Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Edition

Tyler Hicks, Nicholas Chopey

(Editor, Industrial and Engineering Books, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, Chemical

Engineering Magazine)

_______________________________________________________________________________

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About the author

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Table of contents

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About the book

Solve chemical engineering problems quickly and accurately

Fully revised throughout with new procedures, Handbook of Chemical Engineering

Calculations, Fourth Edition shows how to solve the main process-related problems that often

arise in chemical engineering practice. New calculations reflect the latest green technologies

and environmental engineering standards.

Featuring contributions from global experts, this comprehensive guide is packed with worked-

out numerical procedures. Practical techniques help you to solve problems manually or by

using computer-based methods. By following the calculations presented in this book, you will

be able to achieve accurate results with minimal time and effort.

Coverage includes:

Physical and chemical properties

Stoichiometry

Phase equilibrium

Chemical reaction equilibrium

Reaction kinetics, reactor design, and system thermodynamics

Flow of fluids and solids

Heat transfer

Distillation

Extraction and leaching

Crystallization

Absorption and stripping

Liquid agitation

Size reduction

Filtration

Air pollution control

Water pollution control

Biotechnology

Cost engineering

Book details

ISBN: 9780071768047 / 0071768041

Division: Professional & Medical

Pub Date: JUL-12

Pages: 768

Copyright: 2012

Edition: 4

Format: Hardback

Pump User's Handbook: Life Extension

Heinz P. Bloch, Allan R. Budris

Taylor & Francis, 2010 - 500 pages

Now available in its fully revised third edition, this practical guide explains

how to achieve consistently superior run lengths, low maintenance

expenditures, and unexcelled safety and reliability in all of your pump applications. Written by

two practicing engineers whose combined 80-years of experience include all conceivable facets

of pumping technology, this handbook details what facilities must do to achieve superior

performance and low life-cycle cost for pumps of all types and sizes.The Pump User's

Handbook: Life Extension, Third Edition includes updates on straight-pipe requirements

upstream of pump suction nozzles, details on temporary suction strainers, control strategies,

detailed explanations and fully illustrated coverage of all API seal plans in use today, and case

studies in mechanical seal upgrading. The demonstrated vulnerability of traditional oil slinger

rings is contrasted against the sound rationale of solid oil flinger discs widely used in Europe.

Small-scale oil mist lubrication units are highlighted and new field-installed pump vibration

limits are tabulated.This new edition maintains a focus on modern canned motor pumps that now

range to 700 hp and pressures in excess of 2000 psi. Recessed impeller pumps with advantageous

axial-spiral discharge volutes and energy-efficient "Split-Flow" pumps are explained. The text

also provides details on combining pump maintenance with systematic upgrading.Aimed at

operating technicians, maintenance professionals, project engineers, reliability engineers and

managers, the book is intended for every job function that comes in contact with process pumps.

Utilities, power generation facilities, pulp and paper plants, consumer product manufacturers,

pharmaceutical plants, mining operations, chemical and petrochemical plants, municipal works,

oil and gas pipelines, and oil refineries are among those that can significantly profit from

implementing the guidelines described in this unique, experience-based text.

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Book Description

Publication Date: December 31, 2012 | ISBN-10: 0831134461 | ISBN-13: 978-0831134464 | Edition: 1

This is a solid reference book for plumbers and welders who need more information on pipe "fitting''(vs.

''bending''); contains an excellent section on ''rigging'' and valuable welding applications. The unique 8-

1/2'' X 11'' format makes effective use of a lot of company-supplied, ''real-world'' drawings, drafting art,

photos, and tables. Unlike in other books of its kind the tables and drawings do not spill over multiple

pages, making it easier for the user to understand what is illustrated. Written with the ''academic''

market in mind as well, it's a perfect fit for a course the author taught on piping and pipe fitting in a

drafting lab at a high-end community college.

Product Details

Paperback: 256 pages

Publisher: Industrial Press; 1 edition (December 31, 2012)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0831134461

ISBN-13: 978-0831134464

Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item

Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #14,412,131 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Pump Characteristics and Applications, Third Edition (MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING) [Hardcover] Michael Volk (Author)

5.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (4 customer reviews)

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Book Description

Publication Date: October 21, 2013 | ISBN-10: 1466563087 | ISBN-13: 978-1466563087 |

Edition: 3

Providing a wealth of information on pumps and pump systems, Pump Characteristics and

Applications, Third Edition details how pump equipment is selected, sized, operated,

maintained, and repaired. The book identifies the key components of pumps and pump

accessories, introduces the basics of pump and system hydraulics as well as more advanced

hydraulic topics, and details various pump types, as well as special materials on seals, motors,

variable frequency drives, and other pump-related subjects. It uses example problems throughout

the text, reinforcing the practical application of the formulae and analytical presentations. It also

includes new images highlighting the latest generation of pumps and other components, explores

troubleshooting options, and incorporates relevant additions into the existing chapters.

What’s New in This Edition:

Includes more than 150 full-color images which significantly improve the reader’s ability

to understand pump drawings and curves

Introduces a new chapter on pump case studies in a format that provides case study

background, analysis, solutions, and lessons learned

Presents important new updates and additions to other chapters

Includes a ten-step procedure for determining total pump head

Discusses allowable and preferred operating ranges for centrifugal pumps

Provides charts covering maximum and normally attainable pump efficiencies,

performance corrections for slurry pumps, and mechanical seal flush plans

Pump Characteristics and Applications, Third Edition is appropriate for readers with all

levels of technical experience, including engineering and pump industry professionals, pump

operators and maintenance technicians, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in

mechanical engineering, and students in engineering technology programs.

Product Details

Series: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (Book 223)

Hardcover: 516 pages

Publisher: CRC Press; 3 edition (October 21, 2013)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1466563087

ISBN-13: 978-1466563087

Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.2 x 1.1 inches

Shipping Weight: 2.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Quality Concepts for the Process Industry [Paperback] Michael Speegle (Author)

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Why Quality is Important

How It All Began

The Quality Gurus

ISO 9000 (2000)

Total Quality Management

Customer Satisfaction

Employee Empowerment

Teamwork and Teams

Communication

Personal Effectiveness

The Economics of Quality

Quality as a System

The Cost of Quality

4,662,580 Documents loading chapter content ...

Quality Tools (Part 1)

Quality Tools (Part 2)

Variation

Concepts of Statistical Quality Control

SPC and Control Charts

Process Capability

Epilogue

Chemical Engineering: An Introduction

Morton Denn

Cambridge University Press, 30-Sep-2011 - Technology & Engineering

0 Reviews

'Chemical engineering is the field of applied science that employs physical, chemical, and biological rate

processes for the betterment of humanity'. This opening sentence of Chapter 1 has been the underlying

paradigm of chemical engineering. Chemical Engineering: An Introduction is designed to enable the

student to explore the activities in which a modern chemical engineer is involved by focusing on mass

and energy balances in liquid-phase processes. Problems explored include the design of a feedback level

controller, membrane separation, hemodialysis, optimal design of a process with chemical reaction and

separation, washout in a bioreactor, kinetic and mass transfer limits in a two-phase reactor, and the use

of the membrane reactor to overcome equilibrium limits on conversion. Mathematics is employed as a

language at the most elementary level. Professor Morton M. Denn incorporates design meaningfully;

the design and analysis problems are realistic in format and scope.

« Less

Contents

1 Chemical Engineering 1

2 Basic Concepts of Analysis 23

3 The Balance Equation 60

4 Component Mass Balances 66

5 Membrane Separation 81

6 Chemically Reacting Systems 96

7 Designing Reactors 115

8 Bioreactors and Nonlinear Systems 130

10 TwoPhase Systems and Interfacial Mass Transfer 144

11 Equilibrium Staged Processes 168

12 Energy Balances 187

13 Heat Exchange 202

14 Energy Balances for Multicomponent Systems 217

15 Energy Balances for Reacting Systems 233

Postface 255

Index 257

9 Overcoming Equilibrium 140

Copyright

Chemical Engineering: An Introduction (Cambridge Series in Chemical

Engineering) Paperback – September 30, 2011 by Morton Denn (Author)

3 customer reviews

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Paperback $44.10 20 Used from $30.60 39 New from $36.63

Process Plant Equipment: Operation, Control, and Reliability (Google

eBook)

Michael D. Holloway, Chikezie Nwaoha, Oliver A. Onyewuenyi

John Wiley & Sons, 20-Sep-2012 - Technology & Engineering - 728 pages

1 Review

“Process Plant Equipment Book is another great publication from Wiley as a reference book for

final year students as well as those who will work or are working in chemical production plants

and refinery…” -Associate Prof. Dr. Ramli Mat, Deputy Dean (Academic), Faculty of Chemical

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

“…give[s] readers access to both fundamental information on process plant equipment and to

practical ideas, best practices and experiences of highly successful engineers from around the

world… The book is illustrated throughout with numerous black & white photos and diagrams

and also contains case studies demonstrating how actual process plants have implemented the

tools and techniques discussed in the book. An extensive list of references enables readers to

explore each individual topic in greater depth…” –Stainless Steel World and Valve World,

November 2012

Contents

SECTION II PROCESS PLANT RELIABILITY 329

SECTION III PROCESS MEASUREMENT CONTROL AND MODELING 585

Appendix I Methods for Measuring Process Temperature 653

Appendix II Airflow Troubleshooting 659

Appendix III MIG Shielding Gas Control and Optimization 663

Appendix IV Rupture Disk Selection 665

Appendix V Pressure Gauge Selection

66

9

Appendix VI Corrosion and Its Mitigation in the Oil and Gas Industries

67

3

Appendix VII Mixers

68

1

Glossary of Processing Terms

68

5

Index

69

3

Copyright

Process Plant Equipment: Operation, Control, and Reliability [Hardcover] Michael D. Holloway (Editor), Chikezie Nwaoha (Editor), Oliver A. Onyewuenyi (Editor)

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Process Plant Machinery, Second Edition

Heinz P Bloch

Elsevier, 1998 - Business & Economics - 734 pages

1 Review

Process Plant Machinery provides the mechanical, chemical or plant engineer with the information

needed to choose equipment best suited for a particular process, to determine optimum efficiency, and

to conduct basic troubleshooting and maintenance procedures.

