Edited by Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS Co-edited by Peter M. Murray, MD

HANDSURGERYUPDATE V

Copyright ©2011 by American Society for Surgery of the Hand6300 North River Road, Suite 600Rosemont, IL 60018-4256

Published by American Society for Surgery of the Hand.All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copy-right owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and review. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duets as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above mentioned copyright

ISBN: 978-1-935121-11-4Library of Congress Control Number: 2011910687

Printed in the USA10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors, omissions or for any consequences from application of the in-formation in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioners.

The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure at drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for adding warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.

Some drugs and medical devices presented in this book have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.

Developmental Editors: Kevin C. Chung, MD and Peter M. Murray, MDExecutive Director: Mark C. Anderson, CAEPublishing Director: Tara HavengaCover Design: Jennifer HanaszCompositor: Bookmasters

American Society for Surgery of the Hand iii

To my uncle (Rin Kei-Mei) and my aunt (Rin Chen Su-Jen)

— Kevin C. Chung, MD

I would like to dedicate my work in memory of my mother and father, Charles E. Murray, Jr and Katherine D. Murray, whose love and support made my career possible.

— Peter M. Murray, MD

American Society for Surgery of the Hand v

ContributorsEdward Akelman, MDProfessor and Vice ChairmanWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, RI

Mansour Alvi, MDUniversity of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada

James Andry, MDChief ResidentSt. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital CenterNew York, NY

Edward A. Athanasian, MDHospital for Special SurgeryNew York, NY

Kodi Azari, MD, FACSAssociate ProfessorChief, Section of Reconstrucive TransplantationDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA

Donald S. Bae, MDAssistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard

Medical School; Associate in Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston Institution

Children’s Hospital BostonBoston, MA

Mark E. Baratz, MDAttendingAllegheny General HospitalPittsburgh, PA

Andrea S. Bauer, MDFellow, Pediatric Hand SurgeryShriners Hospital for Children, Northern CaliforniaSacramento, CA

Joseph M. Bellapianta, MDAssistant Fellowship DirectorPlancher Orthopaedics & Sports MedicineCos Cob, CT and New York, NY

Kyle D. Bickel, MD, FACS Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of

Plastic Surgery The Hand Center of San Francisco, San

Francisco, CA University of California, San Francisco, CA

Randip R. Bindra, MD, FRCSHand Fellowship DirectorLoyola University Health SystemMaywood, IL

Travis Blood, MS IIResearch AssociateOrthopaedic Foundation for Active Lifestyles Cos Cob, CT and New York, NY

David J. Bozentka, MDChief Department of Orthopedic SurgeryPenn Presbyterian Medical CenterPhiladelphia, PA

Jeffrey E. Budoff, MDClinical Associate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at

Houston Medical SchoolHouston, TX

John T. Capo, MDProfessor, Department of OrthopaedicsChief, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery

UMDNJNew Jersey Medical School Newark, NJ

Brian T. Carlsen, MDAssistant Professor of Plastic SurgeryConsultant, Division of Hand Surgery and

Plastic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochester, MN

vi American Society for Surgery of the Hand

Contributors

Michelle G. Carlson, MDAssociate Attending Orthopaedic SurgeonHospital for Special SurgeryNew York, NYAssociate Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY

Louis W. Catalano, III, MDCV Starr Hand Surgery CenterSt. Luke’s-Roosevelt HospitalNew York, NY

Benjamin Chang, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical SurgeryDivision of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA

James Chang, MDChief, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryProfessor of Surgery (Plastic Surgery) & Orthopedic

SurgeryStanford University Medical CenterPalo Alto, CA

Neal C. Chen, MDPhiladelphia Hand Center, PCKing Of Prussia, PA

Ying Chi, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDivision of Hand Upper Extremity and

MicrosurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati Academic Health CenterCincinnati, OH

Kevin C. Chung, MD, MSCharles B.G. de Nancrede Professor in SurgerySection of Plastic Surgery, Department of SurgeryAssistant Dean for Faculty AffairsAssociate Director for Global REACHUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI

Mark S. Cohen, MDDirector, Hand and Elbow SectionDirector, Orthopaedic EducationRush University Medical CenterChicago, IL

Patrick D. Combs, MDSeattle, WA

Cari L. Cordell, MD

Randall W. CulpPhiladelphia Hand Center, PCKing Of Prussia, PA

Catherine Curtin, MDAssistant Professor of Plastic SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo Alto, CA

