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HAND-HOLDINGcumINTERACTIONSESSIONon
ConceptofZeroLiquidDischarge(ZLD)A Presentation by
JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDon
24th September, 2019SAVEWATERSAVEEARTH
MOTTO OF THE BOARD
“MOVING FROM CONSENT TO COMPLIANCE WITH TRANSPARENCY”
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Need for Water Conservation qIndia has more than 18 percent of the world’s population but has only 4percent of world’s renewable water resources with 2.4 percent of world’s landarea.
q India with a growing population and rising needs of a fast developing nation aswell as the given indicators of the impact of climate change per capitaavailability of water is likely to go down from 1545 cubic metre per year in 2011to 1341 cubic metre per year in 2025.
qAlso region wise it varies from 10 cm rainfall in Rajasthan to 1000 cm in NorthEastern Region. There are further limits on utilizable quantities of water owingto uneven distribution over time, as 75 percent of annual rainfall is received injust four months.
qThe increasing demand of water for various purposes will further strain withthe possibility of deepening water conflicts among different user groups asdrinking water need is going to rise by 44 percent, irrigation need by 10 percent,industry need by 81 percent respectively by 2025.
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ZLD APPLICABLE FOR???
qPulp&PaperindustryqTanneriesqPharmaceuticalsandDrugindustriesqTextileIndustries.qThermalPowerPlantsqIron&SteelIndustryqDistilleriesqSugarindustriesqRiceMills,etc..
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DEFINITION OF ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE (ZLD)
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) refers to:q ZLD – meaning Zero Discharge of wastewater from Industries.qA ZLD system involves a range of advanced wastewatertreatment technologies to recycle, recovery and re-use of the‘treated’ wastewater and thereby ensure there is no discharge ofwastewater to the environment.
q Installation of facilities and system which will enable industrialeffluent for absolute recycling of permeate and converting solute(dissolved organic and in-organic compounds/salts) into residuein the solid form by adopting method of concentration andthermal evaporation.
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Contd.
ZLDwillberecognizedandcertifiedbasedontwobroadparameters:
q Waterconsumptionversuswastewaterre-usedorrecycled(permeate).
q Correspondingsolidsrecovered(percenttotaldissolved/suspendedsolidsineffluents).
A typical ZLD system comprises of the following components:q Pre-treatment ( Physico-chemical & Biological)q Reverse Osmosis (Membrane Processes)q Evaporator & Crystallizer (Thermal Process)
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Schematicdiagram:
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Need for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) - 1
Presently,themajordriversforusingZLDare:üEnvironmental regulationsüWater scarcity /water stress growing world-wide.ü Negligible rate of waste water recycling.ü Economics: recycled water becomes more affordable as thewater supply from conventional sources becomes moreexpensive.
ü Growing social responsibility and education towards awarenessof environmental issues.
üWhile ZLD cost is high in most cases, it might be a moreeconomic solution when waste needs to be transported in largevolumes over long distances
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Need for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)- 2qMost polluting industries such as Pharma, Pulp& Paper,Tanneries, Textile Dyeing, Chemicals , Power Plants etcgenerate wastewater with high salinity/TDS.
qConventional ‘Physico-chemical-biological’ treatment doesnot remove salinity in the treated effluent.
qDischarge of saline but treated wastewater pollutesground and surface waters.
qMost of the districts of Jharkhand are now water stressedincluding Ranchi.
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Benefits of ZLD - 1qInstalling ZLD technology is beneficial for the plant’s watermanagement-• encouraging close monitoring of water usage,• avoiding wastage• promotes recycling by conventional and far less expensivesolutions.
q High recovery of water (>90-95%) and recovering of several byproducts from the salt.
qA more sustainable growth of the industry.q Ease in meeting most stringent regulatory norms.qReduction in water demand from the Industry frees up water forAgriculture and Domestic demands.