Process Plant Machinery is a unique single-source reference for engineers, managers and technical

personnel who need to acquire an understanding of the machinery used in modern process plants:

prime movers and power transmission machines; pumping equipment; gas compression machinery; and

mixing, conveying, and separation equipment. Starting with an overview of each class, the book quickly

leads the reader through practical applications and size considerations into profusely illustrated

component descriptions. Where necessary, standard theory is expertly explained in shortcut formulas

and graphs. Maintainability and vulnerability concerns are dealt with as well.

Fully updated with all new equipment available

Comprehensive Coverage

Multi-industry relevance

Contents

Gear Speed Transmission Equipment 27

Gas Turbines 45

Gas Engines 121

Steam Turbines 135

Centrifugal Pumps 207

Positive Displacement Pumps 309

Vacuum Pumps 337

Cooling Water Supply Systems 345

Reciprocating Compressors 539

Rotating Positive Displacement Compressors 595

Mixers and Agitators 617

Separators 633

Single and TwinScrew Extruders 651

Scraped Surface Crystallizers Dewaxers and Chillers 679

ConveyorBased Processing Systems 695

Filtration Systems 707

Centrifugal Compressors 363

Axial Flow Compressors 475

Propeller Axial and Centrifugal Fans 517

Appendix Units Conversion Tables

71

5

Index

72

5

Copyright

Process Plant Machinery, Second Edition [Hardcover] Heinz P. Bloch (Author), Claire Soares EMM Systems Dallas Texas USAPrincipal Engineer (P. E.) (Author)

5.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (1 customer review)

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5 new from $393.70 12 used from $143.25

Process plant layout and piping design

Ed Bausbacher, Roger W. Hunt

PTR Prentice Hall, 22-Jul-1993 - Technology & Engineering - 442 pages

0 Reviews

Based on the authors' collective 65 years of experience in the engineering construction industry, this

profusely illustrated, comprehensive guidebook presents tried-and-true workable methods and rules of

thumb for plant layout and piping design for the process industries. Content is organized and presented

for quick-reference on-the-job or for systematic study of specific topics. Presents general concepts and

principles of plant layout -- from basic terminology and input requirements to deliverables; deals with

specific pieces of equipment and their most efficient layout in the overall plant design configuration;

addresses the plant layout requirements for the most common process unit equipment; covers piping

requirements for the entire plant as well as all equipment types; and considers the computerized tools

that are now available to help plant layout and piping designers. Features more than 640 illustrations of

equipment, piping and other components of processing facility -- and their configurations. MARKETS:

For mechanical and chemical engineers working for engineering construction as well as process

manufacturing companies with responsibility for plant layout, piping, and construction; and for

engineering students.

« Less

Contents

The Basics of Plant Layout Design 1

Plant Layout Specification 19

Plot Plans 27

38 other sections not shown

Process Plant Layout and Piping Design Paperback – Facsimile, Import by Ed Bausbacher (Author), Roger Hunt (Author)

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nstrumentation And Process Control

Terry L. M. Bartelt

Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006 - Technology & Engineering - 283 pages

0 Reviews

Delve into the components, circuits, instruments, and control techniques being used in today's high-tech

process control technology field! Ideal for technicians who will be installing, troubleshooting, repairing,

tuning, and calibrating these devices in a process control facility, this outstanding book fosters both an

understanding and appreciation for the instrumentation and process control field. The author employs

an easy reading style that creatively sidesteps high-level math while providing learners with an in-depth,

practical application approach to essential process control concepts. Topics surveyed include such

essential industrial automation control techniques as On/Off, PID, Ratio, Cascade, Feedforward,

Adaptive, and more.

Instrumentation and Process Control Paperback – Import, 28 Dec 2006 by Terry L. M. Bartelt (Author)

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Process Engineering for a Small Planet: How to Reuse, Re-Purpose, and

Retrofit Existing Process Equipment (Google eBook)

Norman P. Lieberman

John Wiley & Sons, 25-Feb-2011 - Technology & Engineering - 296 pages

0 Reviews

Methods for more planet-friendly process engineering

Our earth is just one big, complex Process Facility with limited air, water, and mineral resources.

It responds to a number of process variables—among them, humanity and the environmental

effects of our carbon consumption. What can professionals in the Hydrocarbon Process Industry

do to retard environmental degradation? Rather than looking to exotic technology for solutions,

Process Engineering for a Small Planet details ready-at-hand methods that the process engineer

can employ to help combat the environmental crisis.

Drawing from the author's professional experience working with petroleum refineries petroleum

refineries, petrochemical plants, and natural gas wells, this handbook explains how to operate

and retrofit process facilities to:

Reuse existing process equipment Save energy Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Expand plant capacity without installing new equipment Reduce corrosion and equipment failures

Covering topics from expanding fractionator and compressor capacity and vacuum tower heater

expansion to minimizing process water consumption and increasing centrifugal pump capacity,

Process Engineering for a Small Planet offers big ideas for saving our small planet.

Process Engineering for a Small Planet: How to Reuse, Re-Purpose, and

Retrofit Existing Process Equipment Hardcover – Import, 3 Sep 2010 by Norman P. Lieberman (Author)

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Measurement and Instrumentation: Theory and Application (Google

eBook)

Alan S Morris, Reza Langari

Academic Press, 31-Aug-2011 - Technology & Engineering - 640 pages

0 Reviews

Measurement and Instrumentation introduces undergraduate engineering students to the

measurement principles and the range of sensors and instruments that are used for measuring

physical variables. Based on Morris’s Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, this brand

new text has been fully updated with coverage of the latest developments in such measurement

technologies as smart sensors, intelligent instruments, microsensors, digital recorders and

displays and interfaces. Clearly and comprehensively written, this textbook provides students

with the knowledge and tools, including examples in LABVIEW, to design and build

measurement systems for virtually any engineering application. The text features chapters on

data acquisition and signal processing with LabVIEW from Dr. Reza Langari, Professor of

Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University.

Measurement and Instrumentation: Theory and Application Paperback –

Import, 20 Oct 2011 by Alan S. Morris (Author), Reza Langari (Author)

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Process Control for Practitioners: How to Tune PID Controllers and

Optimize Control Loops

Jacques F. Smuts

OptiControls, Incorporated, 30-Sep-2011 - Industrial equipment - 315 pages

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The Practical Guide to Control Loop Optimization. Tune PID controllers more effectively, in less time, and

ensure long-term loop stability. Here is your complete reference for improving control loop

performance, solving process control problems, and designing control strategies. You will refer to this

guide again and again. You will discover how easy it is to: Understand PID controllers, their control

actions, settings, and options; Identify process dynamics and their effects on loop performance and

controller tuning; Get the best possible performance from a control loop; Tune controllers differently to

achieve specific control objectives; Identify the root cause (or causes) of poor control performance; Use

techniques like linearization and gain scheduling to ensure consistent loop response and long-term

stability; Design and optimize control strategies like cascade, feedforward, and ratio control to improve

control performance and reduce variability; Monitor loop performance and pinpoint control problems.

Process Control for Practitioners Hardcover – 14 Oct 2011 by Jacques F. Smuts (Author)

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Exposure To Boilers for Practicing Engineers and Students Hardcover – 6

Feb 2012 by G.S. Aglave (Author)

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Product details

Hardcover: 456 pages

Publisher: New Age International Pvt. Ltd.; 2 edition (6 February 2012)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 812243424X

ISBN-13: 978-8122434248

Product Dimensions: 24.4 x 19.4 x 2.8 cm

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High pressure boilers

Frederick M. Steingress, Harold J. Frost

American Technical Publishers, 1986 - Technology & Engineering - 265 pages

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Contents

Fielderected Boilers 14

Basic Boiler Room Systems 49

Steam and Water Accessories 67

Fuel Burning Equipment 89

Draft 109

and Fuel Oil Draft System Chain Traveling Grate Stoker Draft System 117

Combustion 123

Combustion Controls 13

7

High

Pressure

Boilers [Paperback] Frederick M.

Steingress

(Author), Harold

J. Frost (Author),

Daryl R. Walker

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Instrumentation and Process Control Paperback – 12 Jan 2009 by Janardan Prasad (Author), M.N. Jayaswal (Author), & 1 More

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Process Control: Theory and Applications

Jean-Pierre Corriou

Springer Science & Business Media, 18-Mar-2004 - Computers - 752 pages

1 Review

In Process Control, a wide range of identification and control methods applicable to processes

are accompanied by typical comparable examples, encouraging you to make comparisons.

The initial classical approach to continuous control by transfer functions will be of enormous

benefit, whether you are a student beginning in control or an engineer in industry who, up until

now, has only had a superficial or empirical contact with control. The more advanced material on

discrete control and state-space control, as well as nonlinear control and observers, requires

minimal previous knowledge, allowing you to make better use of techniques with proven

performance.

• Introduces concepts of progressively increasing difficulty, smoothing the path to learning the

more advanced theories and control methods.

• For each topic, the theories, techniques and algorithms are presented in detail, with numberous

references.

• The comparative consideration of different approaches to similar problems deepens your

understanding.

• Examples that you can reproduce to master the different techniques.

Broad coverage creates an important synthesis of the spectrum of control theory and its process-

industry-related applications. Different levels of reading are possible, opening this powerful

source of information to engineers, academics, researchers and students alike.