A. Rashard Dacus, MDAssistant Program DirectorUniversity of Virginia Department of OrthopaedicsCo-Program DirectorCombined Plastics/Orthopaedics Hand FellowshipCharlottesville, VA

Lars B. Dahlin, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö—Hand

Surgery, Lund UniversityMalmö, SwedenSenior ConsultantDepartment of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden

Charles S. Day, MD, MBAChief, Hand Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAssociate Professor in Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA

E. Gene Deune, MD, MBAAssociate Professor Johns Hopkins Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCo-Director Hand Surgery DivisionJohns Hopkins Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery/

MicrosurgeryBaltimore, MD

American Society for Surgery of the Hand vii

Contributors

Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MDNYU—HJD Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNew York, NY

William Dzwierzynski, MD, FACSProfessorMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI

Marybeth Ezaki, MDUTSouthwestern Medical SchoolDallas, TexasDirector of Hand SurgeryTexas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Dallas, Texas

Kevin W. Farmer, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FL

Ida K. Fox, MDDivision of Plastic SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO

Adam Z. Franklin, MDSan Clemente, CA

Jeffrey B. Friedrich, MD, FACSAssistant Professor of Surgery and OrthopedicsUniversity of WashingtonHarborview Medical Center and Seattle Children’s

HospitalSeattle, WA

Steven Z. Glickel, M.D.Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryColumbia UniversityNew York, NYDirector C.V. Starr Hand Surgery Center New York, NY

Charles A. Goldfarb, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO

Charan Gowda, MDHand and Microsurgery AssociatesColumbus, OH

Brent Graham, MD, MSc, FRCSCAssistant Professor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health Network - Toronto Western

HospitalToronto, ON, Canada

Ruby Grewal, MD, MSc, FRCSCAssistant Professor Division of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Western OntarioHand and Upper Limb CenterSt Joseph’s Health CenterLondon, ON, Canada

Warren C. Hammert, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic and Plastic

SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY

Michael Hausman, M.D.Professor, Orthopedic SurgeryMount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY

Abhishek Julka, MDResident Orthopaedic SurgeonUniversity of Michigan Department of Orthopaedic

SurgeryAnn Arbor, MI

Neil F. Jones, MDChief of Hand Surgery University of California Irvine Medical CenterProfessor Department of Orthopedic SurgeryProfessor Division of Plastic and Reconstructive

SurgeryUniversity of California IrvineOrange, CA

Thomas C. Keller, MDResidentUniversity of Virginia Medical CenterCharlottesville, VA

viii American Society for Surgery of the Hand

Contributors

Graham JW King, MD, MSc, FRCSCProfessor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Western OntarioLondon, Ontario, CanadaChief of Orthopaedic SurgeryHand and Upper Limb CentreSt. Joseph’s Health CentreLondon, ON, Canada

Dawn M. LaPorte, MDAssociate Professor, Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD

Jeffrey Lawton, MDAssociate ProfessorChief, Division of Elbow, Hand and MicrosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Department of Orthopaedic

SurgeryAnn Arbor, MI

Daniel J. Lee, MDSouthern California Orthopaedic CenterPomona, CA

W. P. Andrew Lee, MDThe Milton T. Edgerton Professor and Chairman

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD

Ines C. Lin, MDAssistant Professor, Division of Plastic SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PAAssistant Professor, Division of Plastic SurgeryThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA

Sameer Lodha, MDChicago, IL

Craig Lomita, MDNew York, NY

Susan Mackinnon, MDSydney M. Shoenberg Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg

Professor and ChiefWashington University - Division of Plastic and

Reconstructive SurgerySt. Louis, MO

Mahesh H. Mankani MD, FACSAssociate Professor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA

Paul R. Manske, MDSt. Louis, MO

Jonas L. Matzon, MDAssistant Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryDivision of Hand SurgeryThe Rothman InstituteThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA

Gregory A Merrell, MDClinical Assistant Professor Indiana University Department OrthopaedicsClinical Assistant ProfessorThe Indiana Hand to Shoulder CenterIndianapolis, IN

David Mikolyzk, MDManitowoc, WI

Scott Mitchell, MDAssistant ProfessorUCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Los Angeles, CA

Steven L. Moran, MDProfessor and Chair of Plastic SurgeryProfessor of OrthopedicsMayo ClinicRochester, MN

