).3 .'33n i^ayi (a),(>).1

,TP nao (as)),Cxo)|T*P yp nnV nao (x).20 .onV oxip

nnsa naix *noa tp xan (a). 22 .a'ipn> xa©3 (a).21.nsaa xx* iffx (ai).23 .a'npn '3 »»>

a3,i :'x o'a»n 'iat .8-9a»,i :n»©xia .13

as :nan n»»xiaa* ,a' :>xm .16

t,t>p :o»Vnn ©no .17a»,a* :>xm .18

xa rnTy'Vx 'an »pis .20-21

a/aa :mT nnay ; 3/ap :maa» ; x/iap :na©o' :nan n'wxia

a/i3 :av ; x/x> :'x inna,T ;n»©xia .22n,i :n'©xn3 .24

159

[x/lO "|T]

o© inaxVaa i>an oy D'3©y i©x tush ms>p.t'm>a>i [m'B»>pn] na©> ©pa isipa d'tt di?xi 'axi

»issi oanpa noan' x>i o'ssaa n©x man7am isaa n3'3© npVno3 o>iyn mis on »a

d3ok ina!.:'»».. '39> o'3©i'V naxn ..-pi >y »a.5»di laha oixn nx cn>x xna»T mon ht »a

D'naxn xm© ixaa maxn oixn iny*r >». nV»nx>x n>'Vn n>»>n o'nVx a>2t on©i oxym n©3m

nax3 o»39aa n©x na©3n mis Vy '3 i> yin©aa navan .*n>iT mx o©a xnp3© 'a t*x 'a. 10

na©an [xm©] mart -pro yinaa n©x ms^pn patnaiyinaa to ms^pn Va dtk nxipsn

oik d©3 o»xnp3 o>3 D'Tim Dx»m [mym] n©an on©©ia> x>x Drt'>y *3© mina xsan xV *'9> '3 ojok

OKI '33311270 D'Til HI a3ty31 ~> ?3©'3>EJ H©31 "liy *3©.15Tiaxn nam mos >3ni n-txn xm 'a T"* ©13> in?1©X *131 "l©3n Xlrt© ©13>n hi >y *ax3 IrtT '3 D33X>y 'axa oix [nxnpan] na©3n mo ona Tisna yima

t3*3S3a n©x mxa ©raVi n©a *i>a io" x>i mx n©3•nana '3 D3ax nT itt mo xxaa o'xiasn >aa 131.20

7 a o'3E>3a n©x na©3n mo man xin© mxnxnps xm dtx o© msVpn nsx mx cnsVpn

ni'n3 13 iax n©x i»3yn >yi cnx n©3 'n>iT13©' n©x *axi mms x>3 man oy o'p3T msVpn-pixV >3n '3 mms o© »>3 insxVaa iVan oy o©.25

,(3n).3 .mVa>i *>pn -»3©> (x).2 .iVan an o'3©t (3).1.maxyni (3s),(x9),(3i).8 .03np3 nbsa x>© (>),(3a)

na©3n (x).18 .ion [nwi] (x).13 ."ion [xm©] (x).11(3),(>),(xs),(3n).23 .xxan (3),(>),(3s),(3-i).20 .xnpsn

.13 13n3X

160

[x/-ro "i-r]

-iwx insKVaa nai> nxn max^as [73ml nsm*i1»>a *a D'Kiaan ppya oVnya] nrciy n» xnn

nax>an nmxa dv -oVi'ya xia3 1'x it nawan

in "T103 nOK 1E7K3 DH3 [flttl If '*n» X1H "IWX

»ax »3nan» xorm »n»in pi"inn 13 iiik> dtxV o'n'aa nia>on »"rtw t>ki

I»ki xon xVs nn*a rs >"t onax.5

jiy maon »nw imx inviiy-K>3 ttio'[>tti] tiom »it i'3y >y omav 13 xom

'»» »39> o»a«n»>i i>k D'Tana i> »*n i»aaV»ixin »S3 *ien»n yna na>> I3n3

,T3m.10

.non [*i3n oViys] (x).2 ,in3X>a3 nam nxm> (x).1

on .ism (>)| .ptn .iam (kb).10 .mi -nom (x).7• 0>V3V

3.3,7 :'x o»a»n »nai .1

T,K3 :n»>nn .3x/ns :na© .5

n»,a3 :n»yw» .9

161

[K/no «n]

> :y ^y DD-nV rfrnn

*now3 >aa na, aa> >aa *a miK (0)»nVi»s mwy> »3X»ki "»» PTn -iwx

»h&>«ra hkt nn*n ?M an oawa a

»nmK >y »m»n »s* >a >"y» Vk'3-t »sk»mKna:noKon nn >j?ffan nso aina>»nsnw» >kV n>ni n>nm n*nm naw

k,o» :n'W (k)

PAST

III

The "Book of the Balance"

A Summary

of the

Content

163

The Book of the Balance

Introduction . (k/x,1 - a/a, 25)

The introduction contains the data about the author,

the name and division of the book, its date and place of

composition and the name of the person to whom this

writing is directed or addressed. Moses de Leon ex-

plains also the intention of the Book of the Balance ,

or, as he rather prefers to call it, the Book of the

Wise Soul .

The book is meant to be an introduction to the

Kabbalah. The key to the understanding of the world of

the Sefiroth . is the understanding of one's own soul.

"I had to write first about the secrets of the soul,

because a man who wants to enter the interior of the

2)palace of the King, should first know his own soul."

Man's soul is a model for understanding the higher realm

of the Sefiroth . because the soul is patterned after

them, as the Sefiroth are patterned after the Creator.

The propaedeutics to kabbalistic metaphysics is thus

the kabbalistic psychology. In this psychology, theory

and praxis are narrowly related. "A man who knows the

highness of the soul and its essence will henceforth

understand and penetrate with his innermost thoughts the

secrets of the nature of the Kingdom; he will discipline

himself in order to purify and prepare his soul carefully

164

for judgment; he will support it with truth, justice

3)and righteousness."

In the introduction is also given a short synopsis

of the different subjects that will be dealt with in

connection with the soul. The degrees and origin of the

soul; its essence and qualities; its descent from the

higher world, where it pre-existed, into an impure and

perishable body; its separation from it in the mystery

of death; the hereafter, Paradise and Gehenna, and the

secrets of "the world to come"; the mystery of the

resurrection of the dead, a resurrection of the identical

bodies, to be united with their previous soul, and the

sense of this reunion of the soul with a material and

vile body, which could, in the opinion of the author, be

construed as an objection against God's wisdom, as a

5)mockery of God and derision of His creatures.'

The book is written "according to the wisdom that

6)was given to Moses on Sinai". This is the wisdom that

wise men have always searched after and pondered, a wis-

dom that is "precluding and precluded, except for the

ancient wise men which had attained the highest degree,

and were the receivers of the (kabbalistic) tradition of

the Torah from Mount Sinai."" Moses de Leon warns the

reader not to confound the true wisdom with the "con-

jectural knowledge of the philosophers." In other words,

he presents his book as authentic kabbalistic doctrine.

165

This transcendental, superior wisdom, often referred to

as "the wisdom", speaks only in mysteries and secretso\

"measured with the mystery of wisdom's balance." The

pun on the -title of the book, the Book of the Balance,

here is evident.

The great central secret that Moses de Leon indicates

in this introduction, and which can be seen as a key to

the understanding of the whole book, is "that all being

is derived from the reality of the Tetragrammaton of the

Creator" and from the "pattern of the Four Living Beings"

and that everything is contained in the hidden meaning of

the Torah. This gives us the clue that also the mystery

of the human soul is to be derived from the secret of the

Divine Ham e YHWH, and from the "Four Living Beings", in

other words, from the world of the Sefiroth . The deeper

sense of the Scriptures will show this intimate relation-

ship between the understanding of the soul and that of

the Sefiroth .

The book will consist of five parts, as the author

announces in the introduction, which in fact will be six

parts, or better, five parts and an appendix.

Part One . (3/?,25 - 5/?}19)

The content of the first part deals with the essence

and origin of the soul, and its relationship to the body.

The discussion starts by taking issue with the philoso-

phers. The philosophic terminology seems to come "close

166

to the truth", when it is said that the rational soul

emanates from the radiating light of the Active Intellect.

Also the tripartite division of the soul according to the

three Hebrew expressions for soul:, nefesh . ruah and

neshamah, seem to correspond to similar theories of the

Kabbalah. As to the tripartite division of the soul in

the philosophic way: the vegetative soul, the sensitive

soul, and the rational soul; this distinction is far from

the "real truth", the kabbalistic interpretation.

The kabbalistic doctrine of the soul is derived from

the "true reality of the Creator". In the mystery of the

Divine Name one can. find the origin of man's existence

and essence. Man combines in himself the three worlds,

three layers of existence, beri'ah . yetsirah and fasiyah :

creation, formation, and making. The three worlds form

one undivided, unity. Man is singled out to represent

these three layers of existence under the moon sphere,

which is the borderline between the spiritual and material

world. Therefore man is "destined to worship his Maker

and to know his Creator and His glory, as it is said:

everyone that is called by my name, for my glory I

created him, I formed him, even I made him (Is. 43,7)"

This- verse reveals the mystery of man. He is called. by

"the name of the Creator", and he is part of the world

of creation, formation, and making. Corresponding to

this is the prayer in Shaharit : "forming the light,

167

creating the darkness, making peace." The prayer contains

at the same time the clue to the meaning of these three

worlds. Light, Darkness, and Peace are the fourth, fifth

and sixth sefirah, together forming one unit, namely Mercy

and Power blended together into Peace. They are the three

that come "as one voice" out of the supernal "chambers of

their instruction", an allusion to the three highest

Sefiroth . In between the upper hidden realm of the first

three Sefiroth and the lower ones, symbolized in the

Throne, the three worlds occupy a pivotal position. They

11)are the Sefiroth "that uphold the Throne."

In a similar way the human soul is also a replica

of this supernal archetype in its tripartite division:

nefesh, ruah, and neshamah . Preceding a more explicit

exegesis of each of the three divisions of the soul, a

compact description follows of the sefirotic world. YHTrtH

is the Holy Name out of which everything is derived under

the image of the "River flowing forth from Eden in order

to water the Garden (Gen. 2,10)," an allusion to the six

middle Sefiroth conveying the hidden life from the Blnah

(Eden) to the Malkuth (Garden). The River is also the

"Brilliant Mirror", and the "Ever Green Cypress", or the

"Tree of Life" in which all blessing is contained, whence

everything comes forth, the whole existence in all its

ramifications, ever since "the days of creation". This

gigantic tree has a dimension that reaches the mystical

168

number of "a 500 years journey", a ten-fold fifty, which

stands for the third sefirah, Binah, where the Tree of

Life is rooted. The trunk, or the heart of this tree is

Israel, the central or fifth sefirah . Changing from the

imagery of the tree to the very kabbalistic imagery of the

human body, Israel is also called "the Spine" of the

sefirotic body, which keeps the body upright and sustains

it. All these mysteries are included in the mystical

meaning of the lulab . The world lu-lab has "in it (lu)"

a "heart ( let) )", which has as its numerical/equivalent the

number thirty-two. Here one discovers the thirty-two

"hidden paths of wisdom", i.e. the ten Sefiroth and twenty

letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Each path has a guardian

who watches over this secret access to the Tree of Life.

The Tree of Life is referred to in the verse: "I am

the ever green cypress. From me thy fruit is found (Hos.

14,9)." The crop of the mystical tree are the souls. They

are all the "fruit of the Holy-Blessed-Be-He, who places

them in Eden. From there they receive their fitting

place in accordance with their corresponding degree in

12)the Supernal Building." This already suggests that

the difference between the pre-existing souls, corre-

sponding to the different Sefiroth .

The mystery of the threefold soul is taken up again..

Nefesh is the soul whose function it is to uphold the

body, to keep it alive, and to guide it in all its

169

functions. According to Gen. 9, 4-5, the nefesh is

connected with the blood of man. It is located in the

blood. Ruah is the force that upholds the nefesh . It is

the "breath of life". When the ruah withdraws, the nefesh

also disappears. This is the secret of death. Heshamah

is the true "understanding that is drawn from the Fountain

of Life, from the Source of Insight, and wisdom makes its

honorable habitation in the body in order to establish all

13)in the service of the Creator, blessed be He."

Man, as a microcosm, is superior to all other

creatures. He is created in the image of God (Gen. 9,6).

The expression "created in the image of God - ELoHYm" is

significant. This particular divine name suggests a

composition of two elements: EL and YaH . Like man who

is composed of matter and form, body and soul, the divine

name has an operating and a receiving element YaH is the

active element, EL the receiving. YaH refers also to the

three highest Sefiroth : Keter . Hokhman. and Blnah re-

presented by the first two letters of the name YH¥H,

whereas WH represents the six central Sefiroth (¥) and the

Malkuth (H) , which receive everything from the three upper

Sefiroth (YH) . In the image of the sefirotic man they are

the "head of the body", in which all the wisdom is con-

tained. So also in man, wisdom is seated in the head.

But as creature he "bows his head in reverence" before

God's wisdom and knowledge, i.e. before the head of the

170

SefjLroth, the root and origin of all being. The second

sefirah, Wisdom, is symbolized as the "Supernal Point",

the beginning from which all draws forth. The third

sefirah is called "Holy of Holies'.', "Interior Palace", in

which all strength is gathered and ready to be brought to

daylight by the Creator.

The body of man lives and moves by the power of his

form, the soul in the image of the divine name ELoHYm,

. 14)where YH is "the boatsman of the vessel" of its

guiding force. When the soul -leaves the body, it is like

YH leaving ELoHYM. What:. we find then is ELeM, silence

and dumbness.

After this exposition of what man is, the question

is asked: who is man? The body or the soul? The body

"coming from a putrid drop, flesh full of worms and

15)grubs", can hardly be called God's image. But Job

says: "Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and hast

fenced me with bones and sinews (Job 10,11)." This shows

that the body is only "man's garment" and that only the

inner part carries the name "man", and is God's image.

