handbook appendix

8/2/2019 Handbook Appendix

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APPENDIX

339

AP P E NDI X

ASTM TEST METHODS . 338

Glossary of Terms. 339

SAE Viscosity Classification for Crankcase Oils. 345

AGMA Gear Lubricant Classifications . 346Physical Requirements for Automotive Gear Lubricants. 347

API Services - Automotive Gear Oils. 348

ILSAC Specifications. 349

API Services - Engine Oils. 351

By Specifications/Grade:Passenger Car Motor Oil Recommendations . 353

Grease Thickeners . 354

Grease Compatibility . 355

NLGI Grease Grading System. 356

NLGI Grease Service Classifications. 356

Comparable Viscosity Grades . 357

Viscosity Conversions. 358

ISO Viscosity Grades. 359

API Gravities and Densities. 360

Conversion Factors. 361

Table of Temperature Conversions. 362

339

Appendix Index



APPENDIX

340

340

. Test.Method.

. Number Acidity.as.Acetic.Acid. . D.1613 Ash. . D.4530 Ash.(aviation.oils). . D.482 Autoignition.Temperature. . D.2155Biodegradability. . CEC-L-33-T-82Brookfield.Viscosity. . D.2983CCR.Residue. . D.189

CCS.(Cold.Cranking.Simulator,.Viscometer). . D.5293Chloride.(Coolant). . D.3634Colour,.Pt-Co.Scale. . D.1209Density. . D.1298Density.([email protected]°C). . D.1122Density.([email protected]°C). . D.941Dielectric.Strength.(DISC.electrodes). . D.877Dielectric.Strength.(VDE.electrodes). . D.1816Flash.Point.(Cleveland.Open.Cup,COC). . D.92

Flash.Point.(Pensky.Marten.Closed.Cup,.PMCC). . D.93Flash.Point.(TAG.Closed.Cup). . D.56Fire.Point. . D.92Floc.Point. . A-86-83,.ASHRAEFreeze.Point. . D.2386Freezing.Point.(Coolant). . D.1177FZG. . DIN.51-354Interfacial.Tension. . D.971MRV.(Mini.Rotary.Viscometer). . D4684

PH.(Coolant). . D.1287Pour.Point. . D.97Power.Factor.(electrical). . D.924Reserve.Alkalinity.(Coolant). . D.1121Saponification.Number. . D.94Sulphated.Ash. . D.874TAN-C.(Total.Acid.Number). . D.974TAN-E.(Total.Acid.Number). . D.664TBN-E.(Total.Base.Number). . D.2896

Timken.OK.Load. . D.2782Turbine.Oil.Stability.Test. . D.943Viscosity.(Kinematic). . D.445Viscosity.Index. . D.2270 Water. . D.1744

Tests Specific to Greases

Base.Oil.Viscosity. . D.445Coefficient.of.Friction. . D.5183

Dropping.Point. . D.2265Penetration. . D.217Timken.OK.Load. . D.2509 Water.Washout. . D.12644-Ball.EP.-.Load.Wear.Index. . D.25964-Ball.EP.-.Weld.Load. . D.25964-Ball.Wear.Scar. . D.2266

ASTM TEST METHODS



APPENDIX

341

AP P E NDI X

341

The.descriptions.given.here.are.intended.to.be.of.a.general.nature.and.may.not.be.an.absolute.full.and.scientific.explanation.of.the.term

ACID NUMBER or.TOTAL ACID NUMBER -.a.measure.of.the.acidic.nature.of.an.oil..The.specific.quantity.of.base.required.to.neutralize.the.acidic.component.in.an.oil..The.value.typically.increases.during.usage,.as.acids.accumulate.in.the.oil..Measured.in.mg.of.KOH.(base).to.neutralize.one.gram.of.oil

AGMA -.American.Gear.Manufacturers.Association

ANTI-WEAR ADDITIVE -.an.additive.used.in.lubricating.oils.which.react.with.the.metal.surface.to.reduce.the.amount.of.wear.occurring.between.contacting.surfaces..Zinc.(dialkyl.dithiophosphate).is.a.common.example

API -.American.Petroleum.Institute

ASH or.SULPHATED ASH -.an.indication.of.the.non-combustible.residue.of.an.oil..The.deposit.left.after.all.of.the.base.oil.has.been.burned.away..Metallic.detergents.and.antiwear.additives.contribute.to.the.ash.content.of.an.oil

ASTM -.American.Society.for.Testing.and.Materials,.establish.the. ASTM.Test.Methods.used.by.laboratories

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE -.the.temperature.at.which.a.sample.of.oil.can.be.heated.before.it.will.spontaneously.ignite.without.a.source.of.ignition..It.will.be.a.higher.value.than.the.flash.or.fire.points

BASE NUMBER or.TOTAL BASE NUMBER -.a.measure.of.the.basic.or.alkaline.nature.of.an.oil..The.specific.quantity.of.acid.

required.to.neutralize.the.basic.component.in.an.oil..The.value.decreases.as.some.of.the.additives.are.consumed.during.use..Measured.in.mg.of.KOH.to.neutralize.one.gram.of.oil

BASE OIL or.BASE STOCK -.the.oil.portion.of.a.lubricating.oil.or.grease..May.be.mineral.or.synthetic