Amir Mostofi , MDHand SurgeonRisser Orthopaedic GroupPasadena, CA

American Society for Surgery of the Hand ix

Contributors

Peter M. Murray, MDDirector for EducationProfessor of Orthopaedic SurgeryMayo College of MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonville, FL

George P. Nanos III, MDRockville, MD

A. Lee Osterman, MDProfessor Hand & Orthopedics, Thomas Jefferson

UniversityPhiladelphia Hand CenterKing of Prussia, PA

M. Jason Palmer, MDThe Hand CenterGreenville, SC

Nilpesh M. Patel, MDOrthopaedic Hand and Elbow SurgeonLakewood Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineDallas, TX

William C. Pederson, MD, FACSPresident and Fellowship DirectorThe Hand Center of San AntonioSan Antonio, TXAdjunct Professor of SurgeryThe University of Texas Health Science Center at

San AntonioSan Antonio, TX

Gita Pillai, MDOrthopedic Associates of Southern DelawareLewes, DE

Jeffrey M. Pike, MD, MPH, FRCSCAssistant ProfessorUniversity of British Columbia/Providence

Health CareVancouver, BC

Kevin D. Plancher, MDAssociate Clinical Professor Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NYFellowship DirectorPlancher Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine/

Orthopaedic Foundation for Active LifestylesCos Cob, CT and New York, NY

Brian PridgenResearch AssistantStanford, CA

Edward M. Reece, MDArizona Center for Hand Surgery, PCPhoenix, AZ

Kevin J. Renfree, MDAssistant ProfessorMayo Medical School/Banner Good Samaritan

Integrated Orthopaedic ResidencyMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenix, AZ

David Ring, MD, PhDDirector of Research, MGH Orthopaedic Hand and

Upper Extremity ServiceMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, MAHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA

Alberto R. Rivera, MDFellowOrthopaedic Foundation for Active Lifestyles/

Plancher Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Cos Cob, CT and New York, NY

Marco Rizzo, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN

Tamara D. Rozental, MDAssistant Professor in Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA

x American Society for Surgery of the Hand

Contributors

Jerry A. Rubin, MDCentral Florida Hand SpecialistsCelebration, FLAssociate Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlando, FL

Douglas M. Sammer, MDAssistant Professor of Plastic SurgeryCo-Director Hand Surgery FellowshipDepartment of Plastic SurgeryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX

Jesse B. Seamon, MDCharlottesville, VA

Adam B. Shafritz, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington, VT

Eon K. Shin, MDOrthopedic SurgeonThe Philadelphia Hand Center, PCPhiladelphia, PA

Jaimie T. Shores, MDAssistant ProfessorClinical Director of Hand TransplantationJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD

Jae W. Song, MD, MSResearch Fellow, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery University of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MIPeter J. Stern, MDUniversity of Cincinnati - College of MedicineCincinnati, OH

Amir H. Taghinia, MDStaff SurgeonChildren’s HospitalBoston, MAInstructor in SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA

Nathan Taylor, MDHand Surgery, Private PracticeOrthopedic Surgery Associates of MarquetteMarquette, Michigan

Matthew M. Tomaino, MD, MBAFounder, Tomaino Orthopaedic CareTomaino Orthopaedic Care for Shoulder, Hand,

and ElbowRochester, NY

Rull James Toussaint, MDResident in Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Combined Orthopaedic ResidencyBoston, MA

Jennifer Ty, MDAI Dupont Hospital for ChildrenWilmington, DE

Joseph Upton III, MDChestnut Hill, MA

Kristin Kay Warner, MDOrthopedic/Hand SurgeonCarolina Orthopedics and Sports MedicineNew Bern, NC

Bradon J. Wilhelmi, MDProfessor and Chief of Plastic SurgeryPlastic Surgery Program DirectorUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville, KY

Thomas W. Wright, MDProfessor of OrthopaedicsUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FL

Robert W. Wysocki, MDChicago, IL

American Society for Surgery of the Hand xi

Contents CHAPTER 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Evidence-Based Medicine in Hand SurgeryDouglas M. Sammer, MD and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

Section I:Hand Fractures and Joint InjuriesCHAPTER 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Extra-Articular Phalangeal and Metacarpal FracturesNathan Taylor, MD, and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Finger Joint Injuries, Excluding the ThumbCharles S. Day, MD

CHAPTER 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Thumb Joint Injuries, Including the CMC JointJeffrey M. Pike, MD, MPH, FRCSC and Ruby Grewal, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Section II:Carpal Injuries and DisordersCHAPTER 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Scaphoid Fractures and NonunionsJae W. Song, MD, MS and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

