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Hamsa GitaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hamsa Gita (Sanskrit) (also referred to as Uddhava Gita) consists of K rishna's final discourse to

Uddhava before Krishna draws his worldly 'descent' (Sanskrit: avatar ) and 'pastimes' (Sanskrit: lila) to

completion. Though the Uddhava Gita is often published singularly as a stand-alone work, it is also

evident in the Eleventh Canto of the Bhagavata Purana commencing from verse 40 section 6 through tothe end of section 29, comprising more than 1000 'verses' (Sanskrit: shloka) and is considered part of the

Purana literature proper.[1] This discourse importantly contains the story of an Avadhuta and though it

does not state explicitly the name of this personage within the section or the Bhagavata Purana as a

whole, Vaishnava tradition and the greater Sanatana Dharma auspice ascribe this agency to Dattatreya.

Contents

1 Manuscripts and textual notes

2 Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

3 English discourse

3.1 English renderings

4 Primary resources

4.1 Sanskrit

4.2 English

5 Notes

6 References

7 External cites

Manuscripts and textual notes

The names Uddhava Gita and Hamsa Gita are popularly interchangeable but Hamsa Gita also

specifically denotes (xi. 13- 16) a subset of the Uddhava Gita and the Bhagavata Purana proper. [2]

Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

Hamsa Gita (Sanskrit) (also referred to as Uddhava Gita) where the hamsa is a metaphor for theParamahamsa as well as a natural teacher of grace evident in nature. The hamsa ( हस , in Sanskrit and

often written hansa) is a swan or goose, often considered to be the mute swan (Cygnus olor ), but is

really the bar-headed goose ( Anser indicus). It is used in Indian culture as a symbol and a decorative

element. The term 'gītā' (literally "song" in Sanskrit; Devanagari: गीता ).

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English discourse

Tigunait (2002: pp.39-45) render the narrative of the 24 teachers of Dattatreya in the Uddhava Gita into

English.[3] Though the consensus of scholars hold the Bhagavata Purana to be a composite work of the

oral tradition of many mouths, the Vaishnava tradition as well as the Bhagavata Purana itself uphold

that it was scribed by Vyasadeva.[4] That said, the narrator of the Hamsa Gita is the sage Shuka, son of

Vyasadeva.[5]

It is important to note that even if the work is composite, that it "...does not show the lack of cohesion or compactness that must mark the work handled by many writers..." says Upadhyaya in the

Forward to Brown & Saraswati (2000: p.8) and then Upadhyaya moreover opines that whosoever the

poet of the Hamsa Gita and the Bhagavata Purana may be that "[h]ere is a poet who uses pattern and

metaphor in a complex craftsmanship to create a ritual of celebration."[6] Haigh (2007: p.127) in his

opening paragraph to his work on the Uddhava Gita frames its import as a model of environmental

education:

Sri Dattatreya, who Lord Krishna quotes in The Uddhava Gita, has been evoked as a guru

for environmental education. Sri Dattatreya gained enlightenment by observing the world,which provided Him with 24 instructors. These taught Him the futility of mundane

attachments, the benefits of contemplation and forebearance [sic], and a path towards the

spiritual self-realization of the Supreme. Sri Dattatreya, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu,

features in several Puranas where His teachings involve direct challenges to the pretensions

and prejudices of the learner. His core message is "never judge by surface appearances but

always seek a deeper Truth": the Earth is sacred, an aspect of God, and a puzzle that

challenges the spiritual self to awaken to its true nature.[7]

Paramahamsa (2008: unpaginated) arrays a suite of Gita literature enshrined and subsumed within theauspice of the Srimad Bhagavata and holds that they are all songs of Monism:

"The Gitas that find place in Srimad Bhagavata such as the Uddhava-Gita, the Rudra-Gita,

the Bhikshu-Gita, the Sruti-Gita, the Hamsa-Gita propound Monism as the essence of their

philosophy."[8]

English renderings

Upadhyaya, in the Foreword to Brown & Saraswati (2000: p.8) holds that Saraswati (that is

Ambikananda) who herself is a sannyasin and took this ashrama from a very young age, writes thus:

Swami Ambikananda's success in rendering the work into metrical composition is a tribute

to the versatility of Sanskrit and the lucidity of the original writing. The method of her

translation is marked by two considerati ons. She has sought to find close equivalents,

keeping in view both the formal and dynamic aspects of the language; and her interpretative

translation aims at complete naturalness of expression, pointing the reader to the modes of

behaviour within the context of his or her own culture.[9]

Sarasvati in Brown and Sarasvati (2000: p.14) holds that it was both Venkatesananda (1921 - 1982) and

his guruji Sivananda (1887 - 1963) that opened her heart to this work:

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It was Swami Sivananda and Swami Venkatesananda who opened my heart to this sacred

text, and their teaching that enabled me to undertake this translation, which attempts to

convey its message to all spiritual seekers. [10]

Primary resources

Sanskrit

Uddhava Gita @ Wikisource in Devanagari Unicode(http://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)Hamsa Gita @ Wikisource in Devanagari Unicode(http://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)

English

The Uddhava Gita by International Gita Society - PDF version (http://www.gita-society.com/scriptures/THEUDDHAVAGITA.IGS.pdf)

Notes

1. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor, author) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.