Glossary of Terms



APPENDIX

342

BEARINGS:.Rolling Element Bearing or. Anti-friction Bearing -.any.bearing.using.rollers.or.balls.eg.ball.bearing,.spherical,.cylindrical,.needle..May.accept.radial.and/or.thrust.loads

Journal Bearing or.Plain Bearing - any.bearing.that.does.not.employ.rolling.elements,.typically.consisting.of.a.shaft.rotating.in.a.cylindrical.shell..Also.referred.to.as.Shell.or.Sleeve.Bearing..May.accept.radial.or.thrust.loads

BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY -.a.low.temperature,.low.shear.viscosity.commonly.used.to.measure.the.performance.of.gear.oils.and.hydraulic.oils

CCR RESIDUE -.Conradson.Carbon.Residue,.the.percent.of.coked.material.left.after.a.sample.of.oil.is.exposed.to.high.temperatures.by.a.prescribed.method

CCS -.Cold.Cranking.Simulator,.a.low.temperature,.high.shear.viscosity.commonly.used.to.measure.the.ability.of.a.motor.oil.to.allow.the.crankshaft.of.an.engine.to.spin.during.start-up

CENTISTOKE (cSt) -.one.one-hundredth.of.a.stoke..A.common.unit.of.kinematic.viscosity..Equal.in.value.to.a.mm2/s

CENTIPOISE (cP) -.one.one-hundredth.of.a.poise..A.common.unit.of.absolute.viscosity..Brookfield,.Cold.Cranking.Simulator.and.Mini.Rotary.Viscometer.all.measure.absolute.viscosity.and.the.resulting.values.are.given.in.centipoise..May.be.converted.to.centistoke.by.dividing.by.the.density.of.the.oil.(at.the.same.temperature)..Equal.in.value.to.a.milli.Pascal.second.(mPas)

CGSB -.Canadian.General.Standards.Board,.develops.standards.for.

products.and.test.methods.specific.to.Canada

CHANNEL POINT -.the.lowest.temperature.at.which.a.paddle.can.be.pulled.through.a.sample.of.cold.oil.and.the.walls.created.by.the.paddle.due.not.flow.back.into.the.channel.(within.a.prescribed.time)

COMPOUNDED OIL -.an.oil.containing.either.natural.or.synthetic.fatty.materials.as.additives

DEMULSIBILITY -.the.ability.of.an.oil.to.separate.(release.or.drop). water.from.the.oil

342

Glossary of Terms



APPENDIX

343

AP P E NDI X

343

DROPPING POINT -.the.highest.temperature.to.which.a.grease.can.be.heated.before.a.drop.of.oil.separates.(and.drops).from.the.grease.(under.prescribed.conditions)

EP - Extreme.Pressure.additive..An.additive.used.in.lubricating.oils.or.greases.which.react.with.the.metal.surface.to.reduce.the.amount.of.adhesion.or.cold-welding.which.may.occur.between.contacting.surfaces.under.severe.loads.or.shock.loading..Sulphur-phosphorous.chemicals.

are.a.common.example.used.in.gear.oils

FOUR (4) BALL TESTER -.one.of.two.laboratory.machines..The.4.Ball.Wear.Tester.which.indicates.the.wear.protection.offered.by.a.lubricant.by.measuring.a.scar.diameter.on.four.steel.balls..The.4.Ball.EP.Tester.which.indicates.the.extreme.pressure.load.carrying.capacity.of.a.lubricant..The.test.method.determines.a.Weld.Load.and.a.calculated.Load.Wear.Index.(LWI)

FLASH POINT -.the.lowest.temperature.at.which.an.oil.creates.enough.vapour.above.the.surface.of.the.oil.to.yield.a.combustible.mixture.which.will.ignite.or.explode.in.the.presence.of.a.spark,.but.insufficient.vapour.to.sustain.a.flameCOC.-.Cleveland.Open.Cup.Method,.used.for.lubricating.oilsPMCC.-.Pensky-Martens.Closed.Cup.Method,.used.for.fuel.oils.or.lubricants.that.contain.lighter.solvent-like.materialsTAGCC.-.Tag.Closed.Cup.Method,.used.for.solvents

FLOC POINT -.used.to.indicate.the.lowest.temperature.that.a.refrigeration.oil.can.be.cooled.before.wax.or.other.components.begin.to.solidify

ISO -.International.Standards.Organization

LUBRICANT -.may.be.either.an.oil.or.a.grease.or.a.solid.used.to.

reduce.friction.between.two.surfaces

MINERAL OIL -.a.base.oil.(base.stock).derived.from.crude.oil.at.a.refinery.by.separation.and.purification.processes.including.combinations.of.fractionation,.solvent.extraction,.hydrofinishing,.hydrotreating,.hydrocracking,.dewaxing

MRV -.Mini.Rotary.Viscometer,.a.low.temperature,.low.shear.viscosity.

commonly.used.to.measure.the.ability.of.an.oil.to.flow.toward.(flood).the.suction.of.an.automotive.engine’s.oil.pump..It.is.used.to.predict.and.prevent.oil.starvation.during.engine.start-up

Glossary of Terms



APPENDIX

344

NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER -.may.be.either.the.acid.number.or.base.number.of.an.oil..The.amount.of.acid.or.base.required.to.neutralize.an.oil

NLGI -.National.Lubricating.Grease.Institute

PENETRATION -.the.consistency.or.hardness.of.a.grease..The.penetration.of.a.cone.into.a.sample.of.grease.indicates.its’.hardness.and.