CHAPTER 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Acute Carpal Ligamentous InjuryAbhishek Julka, MD and Jeffrey Lawton, MD

CHAPTER 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Chronic Carpal InstabilityRandy Bindra and Cari Cordell, MD

CHAPTER 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Kienbock’s DiseaseNilpesh M. Patel, MD and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

CHAPTER 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Wrist Fusion and Arthroplasty ProceduresEon K. Shin, MD and A. Lee Osterman, MD

Section III:Distal Radius Fractures and DRUJ InjuriesCHAPTER 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Distal Radius Fractures: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Classifi cationRull James Toussaint, MD and Tamara D. Rozental, MD

CHAPTER 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Distal Radius FracturesKyle D. Bickel, MD, FACS

CHAPTER 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Malunions of the Distal RadiusSameer J. Lodha, MD, Robert W. Wyscocki, MD, and Mark S. Cohen, MD

CHAPTER 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Bone Graft Substitutes in the Radius and Upper LimbLouis Catalano, MD and James Andry III, MD

CHAPTER 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Disorders of the Distal Radioulnar JointPeter M. Murray, MD

CHAPTER 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Wrist ArthroscopyNeal C. Chen, MD, A. Lee Osterman, MD, Randall W. Culp, MD, and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

Section IV:Tendon Injuries and ConditionsCHAPTER 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Basic Science of Tendon HealingJames Chang, MD and Brian Pridgen, MD

CHAPTER 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Flexor Tendon InjuryAmir Mostofi , MD, Jason Palmer, MD, and Edward Akelman, MD

CHAPTER 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Extensor Tendon InjuryJonas L. Matzon, MD and David J. Bozentka, MD

xii American Society for Surgery of the Hand

Contents

CHAPTER 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Tendon Transfers for Radial, Median, and Ulnar Nerve PalsyDavid Mikolyzk, MD, Adam Franklin, MD, and Peter Stern, MD

CHAPTER 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Treatment of Trigger Finger, de Quervain’s Disorder, and Tennis ElbowDaniel J. Lee, MD and Jerry A. Rubin, MD

Section V:Nerve Injury and RepairCHAPTER 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Physiology of Nerve HealingLars B. Dahlin, MD

CHAPTER 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Carpal Tunnel SyndromeBrent Graham, MD, MSc, FRCSC

CHAPTER 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Cubital Tunnel SyndromeCharan Gowda, MD and Greg Merrell, MD

CHAPTER 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Adult Brachial Plexus InjuriesSusan E. Mackinnon, MD and Gurprett Dhaliwal, MD

CHAPTER 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Brachial Plexus Palsy—PediatricMarybeth Ezaki, MD

CHAPTER 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Repetitive Stress InjuryWarren C. Hammert, MD

Section VI:Pediatric HandCHAPTER 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289SyndactylyBenjamin Chang, MD and Ines C. Lin, MD

CHAPTER 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Thumb DuplicationJennifer Ty

CHAPTER 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Thumb HypoplasiaNeil F. Jones, MD and Ying Chi, MD

CHAPTER 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Radial Defi ciencyPaul R. Manske, MD and Charles A. Goldfarb, MD

CHAPTER 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Pediatric Hand and Forearm TraumaAndrea S. Bauer, MD and Donald S. Bae, MD

Section VII:Spastic ConditionsCHAPTER 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333TetraplegiaCatherine Curtin, MD and Kevin C. Chung, MD, MS

CHAPTER 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Cerebral PalsyKristin Kay Warner, MD and Michelle Gerwin Carlson, MD

Section VIII:Soft Tissue InjuriesCHAPTER 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Dupuytren’s DiseaseSteve Glickel, MD and Craig Lomita, MD

CHAPTER 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Fingertip InjuriesW. P. Andrew Lee, MD and Jaimie T. Shores, MD

CHAPTER 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379Management of BurnsScott Mitchell, MD and Kodi Azari, MD

CHAPTER 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391InfectionsJohn T. Capo, MD

Section IX:MicrosurgeryCHAPTER 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Management of Mutilating Hand InjuriesWilliam W. Dzwierzynski, MD

CHAPTER 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411ReplantationBradon J. Wilhelmi, MD

American Society for Surgery of the Hand xiii

Contents

CHAPTER 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429Local and Regional Flap Coverage of the Hand Jeff Friedrich, MD and Patrick Combs, MD