Frances Lincoln Ltd. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati

Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit University, New Delhi. Source: [1]

(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-

srMWYhV0IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false)

(accessed: Monday march 8, 2010)

2. Ramanand Vidya Bhawan (n.d.). The Indian historical quarterly. Volume 2, Issues 3-4. Ramanand Vidya

Bhawan. Source: [2] (http://books.google.com.au/books?

id=9i0KAQAAIAAJ&q=hamsa+gita&dq=hamsa+gita&ei=lPaUS6zcKY6alATOjYzfAQ&client=opera&cd=2)

(accessed: Tuesday March 9, 2010) p.537

3. Tigunait, Rajmani (2002). The Himalayan Masters: A Living Tradition. Himalayan Institute Press . ISBN 0-

89389-227-0, ISBN 978-0-89389-227-2. Source: [3] (http://books.google.com.au/books?

id=gukW2iojhrQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ashtavakra+Gita&source=gbs_book_similarbooks#v=onep

age&q=&f=false) (accessed: Friday March 19, 2010)4. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor, author) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.

Frances Lincoln Ltd. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit

University, New Delhi. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. Source: [4]

(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-srMWYhV0IC&q=dattatreya#v=onepage&q=avadhuta&f=false)

(accessed: Monday March 8, 2010), p.8

5. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor, author) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.

Frances Lincoln Ltd. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit

University, New Delhi. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. Source: [5]

(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-

srMWYhV0IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Manisha+Wilmette+Brown&source=bl&ots=c0D96MsOF6&sig=-

qyH6wNpAw44dCeCuC459SXV5ws&hl=en&ei=G9qUS4iXNcqLkAXrpqmcDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false) (accessed: Monday March 8, 2010), p.17

6. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor, author) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.

Frances Lincoln Ltd. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit

University, New Delhi. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. Source: [6]

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(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-srMWYhV0IC&q=dattatreya#v=onepage&q=avadhuta&f=false)

(accessed: Monday March 8, 2010)

7. Haigh, Martin (2007). 'Sri Dattatreya's 24 Gurus: Learning from the World in Hindu Tradition'. Canadian

Journal of Environmental Education; Volume 12, Number 1, 2007. Source: [7]

(http://cjee.lakeheadu.ca/index.php/cjee/article/view/627/518) (accessed: Monday March 8, 2010), p.127

8. Paramahamsa, K. R. (2008). Ekam SAT 5. TotalRecall Publications, Incorporated. ISBN 1-59095-873-X,

9781590958735 Source: [8] (http://www.trcb.com/religion/hinduism/introduction-to-hamsa-gita-962.htm)

(accessed: Monday March 8, 2010)

9. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.Frances Lincoln Ltd. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati

Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit University, New Delhi. Source: [9]

(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-srMWYhV0IC&q=dattatreya#v=onepage&q=dattatreya&f=false)

(accessed: Monday March 8, 2010)

10. Brown, Manisha Wilmette (editor) & Saraswati, Ambikananda (translator) (2000). The Uddhava Gita.

Frances Lincoln Ltd. ISBN 0-7112-1616-9, ISBN 978-0-7112-1616-7. With a Forward by Prof. Vachaspati

Upadhyaya, Vice Chancellor, Lal Bahadur Sanskrit University, New Delhi. Source: [10]

(http://books.google.com.au/books?id=1-srMWYhV0IC&q=dattatreya#v=onepage&q=&f=false) (accessed:

Monday March 8, 2010), p.14

References

Haigh, Martin (2007). 'Sri Dattatreya's 24 Gurus: Learning from the World in Hindu Tradition'.Canadian Journal of Environmental Education; volume 12, number 1, 2007: pp.127-142. Source:[11] (http://cjee.lakeheadu.ca/index.php/cjee/article/view/627/518) (accessed: Monday March 8,2010)Paramahamsa, K. R. (2008). Ekam SAT 5. TotalRecall Publications, Incorporated. ISBN 1-59095-873-X, 9781590958735 Source: [12] (http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ify9OQAACAAJ&dq=K.+R.+Paramahamsa+hamsa+gita&ei=LMmUS_qNDYTmlASfltGSBA&client=opera&cd=1) (accessed: Monday March 8, 2010)

External cites

[13] (http://www.scribd.com/doc/22837537/A-Quintessence-of-Uddhava-Gita-pdf)Read the Uddhava Gita English translation. (http://www.astrojyoti.com/bhagavatam11b.htm)

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