is.used.to.assign.the.NLGI.grease.grade.numbers.eg.a.#2.grade.grease

PROCESS OIL -.typically.a.base.oil.used.in.a.manufacturing.process.and.not.used.directly.for.lubrication.eg.rubber.extenders,.dedusting

R&O -.a.rust.and.oxidation.inhibited.lubricating.oil..It.may.contain.an.antifoam.additive.but.will.not.contain.an.antiwear.or.EP.additive

SAE -.Society.of.Automotive.Engineers

SOLVENT EXTRACTION -.a.refining.process.for.base.oils.used.to.remove.the.undesirable.components

STLE -.Society.of.Tribologists.and.Lubrication.Engineers

SULPHATED ASH -.See.Ash

SYNTHETIC -.man-made,.synthesized.(not.naturally.occurring).base.oil..Various.chemical.types.exist

SYNTHETIC BLEND -.an.oil.containing.both.mineral.oil.base.stock.and.synthetic.oil.base.stock

TIMKEN OK LOAD -.a.measure.of.the.extreme.pressure.(EP).properties.of.an.oil.or.grease..The.“OK.Load”.is.the.heaviest.load.that.

the.film.of.lubricant.can.support.without.scoring..Test.results.can.vary.significantly

TOTAL ACID NUMBER (TAN) -.See.Acid.Number

TOTAL BASE NUMBER (TBN) -.See.Base.Number

344

Glossary of Terms



APPENDIX

345

AP P E NDI X

345

SAE Viscosity Classification for Crankcase Oils*

L O W

T E M P .

V I S C O

S I T I E S

H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E V I S C O S I T I E S

V i s c o s i t y

C C S C r a n k i n g

M R V P u m p

i n g

M i n . K i n e m a t i c

M a

x . K i n e m a t i c

H i g

h S h e a r

( c P ) m

i n .

G r a

d e

V i s c o s i t y

( c P ) M a x

@ ° C

V i s c o s i t y

V i s c o s i t y

@

1 5 0 ° C & 1 0 6 s - 1

( c P ) m a x .

@ ° C

( c S t ) @ 1 0 0 ° C

( c S t ) @ 1 0 0 ° C

0 W

6 , 2

0 0 @

- 3 5

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 4 0

3 . 8

–

–

5 W

6 , 6

0 0 @

- 3 0

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 3 5

3 . 8

–

–

1 0 W

7 , 0

0 0 @

- 2 5

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 3 0

4 . 1

–

–

1 5 W

7 , 0

0 0 @

- 2 0

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 2 5

5 . 6

–

–

2 0 W

9 , 5

0 0 @

- 1 5

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 2 0

5 . 6

–

–

2 5 W

1 3

, 0 0 0 @

- 1 0

6 0

, 0 0 0 @

- 1 5

9 . 3

–

–

2 0

–

–

5 . 6

< 9

. 3

2 . 6

3 0

–

–

9 . 3

< 1 2

. 5

2 . 9

4 0

–

–

1 2

. 5

< 1 6

. 3

3 . 3

( 0 W

- 4 0

,

5 W

- 4 0

, 1 0 W

- 4 0 )

4 0

–

–

1 2

. 5

< 1 6

. 3

3 . 7

( 1 5 W

- 4 0

,

2 0 W

- 4 0

, 2 5 W

- 4 0

, 4 0 )

5 0

–

–

1 6

. 3

< 2 1

. 9

3 . 7

6 0

–

–

2 1

. 9

< 2 6

. 1

3 . 7

* A l l v a l u e s

a r e c r i t i c a

l s p e c i f i c a t i o

n s a s

d e f i n e d

b y

A S T M

D 3 2 4 4

S A E J - 3 0 0

( D e c

9 9 R e v i s i o n )



APPENDIX

346

VISCOSITYRANGESFORINDUSTRIALGEAROILS-AGMA250.04

AGMANo. VISCOSITYRANGE COMPARABLE CSt.@40°C ISOGRADE

1 41.4-50.6 46

2&2EP* 61.2-74.8 68

3&3EP 90.0-110 100

4&4EP 135-165 150

5&5EP 198-242 220

6&6EP 288-352 320

7Comp.**&7EP 414-506 460

8Comp.&8EP 612-748 680

8AComp.&8AEP 900-1000 1000

*EPdesignatesextremepressureinhibitedgearoilgrades.

**Comp.designatesoilcompoundedwith3%to10%fattyorsyntheticfattycomponents.

346

AGMA Gear Lubricant Classifications



APPENDIX

347

AP P E NDI X

347

Physical Requirements for Automotive GearLubricants

S A E G e a r O i l V

i s c o s i t y G r a d e s

M I L -

L - 2 1 0 5 D G r a d e s

P R O P E R T Y

7 5 W

8 0

W

8 5 W

9 0

1 4 0

2 5 0

7 5 W

8 0 W

- 9 0

8 5 W - 1 4 0

V i s c o s i t y , c S t

@ 1 0 0 ° C M i n .

4 . 1

7

1 1

1 3 . 5

2 4

. 0

4 1

4 . 1

1 3 . 5

2 4

. 0

M a

x .

2 4 . 5

4 1

. 0

2 4 . 0

4 1

. 0

M a x .