Though the River and the Tree are the supernal

origin of the souls who pre-exist in a very fine form

like "spiritual contours", they only come to dwell in the

body through the union of male and female. Man's at-

traction to woman is indicated as the cause of the

earthly existence of the souls, who wait in turn to come

171

into this world and be lodged in the body.

The relationship, of body and soul might seem a very

negative one after the previous description of the body.

Moses de Leon emphasizes that body and soul stand in a

relationship of mutual need." As the soul is the life for

the body, so the soul needs the body as an artist needs

his tools. The body is instrumental for the soul "to

show deeds", but the body cannot act without the soul, as

17)the tools are useless without the artist. The body of

man has all the elements of the material world. As the

soul represents the upper realm and is an image of God,

so the body represents the world and is an image of the

cosmos. In the combination of both, man is the dualistic

being katexagen. "Everything is drawn after its kind.

The soul wants to ascend to its Creator. The body strivesI G\

downward after the nature of all corporeal things."

However, this indicates at the same time the great

mission of the soul "to represent the divine reality" in

the nether world, so that upper and lower world will be in

perfect harmony. Without the soul the nether world would

be chaotic. On the other hand, without its earthly

existence the soul would be imperfect. Only in union with

the body can the soul attain perfection. It returns to

its Creator after death "perfected by the world above and

the world below. Only then is it complete, for it was

wanting before it descended into this world. In this way

172

19)the soul will find its perfection from all sides."

This is the greatness of body-soul relationship.

Part Two . (a/T,19 - a/"io,16)

This part deals with the fate of the soul after

death. As in the first part, Moses de Leon starts by re-

futing the philosophers. The argument with the philoso-

phers goes beyond their opposition to the Oral Tradition

concerning the fate of the soul after death. "As high

as the heavens are from the earth, are my ways from your

ways, and my thoughts from your thoughts (Is. 55,9). How

can our knowledge and our thinking conceive something

that transcends, it, namely the thinking of the Creator,

blessed be He. His knowledge is perfect compared to ours

and compared to the thinking of man. Does not the Torah

contain God's thinking and the perfection of His know-

20)ledge?" Revelation and rational thinking are two

different things. . God accompanied the giving of the Torah

with thunder and lightning in order to inculcate in man

the heavenly origin of this truth. Moses needed to re-

ceive the Kabbalah on Sinai to be able to understand this

transcendental wisdom. Aristotle with all his intelli-

gence could not arrive at the faintest notion of this

true wisdom. Moses de Leon accuses here also the "philoso-

phers from among the sons of our Torah" who made Aristotle

their authority, and who claimed to have arrived at the

same truth "without lightning and thunder, for Aristotle

173

told them the same things quietly and softly." These

philosophers interpret To rah and Oral Tradition according

to the "guess work of philosophy", hut in the eyes of the

people they "behave as if they were true believers. They

fear to be stigmatized' as men "lacking in faith and religion,

They do not know that even those sayings of the wise of

blessed memory and the stories of the Torah that seem of

no relevance contain revealed wisdom. Only the truly wise

men know how to find this hidden wisdom that escapes the

"natural philosophers" and the "followers of the guesser

?1 )

(Aristotle)." After this long argument with the

philosophic tendencies in Judaism of his time, the author

22)"returns to his subject."

Ten questions come up to be answered: to whom be-

longs the soul after death"?; where does the soul go?;

what is the nature of the soul after death?; does it know

the former body?J does it remember the former life?; is

the soul happy to leave this world?; is there a judgment

for the soul?j will there be a punishment?; how can the

soul be judged?; what kind of punishment is there for the

soul?

These questions are not answered in systematic order.

First another exposition on the secrets of the Tree of Life

"from which the souls blossom" is given. The Tree of Life

extends in the four directions of the world. It measures

nine "alkesons" ' to the east, nine to the north, nine

174

to the south and nine to the west. The heart of the tree

consists of the holy ones of Israel, the fruit of the

Holy-Blessed-Be-He.. This is the fruit of which is written

"bringing fruit after its kind (Gen. 1,11)." Only the

souls of the righteous come from the Tree and are its fruit.

Not all souls are of the same origin, as there is a differ-

ence between nefesh .. ruah, and ne shamah . The neshamah

alone comes from. the tree. The Gentiles and the wicked

have no neshamah but only a nefesh . The holy souls have

their origin in the source of holiness and truth, the

Binah , whence the River draws its life. and energy. The

source of evil draws from the side of the Evil Urge,

which is the place of Impurity and Pollution, and its

24)origin is called Slohlm Aherim . Strange Gods. It is

from this side, the Sitra Ahrah , that the souls of the

Gentiles, unbelievers, and those who defile themselves

emanate. Their breath of life (ruah), is from the place

of Impurity. Therefore a Gentile defiles as long as his

ruah is in him, i.e. while he is alive. After his death

25)he cannot defile, because the impure ruah has left him.

After this digression about the origin of the Gentile

soul, Moses de Leon returns to his subject and deals now

with the question whether the soul knows its previous

state on earth and remembers its body. Basing himself

on sayings of the rabbis, largely aggadic material, the

author explains that the body after death is not a lifeless

175

object. The dead are aware of what happens around them.

They should be treated with reverence, and they can be

asked to intercede. Not only does the soul mourn for the

body and remember its body, also the body keeps longing

for- its soul. The "natural philosophers" had brushed

aside these popular beliefs and stated that the soul, being

a simple substance, cannot mourn or feel sorry over the

body. The objection of the philosophers is not refuted,

but Moses de Leon refers here to his Sefer ha-Rimon . where

he dealt with this question. He scoffs at the opinion of

the philosophers concerning the soul in the hereafter and

emphasizes the necessity to believe in the Oral Tradition

as a sure guide to truth instead of relying upon Aristotle.

How can the soul be judged? The soul has its origin

in "the. reality of the Creator" and being the image of

God it shares in the Divine Reality. How can God stand

in judgment over Himself? The soul, being pure, neverthe-

less gets soiled during its contact with the material

world. All stains that* the earthly existence have left

upon the soul have to be removed. The soul is processed

through fire to be cleansed from its impurity. The

purifying force of fire is demonstrated by the legendary

salamander who is fabled to live in fire. A cloth woven

from the wool of the salamander ( sic l) can only be washed

in fire.

To whom does the soul belong after it leaves the

176

body? What is its nature? If the soul is pure or purified

and if it is "adorned with good deeds" its place will be

Eden, where the soul will feast and enjoy the "light of.

life." This light of life leads to a new digression. The

light is most pure and resplendent close to its origin.

It diminishes in "lightness" the farther it is removed from

its source. This symbolizes the different levels of

existence, one and the same substance repeated in different

degrees of intensity. This is the secret of the single

and unique pattern that pervades everything, according

to which the nether world is a copy of the supernal world.

This is the secret of the two Jerusalems, the celestial

Jerusalem and the terrestrial, the heavenly Eden and the

earthly Eden, the supernal River and its replica, the river

of Eden here on earth. Of all that exists in the upper

world there can be found a visible model here on earth.

The. Garden of Eden is a reality here on earth. Again

Moses de Leon delves into aggadic sources and tells how

the entrance to the terrestrial paradise is to be found

close to the cave of Macpelah where the body of Adam

rests. After death, a soul that is worthy will be united

with Adam in the cave of Macpelah and from there enter

paradise on earth. It will enjoy the splendor of this

paradise as a gradual preparation for the brilliant light

•of the heavenly paradise. The soul is shown the models

of the "awe inspiring essences" of the supernal world.

177

It is given the "rabbinical garment"27

' and its stage in

the paradise on earth is a process of acclimatization for

the heavenly Eden.

The ascent of the soul after death seems to be rather

a descent into the earth (through the cave of Macpelah)

.

This could be objected to the traditional concept that

the soul "ascends" after death. Moses de Leon explains

that this objection is not valid. Ascent is only delayed,

and there is a small category of the righteous who ascend

immediately. They are the "sons of ascent that are few"

of which the Talmud speaks. ' Even Moses needed to get

accustomed gradually to the splendor of the Brilliant

Mirror.

A difference in the fate of the soul after death

depends also on the place where it leaves the body. If

the place of death is Israel, no "foreign ruler" nor evil,

spirit can interfere with the immediate ascent of the soul,

because the land of Israel is the place where only the

Lord rules. If death takes places outside the land of

Israel, the soul, being in the domain of foreign powers

(the realm of "Aher", "the other one") is hindered in its

ascent. It will have to pass " gilgulim " (reincarnations)

until it escapes the authority of "the other." Thus it is

of no avail to have one's body buried in Israel, for the

soul left the body outside the land.

The Garden of Eden is also the "bundle of life" where

178

the souls cf the righteous are united with the Creator*

They en^oy the splendor of paradise and are nourished by

its light. This is the light and splendor that radiates

from the. River Which flows forth from. Eden, conveying the

spiritual radiance of the mystery of the World to Come,

the Holy of Holies, namely the Binah, the third sefirah.

The verse: "Who will ascend the mountain of the Lord and

who will stand in the place of His holiness (Ps. 24,3)

is explained as in the Midrash of the Psalms (Ps. 11), as

referring to. the celestial and the terrestrial paradise.

To ascend the Mountain of the Lord is to ascend to the

heavenly paradise. This mountain is called "Lebanon",

"Mountain of Myrrh", "Lamp of the Lord", and is an allusion

to the fifth sefirah . It is the mountain that contains

the blessing for all the other "high mountains", according

to the central position of the fifth sefirah . Beauty,

within the six central Sefiroth . The "standing in the

place of holiness" refers to the paradise on earth, which

is the most exquisite place of this world, located direct-

ly under the celestial paradise, whence it receives the

blessings "as from the high mountains." In this lower

paradise there are many compartments, or palaces: the.

palace of the Patriarchs which is the highest of all, a

palace for the pious of Israel, a palace for those who

were martyred for the sanctifi cation of the Name, a

palace for the proselytes headed by Onkelos the proselyte,

179

one for the ten martyred of the kingdom, and one for all

those who suffered in this world. These palaces are not

the compartments of the heavenly paradise, for they were

seen and visited by rabbi Jehoshua ben Levi, who could not

have entered the heavenly paradise while still being in

the body.

Besides these palaces which are all built from

precious stones, a whole inventory is given of the things

contained in the earthly paradise. They correspond to the

folkloristic descriptions from aggadic sources: the trees,

the balsams, the scent of the perfumes, the tree of life

and the tree of knowledge of good and evil, the spiritual

essences, the awe-inspiring designs* the secrets of the

mysteries of the hidden supernal world, the secrets of

heavenly paradise.

The reality o-f the place here on earth is important

29)for Moses de Leon. As in his Shekel ha-Kodesh . he

relates the story of the ancient wise men of Greece, who

knew about its existence. They took council and set out

to find the place in order to take from the tree of life

in the garden to gain eternal life and to give from the

tree also to others. They followed the Euphrates upward

until they were at a half mile's distance from the garden

of Eden. The flame of the zig-zag sword consumed them

and burned them. With them all the true wisdom of the

ancient wise men of Greece was lost. Moses de Leon is

180

convinced that the ancient Greeks knew the wisdom of the

Kabbalah as the "wise men of our Torah" who studied and

knew the true wisdom. "But then came other learned men

and Aristotle with his friends who sought wisdom in guess

work. They have neither part nor lot in the wisdom of.

30)'

'••

the Torah."

Paradise contains the secrets of this world and the

mysteries of the supernal world. Both are united in one

and the same mystery, the world above and the world below

are called with one name: "world of souls."

Part Three . (a/io,16 - 3/3,5)

The Gehenna is the subject of this chapter in the

treatise. As paradise had an upper and a lower Eden, so

the supernal and terrestrial hell are a perfect parallel.

The Gehenna on earth is located in the Valley of Hinnom,

ge - Hinnom . hence the name: Gehenna. Its nature is the

everburning fire. This hell fire is an emanation from the

primordial fire (the element fire) that has its origin in

the sefirah Din , which in its turn is emanated from "the

light of the Creator." It corresponds to the left side

of the Sefiroth . The primordial fire is called Pear of

Isaack, according to the verse: "from the fear at night

31

)

(Oant. 3,8)" which was explained^ ' as the fear for the

Gehenna, because, says Moses de Leon, the Gehenna emanates

from the sefirah Pear. The Gehenna on earth is an ema-

nation from the supernal Gehenna, derived from the element

181

fire, which is a "very thin and spiritual fire but stronger

than any other kind of fire." One of its qualities is that

it can burn the souls who are also of a very fine and

spiritual substance. This etherial hell-fire coming from

a higher degree in the Sefiroth is thus more immaterial

than the souls, which come from the heart of the Tree.

The fire comes from the sefirah Sin , the "Day of the lord

that is coming, burning like an oven (Mai. 3,19)." The

"fiery substance" of the Lord, represented in the Sefiroth .

finds its allusion in the verse: "for the Lord thy God is

a consuming fire (Deut. 4,24)."

32)The hell-fire according to the Midrash was

created on the second day of creation. The angels created

on the same day are of more "extreme nature" than the

angels who were created on the other days. They are

called "the spirits" according to the verse: '''Who makes

his angels spirits: his ministers flaming fire (Ps. 104,

4)." These spirits return every day to their place of

origin and melt away in the fire but are returned anew,

as it is said: "They are new every morning: great is

thy faithfulness (Lam. 3,23)." A fire that can comsume

angels, can also burn the souls of men.

Like Paradise, the Gehenna has many compartments.

Each compartment is reserved for a particular class of

sinners. After this brief statement, Moses de Leon re-

turns to a lengthy exposition about . the nature of the

18:2.

different kinds of fire. The fire of the altar of sacri-

fices was lighted from heaven and hence of celestial nature,

It did not need to be extinguished or relighted. The smoke

of the altar-fire took the shape of a lion or a dog, show-

33)ing thus whether the sacrifice was acceptible or not.