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Benefits of ZLD - 2qMixed solvent separated in stripper can be reusedor used as AFR / Co-processing.
qEase in getting environmental permissions.qMore focus on production/ business rather thantracking after regulatory authorities
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The ZLD process: key stepsqInvolvesarangeofadvancedwatertreatmenttechnologies.qPre-treatment:Wastewaterisfilteredusingmembranestechnologiessuchasultra-filtration.Separatedwaterisreusedandaconcentrate(pollutedstream)isfurthertreated.
qEvaporation:Theconcentratethenentersabrineconcentratorwhichisamechanicalevaporatorusingacombinationofheatandvaporcompression,resultinginawetsludge.
qCrystallization:Convertsthesludgetosolidwasteusinghighpressuresteam.Anyremainingwateriscleanenoughforreuse.
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Contd.qA common ZLD approach is to concentrate the wastewaterthrough well designed multiple membrane systems and thendispose of it as a liquid brine or further crystallize the brineto a solid.
q A typical evaporator uses tube-style heat exchangers. Theevaporated water is recovered and recycled while the brineis concentrated to a higher solids concentration.
q Concentrated brine treatment is done in a crystallizingsystem, such as Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD) or a spraydryer. Crystallized solids in most of the cases is categorized ashazardous waste and disposed off periodically.
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ApplicationsofTreatedWasteWaterThepotentialapplicationsforreuseoftreatedwastewaterare:qIndustrial cooling especially in large industrial enterprises.qReuse in watering lawns, parks, playgrounds and trees.q Preparation of lime slurry for ETPqMechanic seal of pumpsqScrubbing media in water scrubbersqIndustrial washing operations& (decontamination of drums/barrels/ plastic bags etc
qBoiler feed water particularly for generating steam for MEE
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CONCLUSION:q ZLD is a Technological Challenge, and the focus must be onZero Waste Disposal(ZWD).
q Extensive research and piloting necessary for every singlecase for Technology selection and financial viability.
qBrine Concentration, Evaporation & Crystallization anddisposal still a major issue. Focus must be on recovery andreuse of salt .
qWater Scarcity, Water economics and regulatory pressureare the main drivers of ZLD and will determine financialviability.
What is JSPCB looking for???• Thereisaneedtoinculcatehabitofselfmonitoringwithintheindustriesforcomplyingwiththeprescribedstandards.• ForstrengtheningthemonitoringandcompliancethroughselfregulatorymechanismOnlineContinuousEffluentMonitoringSystem(OCEMS)needtobeinstalledandoperatedbyindustrieson“polluterspayprinciple”.• WearegoingtointroducemandatoryOnlineContinuousEffluentMonitoringSystem(OCEMS)fromNovember2019.• Flowmeterandwebcamerabeinstalledinunitsattended/claimtoattendZeroLiquidDischarge.
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PENALTY FOR NON COMPLIANCE•Penalty under The Environment Protection Act, 1986 :-As per Section-15, sub-section-1 :-ØImprisonment for a term which may extend to five years
orØFine which may extend to one lakh rupees,
orØBoth.
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PENALTY FOR NON COMPLIANCEAs per Section-15, sub-section-2 :- If the failure continuesbeyond a period of one year after the date of conviction,the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for aterm which may extend to seven years.• Environmental Compensation :- A EnvironmentalCompensation will be imposed by JSPCB from the noncomplying units as per the Hon’ble National GreenTribunal (NGT) directions.
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GRANT OF CTE / CTO
•Visitthewebsiteofthesinglewindowhttps://advantage.jharkhand.gov.in/SingleWindow/
•Applywithfeesandrequireddocuments
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CONTACT PERSONName:-Mr.D.P.Singh,Env.Engineer.,JSPCBContactNo:- 9431371137Name:Mr.ASHUTOSH,C.E.(HQ),JSPCBContactNo:- 7004990948Email:- [email protected]:- www.jspcb.nic.in
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