T e m p (

C ) f o r

1 5 0

, 0 0 0 c P

V i s c .

- 4 0

- 2 6

- 1 2

–

–

–

- 4 0.

- 2

6.

- 1 2

C h a n n e l

P o i n

t , ° C

M a

x .

- 4 5

- 3 5

- 2 0

F l a s h

P o i n t , ° C

M a

x .

1 5 0

1 6 5

1 8 0



APPENDIX

348

API - GL-1 to GL-3Designates.the.type.of.service.characteristic.of.automotive.spiral-bevel.and.worm-gear.axles.and.some.manually.operated.transmissions.operating.under.mild.or.moderate.conditions.of.pressures.and.sliding.velocities

API - GL-4Designates.the.type.of.service.characteristic.of.gears,.particularly.

hypoid.in.passenger.cars.and.other.automotive.type.equipment.operating.under.high-speed,.low.torque,.and.low-speed,.high.torque.conditions

API - GL-5Similar.to.GL-4.but.designed.to.protect.automotive.equipment.operated.under.high-speed.shock-load

API GL-6Obsolete

MT-1Recently.adopted.standard..Designates.use.in.non-synchronized.manual.transmissions

348

API Services - Automotive Gear Oils



APPENDIX

349

AP P E NDI X

349

THE ILSAC MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STANDARDSFOR PASSENGER CAR ENGINE OILS

The.Japan.Automobile.Manufacturers.Association,.Inc.and.

representatives.from.DaimlerChrysler.Corporation,.Ford.Motor.

Company.and.General.Motors.Corporation,.through.an.organization.

called.the.International.Lubricants.Standardization.and.Approval.

Committee.(ILSAC),.jointly.develop.and.approve.Lubricants.to.ILSAC.specifications.Development.and.use.of.ILSAC.specifications.began.in.

the.1990s.Oils.conforming.to.ILSAC.specifications.display.the.API.

Certification.Mark,.also.known.as.the.ILSAC.Starburst..

While.the.Starburst.remains.the.same.for.oils.complying.with.ILSAC,.

the.specification.upgrades.are.identified.by.“GF-?”.codes.These.codes.

are.often.referred.to.in.product.label.text,.or.in.printed.product.data.

sheets.in.order.to.communicate.the.version.of.ILSAC.specification.

with.which.a.product.conforms.Older.ILSAC.specifications.become.

obsolete.as.newer.ones.are.developed.and.the.performance.defined.by.

newer.specifications.is.acceptable.for.applications.where.older.versions.

are.specified.

Many.ILSAC.members.only.specify.engine.oil.requirements.by.

ILSAC.specification.or.the.starburst.API.specifications.are.often.no.

longer.even.quoted.in.owners.manuals.Another.unique.feature.of.

the.ILSAC.system.is.that.its.performance.requirements.are.limited.

to.0W-xx,.5W-xx,.10W-xx.oil.viscosity.grades.that.actually.pass.the.ILSAC.requirements.So.there.can.never.be.an.ILSAC.approved.15W-

40.as.this.grade.is.not.included.in.the.ILSAC.definition.So.where.a.

manufacturer.recommends.an.ILSAC.approved.engine.oil.they.are.not.

only.specifying.engine.performance,.but.also.restricting.the.viscosity.

ILSAC Specifications



APPENDIX

350

grades.of.oil.used.to.those.specified.by.the.latest.ILSAC.definition.“Similar”.performance.to.an.ILSAC.Specification.can.be.found.in.

heavier.viscosity.grades.identified.with.the.API..Service.Symbol.

Classification(the.API.“S”.classification).corresponding.to.the.ILSAC.

“GF-x”.version

ILSAC GF-1:(corresponds.to.API.SH).

ILSAC GF-2:Introduced.in.1997(corresponds.to.API.SJ),.it.

upgraded.requirements.for..phosphorus.content,.as.well.as..improved.

low.temperature.operation,.high.temperature.deposits.and.foam.

control

ILSAC GF-3:Introduced.in.2001(corresponds.to.API.SL).),.it.upgraded.requirements.for..long-term.emission.system.durability.and.

improved.fuel.economy.as.well.as.improved.performance.in.the.areas.

of.volatility.and.deposit.control,.viscosity.retention,.additive.depletion.

over.the.oils.service.life.and.reduced.oil.consumption.rates.

ILSAC GF-4:Introduced.in.2005.(corresponds.to.API.SM),.

it.upgraded.requirements.for.improvement.in.emissions.system.

durability,.low.temperature.oil.pumpability,.robustness.in.high.

temperature.high.load.performance,.as.well.as.fuel.economy.and.fuel.

economy.retention

350

ILSAC Specifications



APPENDIX

351

AP P E NDI X

“S” - SERVICE (Gasoline)

“S”.categories.define.minimum.industry.performance.for.gasoline.powered.engines.Since.1996.more.and.more.gasoline.manufacturers.have.been.recommending.ILSAC.specification.engine.oils.

API SERVICES SA to SG:Obsolete

These.service.designations.are.an.alphabetical.evolution.of.protection.levels.originated.back.in.the.early.1960s..As.gasoline.engines.became.more.severe,.better.motor.oils.were.developed

API SERVICE SH:Category.for.1994.model.(and.later).warranty.requirements

API SERVICE SJ:

Category.for.1996.model.(and.later).warranty.requirements..