Another celestial fire was the fire that accompanied the

Lawgiving on Sinai. It caused fear and terror in all

those who witnessed it (cf. Leut. 18,16). This fire is

34)the fire that gives life to the souls of the righteous,

who cleave to it as the source of life, as it is said:

"But ye that did cleave unto the Lord your God are alive

every one of you this day (Deut. 4,4)." One more kind, of

peculiar fire is a fire that did not burn or consume, i.e.

the fire of the burning bush. (cf. Ex. 3,2). The tables

of the covenant were written in letters of white fire on

black fire. There is red fire, black fire, white, and

green fire, and all these types of fire have their own

qualities. This excursion into the medieval "pyrology"

should demonstrate the particular quality of the infernal.

fire.

Every soul has to pass through the fire of the Ge-

henna, except the souls of the righteous, who return

immediately after death "to their tent of origin" and are

nourished by the light of the Brilliant Mirror. For the

souls of the wicked is reserved another fate. First Moses

de Leon refutes the concept that the souls of the sinners

183

after death are taken up by the wheel of the sun, driven

around the world, above and below, continually pushed and

.driven around by the burning sun, until their punishment'

is completed. This idea was based on the verse: "and

the souls of thine enemies shall he sling out, as out of

the middle of a sling (I Sam. 25,29)." This idea is

absolutely wrong in kabbalistic doctrine and distant from

the truth "as the East from the West!" The souls of the

sinners will be punished in the Gehenna, and there they

will be "flung from one torture to another, and driven

35)from place to place inside the Gehenna."

After purification in the terrestrial hell, the

soul is admitted to the earthly Eden and is there pre-

pared for the life in the supernal world, as is already

explained in part two. Though the soul is thoroughly

cleansed by the terrestrial hell-fire, it needs still a

purification by the supernal Gehenna before entering

heavenly Eden. This last cleansing is like a ritual_

immersion, so that the soul might be completely clean

before it appears in front of the Lord. In this way the

parallel between the two Gehennas and the two Edens is

perfect.

Hell has a double function. It cleanses the soul,

and it punishes the sinners. Punishment is therefore

nothing else but a medicine, as it is said: "whom He

will wound, He will heal also (cf. Deut. 32,29)."

184

Another wrong interpretation of hell is that the souls

will be cleansed in the "fiery river", the river Mnur

(cf. San. 7,10) . The river Dinur is nothing else but the

"perspiration of the Living Beings" and differs thus from

the Gehenna, which emanates from . the primordial fire in the

sefirah Din . The Gehenna on earth is compared to the

supernal Gehenna as the dregs to the good wine that is on

top of them. The wine is only "good" because it rests on

top of the lees.

Three categories appear on the day of judgment: the

righteous, the wicked, and the neutrals. They are written

in the three books that will be opened on the day of judg-

ment. The righteous are written in the book of life, the

wicked are consigned to death. Life and death are not to

be confounded with earthly life and earthly death, but

with life of the soul, or its defiency. Want of life is

experienced in Gehenna, because the soul lacks the con-

tinual emanation of the blessings and of light from the

higher degrees that descend through the River to the

"Bundle of Life." The neutrals have an 'equal balance of

virtues and sins and cannot be assigned to either life or

death. To them is given the mystery of the "days of

Repentance."

The mystery of the ten days of repentance between

Rosh haShanah and Yom Klppur of which the rabbis of

36)blessed memory speak ' are a mystical allusion to the

ten Sefirpth. When one counts the days, they are actually

185

seven. Moses de Leon gives now the kabbalistic significance

of the numbers in order to show how the mystery of

Repentance is related to the Sefiroth . The number seven

refers to the six middle Sefiroth plus the sefirah they

come from, the Binah, which is called "issue of life" or

"world to come." They are likened to the little chicks

with the mother hen and they are the seven years alluded

to in the verse: "and he built (the temple) in seven

years (I Kings 6,38)." Hot counting the Binah itself,

which is symbolized in the New Year as well as in the Day

of' Atonement, one finds the mystical number of six: the

Six Sides in the sefirotic system, Mercy, Power, Beauty,

Victory, Glory and Foundation. Leaving the last one out

(the sefirah which concentrates all the essences of the

right and the left before conveying it to the Kingdom,

the tenth sefirah ) we are left with five Sefiroth. Five

Sefiroth, each of them considered as containing in

essence the neighboring sefirah . lead us back to the

mystery of ten, which is concentrated in the five e Thus

the neutral has a chance to "enter life" through the ten

days of respite given him between New Year and the Day of

Atonement. Through the mystery of the days of Repentance

he can sanctify his soul and prepare it for the supernal

world of the Sefiroth .

The last mystery to be explained in this section is

the question how a holy soul can become wicked. A man

186

who sins draws no longer from the "source of Righteous-

ness", but instead attaches himself to the "Source of

Defilement." As soon as man is attached to this supernal

source the "holy ruah" . his soul, leaves him. According

37)to the saying of the Talmud "a man who defiles himself

below, will also be defiled from above."

Part Four, (a/a, 5 - K/na,4)

The mystery of the "¥orld to Come", 'the subject of

this section, is introduced by the talmudic saying: "all

38)Israel has a share in the world to come" which is

deduced from the verse: "Thy people also shall be all

righteous; they shall inherit the land for ever (Is. 60,

21)." This opinion seems contradicted by the obvious

presence of sinners and wicked in every generation.. The

verse, however, can be read as follows: "Thy people who

are all the righteous shall inherit the land forever."

But in the kabbalistic interpretation this verse has an

even more profound meaning. "Righteous" is the symbolic

name for the sefirah Yesod . Only the Righteous (Yesod )

inherits the Land of the living! Only the Righteous

concentrates the full life of all the higher Sefiroth

before conducting it to the Malkuth .

Man is called "righteous" and exemplifies the sefirah

Righteous by abstaining from sexual transgressions. The

sefirah Righteous symbolizes also the male sexual organ

in the Sefiroth that carries the sign of the Covenant.

187

By a sexual sin a man profanes the sign of the Covenant in

his body, the "royal seal of the King", and as such profanes

the mystery. of the sefirah lesod. This sefirah is also

called "Joseph", because Joseph's righteousness consisted

in resisting the temptation of adultery with Potiphar's

wife (cf. Gen. 39). The arch-breaker of the Covenant was

Adam because according to the tradition Adam deleted the

sign of the covenant. *' He returned to the Primeval

force of Impurity. The evil force precedes the force of

holiness because "Foreskin" rules before "Circumcision"

and to obliterate the circumcision is to return to the

"source of Impurity" which is called Orlah . Three years

the trees are impure and their fruit cannot be eaten while

Orlah rules over them. A sexual sin, therefore, which

profanes the sign of the Covenant makes, man forfeit his

righteousness. No longer, does he draw life from the

Yesod, but he has placed himself under the rule of the

supernal force called "Defilement."

A second mystery to be explained in this section. is

the meaning of the expression "World to Come." It is not

simply the world which comes to a man after death, for

in such a case sinner and righteous would both inherit

the "World to Come". The "World to Come" only comes to

the Righteous, because it is the holy mystery contained

in the Binah, conveyed by the River to the Yesod . Moses

de Leon quotes a talmudic saying: "there is a firmament

188

that is established over the heads of the Living Beings,

a firmament like awe-inspiring ice." ' The "firmament"

here spoken of is another symbol for the Binah, the mighty-

dome hovering over the heads of the Sefiroth called the

Living Beings, the Firmament from which comes all blessing,

41)delight and inner life that never diminishes or ceases.

A description is given of the life of the "World to

Come" in which there is no eating,- nor drinking, nor any.

corporeal function. The souls are nourished by the radi-

ance of the Brilliant Mirror, and by the radiance of the

Crown (the sefirah Tlf 'eret ) above the heads of the

righteous (in the Ye sod )

.

The "¥orld to Come" is also the mystery of Repentance,

also a symbol for the Binah . The world to come is granted

only to those who did deeds of righteousness or repentance

in this life, not to those who delayed it until their

respite was over. This is illustrated by the lengthy

parable of the rich man who gorged himself while the poor

man looked on hungrily, and who gave food to the poor only

because he could not eat any more of the dishes that were

placed on his table.

Once again the kabbalist takes issue with the

philosopher. The philosopher holds that an angel is more

perfect than a human soul. The kabbalist places the so.ul

higher "because it has elements of both worlds, the upper

and the lower world. It has acquired something from the

189

lower world through virtuous deeds, and thus unites above

and "below in one." The soul is not always in the sefirah

Yesod . Prom time to time "it ascends to visit the Lord in

his temple." The ascension to a sort of beautific vision

is only granted to the soul, not to the angels "who ask

42)where is the glory of the Lord?"

If such is the highness of the world to Come, what

possible use can there be for the soul in returning to the

body which has returned to the dust where it came from?

A second question which Moses de Leon asks himself and .

which he proposes to solve is the problem rising from the

verse: "If thou wilt walk in my ways, and if thou wilt

keep ray charge. . .then I will give thee places to walk among

those that stand by (Zach. 3,7)." How can the righteous

be alotted a place among "those that stand by" and by which

the angels are meant, if the righteous are placed above.

the angels? As to the first question, concerning the

return of the soul to the body, this will only happen after

the Evil Impulse has been removed from the world. Only

when the world is cleansed from the rule of Impurity and

Holiness is restored, shall the dead rise. It will be a

greater glory for the souls to participate in both worlds

through their union with the body. The purified body

will be a part of a purified world. Only then will all

the worlds be restored in the " Shekel ha-Kodesh" and the

Lord will rule, above and below, and the true ideas (the

190

43Vwisdom of the Kabbalah) will be fulfilled. ' This state

of man will be a return to the paraiisiac state of Adam

when he was created "pure and undefiled, without stain or

pollution; on account of this high degree of purity, the

soul (in Adam) was able to attain the splendor of the

higher degrees (in the supernal world) and he was in

possession of the secret and perfect wisdom; no obstacles

existed for him until the snake saw his high state, and it

.,44)was evil in his eyes..." ' Since the fall of Adam through

the .guile of the snake, Impurity affected the world. Only

when the paradisiac state is restored will everything

return to. its place. This is the recurring idea of

apokata stasis in Moses de Leon's writings: when every-

thing is restored to its primeval unity "where the Lord is

one and his Name is one (Zach. 14,9)."

Concerning the second problem: the. promise to be

placed among angels when a higher place comes to the soul

by virtue of its nature, this refers to a particular

mission of the soul. Like the ministring angels the souls

are often used by God as messengers to execute his orders

here on earth. They, like the angels, "stand by" to fly

to the earth "to perform miracles and grant protection

to Israel". This share in the angelic task of mediation

does not contradict their essential higher position in the

sefirotic world. Also in this respect the righteous

participate in the process of restoring the world, of

191

returning it to the glory of its origin when "the Lord

will be King over all the earth; in that day the Lord will

be one and His name will be one (Zach. 14,9)."

Part Five . (x/nD,4 - k/"t>,10)

A special section is devoted to the resurrection of

the dead which is stated as a belief, conditional for

45)obtaining a share in the "World to Come." Of the

46)Scriptural verses, brought in support for this belief,

the verse which lent itself most to a kabbalistic inter-

pretation of the resurrection was: "Thy dead men shall

live, together with my dead body they shall arise. Awake

and sing ye that dwell in dust (Is. 26,19)." The dead

who are buried in the land of Israel are alluded to as

"Thy dead men", for they died in the land of the Lord.

"Together with my dead body they shall arise" refers to

those who died outside the land. "Awake and sing ye that

dwell in dust" are the patriarchs, buried in Hebron.

Exactly the same bodies will arise. From the

remnants of the former body God will build a new building

as the vision of Ezechiel (37, 1-14) testifies. One

might object that in the case of Ezechiel the resurrection

took place while the bones of the body were still present.

What if nothing is left? Is not the resurrection in that

case a new creation, like the creation of Adam from dust

in the beginning? Moses de Leon emphasizes strongly the

importance of continuity in the process of restoration.

192

47)According to the tradition, ' one bone at least remains

uncorrupted, namely the coccyx of the spine. This hone

is indestructible and is the minimal basis for the resur-

rection of the body. The importance of a "leftover" is

seen in the rule that a blessing can come only over some-

thing that is present. One cannot say a blessing over an

empty table. The prophet Elisha asked for what was left

in the house of the woman before he performed the miracle

of the multiplication of. the oil (cf. 2 Kings 4,2). In

like manner one finds that the coccyx of the spine does

not disintegrate. Not for everybody will it be the nucleus

for the quickening of the body. In the case of the wicked,

who are not worthy of the resurrection, the spine will

change into a snake after seventy years. The snake, "a

creature that is cursed, has no remedy ever." Till

eternity it will carry its curse, and never will God change

this curse once the spine of a man has become a snake.

48)Never will he rise, nor will his body be quickened. '

The wise of blessed memory have described the pro-

49)cess of the resurrection in different ways. The first

opinion is that the Lord will send a dew from the light

of the. supernal world which will penetrate the ground and

moisten the bone. Then it will become like dough and

spread in all -directions. All the members of the body

will be formed again: the bones, the flesh and the skin

around it. Then the boies will move underneath the earth

193

to the land of- Israel. Only there will they receive their

ruah. The holy ruah can only descend in a place that is

holy and pure. This is the meaning of the verse: "Behold,

my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come

up out of your graves and bring you into the land of

Israel (Sz. 37,12)". This is the first stage of the pro-

cess. Only then is it said: "and I shall put my spirit

in you and ye shall live (ib. 37,14)", which proves that

the dead outside Israel receive their souls only in the

land. Only the dead in Israel will stay in their place

50)and the spirit will enter them and they will live.

Another description is given under the name of R.