« Less

Contents

Dynamic Modelling of Chemical Processes 3

13 Process Description from the Control Engineers Viewpoint 4

14 Model Classification 7

15 StateSpace Models 8

16 Examples of Models in Chemical Engineering 9

162 DistributedParameter Systems 18

163 Degrees of Freedom 19

17 Process Stability 20

102 NonParametric Identification 373

1022 Identification by Correlation Analysis 374

1023 Spectral Identification 376

103 Parametric Identification 379

Then it is possible to know the system response to both input and disturbance 380

1033 pStep Predictions 385

Models and Methods for Parametric Identification 387

1112 Models for Estimation in State Space 397

19 Laplace Transform 21

191 Linearization and Deviation Variables What is a Nonlinear Model? 22

192 Some Important Properties of Laplace Transformation 24

193 Transfer Function 27

194 Poles and Zeros of a Transfer Function 35

195 Qualitative Analysis of a System Response 36

110 Linear Systems in State Space 39

1102 Analog Representation 40

111 Dynamic Behaviour of Simple Processes 42

1111 FirstOrder Systems 44

1112 Integrating Systems 45

1113 SecondOrder Systems 46

1114 HigherOrder Systems 50

1115 Process Identification in the Continuous Domain 57

Linear Feedback Control 65

212 General Types of Controllers 67

213 Sensors 69

214 Transmission Lines 71

22 Block Diagrams SignalFlow Graphs Calculation Rules 73

23 Dynamics of FeedbackControlled Processes 82

231 Study of Different Actions 85

232 Influence of Proportional Action 86

233 Influence of Integral Action 90

234 Influence of Derivative Action 93

235 Summary of Controllers Characteristics 97

Stability Analysis 103

32 StateSpace Analysis 104

322 Case of a Linear Continuous System 109

The Polymerization Reactor 111

324 StateSpace Analysis of a Linear System 117

33 Stability Analysis of Feedback Systems 118

331 RouthHurwitz Criterion 119

332 Root Locus Analysis 121

333 Frequency Method 126

Design of Feedback Controllers 129

42 Transient Response Characteristics 131

44 Choice of PID Controller 134

442 Recommendations 135

45 PID Controller Tuning 136

452 Sustained Oscillation Method 137

453 Relay Oscillation Method 138

454 Process Reaction Curve Method 143

46 PID Improvement 145

461 PID Controller with Derivative Action on the Measured Output 146

462 Use of a Reference Trajectory 147

463 Discretized PID Controller 148

464 AntiWindup Controller 149

465 PID Control by On_Off Action 150

466 pH Control 153

47 Direct Synthesis Method 158

49 PolePlacement 165

491 Robustness of PolePlacement Control 171

492 Unitary Feedback Controller 173

4101 Regulation Behaviour 174

4102 Tracking Behaviour 175

Chapter 5 Frequency Analysis 183

512 Note on Complex Numbers 185

513 Case of any Linear Process 186

514 Case of Linear Systems in Series 187

52 Graphical Representation 188

522 nthOrder System 190

523 Nyquist Plot 192

524 nthOrder System 194

525 Black Plot 195

54 Frequency Response of Feedback Controllers 196

543 Ideal ProportionalDerivative Controller 197

544 ProportionalIntegralDerivative Controller Ideal PID Controller 198

55 Bode Stability Criterion 201

56 Gain and Phase Margins 206

561 Gain Margin 207

562 Phase Margin 208

57 Nyquist Stability Criterion 213

58 ClosedLoop Frequency Response 215

59 Internal Model Principle 220

510 Robustness 221

511 Summary for Controller Design 237

Improvement of Control Systems 239

62 Inverse Response Compensation 241

63 Cascade Control 244

64 Selective Control 249

65 SplitRange Control 250

66 Feedforward Control 251

662 Application in Distillation 252

663 Synthesis of a Feedforward Controller 253

664 Realization of a Feedforward Controller 255

665 Feedforward and Feedback Control 256

67 Ratio Control 258

State Representation Controllability and Observability 261

712 Multivariable System 263

72 Controllability 264

73 Observability 268

74 Realizations 271

75 Remark on Controllability and Observability in Discrete Time 275

Multivariable Control 277

Multivariable Control by Transfer Function Matrix 279

83 Stability Study 282

834 Characteristic Loci 283

835 Gershgorin Circles 284

836 Niederlinski Index 286

842 Disturbance Rejection 291

844 Relative Gain Array 292

845 Gershgorin Circles and Interaction 298

86 Robustness Study of a 2 x 2 Distillation Column 303

862 Ideal Decoupling Analysis 304

863 OneWay Decoupling Analysis 305

871 Controller Tuning by the Largest Modulus Method 306

88 Discrete Multivariable Internal Model Control 307

DiscreteTime Identification 311

DiscreteTime Generalities and Basic Signal Processing 313

91 Fourier Transformation and Signal Processing 314

912 Discrete Fourier Transform 320

913 Stochastic Signals 322

914 Stochastic Stationary Signals 324

915 Summary 325

92 Sampling 329

922 Choice of Sampling Period 330

93 Filtering 336

931 FirstOrder Filter 337

932 SecondOrder Filter 338

933 Moving Average Filter 339

94 DiscreteTime and FiniteDifferences Models 340

95 Different Discrete Representations of a System 341

ctransform 342

952 Conversion of a Continuous Description in Discrete Time 362

953 Operators 365

Chapter 10 Identification Principles 371

1012 Disturbance Representation 372

112 Models of Time Varying Linear Systems 406

113 Linearization of Nonlinear Time Varying Models 407

1142 Linear Regression and Least Squares 409

1143 Maximum Likelihood Method Principle of Maximum Likelihood 412

1144 Correlation of Prediction Errors with Past Data 415

1145 Instrumental Variable Method 416

Parametric Estimation Algorithms 421

122 Gradient Methods 423

1221 Gradient Method Based on a Priori Error 424

1222 Gradient Method Based on a Posteriori Error 427

123 Recursive Algorithms 429

1232 Recursive Extended Least Squares 438

1234 Recursive Maximum Likelihood 439

1235 Recursive Prediction Error Method 440

1236 Instrumental Variable Method 443

1237 Output Error Method 444

125 Validation 447

126 Input Sequences for Identification 448

127 Identification Examples 450

1272 Identification of a Simulated Chemical Reactor 456

Discrete Time Control 461

Digital Control 463

1313 Relation between PolePlacement and State Feedback 470

1314 General PolePlacement Design 474

1315 Digital PID Controller 481

132 Discrete Internal Model Control 483

133 Generalities in Adaptive Control 488

Optimal Control 493

142 Problem Statement 494

143 Variational Method in the Mathematical Framework 496

1431 Variation of the Criterion 497

1432 Variational Problem without Constraints Fixed Boundaries 499

1434 HamiltonJacob Equation 502

144 Optimal Control 504

1442 Variation of the Criterion 505

1443 Euler Conditions 506

1444 Weierstrass Condition and Hamiltonian Maximization 508

1446 Maximum Principle 512

1447 Singular Arcs 514

1448 Numerical Issues 521

145 Dynamic Programming 525

1452 HamiltonJacobiBellman Equation 530

146 Linear Quadratic Control 531

1462 Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control 541

Generalized Predictive Control 555

152 Brief Overview of Predictive Control Evolution 556

153 Simple Generalized Predictive Control 557

Generalized Predictive Control of a Chemical Reactor 561

1533 GPC seen as a PolePlacement 562

154 Generalized Predictive Control with Multiple Reference Model 564

Generalized Predictive Control with Performance Model of a Chemical Reactor 566

155 Partial State Reference Model Control 568

Model Predictive Control 575

162 Linear Model Predictive Control 580

1622 In the Presence of Constraints 581

1625 Quadratic Dynamic Matrix Control QDMC 588

1626 StateSpace Formulation of Dynamic Matrix Control 590

1627 StateSpace Linear Model Predictive Control as OBMPC 591

1628 StateSpace Linear Model Predictive Control as General Optimization 594

163 Nonlinear Model Predictive Control 595

1632 Other Approaches of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control 597

164 Model Predictive Control of a FCC 600

Nonlinear Control 617

Nonlinear Geometric Control 619

171 Some Linear Notions Useful in Nonlinear Control 620

1712 Relative Degree 621

1713 Normal Form and Relative Degree 622

1714 Zero Dynamics 624

1715 Static State Feedback 625

1717 InputOutput PolePlacement 627

1722 Relative Degree of a Monovariable Nonlinear System 629

1723 Frobenius Theorem 630

1724 Coordinates Change 632

1725 Normal Form 633

1726 Controllability and Observability 634

1727 Principle of Feedback Linearization 635

1729 InputOutput Linearization of a System with Relative Degree r Lower than or Equal to n 638

17210 Zero Dynamics 639

17211 Asymptotic Stability 642

17212 Tracking of a Reference Trajectory 644

17214 Case of NonminimumPhase Systems 646

173 Multivariable Nonlinear Control 647

1731 Relative Degree 648

1732 Coordinate Change 649

1734 Zero Dynamics 650

1735 Exact Linearization by State Feedback and Diffeomorphism 651

1737 Obtaining a Relative Degree by Dynamic Extension 653

1738 Nonlinear Adaptive Control 654

State Observers 657

1811 Indirect Sensors 658

182 Parameter Estimation 659

1831 About the Data 660

1833 Partial Least Squares 662

184 Observers 663

1842 Linear Kalman Filter 664

1844 Globally Linearizing Observer 666

1845 HighGain Observer 667

185 Conclusion 669

Applications to Processes 673

Nonlinear Control of Reactors with State Estimation 675

192 Chemical Reactor 676

1922 Control Problem Setting 677

1923 Control Law 679

1924 State Estimation 681

1925 Simulation Results 683

193 Biological Reactor 687

1933 Synthesis of the Nonlinear Control Law 689

1934 Simulation Conditions 692

1935 Simulation Results 693

1936 Conclusion 694

Distillation Column Control 699

202 Dynamic Model of the Distillation Column 702

203 Generalities for Distillation Column Control 706

204 Different Types of Distillation Column Control 708

2043 The Column as a 5 x 5 System 710

2044 Linear Digital Control 712

2045 Model Predictive Control 714

2046 Bilinear Models 715

2047 Nonlinear Control 718

205 Conclusion 722

Examples and Benchmarks of Typical Processes 727

2112 Description by a StateSpace Knowledge Model 728

2113 Description by a Linear StateSpace Model A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor 734

2122 Description by a Linear StateSpace Model 737

2123 Description by a StateSpace Knowledge Model A Semibatch Reactor 739

2124 Continuous StateSpace Models 741

Copyright

Common terms and phrases

Process Control: Theory and Applications [Hardcover] Jean-Pierre Corriou (Author)

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ndustrial Automation: Hands On (Google eBook)

Frank Lamb

McGraw Hill Professional, 03-Jun-2013 - Technology & Engineering - 368 pages

0 Reviews

A practical guide to industrial automation concepts, terminology, and applications

Industrial Automation: Hands-On is a single source of essential information for those involved

in the design and use of automated machinery. The book emphasizes control systems and offers

full coverage of other relevant topics, including machine building, mechanical engineering and

devices, manufacturing business systems, and job functions in an industrial environment.