API SERVICE SL:Category.for.2001.model.(and.later).warranty.requirements.The.current.service.level.that.ensures.optimum.gasoline.engine.life

API SERVICE SM: API.performance.specification.that.finds.similar.performance.to.ILSAC.

GF-4.for.viscosity.grade.not.covered.by.the.ILSAC

“C” - SERVICE (Diesel)

API SERVICES CA to CE:ObsoleteSimilar.to.“S”.service.designations.is.protection.level.evolution.but.pertaining.mainly.to.diesel.engines

API SERVICE CF-2:1994.severe.duty.2-cycle.diesel.engines

API SERVICE CF-4:Severe.duty.turbocharged.4-cycle.diesel.engines:.highest.protection.against.high.and.low.temperature.deposits,.wear,.corrosion,.especially.late.model.(since.1988).lower.emission.engines:.Mack.EO-K/2,.

Cummins.NTC.400,.Caterpillar.1-K

API SERVICE CG-4:Enhanced.protection.for.high.speed.4-cycle.diesel.engines.to.meet.1994.exhaust.emission.standards

API Services - Engine Oils

351



APPENDIX

352

API SERVICE CH-4Enhanced.protection.for.high.speed.4-cycle.diesel.engines.to.meet.1998.exhaust.emission.standards

API SERVICE CI-4:CI-4.oils.are.formulated.to.sustain.engine.durability.where.exhaust.gas.recirculation.(EGR).is.used.and.are.intended.for.use.with.diesel.fuels.ranging.in.sulphur.content.up.to.05%.weight.Introduced.in.

September,.2002.for.high.speed.4-cycle.diesel.engines.designed.to.meet.2004.emission.standards,.implemented.in.2002

API SERVICE CI-4 PLUS:Oils.conforming.to.this.specification.have.been.upgraded.from.API.CI-4.with.additional.viscosity.retention.and.soot.control.for.EGR.equipped.high.speed.4-cycle.diesel.engines.Introduced.in.September.2004

API SERVICE CATEGORY CJ-4: API.Service.Category.CJ-4.describes.oils.for.use.in.high-speed.four-stroke.cycle.diesel.engines.designed.to.meet.2007.model.year.on-highway.exhaust.emission.standards.as.well.as.for.previous.model.years..These.oils.are.especially.effective.at.sustaining.emission.control.system.durability.where.particulate.filters.and.other.advanced.aftertreatment.systems.are.used

API.CJ-4.engine.oils.can.be.used.in.all.applications.with.diesel.fuels.ranging.in.sulfur.content.up.to.500.ppm.(005%.by.weight)..Use.of.greater.than.15.ppm.(00015%.by.weight).sulfur.fuel.in.2007.engines.may.impact.exhaust.aftertreatment.system.durability..When.using.CJ-4.oil.with.higher.than.15.ppm.sulfur.fuel,.consult.the.engine.manufacturer.for.the.recommended.service.interval

API.CJ-4.oils.exceed.the.performance.criteria.of.API.CI-4.with.CI-4..PLUS,.CI-4,.CH-4,.CG-4.and.CF-4.and.can.effectively.lubricate.

engines.calling.for.those.API.Service.CategoriesIntroduced.October.2006

API Services - Engine Oils

352



APPENDIX

353

AP P E NDI X

353

Passenger Car Motor Oil Recommendationsby Specifications/Grade

P r o d u c t

F o r m u l a S h e l l

1 0 0 %

S y n t h e t i c

5 W - 3

0

1 0 W - 3

0


S y n t h e t i c

B l e n d

5 W - 3

0

1 0 W - 3

0

2 0 W - 5

0


5 W - 2

0

5 W - 3

0

1 0 W - 3

0

1 0 W - 4

0

3 0

A P I

C D - I I

A P I C E

A P I

C F , C D

R R

A P I

C F - 2

A P I

C G - 4

A P I

C H - 4

A P I C I - 4 P L U S

A P I S J R R R R R R R R R

A P I S L R R R R R R R R R

A P I

S M

R R R R R *

R R

I L S A C

G F - 3 ,

G F - 4

R R R R R * R R

E n e r g y

c o n s e r v i n g

R R R R R * R R

A P I

C F - 4

A P I

C J - 4

A P I

C I - 4

R=RECMMEDEDFRTHECRRESPDGSPECFCATCATEGR.

*besuretoconsultyourownersmanualregardingtheuseofthisviscositygrade



APPENDIX

354

354

Greases.generally.consist.of.a.base.oil.with.additives.plus.a.thickening.agent.to.create.the.semi-solid.nature.of.a.grease..The.thickeners.may.contain.lithium,.calcium,.aluminum.or.barium.components.or.be.made.of.polyurea.or.clay.etc..“Complex”.greases.are.a.newer.type.of.thickener.technology.(than.“Simple.Soap”).and.tend.to.improve.the.high.temperature.capability.of.the.grease

About.Shell.Canada’s.major.greases:

Lithium soap greases have.been.around.for.many.years.and.their.multipurpose.nature.allows.them.to.satisfy.over.80%.of.all.applications..However,.for.severe.applications,.other.technologies.may.have.advantages

Lithium Complex greases maintain.most.of.the.multipurpose.nature.of.lithium.greases.but.perform.better.at.high.temperatures.and.can.

have.better.mechanical.stability..In.general,.“Complex”.greases.tend.to.have.greater.compatibility.problems.with.other.greases.than.conventional.soap.greases

Calcium soap greases have.better.water.resistance.and.mechanical.stability.than.lithium.greases,.but.are.not.suitable.for.high.temperatures.