Joshua ben Menasya. First the lord will raise up those

that rest in Hebron ', corresponding to the part of the verse:

"your dead men will live (Is. 26,19)". Those are Adam,

Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their spouses. After that

the Lord will clean the land of Israel from the impurity

of the Gentiles. He will shake them out of the land "as

a man shakes his prayer shawl to clean it from dirt, as it

is said: "holding the corners of the land, that the wicked

shall be shaken out of it (Job 38,13)." Then the holy

5Dseed will rise, " i.e. the Israelites that are buried in

the land and who did not die under "foreign power". He

who dies in Israel dies' in the land of the Lord and the

angel of death has no power over him. "Together with my

dead body they will arise (Is. 26,19)" refers in this

194

opinion to those who died outside the land. Another

version is given by R. Simeon, who applies "My dead men

shall live (ib. )" to those who died in Israel, and "to-

gether with my dead body they will arise" to the ones who

died outside Israel. The reasoning behind this view is

that the word for "arise" literally means "will stand

up." R. Simeon makes a distinction between "standing up"

and the final quickening which only takes place in Israel.

"Awake and sing ye that dwell in dust (ib. )" he applies

to those who sleep in Hebron. They are "awakened" like

those who slumber. The patriarchs are not dead but

asleep in their graves. "And. the earth shall cast out the

dead (ib. )" refers in his explanation to the dead of the

Gentiles in Israel. For them there is no "standing up"

nor quickening, as it is said: "The dead, they shall not

live (Is. 26,14)." In both verses the dead of the Gentiles

are referred to by the Hebrew word refa'.im . In R.

Simeon's view the patriarchs are the last to rise in order

that they will enter a world full of joy and the land full

of the righteous and pious. Similarly God created Adam

as -the last creature, so that He could bring him into a

perfect world. R. . Bleazar holds that even the dead out-

side the land of Israel will rise prior to the patriarchs,

so that not only Israel, but the whole world will be com-

pleted at the moment of the resurrection of the

partiarchs.

Those of Israel who have no share in the resurrection

195

are the Israelites who neglected the commandment of the

phylacteries; the wicked and lawless among the people who

despised and disgraced the Torah and died without repentance

and without posterity that could atone for them. Neither

will the usurers of Israel and their like rise.

Ill men will rise for judgment, except the generation

of the Flood, the generation of the Tower of Babel, and

the population of Sodom. The generation of the wilderness

will have its share in the world to come, headed by Moses

and Aaron. The Gentiles will stand to be judged, and the

Lord will take eternal vengeance upon them for all the

evil they have brought upon Israel. Only the Gentiles

who died in Israel have no part in the resurrection

according to the verse: "the dead ( refa'im ) will not

rise (Is. 26,14)."

The resurrection will take place in the sixth

millenium. There will be seven millehia according to .the

talmudic saying "six thousand years the world will exist,

52)one thousand years it will lay waste." The seventh

millenium "that is waste" is the "Sabbatical year" of the

world. Moses de Leon combines here his historiosophy

with the doctrine of the souls. The "Sabbath of history"

is a great secret. No prophet has prophesied about it,

for all- prophecies go only as far as the days of the

Messiah. The seventh millenium is "the day known only to

the Lord, not day nor night (Zach. 14,7)." This day

196

which is neither day nor night" is already alluded to in

the story of creation. Of every day it is said "and it

was evening and it was morning" except of the Sabbath,

where neither evening nor morning is mentioned. The

mystery of the Sabbath is another secret of the sefirah

3inah , in which the "souls of bliss" are contained. The

"souls of bliss" are the additional souls that come to

dwell in every Israelite on the Sabbath.. Now the world

is still in the six days of creation, and history is a

history of exile. When the exile ends, in the messianic

53)days, all the pre-existent souls of the " Guf "

. will be

emptied, and this source will yield no more souls. Only

sabbatical souls from the Binah will rule in the seventh

milienium. The secret of the six millenia is the mystery

of the Six Sides in the Sefiroth . When the Sabbath of

history comes, there will be no Evil Side, nor impurity

in the world. Begetting and dying will cease.

A false opinion about the seventh milienium is the

view that in this period the world will be destroyed and

that all men will die, that the earth will be empty and

that the resurrection will only come after the seventh

milienium. If this were so, says Moses de Leon, the

messianic Joy will be very short. The Messiah will come

at the end of the sixth milienium and restore the temple,

the dead will rise in the messianic days. But short will

be the joy if in the seventh milienium everything is going

to be destroyed again. History becomes meaningless. What

197

is the sense. in the long sufferings of the galuth , the

calamities and persecutions of the present times, and what

is the consolation in the promise of the Messiah, if the

blessing will be so momentary? In the first exile of Babel

which lasted only seventy years a minority only returned

to Zion. The majority reasoned "what good is it to return

to Zion because the temple will be destroyed again."

Would such an argument not hold again if the seventh

millenium were going to be a period of desolation and

destruction?

While many blessings of the messianic times are

described, the emphasis is on the great change that will

come over the world by the disappearance of the Evil Urge,

the Spirit of Defilement. The Gentile nations will dis-

appear with the Spirit of Defilement, which was the

source of their origin. The question is asked: what will

be the reign of the Messiah if the nations of the world

disappear? How can the verse be explained: "The kings

of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents; the

kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts; yea, all the

kings shall fall down before him (Ps. 72, 10-11)". And

the verse: "The nation and kingdom that will not serve

thee shall perish (Is. 60,12)" and "the kings shall be thy

nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers

(Is. 49,23)?" Do not these verses of Scripture suggest

that the Spirit of Defilement will not disappear because

198

,54)the nations will still exist?-

The solution is that the nations will remain but

their Idolatry will cease. The king Messiah will not

tolerate idolatry as .king Solomon did, of whom it is said

that he committed idolatry because he tolerated it. It is

inconceivable that this could happen in the reign of the

Messiah. Those who will not serve the Creator will be

destroyed. Those who will serve him will enter the Holy

Covenant. The messianic reign will resemble in this

respect the period of the second temple when the kings

conquered nations and circumcised them and they were their

servants all their. days.

With the solution of the problem of the nations Moses

de Leon concludes his theoretical exposition on the

messianic days. . Resurrection and eschatology are both

narrowly related to the doctrine of the souls. With this

the book on the kabbalistic psychology ends. What follows

is an appendix dealing with a series of commandments that

have a particular reference to the soul in the Kabbalah.

It is the practical aspect of the psychology and therefore

called: " The gate concerning the foundations of religious

practice and the basis of the faith ."

The Appendix (s/-i>,11 - »/no,1)

The commandments of the Holy-Blessed-Be-He to His

people are described as having a double purpose. They

should mark the holy seed among the nations, in order that

199

the people of Israel may be the servants of God in mankind.

The second -purpose has a profound kabbalistic meaning. The

commandments "bestow upon Israel substance", as it is said:

"That I may cause those that love me to inherit substance;

and I will fill their treasures (Prov. 8,21)." The sub-

. stance here referred to evidently is the "substance of

the sefirotic world."

The mystery of the Fringes and the Phylacteries .

The fringes on the four edges and the blue color of

the Tsitsit have a mystical meaning. They represent "the

Lord sitting on His throne at the entrance of the temple,

and the fringes pendent from Him." The temple alludes to

the Sefiroth, of which the entrance is the Malkuth .

Through the lowest sefirah, the entrance, one gazes into

the temple, where the Lord sits on His throne. The

thirty-two fringes pendent from Him are the mystery of

the thirty- two hidden pathways of the kabbalistic wisdom:

the ten Sefiroth and the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew

alphabet. The mystery of the throne is contained in the

blue color, of which the rabbis of blessed memory said:

"the blue is like the sea, the sea resembles the firmament,

55)and the firmament is like the divine throne."" The

highest and most profound meaning of the color blue is thus

the divine throne. By the throne here is meant the "Throne

of David", or "Mild Judgment", both symbols of the

Malkuth. The blue color should remind man of the throne

200

of judgment from •which the Lord's enemies will be punished,

like all those who trespass against His commandments. As

such the fringes should remind man also of the -whip of

punishment that awaits the sinner. Being reminded of the

whip is salutary. It is like the snake that Moses erected

in the desert, so that all that had been bitten by the

snake should look up to the. snake and be healed (cfr. Num.

21,8). The secret of the "healing snake" is one of the

mysteries of the fringes as one can see from the verse:

"and it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look

upon it, and remember all the commandments of the Lord,

and .do them (Num. 15,39)." The five strips to fasten

the Tsitsit contain the secret of the "five-hundred years

journey", which is the length of the Tree of Life, they

also allude to the five books of the Pentateuch. They

also remind of the fifty gates of Intelligence, the mystery

of the Binah. The fringes are a yoke that a man- imposes

upon himself as a first commandment "in order to

straighten his. steps." It is a preparing of the throne,

a preparation for the phylacteries which represent "the

56)one who is riding the throne." Thus one has to fulfill

first the commandment of the fringes in order to ascend

in the degrees of holiness according to the rule: "one

only ascends in works of sanctification and never de-

scends." 57 ^

The fringes are a commandment, mltsvah , whereas the

201

phylacteries are a sane tifi cation of the I\Tame, a kedushah .

A kedushah always has precedence over a mitsvah . In

Kabbalistic sense this means "that a man should not come

to the higher degree of kedushah (in the Sefiroth ) with

58)empty hands." In the kedushah itself there is a

difference of degree. The phylacteries of the hand rank

lower than the phylacteries of the head. Thus one ascends

in sanctification by first placing the Tsltsit , then the

phylacteries of the hand, and lastly the phylacteries of

the forehead. Though the lower degrees depend from the

higher and "follow the higher", our order of entering the

world of sanctification is from the lower degrees towards

the. higher.

The phylacteries contain the secret of four portions

of Scripture corresponding to the mystery of the Tetra-",9)

grammaton . The first portion begins: "Sanctify unto

me all firstborn (Ex. 13,1)." The firstborn here alluded

to is the firstborn of the Sefiroth . namely the Hokhmah .

proceeding as the first from the mystery of Keter , "the

hidden and pure ether." Hokhmah in its coming from the

womb, Keter, is represented in the first letter of the

Divine Name YEftH. The letter yod (Y) represents the

highest holiness from which all the degrees of holiness

proceed "like the rings of a chain, one connected with the

other." The Hokhmah is the first ring and is called

"Firstborn in Israel."

202

The second portion starts: "And it shall be when the

Lord shall bring thee into the land. (Ex. 13,11)." This is

an allusion to the mystery of the Binah , the secret of the

"Holy of Holies" also called "Holy Jubilee" because it

contains the mystery of the fiftieth year, the mystery of

freedom and liberation. The Exodus did occur on a jubilee

year and therefore the Binah is also called "Exodus from

Egypt". The Binah is like a mother with her six sons, the

six middle Seflroth . Again this refers to the Exodus, be-

cause it is said that 600,000 came out of Egypt in the

holy jubilee (cf. Ex. 12,37). The second portion

corresponds to the second letter of the Divine Name, the

letter he (h) .

The third portion is the Shema . "Hear, Israel:

The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the

Lord with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with

all thy might (Deut. 6, 4-5)." Two Seflroth are alluded

to: "thou shalt love" indicates the sefirah Hesed ; "Hear,

Israel" refers to the sefirah Din . These two sefiroth

represent the right and the left side and are the be-

ginning pf the six middle degrees, indicated by the third

letter of the T etragraromaton . the letter way (w) of

which the numerical value in Hebrew is six. YH¥ to-

gether forms a unity in itself and represents the masculine

world. The phylacteries of the forehead therefore repre-

sent the male, but the highest unity is only found when

the male and the female are together. The Malteuth is the

203

secret of the female world, represented in the phylacteries

of the hand and in the last letter he (H) of the Divine

Name. The last H receives all that is contained in the.

first unity YH¥, and together they form the secret of the

highest unity, the seal of the King: YHWH.

A man who neglects to fulfill the commandment of the

phylacteries forfeits his share in the world to come. But

"blessed is the one who ornate s himself by wearing the

seal of the King, the mystery of the highest exemplar. He

will be sanctified by the sanctification of the Holy

Name." •

'

The mystical meaning of the Rods of Jacob .

In the series of mystical interpretation of the

commandments, this mystery seems to come as a kind of

intermezzo. However, the content is intimately related

to the following mysteries. The meaning of the Rods of

Jacob clarifies the important position of the sefirah

Jacob in the supernal world. By understanding the stories

of Jacob in Scripture according to the Kabbalah the soul

will find the "right service of the Lord" and thus gain

61)access to the World to Come.

Before entering upon the exegesis of the verse:

"And Jacob took rods of the green poplar, and of the

almond tree and the plane tree; and he peeled white stripes

in them and made the white appear that was in the rods

(Gen. 30,37)", Moses de Leon gives his opinion about the

204

stories related in the Bible which seem either shocking

or meaningless. It -would seem that one could "invent

now better stories and more useful" than the story of

Rachel stealing the idols of Laban (Gen. 31, 19-20);

Jacob taking the birthright from Esau (Gen. 25, 29-34), or

Jacob deceiving his father Isaac (Gen.. 27, 1-40); Sarah

and Hagar (Gen. 16,4), which all seem to contradict the

belief that the Torah contains truth and life for the

world

.

All these stories can only be understood through the

hidden wisdom, the Kabbalah, which shows that all the

words of the Torah contain the hidden life, whether it is

written: "and Timna was the concubine of Eliphaz, the son

of Esau (Ex. 20, 2) or "I am the Lord your God (Ex. 20,

5)." The underlying principle of the kabbalistic inter-

pretation of Scripture is explained, as the author in-

62)dicates here, in his book "Pardes "

. The stories

are nevertheless historical facts and not pious parables.

The stories of Jacob e."g. really happened, but they can

only be understood when one sees that Jacob acts as the

"Jacob of the Sefiroth". As the central sefirah "who

snatches the blessing from Esau (the left side)", he is

the perfect mediator. Jacob, blending the right and the

left, makes the emanation from the higher Sefiroth a

"perfect inheritance to his sons". In this light the

attitude of Jacob to Esau becomes different. Human

205

thinking could never arrive at this understanding of the

story/- It is a secret of tradition (Kabbalah) handed

down to man by a profound and -wise man who. knows "the

depths of the higher mysteries., of which the wise of the

63)present generation have not the faintest idea". The

two kids that Jacob took to present to his father (cf.

Gen. 16, 9) are the mystery of New Year ( Binah ) . The

booty that Ssau is hunting indicates Satan, who is tricked

out of his catch by the mystery of the Day of Atonement.