Detailed charts and tables serve as handy design aids. This is an invaluable reference for novices

and seasoned automation professionals alike.

COVERAGE INCLUDES: * Automation and manufacturing * Key concepts used in automation, controls, machinery

design, and documentation * Components and hardware * Machine systems * Process systems

and automated machinery * Software * Occupations and trades * Industrial and factory business

systems, including Lean manufacturing * Machine and system design * Applications

« Less

Contents

1 Automation and Manufacturing 1

2 Important Concepts 9

3 Components and Hardware 61

4 Machine Systems 165

5 Process Systems and Automated Machinery 185

6 Software 219

7 Occupations and Trades 251

8 Industrial and Factory Business Systems 263

ASCII Table 317

Ampacity 326

Motor Sizing 327

NEMA Enclosure Tables 332

Manufacturers Machine Builders and Integrators 336

Thermocouples 341

Bibliography 345

Index 347

9 Machine and System Design 287

10 Applications 305

Copyright

Industrial Automation: Hands On Hardcover – Import, 1 Jul 2013 by Frank Lamb (Author)

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Overview of Industrial Process Automation

K. L. S. Sharma

Elsevier, 2011 - Technology & Engineering - 293 pages

1 Review

Man-made or industrial processes, localised or geographically distributed, need be automated in

order to ensure they produce quality, consistent, and cost-effective goods or services.

Automation systems for these processes broadly consist of instrumentation, control, human

interface, and communication subsystems.

This book introduces the basics of philosophy, technology, terminology, and practices of modern

automation systems with simple illustrations and examples.

Provides an introduction to automation Explains the concepts through simple illustrations and examples Describes how to understand technical documents

« Less

Overview of Industrial Process Automation Hardcover – Import, 19 Aug

2011 by K.L.S Sharma (Author)

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Paperback

Contents

1 Why Automation? 1

2 Automation System Structure 15

3 Instrumentation Subsystem 25

4 Control Subsystem 41

5 Human Interface Subsystem 47

6 Automation Strategies 53

7 Programmable Control Subsystem 63

8 Hardware Structure of Controller 81

14 System Availability

17

7

15 Common Configurations

18

9

16 Advanced InputOutput System

19

3

17 Concluding Remarks

20

7

A Hardwired Control Subsystem 21

3

B Processor

23

5

C HardwareSoftware Interfacing

24

5

D Instruction Set of Processor

25

5

9 Software Structure of Controller 103

10 Programming of Controller 113

11 Advanced Human Interface 135

12 Types of Automation Systems 153

13 SpecialPurpose Controllers 165

E Basics of Programming

25

7

F Advanced Control Strategies

27

3

G Power Supply System 28

5

H Further Reading

29

1

Copyright

Practical Plant Failure Analysis: A Guide to Understanding Machinery

Deterioration and Improving Equipment Reliability (Google eBook)

Neville W. Sachs

CRC Press, 18-Aug-2006 - Technology & Engineering - 288 pages

2 Reviews

Component failures result from a combination of factors involving materials science, mechanics,

thermodynamics, corrosion, and tribology. With the right guidance, you don’t have to be an authority in

all of these areas to become skilled at diagnosing and preventing failures. Based on the author’s more

than thirty years of experience, Practical Plant Failure Analysis: A Guide to Understanding Machinery

Deterioration and Improving Equipment Reliability is a down-to-earth guide to improving machinery

maintenance and reliability.

Illustrated with hundreds of diagrams and photographs, this book examines...

· When and how to conduct a physical failure analysis

· Basic material properties including heat treating mechanisms, work hardening, and the

effects of temperature changes on material properties

· The differences in appearance between ductile overload, brittle overload, and fatigue

failures

· High cycle fatigue and how to differentiate between high stress concentrations and high

operating stresses

· Low cycle fatigue and unusual fatigue situations

· Lubrication and its influence on the three basic bearing designs

· Ball and roller bearings, gears, fasteners, V-belts, and synchronous belts

Taking a detailed and systematic approach, Practical Plant Failure Analysis thoroughly

explains the four major failure mechanisms—wear, corrosion, overload, and fatigue—as well as

how to identify them. The author clearly identifies how these mechanisms appear in various

components and supplies convenient charts that demonstrate how to identify the specific causes

of failure.

« Less

Contents

An Introduction to Failure Analysis 1

Root cause Analysis RCA and Understanding the Roots 3

Human Roots 4

The Human Error Study 6

Latent Roots 8

The Benefits and Savings 10

Using Logic Trees 12

Some General Considerations on Failure Analysis 15

Hydrogen Embrittlement 122

Lubrication and Wear 123

Basic Bearing Lubrication 124

Hydrodynamic Action 125

Manufacturing a Lubricant 127

Viscosity Index 128

Greases 132

The PressureViscosity Coefficient 133

Diagnosing the Failure 17

Finding the Physical Roots 18

Introduction to Materials Stresses and Strains 21

Determining the Failure Mechanisms 22

Summary 24

Materials and the Sources of Stresses 25

Elasticity 26

Modulus of Elasticity Youngs Modulus 28

Fatigue 29

Fatigue Strength vs Time 30

Some Basic Metallurgy 32

Carbon Steels 33

Iron and its Alloying Elements 35

AISI Numbering Code 36

Plain Carbon Steel The Basics 37

Cast Iron 38

Strengthening Metals 39

Cold Working 40

Thermal Expansion 41

Summary 43

Overload Failures 45

Temperature Effects on Overload Failures 47

Analysis of Ductile Failures 48

Analysis of Brittle Fractures 50

Chevron Marks 51

Unusual Conditions 53

Constrained Materials 54

Notch Sensitivity of Brittle Materials 55

Summary 56

Fatigue Failures Part 1 The Basics 57

Stress Concentrations 59

Structure Changes Caused by Highcycle Fatigue 60

Progression Marks and Varying Stress Concentrations 61

Fracture Growth and Understanding the Source of the Stress Rotating Bending vs Plane Bending 63

Progression Marks and Varying Stress Levels 65

Progression Marks and Stress Concentrations 66

Ratchet Marks 67

RotatingBending Failures with Multiple Origins 69

Distinguishing between the Effects from Stress and Stress Concentrations 70

Fracture Face Contour and Stress Concentrations 71

Interpreting the Instantaneous Zone Shape 72

FatiguePart 2 Torsional LowCycle and VeryLow Cycle Failure Influences and Fatigue Interpretations 77

River Marks and Fatigue Crack Growth 80

Fatigue Data Reliability and Corrosion Effect on Fatigue Strength 81

Residual Stress 82

Combined Fatigue and Steady State Stresses 84

VeryLowCycle and LowCycle Fatigue 85

VeryLowCycle in Relatively Brittle Materials 86

VLC in Ductile Materials 87

Unusual Situations 88

Failure Examples 89

Inspection 90

Inspection 91

Inspection 92

Conclusions and Recommendations 93

Conclusions and Recommendations 94

Understanding and Recognizing Corrosion 95

Corrosion Rates 97

Effect of Available Oxygen 98

Temperature Effects 100

The Effect of contaminants 101

Eight types of Corrosion Recognition and Prevention 102

Comments on Uniform Corrosion 105

Galvanic Corrosion 106

Appearance 107

Selective Leaching 108

Comments 109

Prevention 110

Appearance 111

Prevention 112

Concentration 113

Comments 114

Pitting Corrosion 115

Prevention 117

Appearance 118

Prevention and Correction 119

HydrogenInfluenced Cracking HIC Also Called HydrogenInduced Cracking 120

Lubricant Films and the Effects of Contamination 135

Plain Bearings 136

Summary 137

Adhesive Wear 138

Abrasive Wear 139

Erosion 141

Summary Comments on Wear Failures 142

Belt Drives 143

Belt Drive Design and Life 145

Belt Operation 146

Drive Efficiencies 148

High Ambient Temperatures 150

Misalignment 151

Belt Resonance 152

Belt Drive Failure Analysis Procedures 153

Ball and Roller Bearings 159

Parts of a Bearing 161

Bearing Ratings and Equipment Design 162

Hertzian Fatigue Rolling Element Bearing Lubrication and Surface Fatigue 164

A Detailed Rolling Element Bearing Failure Analysis Procedure 166

Step 1 167

Step 2 170

Step 3 176

Step 5 178

Appearance of Electrical Damage Mechanisms 186

Step 6 188

Step 8 189

Step 9 190

For Roller Bearings 191

Roller and Tapered Roller Bearing Mounting Surfaces 192

A Detailed Rolling Element Bearing Failure Analysis Procedure 193

Summary 195

Gears 197

Types of Gears 198

Tooth Action 200

Load and Stress Fluctuations 201

Gear Materials 202

Tooth Contact Patterns 204

Backlash 206

Design Life and Deterioration Mechanisms 207

ThroughHardened Gear Deterioration Mechanisms 208

Plastic Deformation 211

Adhesive Wear 212

Rippling 213

Pitting 214

Spalling 215

Failure Examples 218

Broken Gear Tooth 219

Inspection 220

Paper Machine Reducer Gear 221

Kiln Reducer Intermediate Gear 222

Summary 223

Fastener and Bolted Joint Failures 225

Bolt Standards 227

Materials 228

Fatigue Design 230

Assembly Practices 232

Fastener Failures 235

Hydrogen Embrittlement and HydrogenInfluenced Cracking HIC 237

Failure Locations and Bolt Designs 238

General Comments and Cautions on Bolting 239

Inspection 240

Example 12E3 241

Example 12E4 242

Inspection 243

EXAMPLE 12E6 244

Inspection 245

Inspection 246

A Brief Review of Miscellaneous Machine Element Failures 247

Wear 248

Chain Breakage 249

Lips Seals 250

Failure Analysis 252

Bibliography for Practical Plant Failure Analysis 255

Index 259

Copyright

Practical Plant Failure Analysis: A Guide to Understanding Machinery

Deterioration and Improving Equipment Reliability (MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING) Hardcover – Import, 18 Aug 2006 by Neville W. Sachs (Author)

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Process Equipment Malfunctions: Techniques to Identify and Correct

Plant Problems (Google eBook)

Norman Lieberman

McGraw Hill Professional, 12-Jul-2011 - Technology & Engineering - 560 pages

0 Reviews

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO TROUBLESHOOTING PROCESS EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

Process Equipment Malfunctions offers proven techniques for finding and fixing process plant

problems and contains details on failure identification. Diagnostic tips, examples, and

illustrations help to pinpoint and correct faults in chemical process and petroleum refining

equipment. Complex math has been omitted. An essential resource for plant operators and

process engineers, this book is based on the author's long career in field troubleshooting process

problems.