Calcium Sulfonate greases.are.known.for.their.outstanding.water.resistance.and.corrosion.protection.as.well.as.being.excellent.high.temperature.greases

Mixed Lithium Calcium greases combine.the.advantage.of.both.technologies,.with.excellent.high.temperature.and.mechanical.stability.properties

“Microgel” clay greases are.excellent.multipurpose.products.with.

extreme.high.temperature.and.mechanical.stability.capabilities

Polyurea greases have.excellent.long.life.and.natural.antiwear.properties.but.are.better.suited.to.some.specialized.applications.rather.than.multipurpose.use

Grease Thickeners



APPENDIX

355

AP P E NDI X

355

Different.greases.may.not.be.compatible.with.each.other..Incompatibility.may.be.caused.by.the.different.thickening.agents.used.or.by.the.different.additives.used.in.greases..Thickener.incompatibility.usually.results.in.the.mixture.becoming.thinner.than.anticipated..Other.detrimental.effects.are.possible..

Due.to.the.complexity.of.this.problem.and.its.potential.seriousness,.and.as.opinions.vary.as.to.which.types.of.greases.are.compatible,.we.

have.chosen.not.to.include.a.grease.compatibility.chart

“RULE OF THUMB” As.a.general.rule.of.thumb,.it.is.best.to.assume.that.all.different.types.and.brands.of.greases.are.NOT COMPATIBLE.with.each.other.. When.changing.from.one.grease.to.another.it.is.best.to.completely.clean.the.grease.cavity.and.lubricated.surfaces..If.this.is.not.possible,.a.

thorough.purge.of.the.system.should.be.performed

Incompatibility.problems.are.more.critical.in.equipment.operating.at.higher.temperatures,.speeds.and.loads

SHELL CANADA’S GREASESThe.Lithium,.Calcium.and.mixed.Lithium-Calcium.greases,.as.manufactured.by.Shell.Canada,.are.compatible.with.each.other.and.our.“Microgel”.clay.based.greases..Clay.based.greases.can.be.incompatible.with.a.wide.range.of.thickeners.and.additive.technologies.but.Shell.Canada’s.Research.has.improved.this.technology.beyond.that.of.other.clay.based.greases,.such.that.compatibility.problems.are.much.less.of.an.issue

SRS.2000.greases.based.on.calcium.sulfonate.technology.are.known.to.have.compatibility.issues.with.lithium.complex.and.aluminum.

complex.type.greases

For.further.information.on.specific.grease.compatibility,.contact.the..Customer.Service.Center.at.1-800-661-1771.

Grease Compatibility



APPENDIX

356

356

NLGI GREASE GRADING SYSTEM

LGGrade# WRKEDPEETRAT (10thofmm)@25°C

000 445to475(measured

withalternatecone) (verysoft,semi-fluid)

00 400to430(measured withalternatecone)

0 355to385

1 310to340

2 265to295

3 220to250

4 175to205

5 130to160

6 85to115 (veryhard,blockgrease)

Note:.Gaps.exist.(in.the.penetration.numbers).between.the.official.NLGI.grades..This.allows.for.unofficial.half.grades..eg).a.grease.with.a.penetration.of.300mm.could.be.designated.as.a.15.grade

NLGI GREASE SERVICE CLASSIFICATIONS

LA-(Chassis) Mildduty,frequentrelubrication

LB-(Chassis) Highloads,waterexposure, infrequentrelubrication

GA-(WheelBearings) Mildduty

GB-(WheelBearings) Moderateduty,

typicalofmostvehicles

GC-(WheelBearings) Severeduty,hightemperature, frequentstopandgoservice

NLGI Grease Grading System/Service Classifications



APPENDIX

357

AP P E NDI X

Comparable Viscosity Grades

900

850

775

700

625550

500

450

400

365

315

280

ViscositycSt.

@40°C

205

175

140

115

85

60

40

30

20

10

0

50

42

40

38

3634

32

30

28

26

24

22

ViscositycSt.@100°C

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

S AGMA SAE SAE Grade o. Gear Motor il il

680

460

320

220

150

100

68

46

32

22

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

140

90

85W

80W

75W

50

40

30

20

10W

5W



APPENDIX

358

358

(lderSUSorSSUtocurrentcSt.ormm 2/s)

Assumes.that.viscosities.are.at.the.same.temperature.and.the.Viscosity.Index.is.95