Both mysteries will be dealt with later, but are here

anticipated to indicate the vital role of the sefirah

Jacob. Jacob was in the perfect position "to grasp the

root and the truth", because being in the middle position

between Isaac ( Din ), and Abraham (Hesed) he saw the essence

of both. He saw also the "inclination of his father

Isaac for Ssau and he knew the wickedness of his brother",

i.e. he understood the tendency of the left side towards

the mystery of evil and he knew that his task was "to

correct the inclination of his father in the right

64)direction." Abraham and Isaac both "dug wells"

according to the Bible (cf. Gen. 21, 25-33; ib. 26, 18).

The importance of this fact can only be understood if one

sees the importance of the sefirah Abraham and the sefirah

Isaac both containing wells of emanation. Jacob's

function was "to use these resources to the love of the

Creator, and to restore the essences of the higher worlds

206

( Jin and Hesed ) into a "unity, so that it "becomes a part

65)of the God of Israel."

After this long exposition about the meaning of the

Jacob stories, the author "returns to his subject",

namely the peeling of the rods by Jacob. This is another

archetypal story that refers to -the "drawings in the

tent (of the Sefiroth )". The rod- of. the green poplar

alludes to the seflrah Hesed . because poplar in Hebrew is

libneh, indicating the essence of Hesed. which is repre-

sented by the color white, laban . The word "green"

poplar, (lah ) alludes to the waters, also a symbol of the

right side, because lah means literally "moist". The

waters of the right side will fill the lower sea indicating

the Malkuth . The rod of the almond, (in Hebrew "luz ")

is the secret of the sefirah Din on account of the extreme

character of Din , luz meaning "to deviate". The sefirah

Din , whose color is red, is the Fear of Isaac. The rod

of the plane tree (cermon ) symbolizes the function of

Jacob, the gatherer, alluding to the root caram (gather).

Jacob gathers the secret of the white and the red, of

water and fire. The third rod is. the symbol of the two

other rods combined, and indicates Jacob in his pivotal

position between Hesed and Din. The third rod, Jacob,

also contains the mystery of the third day of creation

(of. Gen. 1, 9^-13) in which the waters were gathered and

the dry land appeared and started yielding life. It is

207

the day of which it is said in the Bible twice "that.it

was good".

Jacob is thus the "perfect combination of truth and

faith through love, and represents the mystery of the

Merlcabah ." Jacob contains the three that are one,

namely YH¥, the divine name Yahu . and his inheritance are

"the white stripes". In all the three rods the "white is

revealed", because it was Jacob's function "to peel the

white" and give the emanation a general character of

Hesed, mercy. Only through the mystery of mercy can the

world exist and in the existence of all things in the

world one can see "the white stripes of mercy" that Jacob

peeled from the three rods.

The mystery of the Rods of Jacob is thus repre-

sentative of the secret of the Seflroth . of Israel's

faith and not least, of the existence of the world.

The mystery of the Sabbath and the Holiday

Of the Sabbath it is said that it equals the Torah

in importance. This can be derived from the two parallel

verses: "Thou earnest down upon mount Sinai" and the verse

that follows "And mad est known unto them thy holy

sabbath" (Neh. 9, 14). The parallel between the Torah

and the Sabbath is also seen in the fact that the word

"sabbath" is sometimes used in the masculine and some-

times in the feminine in Hebrew. This corresponds to the

commandments of the Torah of which it is either said

208

"remember" (in Hebrew zakar . meaning also "male") or

"keep", (in Hebrew shamar ) which is interpreted as a

symbol of the female world. This twofold mystery of the

Sabbath symbolizes also the unity of male and female Just

as the commandments whether introduced by "remember" or

"keep" form one perfect unity.

The Sabbath contains also a threefold mystery, for

* 67)it is an allusion to the three "points" in the Sefiroth.

The highest point is the point of origin, the Hokhmah, out

of which comes the Binah, the "higher" Sabbath"; the

central point is the centre of the Sefiroth . namely

Tif 'eret , the centre of the "perfect circle" and the

"corner stone of the building." The central point refers

to the Sabbath Day. The lower point is the end of the

process that starts with the supernal point, and stands

for the Mallcuth . The Malkuth symbolizes the Sabbath-Eve.

The three different Sabbaths: the Great Sabbath, the

Sabbath Day and the Sabbath Eve, are referred to in the

three times that "the seventh day" is mentioned in the

institution of the Sabbath day (cf . Gen. 2, 2-3)

.

The first Sabbath to be considered here is the

Sabbath Eve. It is the secret of the "lower point",, the

Malkuth . because when the Kingdom comes on Sabbath Eve

the additional Sabbath-souls or the "souls of delight"

take possession of all the members of the holy people.

This should be the reason to' celebrate the meal on the

209

Sabbath. Eve in delight. On Sabbath Eve the Lord takes

possession of His Kingdom on earth. Ho "foreign ruler

or principality" has any power over Israel in the hour that

all the worlds are at rest. Even the wicked in the Gehenna

are relieved from their pains as there is no accuser nor

judgment on this day. The supernal degree of the Malkuth

spreads its tent of peace over the world*

Moses de Leon seizes the opportunity to vent his

anger over the negligence which apparently rules in the

synagogues of his days, where the cantors mislead the

people by intoning the prayer "Who keepest His people

Israel", a prayer that should be omitted on the Sabbath.

They utter words which they do not understand and it would

be better if they kept silent. The right prayer at the

right moment is of great importance. Chaos in this

respect creates chaos in the supernal world of the

Sefiroth .

Sabbath Eve is the time of the week that the "sheep

enter the sheep fold" and for once the watchman does not.

need to worry or to fear the wolves. Therefore it is wrong

to pray for. safety on the Sabbath, because this admits a

fear that the "foreign principalities" are still ruling

and the Lord has not come to protect His people. One

should rather say the prayer "Who spreads the tent of

peace over us" on the Sabbath.

All the. days of the week the wicked in the Gehenna

are punished according to their 'guilt. The angels of

210

destruction pester the souls with, sticks of fire. To be

reminded of this one says during the week in the evening

prayer "He who is merciful", a prayer which should not-

be said .on Sabbath Eve, because then the chastisers cede

their place. Three executioners operate during the, week-

days under the direction of Bumah , the angel of death.

They are Mashit , Aph and Hamah, or: 7Jrecker, Rage and

Scorcher. All three are alluded to in the prayer "He

who is merciful", where it says: "and neither shall he

wreck" and "greatly shall he return his rage", "nor will

his scorching heat testify". But as all. three disappear

on Sabbath Eve this prayer should not be said, in order

not to stir them up again. Instead one prays: "Bless

the Lord who is praised" on Sabbath Eve. ifith the Sabbath

soul one blesses the Lord in the prayer "the spirit of

every living" . This prayer confesses that a new spirit

rests on every "living" on the Sabbath. With "every,

living" is meant every righteous in Israel. This is seen

in the fact that the sefirah Righteous is also called

"living".

The second Sabbath in the threefold mystery of this

holy day is the Sabbath Day.. The day and the night are

one on Sabbath because Sabbath Eve belongs to the Sabbath

Day as the bride belongs to the bridegroom under the

canopy. The Sabbath Day refers to a higher degree in the

Sefiroth . While the Sabbath Eve was the Malkuth , the

211

Bride, the Sabbath Day is the sefirah Tif eret , the Lord,

or the Groom. The unity of the male and the female in

love is thus one of the mysteries of the Sabbath. The

Sabbath Day is also simply called "Day" among the

Sefiroth . because of all the six "days" that are symbolized

in the six central Sefiroth . Tif' eret is the "exquisite.

day", the central point of the perfect ring.. Three

particular, prayers characterize the mystery of the

Sabbath Day which is the mystery of unification by eminence

(cf. the function of Jacob in the Sefiroth ) . The three-

fold unity, is expressed in the prayer "The Lord our God

is the Lord" which mentions the Name three times while

confessing God's unity. The next prayer that professes

the same mystery is the Kedushah : "Holy, Holy, Holy",

and the third prayer is when one says: "Thou art one

and Thy name is one, and who is like Thy people Israel,

one nation" in which unity is confessed three times. The

Sabbath Day is thus the real centre of unity, the central

point of the sefirotic world, where YH¥ appears as a unity

Yahu and the male and the female, represented in the last

H of the Tetragrammaton . are united and constitute the

highest unity YEWH.

The "Great Sabbath" is the third mystery in the

threefold Sabbath. The Great Sabbath is the Sabbath of

the Sefiroth, of all the supernal worlds. It is a mystery

of the Binah . which comes from the supernal point. "Whereas

212

the Malkuth represents the female principle of "reception"

and the central Sefiroth display the male element of

"activity" the Binah is the supernal rest of the worlds,

the Sabbath where activity ceases and also begins.

Moses de Leon enters upon an explanation of the

Great Sabbath based upon the "wisdom of the masters of

the name". By those are meant the kabbalists who knew

the secrets of the letters of the alphabet, a wisdom that

"only few know nowadays"

.

The wisdom of the letters is the wisdom symbolized

in the thirty-two ways of wisdom, or its Hebrew equivalent

in letters "LeB". This symbolizes all the secrets of

revelation as the Torah starts with a Beth and ends with

a Lamed , forming the word LeB . The Beth is also a symbol

of the sefirah Binah. The Binah stands in between " aB"

(father, the Hokhmah ) and " Ben" son, referring to the

central Sefiroth , that come from the supernal Mother, the

Binah . Beth combined with the first letter Aleph refers

to the mystery of origin, AB; Beth combined with the

middle letter of the alphabet Hun refers to the mystery

of generation, BelSL The Beth alludes also to the mystery

of death in man. When the soul leaves the body the Beth

slips in between the two letters Koph and Resh , which

form together the word "kar" . meaning "cold" and possibly

referring to the death of man. But between the K and the

R, the B forms the word "keber" . indicating the grave where

213

the body will find its rest. This lugubrious aspect of

the function of the Beth is counterbalanced by the mystery

of the Beth slipping in between the last two letters of

the alphabet, the Shin and the Tav, forming the word

" SHaBaTH" and thus indicating the final rest of the soul

and of all the worlds. With this secret of the letter

Beth and the sefirah Binah the explanation of the mystery

of the Sabbath is concluded.

The secret of the Holiday is discussed in connection

with the Sabbath, but it concerns only the mystery of the

New Year day. New Year day is contained in the mystery of

the sefirah Bin . Though Hesed is the first sefirah re-

lated to the visible creation, drawing its emanation from

the resources of the Binah which in turn receives it

through the Hokhmah from the "hidden and pure ether"

(the Keter ).. nevertheless man brought another element

into the world. Man wanted to "taste from the other

side" and "descended into the wine cellar to drink from

the wine that rests on the dregs, and he became intoxi-

cated." This is an allusion to the sefirah Din. Man

entered this wine, cellar in peace (coming from the right

side, Hesed ) but left it "confused". Since he tasted

from the wine, the desires of the left side were awakened

in him. Man is drawn to both sides and judgment has to

rule in the world. This is the secret of New Year. The

mystery of Hew Year is also the secret of the seventh

214

month, the month, of judgment. The day of judgment is the

day "that the moon is covered" (on New Year). This symbol-

izes the Foreskin covering the Holy Covenant. When the

moon is covered, the Foreskin closes the door through

which mercy rules in the world. Then the accuser gets a

chance to witness against man. God sits on the seat of

judgment and the accuser arraigns a court against all the

people of the earth, who pass before God's judgment on

that day. The tribunal of New Year, however, changes into

a tribunal of mercy "because the lord loves His people".

The judgment turns into a confounding of the accuser in-

stead of a condemning of the accused. One might object

that there is little Use in a tribunal where the judge

pays no attention to the accuser. Moses de Leon answers

that for the sake of justice a court is often arraigned

where the judge knows from the beginning the innocence of

the accused, but "because he is a true judge and just",

69)accuser and witnesses will be heard.

A lengthy discussion follows on the mystery of the

shofar . The three sounds of the shofar which melt into

one melody indicate the mystery of "fire, wind and water

in their unity". The blast of the shofar removes the

Foreskin that obscured the light in the supernal world.

The door of emanation is opened again and the lord leaves

His seat of Judgment and stands henceforth on the side of

Mercy. The sound of the shofar proclames the mysteries

215

of the Sefiroth . The Teki/ah sound symbolizes the side

of Mercy; the T eru <ah sound the side of Judgment. The

shofar itself indicates also the mystery of unity ( Tif 'eret )

because it unifies the two sounds into one melody.

in even more profound mystery is contained in the

blowing of the shofar . The sound on earth finds a response

in the higher worlds. The sound in the lower world "moves

and stirs" the supernal world, so that both worlds operate

in unity. Moses de Leon uses the remarkable symbol of

human breathing* The response of the higher world to the

lower is a "going and returning" like the intake and

exhalation of breath. As there is no inhalation without

a previous exhalation, and vice versa , nothing is moved

in the supernal world without an action here below. It

is like the vital process of breathing in a living

organism. The blowing of the shofar thus indicates the

unity of man's life with the world of the Sefiroth through

70)the observing of the commandments.

The mystery of the Booth .

"All that are born Israelites shall dwell in booths

71

)

(Lev. 23, 42)."' The word "booths" in the Hebrew is

written in the defective plural. This is an indication

that all those who are not of the holy seed of Israel do

not dwell under the wings of the Shehinah . The booth is

the symbol of "the faith of Israel" and the " Shehinah".

which are both other names for the sefirah Malkuth.

216

The verse "fallen is the virgin of Israel; she shall

no more rise (Amos 5,2)", was explained by the rabbis of

the ¥est72

^ as meaning "she is fallen but not any more will

she fall; stand up, virgin of Israel." Through the

Kabbalah one can understand this verse in its deeper

meaning. "She shall no more rise" means: "no more will

she rise by herself" but she will be lifted up and raised

up by the. King, and he will support her. This can be

derived from another verse: "in that day will I raise

up the tabernacle of David that is fallen (Amos 9-, 1 1 )."