CHAPTER 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Free Tissue Transfer for Hand CoverageWilliam C. Pederson, MD, FACS and Edward M. Reece, MD

CHAPTER 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449Thumb ReconstructionBrian T. Carlsen, MD and Steven L. Moran, MD

CHAPTER 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Vascular AnomaliesAmir H. Taghinia, MD and Joseph Upton III, MD

Section X:Arthritic ConditionsCHAPTER 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand and WristGeorge P. Nanos III, MD and Marco Rizzo, MD

CHAPTER 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Atypical Arthritic Conditions (Lupus, Scleroderma, and Psoriasis)Mahesh H. Mankani, MD, FACS

CHAPTER 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Treatment of Osteoarthritic Conditions of the Hand Thomas C. Keller, MD, Jesse B. Seamon, MD, and Angelo R. Dacus, MD

Section XI:TumorsCHAPTER 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, MelanomaDawn M. LaPorte, MD and E. Gene Deune, MD

CHAPTER 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Soft Tissue Neoplasms: Benign and MalignantPeter M. Murray, MD

CHAPTER 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549Malignant and Metastatic Turmors of the HandEdward Athanasian, MD

Section XII:Elbow and ForearmCHAPTER 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Forearm Fractures and Reconstruction in AdultsDavid Ring, MD, PhD

CHAPTER 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Fractures of the Distal Humerus and the Elbow Graham King, MD

CHAPTER 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577Biceps Michael Hausman and Gita Pillai, MD

CHAPTER 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Etiology and Epidemiology Ryan Naujoks, MD and Mark Baratz

Section XIII:Shoulder and ArmCHAPTER 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603Fractures of the Proximal HumerusKevin W. Farmer, MD, and Thomas W. Wright, MD

CHAPTER 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Treatment of Humeral Shaft FracturesKevin Renfree, MD

CHAPTER 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Rotator Cuff Disorders and Adhesive Capsulitis Matthew M. Tomaino, MD, MBA

CHAPTER 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637Examination of the ShoulderKevin D. Plancher, MD, Alberto R. Rivera, MD, Joseph M. Bellapianta, MD, and Travis Blood, MS

CHAPTER 58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Labral Tears Jeffrey E. Budoff, MD

CHAPTER 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659Shoulder Arthroplasty Adam B. Shafritz, MD

American Society for Surgery of the Hand xv

Preface

I am honored to have the opportunity to be the editor for Hand Surgery Update V and to work closely with my co-editor, Dr. Peter Murray. The Hand Surgery Update series has been a constant companion for hand surgeons in keeping up-to-date on the current research in treating patients with hand and upper limb problems. This volume is particularly unique because all of our contributing authors were asked to consider the levels of evidence when synthesizing their updated chapters. The authors were chosen for their expertise in distilling the evidence from the literature; all of them have done a magnifi cent job in crafting succinct, yet practical, materials to help you stay current in the exponential growth of knowledge in the hand and upper limb specialty. As hand surgery continues to evolve in its scope of practice, many hand surgeons are becoming interested in elbow and shoulder surgery. Therefore, this particular volume has incorporated chapters relating to pathologies around the elbow and the shoulder, which will establish the comprehensiveness of hand surgery’s contribution in conditions affecting the entire upper limb.

This volume would not have been possible without the dedicated assistance of my co-editor, Dr. Peter Murray, who is an outstanding educator and an ever-present leader in hand surgery educational events. Additionally, I want to acknowledge our ASSH staff, Tara Havenga, who diligently coordinated all of the activities around this textbook. My staff, Pouya Entezami, contributed immensely to the organization of this textbook. His dedicated work was invaluable and ensured that we produced the best product pos-sible. Furthermore, this textbook is a true tribute to the selfl ess efforts by my friends and contributing authors, who readily agreed to contribute to this volume despite their taxing practices and overwhelm-ing other responsibilities. Each of them has done an outstanding job in organizing the literature based on current scientifi c data rather than cursory changes of previous chapters. All of the chapters contain original material, and this book has taken the word “Update” to an even greater height by presenting the most current information for your examination.

I appreciate the confi dence of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand in allowing me to lead this volume. I am certain that you will fi nd this to be an informative and creative textbook–one that will be your constant companion in your continued medical education interests.

—Kevin C. Chung, MD, MSCharles B.G. de Nancrede Professor in Surgery

Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of SurgeryAssistant Dean for Faculty Affairs

Associate Director for Global REACHUniversity of Michigan Medical School