. 35.SSU.~..25.cSt. 550.SSU.~.119.cSt

. 40.SSU.~..42.cSt. 600.SSU.~..129.cSt

. 45.SSU.~..58.cSt. 650.SSU.~..140.cSt

. 50.SSU.~..74.cSt. 700.SSU.~..151.cSt

. 55.SSU.~..88.cSt. 750.SSU.~..162.cSt

. 60.SSU.~..104.cSt. 800.SSU.~..173.cSt

. 65.SSU.~..118.cSt. 850.SSU.~..183.cSt

. 70.SSU.~..131.cSt. 900.SSU.~..195.cSt

. 75.SSU.~..144.cSt. 1,000.SSU.~..216.cSt

. 80.SSU.~..156.cSt. 1,100.SSU.~..237.cSt

. 85.SSU.~..170.cSt. 1,200.SSU.~..259.cSt

. 90.SSU.~..183.cSt. 1,300.SSU.~..280.cSt

. 95.SSU.~..194.cSt. 1,400.SSU.~..302.cSt

. 100.SSU.~..206.cSt. 1,500.SSU.~..324.cSt

. 110.SSU.~..229.cSt. 1,600.SSU.~..345.cSt

. 120.SSU.~..252.cSt. 1,700.SSU.~..368.cSt

. 130.SSU.~..275.cSt. 1,800.SSU.~..389.cSt

. 140.SSU.~..297.cSt. 1,900.SSU.~..411.cSt

. 150.SSU.~..319.cSt. 2,000.SSU.~..432.cSt

. 160.SSU.~..342.cSt. 2,100.SSU.~..453.cSt

. 170.SSU.~..365.cSt. 2,200.SSU.~..475.cSt

. 180.SSU.~..386.cSt. 2,300.SSU.~..496.cSt

. 190.SSU.~..408.cSt. 2,400.SSU.~..518.cSt

. 200.SSU.~..430.cSt. 2,500.SSU.~..539.cSt

. 225.SSU.~..485.cSt. 2,600.SSU.~..562.cSt

. 250.SSU.~..538.cSt. 2,700.SSU.~..584.cSt

. 275.SSU.~..592.cSt. 2,800.SSU.~.605.cSt

. 300.SSU.~..648.cSt. 2,900.SSU.~..627.cSt

. 325.SSU.~..701.cSt. 3,000.SSU.~..648.cSt

. 350.SSU.~..756.cSt. 3,500.SSU.~..756.cSt

. 375.SSU.~..811.cSt. 4,000.SSU.~..864.cSt

. 400.SSU.~..865.cSt. 5,000.SSU.~..1,080.cSt

. 425.SSU.~..920.cSt. 6,000.SSU.~..1,296.cSt

. 450.SSU.~..974.cSt. 7,000.SSU.~..1,509.cSt

. 475.SSU.~..1027.cSt........ 8,000.SSU.~..1,726.cSt

. 500.SSU.~..1080.cSt... 9,000.SSU.~..1,943.cSt

Viscosity Conversions



APPENDIX

359

AP P E NDI X

359

VISCOSITYSYSTEMFORINDUSTRIALLUBRICANTS-ASTMD-2422-86

Mid-Point Minimum Maximum AGMA ISO Viscosity Of Of (Gear) Grade CSt@40°C Grade Grade Number

VG2 2.2 1.98 2.4

VG3 3.2 2.88 3.52

VG5 4.6 4.14 5.06

VG7 6.8 6.12 7.48

VG10 10 9 11

VG15 15 13.5 16.5

VG22 22 19.8 24.2 VG32 32 28.8 35.2

VG46 46 41.4 50.6 1

VG68 68 61.2 74.8 2

VG100 100 90 110 3

VG150 150 135 165 4

VG220 220 198 242 5VG320 320 288 352 6

VG460 460 414 506 7

VG680 680 612 748 8

VG1000 1000 900 1100 8A

VG1500 1500 1350 1650

ISO Viscosity Grades



APPENDIX

360

360

ote:Allconversionsareat15.6°C

API Density API DensityGravity (kg/L) Gravity (kg/L)

0 1.074 21 0.926

1 1.066 22 0.920

2 1.058 23 0.914 3 1.050 24 0.908

4 1.042 25 0.902

5 1.034 26 0.896

6 1.027 27 0.891

7 1.020 28 0.885

8 1.012 29 0.880

9 1.005 30 0.874

10 0.998 31 0.869

11 0.991 32 0.864

12 0.984 33 0.858

13 0.977 34 0.853

14 0.970 35 0.848

15 0.964 36 0.843

16 0.957 37 0838

17 0.951 38 0.833

18 0.944 39 0.828

19 0.938 40 0.823 20 0.932 41 0.818

API Gravities and Densities



APPENDIX

361

AP P E NDI X

361

Linear Measurement:

1.inch.=.254.mm. . 1.mm.=.003937.inches1.foot.=.03048.meters. 1.cm.=.03937.inches1.yard.=.09144.meters. 1.m.=.3937.inches1.mile.=.16093.km.1.km.=.06214.miles1.nautical.mile.=.1852.km

Area Measurement:

1.sq.inch.=.64516.sq.cm. 1.sq.cm.=.01550.sq.inches1.sq.foot.=.009290.sq.m. 1.sq.m.=.107639.sqfeet1.sq.yard.=.08361.sq.m. 1.sq.m.=.11960.sq.yards1.sq.mile.=.25899.sq.km. 1.sq.km.=.03861.sq.miles1.acre.=.04047.hectares. 1.hectare.=.2471.acres

Cubic Measurement:

1.cu.inch.=.163871.cc.(ml). 1.cc.(ml).=.0061024.cu.inches1.cu.foot.=.002832.cu.m. 1.cu.m.=.353147.cu.feet1.cu.foot.=.283161.litres. 1.litre.=.00353.cu.feet1.cu.yard.=.07646.cu.m. 1.cu.m.=.13080.cu.yards

Volume Conversions:

1.Impgallon.=.4546.litres.=.120092.US.gallons. ......=.000456.cubic.metres.=.0028594.Bbls.(barrels)