The connection between the two verses.:

,ean be understood

only from the symbolism of the Kabbalah where the

"tabernacle of David", "virgin of Israel" and "booth"

all refer to the same sefirah Malkuth .

The verse "that I made the children of Israel to

dwell in booths when I brought them out of Egypt (Lev.

23, 43)," has the word "booths" in the Hebrew with the

way of the plural.. This shows the mystery that the booth

receives the fulness of the six (wav in its numerical

value) Sefiroth . The six here referred to are the

central six Sefiroth , the "children coming out of Egypt",

indicating the relationship of the central Sefiroth to

their point of issue, the Binah, or the "Exodus from

Egypt". The six Sefiroth are the mystery of the "fulness

of the booth" because they are the six sluices through

which the fulness of the Binah comes down, the six

217

tranches of the supernal candlestick that illuminate with

the light of the Blnah . _

_

The mystery of the Scapegoat and the Day of Atonement .

The secret of the Day of Atonement is the mystery

73)of the role of the accuser in the world. The accuser

is not given a chance to prosecute Israel because on the

day that the tribunal is set up over the world, Israel is

occupied with prayers and works of repentance and the

purification of their souls, so that "his accusations are

confounded". He is also diverted in his work of accusa-

tion by the mystery of the Scapegoat, the sacrifice "to

appease the accuser" as "one makes a friend of an angry

dog by giving him a bone to gnaw upon!" When the shofar

blows the King changes the seat of judgment to the throne

of mercy, and when the accuser comes "he finds the world

ruled by mercy rather than by severity" and his accusations

become ineffectual. This mystery is concealed in the

story of Esau, the hunter, who comes back to his father

to offer him his booty and finds that his father has

eaten and' is satiated by the food offered by Jacob (cf

.

Gen. 27, 33-34). Israel by' its prayers on the Day of

Atonement has received the blessing that Esau, the

accuser, wanted to carry- away.

The verse: "and God saw all that He had made, and

behold, it was good, exceedingly (Gen. 1, 31)."" The

words "good"' and "exceedingly" have been explained as

218

referring to the angel of life and the angel of death.

Many "wise men" have wondered about the mystery of the

angel of death, to whom the Lord granted "to punish and

to kill" men, according to their wickedness. Moses de Leon

offers another explanation of the mystery of punishment

which is - as he suggests - more in accordance "with the

planning of the Creator". This is the mystery contained

in the sacrifices. Through the sacrifices the accuser

74)is appeased and "does not go empty handed". The subject

•is illustrated by a parable of a shepherd who has to ferry

his sheep over the river, but sees a wolf coming to devour

the sheep while he is thus occupied. He chooses a strong

he-goat and throws it to the wolf to divert the wolf's

attention and to keep him busy, while he ferries his flock

over the river. The same mystery is the secret of Job,

who was the "sacrifice" given to the accuser to occupy

him while the Lord conducted His people Israel but of '

~~

Egypt. This is the meaning of the scapegoat, sent into

the desert to give the accuser "a bone to chew upon" while

the Lord settles His account with His people. The same

meaning is indicated by the sacrifices for the nations of

the world during the feast of the Tabernacles which pro-

vide that Israel will not be disturbed in joy with her

King. The sacrifices are the share of the "little off-

shoots of the tree", of the impure souls that are not of

the Tree of Life itself like Israel. While Israel takes

219

part in the blessing of the hidden splendor of the

Sefiroth, the accuser and the nations of the world find

their share in the mystery of the sacrifices.

The mystery of the Lulab and the Etrog .

"And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of

goodly trees, branches of palm trees, branches of a foliage- 75)

tree, and willows of the brook (Lev. 23, 40)." This

verse which introduces the commandment of the lulab

alludes to the mystery of the Tree of Life, from which the

souls of the righteous originate.

The palm branch refers- to the secret of Yesod . the

sefirah which is called Righteous and is symbolized by the

palm tree because it is said "the righteous shall florish

as a palm tree (Ps. 92, 13)." A palm tree is either a

male or a female (not bisexual like most .trees) and con-

tains therefore the mystery of the union of the male and

the female in love. The lulab contains three myrtle twigs

and two willow branches. All this has mystical significance,

That there are myrtles around the palm branch alludes to

the verse: "and he stood among the myrtles (Zach. 1, 8)."

The willows are referred to by the verse: "Extol Him that

rides upon the skies (literally "the willows") whose name

is Yah (Ps. 68, 5)." The union of the three and the two

and the one suggests the mystery of unification. The

lul ab and the full moon on the Feast of Tabernacles are

two symbols of perfection and unity, celebrated on this day.

220

The three myrtles are the three Sefiroth Light, Dark-

ness and Peace, or Hesed, Din and Tlf ' eret . The palm branch

in the middle suggests the unity of these three. The two

willow twigs are the Sefiroth Netsah and Hod , which are

called "the supporters of the Building" and "pillars of

the Temple, Jachin and Boaz" . Unlike the myrtles the

willows have neither smell nor taste. This indicates the

essentially different function of the "myrtle Sefiroth "

and the "willow Sefiroth". The latter only have a passive,

supporting function, whereas the former fulfill their

emanating function in this combination of five. The palm

branch in the middle. which sticks out a little suggests

the perfect unity of the five. Together they represent

the mystery of the Tree of Life, where the number five

underlies the different symbols. The Tree of Life is the

" five hundred years journey" and is the secret of the

" fifty gates to the Binah"

.

The ethrog is the "heart of the lulab ". because it

conveys the secret of the thirty-two hidden pathways of

wisdom, having as its numerical equivalent in Hebrew

characters the word "leb", heart. The heart represents.

the "hidden side of God" who appeared to Moses where it is

said: "thou shalt see my back; but my face shall not be

seen (Ex. 33, 23)." This is the heart for which Solomon

asked when he prayed: "Give Thy servant therefore an

understanding heart (I Kings 3,9).V The ethrog is also

221

the mystery of the left side because the heart. is in the

left side of the body and it refers to the left side of the

Sefiroth because the sefirah Understanding ( Binah ) is

located at the left. Together with the lulab which

represents the right side, the ethrog forms the mystery of

unity of right and left. The ethrog , however, hangs onto

the lulab by a thread which represents the '.'thread of'

i

'...' 76)sweetness with which Esther captivated- the people".'

Esther was compared to the ethrojc, because her color was

77)reported to be "green yellowish" like the ethrog . This

color symbolizes the left side. As the color of Esther

frightened the people, so. the ethrog reminds by its color

of the "fear-inspiring left", but nevertheless draws the

people "by the thread of sweetness", symbolizing its

connection with the right side of the Sefiroth .

All the mysteries of the lulab and the ethrog con-

tain the element of joy because the Feast of the Tabernacles

is the feast of intimacy of Israel with her Lord, as it is

said: "and ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God

seven days (Lev. 23, 40)."

The mystery of the Circumcision .

Through the circumcision rite one becomes a member of

the Holy Covenant and is worthy to be called "man". The

mystery of the meaning "man" is shown in Ezechiel who is

constantly addressed "and you, man" (cf . Ez. 2, 6 and

passim ) . Ezechiel 1 s relationship to Abraham, the father

222

of the Covenant, is shown elaborated through, a series of

, 78)scriptural quotes in a truly raidrashic manner of exegesis.

Abraham only became "man" after receiving the sign of the

Covenant. The verse: "walk before me and be thou perfect.

And I will make my covenant between me and thee {Gen. 17,

1-2)", indicates that Abraham was not "perfect" before

entering the Covenant. When Abraham was circumcised the

letter he was added to his name which was changed from

Abram to AbraHam. The letter yod was impressed in his

flesh by the circumcision. Yod and He together form the

Hebrew word YaH, to show th:-:t the Lord bestowed His name

upon Abraham when he was circumcised.

Isaac was born only after the Foreskin, the. source

of Impurity, was removed from Abraham, which indicates

the mystery that the seflrah Isaac is "holy seed" from

Abraham. The tradition relates also. that Abraham never

entered into sexual union with Sarah until he was cir-

cumcised. This shows that the Malkuth (Sarah) only

receives "holy seed" and that thus only the people of Israel

are "holy seed" as only Israel belongs to the Malkuth .

The Gentiles who are not circumcised draw from the

mystery of the Foreskin. From the Foreskin they receive

"souls of impurity" which can only be removed with their

foreskin. Through circumcision a Gentile can share the

mystery of the Malkuth , and becomes a "proselyte of

Justice", because Justice is a name for the Malkuth .

223

That the Malkuth is also a mystery 'of the Sabbath Is

indicated by the fact that a child cannot be circumcised

until the eighth day, i.e. after a Sabbath has sanctified,

him. Only then can he enter the Covenant. This is seen

from the verse: "verily my Sabbath. ye shall keep; for it

is a sign between me and you (Ex. 31, 13)" and "I do set

my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of a covenant

(Gen. 9, 13)." The Sabbath and the Circumcision here

refer to the same mystery, the Malkuth . The : bow in the

cloud is the mystery of "the diadem of Beauty", an allusion

to the sefirah Tif 'eret . "When a man is circumcised he

enters into a relation to two supernal degrees (Malkuth

and Tif 'eret ) by virtue of a third supernal degree, symbo-

lized by the male sexual organ, the Yesod . The Yesod

unifies the Lord. ( Tif 'eret ) with the Kingdom (Malkuth )

.

Also through the commandment of circumcision a

mystery rite is performed through which man enters into

the secret of the sefirotic world containing the mystery

of unity by which man confesses that "the Lord is one and

His name is one (Zach. 14, 9)."

The mystery of the "mixed kinds" and the "mixed texture ".

79)The commandment to which this mystery refers is

contained in the verse: "Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou

shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind; thou

shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed; neither shall

a garment mingled of linen and wool come upon thee (Lev.

224

19, 19)." In the work of creation the Holy-Blessed-Be-He

planned all things to be ordered after their kinds. This

is the reason "why one finds written after every creation

the words "according to its kind" (cf. Gen. 1,11 etc).

Seeds, herbs, cattle, wild animals, birds and reptiles are

all created "after their kinds" in order to indicate that

no kind should be mixed with another.. The mixing of kinds

is like counterfeiting the effigy of the King, a falsifying

of the work of creation.• 80)

The rabbis of blessed memory have said that' there

is not a single herb that does, not have a particular angel

assigned over it which makes it grow. From this one sees

the effect of mixing the kinds. The hybrids here below

will cause chaos in the powers of the world above, and the

powers of the higher world are prevented in performing

their task.

Not only the angelic assistance in the lower world

becomes confused, but a satanic influence comes instead

81 )

of it. The "masters of the names" explained from the.

word Sha<atnez , (the mixed garment) that a special Satan

is appointed over those who wear garments of linen mixed

with wool. The Satan is called Satan-Ez . which the

Gentiles pronounce as Satanas .

By transgressing the prohibition of the mixed kinds

therefore man upsets the higher worlds, destroys the order

of creation, and causes the demonic powers to influence

the world.

225

The mystery of the Levirate Marriage and the Halitzah

The author refers to his hook Sefer ha^Rlmon for a

more detailed treatment of the mystery of levirate

marriage according to the Kabbalah. By a levirate

marriage man fulfills a commandment that is intended

to express *the never ceasing flow of the supernal River",

the secret of fertility in the world of souls. The sexual

union between man and wife testifies of the union of the

TTnlv-nnvflnant' (the sefirah Yesod ) with the Mystery of

TPftlth (the sefirah Malkuth ) . Refusing to marry the child-

less wife of a deceased brother is acting contrary to the

mystery of this union and effectually prevents the supernal

River to create souls. The commandment- of the levirate

marriage (Deut. 25,5) is another instance of the profound

interrelation between the world below and the sefirotic

world above. The refusal of a levirate marriage is as

grave as the neglect of the commandment to marry,, which

is expressed in the verse: "Be fruitful and multiply

(Gen. 1, 28)." This commandment should be well under-

stood. There is a great difference between not wanting

to reproduce and not being able to. The one who dies

childless by his own fault will be punished in as far as

his soul does not return to its place of origin (in the

Sefiroth ) , but "shall be cut off from my presence (Lev.

22,3)." With "the Lord's presence" is meant the sefirah

Tif 'eret . Koses de Leon widens the concept of the levirate v

226

marriage by indicating that ail those who die childless

•without their fault, will be redeemed by their kinsmen.

The close relationship between the soul and the sefirah

Tif'eret is indicated in the fact that both are called by

the symbol "name". As it is said: "that the name of the

dead be not. cut off from among' his brethern (Ruth 4,10)"

(referring to the soul of the dead) and: "his name shall

be called in Israel (Deut. 25,10)" which in kabbalistic

sense means: and his soul shall be called in the

sefirah Tif'eret .

The sin of the generation of the Tower of Babel was

a sin against this mystery of the soul. The building of

the tower to reach heaven is a very specific symbolism

of what one might call "kabbalistic hvbris". The nations

which derive their soul from the Evil Side and not from

the Sefiroth . had some notion of the mystery of the holy

soul. Their saying: - "Let us make us a name (Gen. 11,

4)" is explained as the audacity to reach the sefirah

Tif'eret by human power, symbolized in the building of the

tower "whose top may reach unto heaven (Gen. 11,4)".

83)This "building of a name (soul)" ^' is the direct

opposite of the holy mystery of the 1 evirate marriage, its

direct caricature.

The Halitzah is the ceremony which the Law provides

for a refusing of the levirate marriage (cf. Deut. 25,9).

It is considered by Moses de Leon as an. alternative way to

227

restore the soul of the man who dies childless to the

world of the Sefiroth, be it to a lower degree. Whereas

the 1 evirate marriage brought the soul back to the Tif ' eret.

the Halitzah connects the soul of the deceased with the

Malkuth . The verse that is seen to indicate this mystery-

is: "How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, prince's

daughter! (Cant. 7,2)". The "shoes" and "the prince's

daughter" connect the two elements, the mystery of the

"talcing off the shoe (Halitzah )" and the Malkuth , symbol-

ized as the "prince's daughter", or as the "daughter. of

Abraham'.'1

.