COVERAGE INCLUDES:

Distillation tray malfunctions Packed tower problems Distillation tower pressure and composition control Fractionator product stripping Pumparounds Reboiled and steam side strippers Inspecting tower internals Process reboilers--thermosyphon circulation Heat exchangers Condenser limitations Air coolers Cooling water systems Steam condensate collection systems Steam quality problems Level control problems Process plant corrosion and fouling Vapor-liquid separation vessels Hydrocarbon-water separation and desalters Fired heaters--draft and excess O2 Disabling safety systems Vacuum systems and steam jets Vacuum surface condensers Centrifugal pump limitations Steam turbine drivers Centrifugal compressors Reciprocating compressors

« Less

Contents

1 Distillation Tray Malfunctions 1

2 Packed Tower Problems 21

3 Distillation Tower Pressure and Composition Control 33

4 Salt and Rust Formation on Tray Decks 47

5 Fractionator Bottoms Product Stripping 61

6 Heat Extraction with Pumparounds 73

7 Reboiled and Steam Side Strippers 85

8 Inspecting Tower InternalsChecklist 99

20 KnockOut Drums Demisters and Impingement Plates 269

21 HydrocarbonWater SeparationElectric Desalters and Gravity Settling 281

22 Natural DraftFired Heaters 295

23 Tube Failure in Fired Heaters 309

Air Preheaters 323

25 Disabling Safety Systems 339

26 Vacuum Systems and Steam Jets 351

27 Vacuum Surface Condensers and Precondensers 373

9 Process ReboilersShell and Tube 107

10 ShellandTube Heat Exchangers in Sensible Heat Transfer Service 123

11 Condenser Limitations 141

12 Air CoolersForced and InducedDraft Air Side Malfunctions 157

Towers and Circulation 169

14 Steam Condensate Collection Systems 179

15 Steam Quality Problems 195

16 Level Control Problems 209

17 Excessive Ambient Heat Losses 229

18 Process Plant Corrosion 243

19 VaporLiquid Separation Vessels 257

Vacuum System Ejectors 391

Cavitation Seal and Bearing Failures 405

Lubrication Failures 423

31 Steam Turbine Drivers 437

Surge Fouling and Driver Limits 451

Unloading and Efficiency 471

Typical Energy Savings and Efficiency Projects 487

Glossary 495

Index 507

The Norm Lieberman Video Library of Process Operations 527

Copyright

Process Equipment Malfunctions: Techniques to Identify and Correct

Plant Problems [Hardcover] Norman Lieberman (Author)

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Chemical and Process Plant Commissioning Handbook: A Practical Guide

to Plant System and Equipment Installation and Commissioning (Google

eBook)

Martin Killcross

Elsevier, 27-Sep-2011 - Technology & Engineering - 312 pages

0 Reviews

The Chemical and Process Plant Commissioning Handbook, winner of the 2012 Basil Brennan

Medal from the Institution of Chemical Engineers, is a guide to converting a newly constructed

plant or equipment into a fully integrated and operational process unit. Good commissioning is

based on a disciplined, systematic and proven methodology and approach that achieve results in

the safest, most efficient, cost effective and timely manner.

The book is supported by detailed, proven and effective commission templates, plus extensive

commissioning scenarios that enable the reader to learn the context of good commissioning

practice from an experienced commissioning manager. It focuses on the critical safety

assessment and inspection regimes necessary to ensure that new plants are compliant with OSHA

and environmental requirements. Martin Killcross has brought together the theory of textbooks

and technical information obtained from sales literature, in order to provide engineers with what

they need to know before initiating talks with vendors regarding equipment selection.

Commissioning files can be found here;

http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780080971742.

Unique information from a respected, global commissioning manager: delivers the know-how to succeed for anyone commissioning new plant or equipment

Comes with online commissioning process templates that make this title a working tool kit as well as a key reference

Extensive examples of successful commissioning processes with step-by-step guidance enable readers to understand the function and performance of the wide range of tasks required in the commissioning process

« Less

Contents

Chapter 2 Commissioning Phase Two Implement 109

Chapter 3 Commissioning Phase Three CloseOut 181

Chapter 4 The Commissioning System File a Full Catalogue of Blank Commissioning Documents 185

Glossary of Terms 243

Appendix 1 Commissioning Team Meeting Agenda 245

Appendix 2 Commissioning System Documentation 247

Appendix 3 Control System Fault Log 249

Appendix 4 Loop Test Sheet 251

Appendix 6 Optimal Operational Values Sheet 269

Appendix 7 Example Labels and Tags 271

Appendix 8 Worked Example of a Vendor Shop Inspection Report 273

Appendix 9 Commissioning System Status Chart 277

Appendix 10 Steam Blow Target Plate Configuration 279

About the Author 281

Index 283

Copyright

Appendix 5 Worked Example of a KnowledgeBased Training Package 253

Chemical and Process Plant Commissioning Handbook: A Practical Guide

to Plant System and Equipment Installation and Commissioning

Hardcover – Import, 9 Sep 2011 by Martin Killcross (Author)

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ISBN:

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Division:

Professional

Pub Date: NOV-13

Pages: 496

Edition: 01

Format: Hardback

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Stock

Chemical Engineering The Essential Reference

Louis Theodore

________________________________________________

Overview | About the author |

Overview

A practical, concise guide to chemical engineering principles and

applications

Chemical Engineering: The Essential Reference is the condensed but

authoritative chemical engineering reference, boiled down to principles

and hands-on skills needed to solve real-world problems. Emphasizing a

pragmatic approach, the book delivers critical content in a convenient

format and presents on-the-job topics of importance to the chemical

engineer of tomorrow—OM&I (operation, maintenance, and inspection)

procedures, nanotechnology, how to purchase equipment, legal

considerations, the need for a second language and for oral and written

communication skills, and ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Technology) topics for practicing engineers. This is an indispensable

resource for anyone working as a chemical engineer or planning to enter

the field.

Praise for Chemical Engineering: The Essential Reference:

“Current and relevant...over a dozen topics not normally

addressed...invaluable to my work as a consultant and educator.―

—Kumar Ganesan, Professor and Department Head, Department of

Environmental Engineering, Montana Tech of the University of Montana

“A much-needed and unique book, tough not to like...loaded with

numerous illustrative examples...a book that looks to the future and, for

that reason alone, will be of great interest to practicing engineers.―

—Anthony Buonicore, Principal, Buonicore Partners

Coverage includes:

Basic calculations and key tables Process variables Numerical methods and optimization Oral and written communication Second language(s) Chemical engineering processes Stoichiometry Thermodynamics Fluid flow Heat transfer Mass transfer operations Membrane technology Chemical reactors Process control Process design Biochemical technology Medical applications Legal considerations Purchasing equipment Operation, maintenance, and inspection (OM&I) procedures Energy management Water management Nanotechnology Project management Environment management Health, safety, and accident management Probability and statistics Economics and finance Ethics Open-ended problems

Chemical Engineering: The Essential Reference [Hardcover] Louis Theodore (Author)

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Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers, Volume 2 (Google

eBook)

Detlev G. Kröger

PennWell Books, 2004 - Technology & Engineering - 445 pages

1 Review

This new text represents the most detailed and comprehensive book presenting modern practice and

theory relevant to the thermal-flow performance evaluation, design, and optimization of air-cooled heat

exchangers and cooling towers. Kroger provides modern analytical and empirical tools used to evaluate

the thermal-flow performance and design of air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers. He also

covers how to prepare improved specifications and evaluate more critical bids with respect to thermal

performance of new cooling systems. Further, Kroger explores improvement possibilities with respect to

retrofits of existing cooling units as well as possible impacts of plant operations and environmental

influences.

« Less

Contents

Fans 3

Test Facilities and Procedures 6

Presentation of Data and Results 11

Tip Clearance 20

Fan System 23

Natural Draft 39

DryCooling Tower 40

WetCooling Tower 52

Meteorological Effects 247

Atmosphere 248

Effect of Wind on Cooling Towers 268

Effect of Wind on AirCooled Heat Exchangers 303

Recirculation and Interference 313

Inversions 350

Cooling System Selection and Optimization 363

Power Generation 367

Inlet Losses 68

Cold Inflow 119

Mechanical Draft Coolers 135

AirCooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers 136

Noncondensables 189

Inlet Losses 198

Recirculation 225

Cooling System Optimization 389

Properties of Fluids 403

Temperature Correction Factor 421

Conversion Factors 427

Contents Volume 1 435

Index 437

Copyright

Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers: Thermal-Flow Performance Evaluation and Design,

Volume 2

by Detlev G. Kroger

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The Economics of Contracts: Theories and Applications

Eric Brousseau, Jean-Michel Glachant

Cambridge University Press, 17-Oct-2002 - Business & Economics - 584 pages

0 Reviews

A contract is an agreement under which two parties make reciprocal commitments in terms of their

behavior to coordinate. As this concept has become essential to economics in the last 30 years, three

main theoretical frameworks have emerged: 'incentive theory', 'incomplete-contract theory' and

'transaction-costs theory'. These frameworks have enabled scholars to renew both the microeconomics

of coordination (with implications for industrial organization, labor economics, law and economics,

organization design) and the macroeconomics of 'market' (decentralized) economies and of the

institutional framework. These developments have resulted in new analyses of a firm's strategy and

State intervention (regulation of public utilities, anti-trust, public procurement, institutional design,

liberalization policies, etc.). Based on contributions by the leading scholars in the field, this 2002 book

provides an overview of developments in these analytical currents, presents their various aspects, and

proposes expanding horizons for theoreticians and practitioners.

« Less

Contents

The economics of contracts and the renewal of economics 3

canonical models of theories of contract 31

The New Institutional Economics 45

Contract and economic organization 49

The role of incomplete contracts in selfenforcing relationships 59

Entrepreneurship transactioncost economics and the design of contracts 72

The contract as economic trade 99

Contract theory and theories of contract regulation 116

Econometrics of contracts an assessment of developments in the empirical literature on contracting 273

Experiments on moral hazard and incentives reciprocity and surplussharing 293

Residual claims and selfenforcement as incentive mechanisms in franchise contracts substitutes or

complements?