. ......=.0160544.cufeet

1.litre.. =.021998.Imp.gallons.=.026417.US.gallons. =.0001000.cubic.metres.=.0006290.Bbls. =.00353157.cu.feet

1.cu.m.=.1000.litres1.cu.inch.=.164.cc.(ml)

1.Bbl.=.159.litres

Temperature Conversion:

°F.=.(°C.x.9/5).+.32°C.=.(°F.-.32).x.5/9

Pressure Conversion:

100.kPa.=.14504.PSI.=.1.bar

Conversion Factors



APPENDIX

362

362

Table of Temperature Conversions

°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F

-70 -94.0 -46 -50.8 -22 -7.6 2 35.6

-69 -92.2 -45 -49.0 -21 -5.8 3 37.4

-68 -90.4 -44 -47.2 -20 -4.0 4 39.2

-67 -88.6 -43 -45.4 -19 -2.2 5 41.0-66 -86.8 -42 -43.6 -18 -0.4 6 42.8

-65 -85.0 -41 -41.8 -17 1.4 7 44.6

-64 -83.2 -40 -40.0 -16 3.2 8 46.4

-63 -81.4 -39 -38.2 -15 5.0 9 48.2

-62 -79.6 -38 -36.4 -14 6.8 10 50.0-61 -77.8 -37 -34.6 -13 8.6 11 51.8

-60 -76.0 -36 -32.8 -12 10.4 12 53.6

-59 -74.2 -35 -31.0 -11 12.2 13 55.4

-58 -72.4 -34 -29.2 -10 14.0 14 57.2

-57 -70.6 -33 -37.4 -9 15.8 15 59.0

-56 -68.8 -32 -25.6 -8 17.6 16 60.8

-55 -67.0 -31 -23.8 -7 19.4 17 62.6

-54 -65.2 -30 -22.0 -6 21.2 18 64.4

-53 -63.4 -29 -20.2 -5 23.0 19 66.2

-52 -61.6 -28 -18.3 -4 24.8 20 68.0

-51 -59.8 -27 -16.6 -3 26.6 21 69.8

-50 -58.0 -26 -14.8 -2 28.4 22 71.6

-49 -56.2 -25 -13.0 -1 30.2 23 73.4

-48 -54.4 -24 -11.2 0 32.0 24 75.2

-47 -52.6 -23 -9.4 1 33.8 25 77.0



APPENDIX

363

AP P E NDI X

363


°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F

26 78.8 50 122.0 74 165.2 98 208.4

27 80.6 51 123.8 75 167.0 99 210.2

28 82.4 52 125.6 76 168.8 100 212.0

29 84.2 53 127.4 77 170.6 101 213.830 86.0 54 129.2 78 172.4 102 215.6

31 87.8 55 131.0 79 174.2 103 217.4

32 89.6 56 132.8 80 176.0 104 219.2

33 91.4 57 134.6 81 177.8 105 221.0

34 93.2 58 136.4 82 179.6 106 222.835 95.0 59 138.2 83 181.4 107 224.6

36 96.8 60 140.0 84 183.2 108 226.4

37 98.6 61 141.8 85 185.0 109 228.2

38 100.4 62 143.6 86 186.8 110 230.0

39 102.2 63 145.4 87 188.6 111 231.8

40 104.0 64 147.2 88 190.4 112 233.6

41 105.8 65 149.0 89 192.2 113 235.4

42 107.6 66 150.8 90 194.0 114 237.2

43 109.4 67 152.6 91 195.8 115 239.0

44 111.2 68 154.4 92 197.6 116 240.8

45 113.0 69 156.2 93 199.4 117 242.6

46 114.8 70 158.0 94 201.2 118 244.4

47 116.6 71 159.8 95 203.0 119 246.2

48 118.4 72 161.6 96 204.8 120 248.0

49 120.2 73 163.4 97 206.6 121 249.8



APPENDIX

°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F

122 251.6 146 294.8 170 338.0 194 381.2

123 253.4 147 296.6 171 339.8 195 383.0

124 255.2 148 298.4 172 341.6 196 384.8

125 257.0 149 300.2 173 343.4 197 386.6126 258.8 150 302.0 174 345.2 198 388.4

127 260.6 151 303.8 175 347.0 199 390.2

128 262.4 152 305.6 176 348.8 200 392.0

129 264.2 153 307.4 177 350.6 201 393.8

130 266.0 154 309.2 178 352.4 202 395.6131 267.8 155 311.0 179 354.2 203 397.4

132 269.6 156 312.8 180 356.0 204 399.2

133 271.4 157 314.6 181 357.8 205 401.0

134 273.2 158 316.4 182 359.6 206 402.8

135 275.0 159 318.2 183 361.4 207 404.6

136 276.8 160 320.0 184 363.2 208 406.4

137 278.6 161 321.8 185 365.0 209 408.2

138 280.4 162 323.6 186 366.8 210 410.0

139 282.2 163 325.4 187 368.6 211 411.6

140 284.0 164 327.2 188 370.4 212 413.6

141 285.8 165 329.0 189 372.2 213 415.4

142 287.6 166 330.8 190 374.0 214 417.2

143 289.4 167 332.6 191 375.8 215 419.0

144 291.2 168 334.4 192 377.6 216 420.8

145 293.0 169 336.2 193 379.4 217 422.6


handbook appendix

Documents