Marriage, levirate- marriage and Halitzah . three

commandments thus not only symbolize mysteries in the

Sefiroth ., but effectively have the power to draw holy

souls from their sefirotic source, and lead them back to

their origin.

The commandment of separating the meat. and the milk

The three times that the Torah gives the commandment

of not. cooking the kid in the milk of its mother (cf. Ex.

23,19; ib. 34,26; Deut. 14,21) is the basis for the

dietary laws concerning meat and milk. Moses de Leon

finds in the prohibition of mixing meat and milk the

84)expression of another mystery of the Sefiroth. The

meat symbolizes the "pit of snakes", the milk represents

the "well of living waters", ""the sefirah Malkuth. which

is often called "well ( Be'er)". By not observing the

228

dietary laws concerning meat and milk one therefore con-

founds the Malkuth with its parallel on the Evil Side,

with the pit that contains no living waters but the

poisonous snakes. The reason that the meat symbolizes

the Evil Side is seen in the verse: "And while the flesh

was yet between their teeth, ere it was chewed, the wrath

of the Lord was kindled against the people (Num. 1 1 ,33) .."

The meat also symbolizes the degree of the Evil Side that

is called Kets, "the End", as it is said: - "the end of all

flesh is come' before me (Gen. 6, 13) ." This mystery of

"the end" or of "extremity" is seen in the foreskin that

covers the sign of covenant, the husk that hides (and at

the same time protects) the nut, and the body which is

the garment of the soul. In the explanation of the last

mystery, Moses de Leon will come back to this profound

mystery, the mystery of the evil, which is at the same

time harmful and necessary. The distinction between the

milk and meat, however, should make man careful in making

the distinction between the source of holiness, the

Sefirdth , and the Sitra Ahrah . the source of defilement.

The Mystery of Evil

With the discussion of the mystery of evil, Moses de

Leon concludes his Book of the Balance . The verses, upon

which the discussion is based are: "And Jokim, and the

men of Cfeozeba, and Joash, and Araph, who had dominion in

Moab, and Jashubilehem. And the records are ancient.

229

These were the potters, and those that dwelt among

plantations and hedges; there they dwelt occupied in the

king's work (I Chron. 4, 22-23). s? These two obscure

verses will be explained as containing the allusions to

the secrets of evil as also the verses about Solomon's

apostasy (cf. I Kings 11, 4-5), and the marriage of the

prophet Hosea to (Joiner, the harlot (cf. Hos. 1,2-3).

The secret of the origin of the evil is the secret

of the Tree of Knowledge. To investigate the aspect of

evil as contained in the supernal Tree, is a work of

wisdom. In. this work of wisdom Solomon engaged in his

old age, though he succumbed to the danger connected with

this investigation, as one can see from Solomon's apostasy.

Though it is a work of wisdom to investigate the evil, one

must, be on guard not to "cleave to the evil". This was

the sin of Adam which drew death upon all mankind. It was

also Noah's sin when he was trying out "the strength of'

the wine" . Abraham entered the domain of evil but came

out safely, as is indicated by the verse: "and Abraham

went down into Egypt (Gen. 12, 10)", which is followed

by: "and Abraham. went up out of Egypt (Gen. 13,1)."

The name of Hosea' s wife "Gomer", the harlot who be-

got him children, indicates that the end of all wisdom

is knowing the evil. Gomer, meaning "completing", alludes

to the fact that the "child-bearing harlot" is a necessary

element for the completion of the world. Righteous as

230

well as sinners are In need of this aspect of reality that

is personified in Gomer, without whom no begetting is

passible. This can be seen also from David's words:

"Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did

my mother conceive me (Ps. 51,7)". Just as the mystery

of the fertility of souls is contained in the Six Sides,

the six central Sefiroth, is the mystery of fertility in

the world below contained in the Six degrees of Defilement,

the emanation of the Primordial Snake, the counterpart

of the sefirotic world. Six degrees on each side of the

Tree of Knowledge represent the mystery of good and evil.

Jokim (cf_. I Chron. 4,22) is the first degree of

evil. The fact that the first is called Jokim came from

the meaning of the word "Jokim", "he will awaken". The

first degree awakens the evil. Even though "Jokim" has

an additional letter way in the Hebrew, and "he will

awaken" should have been "Yakim", the defect in the word

itself indicates the mystery of evil. Moses de Leon

adduces other examples of words, written defectively,

which connote in similar ways the mystery of evil.

The second degree are "the men of Chozeba (ib.)",

where the word "Chozeba" is derived from the word "kazab "

,

meaning "falsehood". The 'Imen of fraud" thus indicate

the character of the second degree of the evil, whence

falsehood and deceit spread among men.

"And Joash (ib. )" is the degree that contains the

231

despair of all good. Again a pun on the word "Joash"

(alluding to Ye -ugh , despair) indicates the mystery of evil

as it leads man to despair. Despair expresses the distance

and chasm that exists between the good and the evil.

"And Saraph (lb.')" is the fourth degree in the

emanation of evil. The word, meaning "Serpent", indicates

that the degrees of evil are the brood of the Primordial

Snake. Serpents and snakes fill "the pit that cannot

contain water ( of . . Gen. 37,24)" and which is the counter-

part of the "well of living waters" on the side of the

Sefiroth. Another secret is contained in the degree

"Saraph". It refers to the serpent that Moses was

commanded to rise upon a pole in the desert. The serpent

on the pole for those who sinned in the desert, healed

all those who were bitten by a serpent (of. Hum. 21,8)..

Here we see the evil in its aspect of punishment and

remedy at the same time.

"Who had dominion in. Moab (I Chron. 4,22)". The

evil inclination that grows up with man from his early

youth should be kept in check. As soon as the evil

inclination takes dominion over man, he is no longer under

his father in heaven (me-ab ) . but the evil becomes to him

a father (leMo-ab ) . Me-ab and Mo-ab become in this pun

the representants of the good and the evil. Moab becomes

the archetype for the kingdoms of the Gentiles, who are

under the dominion of evil, while Israel depends from its

232

father (Me-ab ) in heaven.

The sixth and last degree of evil is " Jashubilehem

(ib. )". Again we find the secret alluded to in a pun on

the word itself. "When he turns to bread" a child will

start recognizing the evil in the world. The allusion

seems somehow farfetched. The eating of bread is the

symbol of the maturing of man. Together with it grows

man's awareness of the evil impulse in him, until ae

becomes fully aware of the evil at this thirteenth year

and is hence responsible for his good or evil deeds.

"The records that are ancient (ib.)" refers to the

mystery of evil as contained in these six degrees. They

are called "ancient" because the "Ancient of Days" has

concealed them from the beginning, and the secret of the

existence of evil is a mystery of faith.

"These were the potters (I Chron. 4,23)" Indicate a

quality inherent to these degrees of evil. Yotsrim ,

potters, or "those who give form", indicates that the

forces of evil impel man to produce, without- the ev.il

force the world would be sterile, as Koses de Leon shows

by relating the talmudic story that in the days of Ezra

the chicken no longer laid eggs, becausethe land waspo\

completely purified from the evil impulse. From the

mystery of evil comes the "stirring" that causes man to

produce. Thus the evil is a necessary element for the

existence of the world.

233

"And those that dwelt among the plantations (lb.).11

alludes to the fact that evil is implanted in man. It

dwells in him and lays in ambush between "the hedges (ib.)"

to strike out when man. is off his guard.

"There they dwelt occupied in the king's work (ib. )".

The evil fulfills a necessary function and therefore does

"the Icing's work"! The mystery of the evil working for

"the king" is symbolized in the secret of the nut. A nut

is concelaed in a hard shell which in itself is worthless,

but united with the inner part of the nut it has the

function to protect the inner. Outside and inside to-

gether form one thing, a nut. Separated, the husk no

longer is called "nut" and looses its meaning. Outside

and inside are indicated as being a "Kets ". extremity.

The inside represents the mystery of the Kets-yamin (the

right .extremity) while the outside is called Kets-yamin

(the end of days). The "end of days" is also "the end

of all flesh (Gen. 6,13)". Both extremities belong to-

gether in this earthly existence. To separate them is not

understanding the mystery of the nut. Kain who brought

his sacrifice "at the end of days (Gen. 4,3)" wanted to

isolate the value of. the husk. Jacob who wanted to dis-

close the mystery of the end to his children tried to.

isolate the mystery of the "inner extremity" from the

mystery of evil. He was punished for the Shehinah left

him as soon as he wanted to "separate the shell from the

234

inner". This mystery brings us back to the secret of the

union of soul and body. Both come from two opposite

.,89)extremities but "belong together without any division

in the work of the king..

The evil is at the origin of man's existence, as it

is said: "Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and

in sin did my mother conceive me (Ps. 51,7)". Iniquity

and sin, the forces of evil, are also the cause of man's

end on earth, as the rabbis of blessed memory said: there

90)is no death without iniquity, no pain without sin. Thus

the mystery of evil accompanies man throughout life and

Moses de Leon concludes his book with the words: "the

mystery is great for him who understands. May these

allusions be enough to you, for they will prepare to those

who. dwell before the Lord (cf. Is. 23,18) a way of :

integrity, as it befits. Be wisel"

Here ends the Book of the Balance .

"Praise to Him who rideth upon a

swift cloud (Is. 19,D."

NOTES

and

BIBLIOGRAPHY

236-

Notes relating to Part I

1. Carolus Bernheimer, Codices- Hebraic! 3yolio the cae

Ambrosianae ..- Florence 1933, in Pontes Ambrosiani Y, •

J. Galbriti, ed.Cited as Bernhelmer.

2. The' information is largely based on, Bernheimer,

p. 64-6g.

3. Bernheimer, p. 152-55. .

4.' Bernhelmer, p. 155 " Steinschneider earn Mo-seh de Leon

tribuit, non sine causa, ut opinor. codex nostervero ad R.- Joseph Gikatilla refert ."

Concerning the authorship of the Sodoth of. the

paragraph "devoted to . the problem of authorship inthe. Introduction.

5. Stephanus Evodius As sera'anus & Joseph SimoniusAssemanus, Bibliothecae Apostollcae YaticanaeCodicum Cataloeus in tres partes distributus . Rome

1926, vols. I-III. Cited as Assemanus.

6.- Codex 283 is described by Assemanus in v. I, p. 250-

.51. Of our manuscript he says: "nemini, quod

sciara, cognitus ."

7. Giovanni Bernardo de Rossi, HSS Codices HebralciBibliothecae I. 3. de Rossi . Parma 1803. furthercited as de Rossi.The compendium .is described in v. I, p. 26; codex1230 in v. Ill, p. 110-12.

'

3. de Rossi, v. Ill, p. 110-12.

9. lioritz Steinschneider, "Die Hebraeischen Handschriftender K. Hof- und Staatsblbliothek in Muenchen . Muni ch

1875. : ".

Henceforth quoted as Steinschneider, kunich.

10. Steinschneider, ITunich , p. 5-6;.

•

11. ib. p. 25.

12.. lb. p. 26-27.

13. ib. P. 61.

14. ib. p. 150-53.

237

1.5. Ad. Neubauer. Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts '

in the Bodleian Library and in the College Librariesof Oxford. Oxford 1886.,

Henceforth as Keubauer.For codex 1630 cf. col. 568-69; cf . also M.

: . Steinschneider, Oatalogus Librorum Hebraeorum inBibliotheca Bodleiana . Berlin 193.1, v.<il, col.1352-55. Henceforth as Steinschneider, Bod . ; thesame codex is also mentioned in J. 0. Wolff'sBibliothecae Hebraeae, v. XII, p. 817-818. Furtherreferred to as Wolff.

16.. Neubauer, col. 767.

17. From a photostat of the manuscript, lent to me by•Dr. Altmann from his private collection.

18. Morltz Steinschneider,.Oatalogus Oodicum Hebraeorum

" Bibliothecae Academiae Lugduno-Batavae . Leyden1858.. Henceforth as Steinschneider. Leyden .

Codex Sealleer 13 is described on p. 357-62.See also Wolff, p.. 817.

19. Steinschneider, Leyden . p. 359-60.

2.0. G. 3 chol em, Oatalogus Oodicum Hebraicorum auotconservantur in Bibliotheca Hiero sol yraitana . .

.

•pars prima; Cabbala .

Jerusalem 1930. Cf. p.. 61-62.Quoted further as S chol em. Cat. J .

21. Assemanus, p. 161-63. Microfilm at Brand eis University.

22. Adolph Jellinek, Moses Ben Shem-Tob de Leon und seinVerhaltnisz zum Sohar . Leipzig 1851., p. 42.. Hence-forth as Jellinek.Steinschneider, Bod., col. 1855 ad 3.R. Abba ben S^lomo Bum si a =• from Bunzlau (Bohemia)

.

23. Jellinek, p. 9 ff . ; Steinschneider, Bod ., col. 1852ff.;Wolff, p. 817.

24. On the question of the So doth cf . paragraph on theproblem of authorship.

25. A photostat of a copy from the Library in Copenhagen.The book is in quarto and carries the signaturesA-Q4, Q4 blank. No pagination.

26. Jellinek, p. 11.

27. ib., p. 41-43.

238

23. lb., p. 11-12. Of. the edition of Abkat Rokhel .

Warsaw, 1876.

29. f.lr, lines 2-3, and f.2v, line 16.

30. f.lr, lines 22-23, and f.2v, lines 23-24 ("I dividedthis book according to the parts of the mystery offaith and Torah, '. in the light of the pure Menorah")

31. cf. Introduction of the editor in the Sasel editionof 1608; cf. also de Rossi, p. 112.

32. Steinschneider, Munich , p. 6.

33. Assemanus,. v. I, p. 250-251 . It is interesting to

note that Assemanus describes the same material aspart of the Latin translation of the Sefer ha-Mishkal(codex 191) under authorship of Moses de Leon. Thematerial is part six of the Latin codex. He was notaware of the identity of content.Of. Assemanus, v. I, p. 161-163.

34. G. S chol em, Ma .lor Trends in Jewish Mysticism .

New York 1 941

.

Of . p. 194 ff. Henceforth quoted as MT.