315

The quasijudicial role of large retailers an efficiency hypothesis of their relation with suppliers 337

Interconnection agreements in telecommunications networks from strategic behaviors to property

rights 358

Licensing in the chemical industry 373

Intercompany agreements and EC competition law 395

Incentive contracts in utility regulation 416

Economic reasoning and the framing of contract law sale of an asset of uncertain value 126

A transactionscosts approach to the analysis of property rights 140

Transaction costs and incentive theory 159

Norms and the theory of the firm 180

Allocating decision rights under liquidity constraints 193

Complexity and contract 213

Authority as flexibility is at the core of labor contracts 241

Positive agency theory place and contributions 251

Contractual choice and performance the case of water supply in France 440

Institutional or structural lessons from international electricity sector reforms 463

Electricity sector restructuring and competition a transactionscost perspective 503

Bibliography 531

Index of names 570

Subject index 579

Copyright

The Economics of Contracts: Theories and Applications [Paperback] Eric Brousseau (Editor), Jean-Michel Glachant (Editor)

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Process Technology Equipment and Systems

Charles Thomas

Cengage Learning, 04-Feb-2010 - Technology & Engineering - 480 pages

1 Review

PROCESS TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS, 3E is a comprehensive introduction to the workings

of a modern manufacturing facility in the process industry. The text, which fits a standard equipment

and systems course, provides your students with the information they need to know and uses up-to-

date graphics and photos to enhance their understanding of how process systems and equipment

actually operate. This book carries on the tradition of excellence established by the first two editions,

which have successfully launched thousands of process technicians into the chemical processing

industry. Key topics include valves, vessels, and piping, pumps and compressors, motors and turbines,

heat exchangers, cooling towers, boilers and furnaces, reactors and distillation, extraction and

separation systems, and process instrumentation.

Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may

not be available in the ebook version.

« Less

Contents

Introduction to Process Equipment 1

Valves 23

Tanks Piping and Vessels 49

Pumps 83

Compressors

11

7

Turbines and Motors

14

3

Heat Exchangers

16

1

Cooling Towers

19

1

Instruments 257

Process Diagrams 285

Utility Systems 305

Reactor Systems 337

Distillation Systems 361

Extraction and Other Separation Systems 399

Plastics Systems 421

Glossary 439

Boilers 213

Furnaces 229

Index 455

Copyright

Process Technology Equipment and Systems [Paperback] Charles E. Thomas (Author)

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Major process equipment maintenance and repair

Heinz P. Bloch, Fred K. Geitner

Gulf Pub. Co., 1997 - Technology & Engineering - 699 pages

0 Reviews

This updated edition is an invaluable source of practical cost-effective maintenance, repair, installation,

and field verification procedures for machinery engineers. It is filled with step-by-step instructions and

quick-reference checklists that describe preventive and predictive maintenance for major process units

such as vertical, horizontal, reciprocating, and liquid ring vacuum pumps, fans and blowers,

compressors, turboexpanders, turbines, and more. Also included are sections on machinery protection,

storage, lubrication, and periodic monitoring. A new section examines centrifugal pumps and explains

how and why they continue to fail. More new information focuses on maintenance for aircraft derivative

gas turbines. This revised edition gives special attention throughout to maintenance and repair

procedures needed to ensure efficiency, performance, and long life.

« Less

Contents

Installation Maintenance and Repair of Horizontal Pumps 3

Installation Maintenance and Repair of Vertical Pumps 72

Reciprocating and Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps 118

Copyright

11 other sections not shown

Practical Machinery Management for Process Plants: Volume 4, Second

Edition: Major Process Equipment Maintenance and Repair [Hardcover] Heinz P. Bloch (Author), Fred K. Geitner (Author)

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Boiler Control Systems Engineering

G. F. Gilman, Jerry Gilman

ISA, 2010 - Technology & Engineering - 198 pages

0 Reviews

This book is for anyone who works with boilers: utilities managers, power plant managers, control

systems engineers, maintenance technicians or operators. The information deals primarily with water

tube boilers with Induced Draft (ID) and Forced Draft (FD) fan(s) or boilers containing only FD fans. It can

also apply to any fuel-fired steam generator.

Other books on boiler control have been published; however, they do not cover engineering

details on control systems and the setup of the various control functions. Boiler Control Systems

Engineering provides specific examples of boiler control including configuration and tuning,

valve sizing, and transmitter specifications.

This expanded and updated second edition includes drum level compensation equations,

additional P&ID drawings and examples of permissive startup and tripping logic for gas, oil, and

coal fired boilers. It also covers different control schemes for furnace draft control. NFPA 85

Code 2007 control system requirements are included, with illustrated examples of coal fired

boilers, as well as information on the latest ISA-77 series of standards.

Contents

Boiler Fundamentals 1

Control of Boilers 11

Furnace Draft 25

Feedwater 35

Coal Fired Boilers 51

Fuel and Air Control 67

Steam Temperature 81

Burner Management Systems 91

Control Valve Sizing

11

7

Steam Temperature Control 12

3

Acronyms

12

9

Appendix B

14

1

Appendix C

17

9

Bibliography

18

7

Kraft Pulp Mill 19

5

Copyright

Environment 111

Boiler Control Systems Engineering, Second Edition [Paperback] G.F. (Jerry) Gilman (Author)

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Chemical Engineering Design: Chemical Engineering, Volume 6 (Google

eBook)

R K Sinnott

Butterworth-Heinemann, 01-Jul-2005 - Technology & Engineering - 1056 pages

9 Reviews

Chemical Engineering Design is one of the best-known and widely adopted texts available for students of

chemical engineering. It deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of

chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, the fourth edition covers the latest aspects of

process design, operations, safety, loss prevention and equipment selection, among others.

Comprehensive and detailed, the book is supported by problems and selected solutions. In addition the

book is widely used by professionals as a day-to-day reference.

* Best selling chemical engineering text

* Revised to keep pace with the latest chemical industry changes; designed to see students through

from undergraduate study to professional practice

* End of chapter exercises and solutions

« Less

Contents

1 Introduction to Design 1

2 Fundamentals of Material Balances 34

3 Fundamentals of Energy Balances and Energy Utilisation 60

4 Flowsheeting 133

5 Piping and Instrumentation 194

6 Costing and Project Evaluation 243

7 Materials of Construction 284

8 Design Information and Data 309

13 Mechanical Design of Process Equipment 794

14 General Site Considerations 892

Appendix A Graphical Symbols for Piping Systems and Plant 908

Appendix B Corrosion Chart 917

Appendix C Physical Property Data Bank 937

Appendix D Conversion Factors for Some Common SI Units 958

Appendix E Standard Flanges 960

Appendix F Design Projects 965

9 Safety and Loss Prevention 360

10 Equipment Selection Specification and Design 400

11 Separation Columns Distillation Absorption and Extraction 493

12 Heattransfer Equipment 634

Appendix G Equipment Specification Data Sheets 990

Appendix H Typical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Tubesheet Layouts 1002

Index 1007

Copyright

Chemical Engineering Design, Fourth Edition: Chemical Engineering

Volume 6 (Coulson & Richardson's Chemical Engineering) [Paperback] R K Sinnott (Author)

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Process Engineering Economics (Google eBook)

James Riley Couper

CRC Press, 26-Aug-2003 - Science - 384 pages

0 Reviews

This reference outlines the fundamental concepts and strategies for economic assessments for

informed management decisions in industry. The book illustrates how to prepare capital cost and

operating expense estimates, profitability analyses, and feasibility studies, and how to execute

sensitivity and uncertainty assessments. From financial reports to opportunity costs and

engineering trade-offs, Process Engineering Economics considers a wide range of alternatives for

profitable investing and for projecting outcomes in various chemical and engineering fields. It

also explains how to monitor costs, finances, and economic limitations at every stage of chemical

project design, preparation, and evaluation.

« Less

Process Engineering Economics (Chemical Industries) Hardcover –

Import, 26 Aug 2003 by James Riley Couper (Author)

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Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of

Plant and Process Design (Google eBook)

Gavin Towler, R K Sinnott

Butterworth-Heinemann, 26-Nov-2007 - Technology & Engineering - 1266 pages

0 Reviews

Bottom line: For a holistic view of chemical engineering design, this book provides as much, if not more,

than any other book available on the topic.

--Extract from Chemical Engineering Resources review.

Chemical Engineering Design is one of the best-known and widely adopted texts available for students of

chemical engineering. It deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of

chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this US edition has been specifically developed

for the US market. It covers the latest aspects of process design, operations, safety, loss prevention and

equipment selection, among others. Comprehensive in coverage, exhaustive in detail, it is supported by

extensive problems and a separate solutions manual for adopting tutors and lecturers. In addition, the

book is widely used by professions as a day-to-day reference.

* Provides students with a text of unmatched relevance for the Senior Design Course and Introductory

Chemical Engineering Courses

* Teaches commercial engineering tools for simulation and costing

* Comprehensive coverage of unit operations, design and economics

Strong emphasis on HS&E issues, codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and

ANSI standards

* 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries

* A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus

supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading

from the companion website

* Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides on CD plus fully worked solutions manual

« Less

Contents

Introduction to Design 1

Fundamentals of Material Balances 49

Fundamentals of Energy Balances and Energy Utilization 81

Flowsheeting 153

Piping and Instrumentation 235

Costing and Project Evaluation 297

Materials of Construction 397

Design Information and Data 427

Equipment Selection Specification and Design 541

Separation Columns Distillation Absorption and Extraction 641

Heat Transfer Equipment 793

Mechanical Design of Process Equipment 961

General Site Considerations 1065

Appendix 1089

Index 1221

Copyright

Safety and Loss Prevention 481

Process Heat Transfer:

Principles and Applications [Hardcover] Thomas Lestina (Author), Robert W. Serth

(Author)

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The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. They

are widely used in engineering processes and include examples such as intercoolers,

preheaters, boilers and condensers in power plants. Heat exchangers are becoming more and

more important to manufacturers striving to control energy costs.

Process Heat Transfer Rules of Thumb investigates the design and implementation of

industrial heat exchangers. It provides the background needed to understand and master the

commercial software packages used by professional engineers for design and analysis of heat

exchangers. This book focuses on the types of heat exchangers most widely used by industry,

namely shell-and-tube exchangers (including condensers, reboilers and vaporizers), air-cooled

heat exchangers and double-pipe (hairpin) exchangers. It provides a substantial introduction

to the design of heat exchanger networks using pinch technology, the most efficient strategy

used to achieve optimal recovery of heat in industrial processes.

• Utilizes leading commercial software important to professional engineers designing heat

exchangers.

• Illustrates design procedures using complete step-by-step worked examples.

• Provides details on how to develop an initial configuration for a heat exchanger and how to

systematically modify it to obtain a final design.

• Abundant example problems solved manually and with the integration of computer

software.

Contents

Convective Heat Transfer 2-43

Heat Exchangers 3-85

Design of DoublePipe Heat Exchangers 127

Design of ShellandTube Heat Exchangers 187

The Delaware Method 245

The Stream Analysis Method 277

HeatExchanger Networks 327

Boiling Heat Transfer 385

Reboilers 443

Condensers 539

AirCooled Heat Exchangers 629

Appendix 681

Index 743

Copyright

An Introduction to Fluid

Mechanics and Heat Transfer:

With Applications in Chemical and Mechanical Process

Engineering [Import] [Paperback] J. M. Kay (Author), R. M. Nedderman (Author)

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Product details

Paperback: 340 pages Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 3rd Revised edition edition (9 January 1975) Language: English ISBN-10: 0521098807 ISBN-13: 978-0521098809 Product Dimensions: 1.8 x 13.8 x 21.3 cm Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item

Book Description

Publication Date: 9 January 1975

First published in 1975 as the third edition of a 1957 original, this book presents the

fundamental ideas of fluid flow, viscosity, heat conduction, diffusion, the energy and

momentum principles, and the method of dimensional analysis. These ideas are subsequently

developed in terms of their important practical applications, such as flow in pipes and

channels, pumps, compressors and heat exchangers. Later chapters deal with the equation of

fluid motion, turbulence and the general equations of forced convection. The final section

discusses special problems in process engineering, including compressible flow in pipes, solid

particles in fluid flow, flow through packed beds, condensation and evaporation. This book

will be of value to anyone with an interest the wider applications of fluid mechanics and heat

transfer.

Process Heat Transfer Paperback –

International Edition, January 1,

1950 by D.Q. Kern (Author)

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Product Details

Paperback: 883 pages Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (ISE Editions); International edition edition (January

1, 1950) Language: English ISBN-10: 0070853533 ISBN-13: 978-0070853539 Product Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.9 x 1.4 inches Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds Average Customer Review: 4.8 out of 5 stars See all reviews (10 customer reviews) Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,836,573 in Books (See Top 100 in Books

Contents

Process Heat Transfer 1

Conduction 6

Convection 25

Radiation 62

Temperature 85

Doublepipe Exchangers

10

2

12 Parallelcounterflow ShellandTube Exchangers

12

7

Flow Arrangements for Increased Heat Recovery

17

5

EVAPORATORS TUBULAR 387

INDEX TO THE PRINCIPAL APPARATUS CALCULATIONS 389

Vaporizers Evaporators and Reboilers 453

Extended Surfaces 512

KJCTENDED SURFACES 530

Cooling Towers 563

Batch and Unsteady State Processes 624

Furnace Calculations 674

Gases 190

Streamline Flow and Free Convection 201

Calculations for Process Conditions 221

Condensation of Single Vapors 252

CONDENSERS TUBULAR 274

Condensation of Mixed Vapors 313

Evaporation 375

RADIANT HEATERS 702

Additional Applications 716

The Control of Temperature and Related Process Variables 765

APPENDIX OK CALCULATION DATA 791

AUTHOR INDEX 847

SUBJECT INDEX 851

Copyright

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Thermal Analysis of Materials

(Materials Engineering) [Hardcover]

Robert Speyer (Author)

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Product Details

Series: Materials Engineering (Book 5) Hardcover: 298 pages Publisher: CRC Press (September 16, 1993) Language: English ISBN-10: 0824789636 ISBN-13: 978-0824789633 Product Dimensions: 0.8 x 5.9 x 9.1 inches Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies) Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,721,543 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Discussing the design and optimum use of thermal analysis instrumentation for materials'

property measurement, this work details how the instruments work, what they measure,

potential pitfalls and the fitting of experimental results to theoretical models. It presents a

tutorial on writing computer programs for data manipulation, advanced thermoanalytical

methods and case studies.

Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

FURNACES AND TEMPERATURE 9

DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS 35

MANIPULATION OF DATA 91

THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS 111

ADVANCED APPLICATIONS OF 143

DILATOMETRY AND INTERFEROMETRY 165

HEAT TRANSFER AND PYROMETRY

19

9

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 22

7

VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS AND GLASSES

25

1

A INSTRUMENTATION VENDORS 26

9

INDEX

27

9

Design of Fluid Thermal

Systems - SI Version

[International Edition] [Paperback] William S. Janna (Author)

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Product Details

Paperback: 656 pages Publisher: Cengage Learning; 3 edition (April 9, 2010) Language: English ISBN-10: 0495667994 ISBN-13: 978-0495667995 Product Dimensions: 7.5 x 9.1 inches Shipping Weight: 2.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies) Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (8 customer

reviews) Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,396,923 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

This book is designed to serve senior-level engineering students taking a capstone design course in fluid and thermal systems design. It is built from the ground up with the needs and interests of practicing engineers in mind; the emphasis is on practical applications. The book begins with a discussion of design methodology, including the process of bidding to obtain a project, and project management techniques. The text continues with an introductory overview of fluid thermal systems (a pump and pumping system, a household air conditioner, a baseboard heater, a water slide, and a vacuum cleaner are among the examples given), and a review of the properties of fluids and the equations of fluid mechanics. The text then offers an in-depth discussion of piping systems, including the economics of pipe size selection. Janna examines pumps (including net positive suction head considerations) and piping systems. He provides the reader with the ability to design an entire system for moving fluids that is efficient and cost-effective. Next, the book provides a review of basic heat transfer principles, and the analysis of heat exchangers, including double pipe, shell and tube, plate and frame cross flow heat exchangers. Design considerations for these exchangers are also discussed. The text concludes with a chapter of term projects that may be undertaken by teams of students.

Contents

Preface to the SI Edition

Nomenclature

Introduction

Fluid Properties and Basic Equations

Piping Systems I

Piping Systems II

Selected Topics in Fluid Mechanics

Pumps and Piping Systems

Double Pipe Heat Exchangers

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Plate and Frame and Cross Flow Heat Exchangers

Project Descriptions

Tables

Bibliography

Index

Copyright

Some Heat Transfer Fundamentals

Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, Second Edition

(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) [Import] [Hardcover] Yogesh Jaluria (Author)

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Hardcover: 752 pages Publisher: CRC Press; 2 edition (13 December 2007) Language: English ISBN-10: 0849337534 ISBN-13: 978-0849337536 Product Dimensions: 23.6 x 16.4 x 4.3 cm Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item Amazon Bestsellers Rank: #60,983 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Thermal systems play an increasingly symbiotic role alongside mechanical systems in

varied applications spanning materials processing, energy conversion, pollution,

aerospace, and automobiles. Responding to the need for a flexible, yet systematic

approach to designing thermal systems across such diverse fields, Design and

Optimization of Thermal Systems, Second Edition provides hands-on guidance

needed to solve practical and progressively complex design problems.

This bookoffers a thorough examination of basic concepts and procedures for

conceptual design, formulation, modeling, simulation, feasible design, and

optimization. The chapters encompass traditional as well as emerging techniques,

featuring timely and compelling examples to demonstrate the range of potential

problems and available solutions that readers may apply to their own needs.

Maintaining its emphasis on mathematical modeling and simulation techniques, this

revised edition offers extended coverage on manufacturability, material selection, and

sensitivity. It includes new material on genetic and gradient search methods and

highlights significant trends such as knowledge-based design methodology. This

edition also updates and enhances its coverage of important economic, safety, security,

and environmental aspects and considerations.