35. Steinschneider, Munich , p. 153: "wlrd irrthumlichAlles dem Jos. Gikatilla beigelegt ."; Steinschneider

,

Leyden , p. 360; " auctore sine dublo eodem Mose deLeon ", followed in this by Bernheimer ( vide supraTnote 4)

.

36. Steinschneider, Leyden . p. 360: "unde scriba (cf.

colophon at the end of the manuscript in Seal. 13)

eas quoque ad opus praeced . (i.e. Sefer ha-Mlshkal )

pertinere putavit .. . quocum etiam in aliis Codd.occurrunt, et nonnullae (inter alias multas etquidem sordide) editae sunt ". For Steinschneider 1 s

controversy with Jellinek who considered the Sodotha part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal . cf . Steinschneider,Bod . , col. 1853.

37. Jellikek gives his reasons for the Sodoth as partof the S ef er ha-Ml shkal on p. 10, o.c .

38. Steinschneider, 3od . , col. 1853.

39. -Jellinek, p. 10: " da die Kenntnisz der menschlichenSeele die Vorhalleder hoheren Gaosis und der Mystikdes Gesetzes bilde ..."

40. Vide supra , and Jellinek, p. 20.

139

41. The text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in the MSS ( N ),

( 3X), ( 39), ( >ib5, ( na), and (0) Is followedimmediately by Joseph's Gikatilla's Sod Batsheba ;

in (-KS)) by the Sefer ha-Mitsvoth of Gikatilla.

42. 0. S chol em, Eine unbekannte mystische SchriftdesMose de Leon , in MGWJ, v. 71 (1927), p. t.1 2 ff.

43. For a comparison of the two ideologies concerningthe mystery of evil in Moses de Leon and JosephC-ikatilla, cf . MT, p. 238-39.

44. J2I* Assemanus, p. 162.

45. e.g. Sefer ha-Mishkal , f.26v, line' 11 and f.43v,line 3.

46. Of. Sefer ha-Mishkal , f.2v, lines 17-18.

47. On Moses de Leon's Hebrew writings. see KT, p. 192ff. In a margin note of the'copist in the Leydenmanuscript the following other works by Moses de Leonare mentioned: Sefer ha-Pardes . Sefer ha-Rimon ,

Sefer Or Zarua and Sefer Perush Koheleth . The notereads as follows:

mmn »a"n innsa 011E> ixip tbo nan nanon fit *5M

*nyo cns> *n»in 1DD nan oa .no ni t»i d^s "in.

o>xa xin Dixriff an9> SHIT UK ISO lan oa .'niiian

'93 rfrnp *9 nan oa ,*13 nsi'>» xaan -noa o»ort .oia»n i»»3yi naaran no bits ocn moan

The book Sefer ha-Pardes is mentioned in the Seferha-Mishkal f.37v line 12. The book is also mentionedin Moses de Leon's She'eloth u-teshuvoth . published

. by I. Tishby in Kobez Al J ad , v. V (XV), Jerusalem1950. Cf. p. 31.

48. Besides the Sefer ha-Mishkal and the Shekel ha-Kodesh .

also Moses de Leon's She'eloth u-teshuvoth have beenpublished by I. Tishby, cf. supra , note 47. Acritical text of Mpses de Leon's Maskiot Kesef wasthe subject of my master's thesis. Copies are inBrandeis University (Sept. of Near Eastern Judaic.Studies), and in New York at the National Foundationfor Jewish Culture)

49. Concerning the relationship of Moses de Leon'swritings to the Zohar cf. Jellinek, o.c G. Scholem,MT, chapter 5, p. 156 ff. and I. Tishby, Mishnat ha-Zohar, Jerusalem 1957, v. I, p. 28 ff. Of. alsoM. Sachs's remark in Lie religiose Poesle der Juden

240

in Spanlen . Berlin, 1901, p. 327: "Aus diesemDurcheinandergahren, aus neufabricierten undgeheimgehaltensn fruheren Schriften mystlschenInhaltes gingTas GebraVi der Kabbalah und auch wohlder Sohar hervor. R. Mo.se de Leon, der nach einemunverdaohtlgen. spacer in der Zelt der herrschendenAutoritat dieses Bucb.es gewaltsam unterdrttckt.en

Zeugnisse geradezu der Verfasser desselben genanntwird, lebte etc 7* Well aware of a unity in contentbetween Moses deLeon's Hebrew writings and theZohar, Sachs had hardly any appreciation for theirsubstance!For the relation between the Sefer ha-Mishkal and theZohar see also the references to the sources in thecritical edition of the text in this thesis.

50. MT, p. 240-43; cf. also R. J. Z. Werblowsky, Philoand the Zohar . ih: JJS, v. 10 (1959), p. 25-44; ib.

p. 113-135, who emphasizes the basical correspondencein ideas between the Zohar and the Sefer ha-Mishkalin these articles.

51. Werblowsky, o .

c

. , p. 37-41, and p. 113.

52. On the anti-philosophic tendencies and polemics of

Moses de Leon, cf. Jellinek, p. 44; Werblowsky, o^.

,

. P. 31.

53.. 0. Scholem mentions Moses de Leon's. anti-Karaitetendencies in his article Sine unbekannte mystischeSchrift des Mose de Leon in MGFJ, v. 71 (1927), cf.

$.~tw. :

54. On Moses de Leon's doctrine of man cf. AlexanderAltmann, The Delphic Maxim in Medieval Islam andJudaism , in Biblical and other Studies . Philip W.

Lown Institute of Advanced Judaic Studies, BrandeisUniversity. Studies and Texts: v. I. Cambridge1963, p. 210 ff.

55. On the tripartite soul and the platonic idea of"the highest soul" cf. MT, p. 240-43.

56. The significance of the word "mishkal" and "shekel"is seen from the Zohar , v. 1,33/b. Cf. alsoShekel ha-Kodesh (ed. Greenup, London 1911), P.. 102where is spoken about the wise of Greece who- knewthe secret of "the Balance (mishkal ) of Wisdo»".On the name Sefer ha-Mishkal and Sefer ha-Hefeshha-Hakhamah see Steinschneider, Munich, p. 151, andSteinschneider, Bod., col. 1853; Wolff, p. 817; deRossi, p, 111. .Jellinek observes that the double titlesis a peculiarity of Moses de Leon, cf . JellinfelC, p. 9;44-46..

241

1 .

2.

3--

4.

D .

O.

7.

8.

9.

1

11.

12.

13.

14.

13.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Notes relating to Part III

Cf. the introduction to this thesis (Part I).

Sefer ha-Mishkal , f.lv, lines 16-17-

ib., lines 22-25.

ib. f.2r, lines 18-20; *ian win m>yo nmo rayThe word "nann" appears in most manuscripts. The

meaning is rather problematic. The soul is describedas a micro -model of. the Sefiroth and the Creator.

It could mean perhaps "the matter of the mysteriesof the degrees of the effigy etc." The word

refers in my opinion to this mystery of "liveliness"

.

See also f .22v, line 22 and f.27v, line 9.

ib.

ib.

ib.

*£•

ib.

ib.

*£•

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

f.2v

f.lr

f .2r

f.lv

f .2v

f.3v

f .4r

f.4v

f.5r

f.5v

f.6r

f.6v

f.6v

f.7r

f.7v

f.8r

f.8v

lines 13-15.

line 25.

lines 20-22.

lines 14-15.

lines 20-24.

lines 18-20.

lines 1-10.

lines 15-18.

lines 7-9.

line 1

.

line £.

lines 1-8.

lines 14-17.

lines 6-8.

lines 10-12.

lines 10-15.

±^. i.u.w., lines 21-22. The expression " y3Dn ,>ya "

,

the natural philosophers, is a frequently used, term.

in this work.

242

22. "Let us return to our subject" is one of the. typicalstandard expressions in Moses.de Leon, who likes to

digress from his subject,, though he also promisesto "be short" or "indicate the mystery in conciseallusions" ! .

23. An "alcheson" is defined "oy M. Jastrow, ADictionary of the Targumisu The Talmud Babli andYerushalmi, and Midrashic Literature , New York 1950,v. I, p. 70, as the diameter of a square having as.

its basic length .1 2/5 cubits.

24. Sefer ha-i^ishkal . f.10r, lines 9-1 4-.

2-". lb., f.lOr, lines 1 5-1 9. See also the Talmud ,

Jebamot 61/a and Baba Metsia 114/b. Talmud Babli ,

cited henceforth as TB.

26. TB, Berakhot 18/b; Sanhedrin 108/a. Of. also Job14,22.

27. £uK. ( Sefer ha-Mishkal ) f.1~2r, lines 19-20. Comparewith the Zohar , v. I l)6/a. About the doctrine of thegarment of the soul see G. Scholem, Tarbitg , v. 24,

p. 290-306, and m, .p. 242.

28. T3, Sukkah 4;5/b; Sanhedrin 97/b; Jebamot 49/b.

29. S.M . f.15r and f.15v. Compare with Shekel ha-Kodesh ,

edition Greenup, p. 102.

30. SjM. f.15v, lines 5-6.

31. ib. , f.1or, line 3; TB, Jebamot 109/b.

32. i-lidrash Bereshit Rabah 4,7; Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer3; TB, Pesahim 54/a.

33. TB, Joma 21/b.

34. A reference to the idea that the Torah is the lightof the righteous ( Or zarua le-tsadik ) ? Of; Ps.97,11.-

35. SJi. , f.lSr, lines 1-8.

36. TB, Rosh Hashanah 18/a.

37. TB, Joma 39/a."

38. ib. , Sanhedrin 90/a.

39. ib., 38/b.

243

40. TB, Hagiga 13/a.

41 . .SjjM. f .22v, line 5.

42. ib., f.25r, lines 8-21. With the temple to wherethe soul ascends is perhaps meant the Sefirah Bin.ah .

43. ib.,.f.26r, lines 5-17. See introduction on thetitle: Sefer ha-Mishkal and Shekel ha-Kodesh .

44. SjMr.-f.26v, lines' 1-5.

45. ib., f.48r, lines 9-10.

46. Deut. 32,39; Ez. 37, 12-14; Dan. 12,2; Ps. 104,29-30.

47. Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews , Philadelphia1955. v.V, p. 8TT "The assertion. . .that the soul.

is fastened to the spine is probably related to theold view, according to which a part of the spine...is indestructible, and will, in the time ofresurrection furnish the material out of which thehuman body will be quickened." Cf. ib. p. 184(note 44), and v. I, p. 163.

48. SjM. , f.29r, lines 19-22.

49. Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer 34; Tana debe Eliyahu Rabba 5;3ereshlt Rabah 96,7; Tanhuma Tfayehi 13.

"°- SjM. , ,f.29r, line 24 - f.29v, line 12.

51. ib., f.29v, lines 18-20. .

52. TB, Sanhedrin 97/a.'

53. TB, Avodah Zarah 5/a. cf. Ginzberg, o.c. . v. V,

p. 75* ?ke expression "guf" refers to the storehouseof the pre-existent souls. See also Werblowsky,PMlo and the Zohar , in. JJS. v. 10, (1959), p. 114.

54. S.M ., f.33r, lines 19-25..

5-5. TB, Sotah 17/a; Menahot 43/b; Hulin 89/a.

56. An allusion to the Throne - Merkabah symbolism. Theone who is seated on the Throne is the same "whorides the Merkabah.."S.M .. f.3~r, line 19.

57. TB, Berakhot 28/a. .

244

58. 'S.M.. f.35v, line 1.

59. Of. Zohar I 13b-l4/a.

60 • £L2i' f-37r, lines 1-$.

61. ib.,.f.39r, lines 13-15.

62. The word PARSES contained an allusion to the four -

methods of interpretation. P - Peshat - the literalmeaning; R - Remez - the allegorical meaning;D - Jerush - homolitic, moral meaning; S - Sod -

mystical (kabbalistic) meaning.

63. Sjjl. , f.33, lines 20-22.

64. ib. , f.38v, lines 13-14.

65. ib. , f.39r, lines 4-6.

66. ib., f,39v, lines 9-10. On the Merkabah mysticismcf. MT, chapter 2, p. 40 ff ; also G. Scholem,Jewish Gnosticism. Merkabah Mysticism, and TalmudicTradition . New York 1960, in particular ch. 4

(p. 20ff), and ch. 8 (p. t:6ff ) .

67. Of. Sefer Maskiot Kesef . p. 13 in my master's thesisfor Brandeis University. The three points to whichMoses de Leon here alludes (Hokhmah, Tlf ' eret ,

Malkuth ) perhaps represent also the three vowel points(Hoi em. Shurek. Hirek ) as he explains in the MaskiotKesef .

68.. SJtf. , f.42r, line 17.

69. ib. , f.44r, lines 1 1 -2>.

70. ib., f ,45r, lines 8-24.

71. ib., f.4gv, lines 2 ff.

72. ib., f.45v, line 14. The "sons of the West"referred to, are perhaps the rabbis of Israel (cf

.

TB, Berakhot 4/b)

.

73. S.M ., f.46r, line 13 ff.

74. ib., f.47b, line 11 ff.

75. ib., f.48r, line 20 ff.

76. TB, Megilah 13/a.

245

77. ibidem

78. • For the mystery of the Circumcision cf. S.M ., .

f .49y.

line 7 ff. The relationship between Abraham and

Ezechiel is explained ib. , f.49v, line 24 - f.bOr,

line 10.

79. ib. , f.51r, line 24 ff

80. Kidrash Bereshit Rabah 10.,

81

.

See above under the mystery of the Sabbath.

82.. The mystery of the Levirate marriage cf. S.M.

,

£.52vl

, line 18 ff.

83. ib. , f.54r, line 23 ff.

84. The mystery of the Meat and Milk, lb.-, f.57v,line 20 ff.

85. ib., f.58r, line 16 - f.65r,'line 1.

86. ib., f.57v, lines 24-25.

87. ib., f.60r, lines 2-3.

88. TB,' J.oma- 69/b.

89. S.M .. f.64r, line 25.

90. • TB, Shabbath 55/a.

246

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—

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