Contents

1 Introduction 1

11 ENGINEERING DESIGN 2

112 SYNTHESIS FOR DESIGN 6

113 SELECTION VERSUS DESIGN 7

12 DESIGN AS PART OF ENGINEERING ENTERPRISE 9

122 EVALUATION AND MARKET ANALYSIS 10

123 FEASIBILITY AND CHANCES OF SUCCESS 12

124 ENGINEERING DESIGN 14

642 PRESENT WORTH OF UNIFORM SERIES OF AMOUNTS 397

643 CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING IN A SERIES OF AMOUNTS 399

644 CHANGING AMOUNTS IN SERIES OF PAYMENTS 400

645 SHIFT IN TIME 402

646 DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES 403

65 RAISING CAPITAL 405

651 BONDS 406

652 STOCKS 408

125 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 15

126 NEED FOR OPTIMIZATION 16

127 FABRICATION TESTING AND PRODUCTION 18

13 THERMAL SYSTEMS 19

132 ANALYSIS 22

133 TYPES AND EXAMPLES 25

14 OUTLINE AND SCOPE OF THE BOOK 40

15 SUMMARY 43

REFERENCES 44

2 Basic Considerations in Design 47

212 GIVEN QUANTITIES 50

213 DESIGN VARIABLES 51

214 CONSTRAINTS OR LIMITATIONS 53

215 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 55

22 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 58

222 SELECTION FROM AVAILABLE CONCEPTS 62

223 MODIFICATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF EXISTING SYSTEMS 64

23 STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS 70

231 PHYSICAL SYSTEM 72

232 MODELING 75

233 SIMULATION 76

ACCEPTABLE DESIGN 81

235 OPTIMAL DESIGN 83

236 SAFETY FEATURES AUTOMATION AND CONTROL 86

237 COMMUNICATING THE DESIGN 90

238 PATENTS AND COPYRIGHTS 92

24 COMPUTERAIDED DESIGN 97

242 COMPUTERAIDED DESIGNS OF THERMAL SYSTEMS 98

25 MATERIAL SELECTION 104

252 MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR THERMAL SYSTEMS 108

253 SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS 110

26 SUMMARY 113

REFERENCES 115

PROBLEMS 116

3 Modeling of Thermal Systems 125

32 TYPES OF MODELS 128

321 ANALOG MODELS 129

322 MATHEMATICAL MODELS 130

324 NUMERICAL MODELS 131

325 INTERACTION BETWEEN MODELS 133

33 MATHEMATICAL MODELING 134

332 FINAL MODEL AND VALIDATION 160

34 PHYSICAL MODELING AND DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 165

341 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 166

342 MODELING AND SIMILITUDE 176

343 OVERALL PHYSICAL MODEL 180

351 EXACT FIT 181

352 BEST FIT 183

36 SUMMARY 194

REFERENCES 196

PROBLEMS 197

4 Numerical Modeling and Simulation 207

41 NUMERICAL MODELING 208

412 DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL MODEL 210

413 AVAILABLE SOFTWARE 211

42 SOLUTION PROCEDURES 212

421 LINEAR ALGEBRAIC SYSTEM 213

422 NONLINEAR ALGEBRAIC SYSTEM 220

423 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 227

424 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 238

43 NUMERICAL MODEL FOR A SYSTEM 247

431 MODELING OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 248

432 MERGING OF DIFFERENT MODELS 251

433 ACCURACY AND VALIDATION 252

44 SYSTEM SIMULATION 253

441 IMPORTANCE OF SIMLUATION 254

442 DIFFERENT CLASSES 256

443 FLOW OF INFORMATION 259

45 METHODS FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION 264

452 DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF LUMPED SYSTEMS 272

453 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 278

454 SIMULATION OF LARGE SYSTEMS 282

455 NUMERICAL SIMULATION VERSUS REAL SYSTEM 283

46 SUMMARY 284

REFERENCES 285

PROBLEMS 286

A Synthesis of Different Design Steps 299

52 INITIAL DESIGN 300

53 DESIGN STRATEGIES 309

533 ITERATIVE REDESIGN PROCEDURE 317

54 DESIGN OF SYSTEMS FROM DIFFERENT APPLICATION AREAS 322

541 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 323

542 COOLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 329

543 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 336

544 HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT 342

545 FLUID FLOW SYSTEMS 350

546 OTHER AREAS 361

55 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LARGE PRACTICAL SYSTEMS 362

56 SUMMARY 373

REFERENCES 374

PROBLEMS 375

6 Economic Considerations 383

62 CALCULATION OF INTEREST 385

623 CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING 387

624 EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATE 388

63 WORTH OF MONEY AS A FUNCTION OF TIME 390

632 FUTURE WORTH 391

633 INFLATION 393

64 SERIES OF PAYMENTS 396

661 INCLUSION OF TAXES

40

9

662 DEPRECATION

41

0

67 ECONOMIC FACTOR IN DESIGN 41

3

672 RATE OF RETURN

41

7

68 APPLICATION TO THERMAL SYSTEMS

41

9

69 SUMMARY 42

1

PROBLEMS 42

2

Problem Formulation for Optimization 42

9

712 FINAL OPTIMIZED DESIGN

43

1

72 BASIC CONCEPTS 43

2

722 CONSTRAINTS

43

4

723 OPERATING CONDITIONS VERSUS HARDWARE

43

7

724 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 43

8

73 OPTIMIZATION METHODS

44

0

732 SEARCH METHODS

44

1

733 LINEAR AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING 44

2

734 GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING 44

4

74 OPTIMIZATION OF THERMAL SYSTEMS

44

7

742 DIFFERENT APPORACHES

44

8

743 DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERMAL SYSTEMS 44

9

744 EXAMPLES

45

1

745 CONSIDERATION OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

45

5

75 PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN OPTIMAL DESIGN

45

7

752 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

45

9

TRADEOFFS

46

1

754 MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION 46

2

755 PART OF OVERALL DESIGN STRATEGY 46

4

756 CHANGE OF CONCEPT OR MODEL

46

5

76 SUMMARY 46

6

REFERENCES

46

7

PROBLEMS

46

8

8 Lagrange Multipliers 47

3

82 THE LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER METHOD

47

5

822 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION

47

7

823 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MULTIPLIERS

48

5

83 OPTIMIZATION OF UNCONSTRAINED PROBLEMS 48

6

831 USE OF GRADIENTS FOR OPTIMIZATION

48

7

833 CONVERSION OF CONSTRAINED TO UNCONSTRAINED PROBLEM 48

9

84 OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRAINED PROBLEMS

49

1

85 APPLICABILITY TO THERMAL SYSTEMS 49

4

852 EXAMPLES 49

5

853 INEQUALITY CONSTRAINTS 49

9

854 SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 50

0

855 COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

50

1

86 SUMMARY

50

3

REFERENCES 50

4

PROBLEMS 50

5

9 Search Methods 51

1

911 IMPORTANCE OF SEARCH METHODS

51

2

912 TYPES OF APPROACHES

51

3

913 APPLICATION TO THERMAL SYSTEMS 51

4

92 SINGLEVARIABLE PROBLEM

51

5

921 UNIFORM EXHAUSTIVE SEARCH

51

7

922 DICHOTOMOUS SEARCH

51

9

923 FIBONACCI SEARCH 52

1

924 GOLDEN SECTION AND OTHER METHODS

52

3

925 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ELIMINATION METHODS

52

4

93 UNCONSTRAINED SEARCH WITHIN MULTIPLE VARIABLES

52

7

931 LATTICE SEARCH

52

9

932 UNIVARIATE SEARCH

53

0

933 STEEPEST ASCENTDESCENT METHOD

53

2

94 MULTIVARIABLE CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

53

7

942 SEARCH ALONG A CONSTRAINT

54

2

95 EXAMPLES OF THERMAL SYSTEMS

54

7

96 SUMMARY

55

1

REFERENCES

55

3

PROBLEMS 55

4

10 Geometric Linear and Dynamic Programming and Other Methods for

Optimization

55

9

1011 APPLICABILITY

56

0

1012 UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

56

1

1013 MATHEMATICAL PROOF

57

0

1014 CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION 57

3

1015 NONZERO DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY

57

8

102 LINEAR PROGRAMMING 57

9

103 DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING 58

8

104 OTHER METHODS

59

0

105 SUMMARY 59

1

REFERENCES 59

2

PROBLEMS

59

3

11 KnowledgeBased Design and Additional Considerations 59

9

1111 INTRODUCTION 60

0

1112 BASIC COMPONENTS 60

2

1113 EXPERT KNOWLEDGE

60

7

1114 DESIGN METHODOLOGY 60

9

1115 APPLICATION TO THERMAL SYSTEMS

61

0

112 ADDITIONAL CONSTRAINTS 62

1

113 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 62

3

114 SOURCES OF INFORMATION

62

5

115 AN OVERVIEW OF DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS

62

8

116 SUMMARY 63

1

REFERENCES

63

2

PROBLEMS

63

3

DESIGN PROJECTS

63

5

Computer Programs 63

9

Material Properties

65

9

Interest Tables 67

9

Heat Transfer Correlations 68

7

Index

69

7

Copyright

ANSYS Workbench Tutorial: Structural & Thermal Analysis Using

the Ansys Workbench Release 13 Environment [Import] [Perfect

Paperback] Kent L. Lawrence (Author)

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Perfect Paperback: 260 pages Publisher: Schroff Development Corp (18 July 2011) Language: English ISBN-10: 1585036714

ISBN-13: 978-1585036714 Product Dimensions: 27.7 x 21.6 x 1.5 cm Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item

The exercises in ANSYS Workbench Tutorial Release 12.1 introduce the reader to effective

engineering problem solving through the use of this powerful modeling, simulation and

optimization tool. Topics that are covered include solid modeling, stress analysis,

conduction/convection heat transfer, thermal stress, vibration and buckling. It is designed for

practicing and student engineers alike and is suitable for use with an organized course of

instruction or for self-study.

Contents

Solid Modeling Fundamentals 1-1

13 TUTORIAL 1A EXTRUSION 1-2

14 TUTORIAL 1B REVOLUTION

1-

11

15 TUTORIAL 1C SWEEP

1-

14

16 SKETCHING

1-

16

17 SUMMARY

1-

20

Placed Features Assembly 2-1

23 TUTORIAL 2A ADDING A HOLE TO THE EXTRUSION 2-2

55 TUTORIAL 5C CLEVIS ASSEMBLY 5-18

56 SUMMARY 5-27

57 PROBLEMS 5-28

Wizards Tools 6-1

64 TUTORIAL 6B STATIC LOADINGS BRITTLE MATERIALS 6-12

65 TUTORIAL 6C FATIGUE LOADINGS DUCTILE MATERIALS 6-17

66 SUMMARY 6-23

67 PROBLEMS 6-24

24 TUTORIAL 2B ADDING A ROUND TO THE EXTRUSION 2-6

25 TUTORIAL 2C ADDING A CHAMFER TO THE EXTRUSION 2-8

26 TUTORIAL 2D PATTERNS 2-9

27 TUTORIAL 2E CLEVIS ASSEMBLY

2-

13

28 TUTORIAL 2F ALTERNATE SOLID MODELER

2-

19

29 SUMMARY

2-

20

210 PROBLEMS

2-

21

Modeling Techniques 3-1

33 TUTORIAL 3A PARAMETERS 3-2

34 OTHER CAD SYSTEMS 3-9

36 TUTORIAL 3B PLANAR SURFACE MODELS

3-

10

37 TUTORIAL 3C 3D SURFACE MODELS

3-

11

38 TUTORIAL 3D LINE BODY MODELS

3-

13

39 SUMMARY

3-

19

310 PROBLEMS

3-

20

ANSYS Mechanical I 4-1

43 TUTORIAL 4A PLATE WITH CENTRAL CIRCLUAR HOLE 4-2

44 TUTORIAL 4B PLATE WITH CENTRAL SQUARE HOLE

4-

21

45 SUMMARY

4-

32

46 PROBLEMS

4-

33

ANSYS Mechanical II 5-1

54 TUTORIAL 5B BRACKET

5-

13

Heat Transfer Thermal Stress 7-1

74 TUTORIAL 7A TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN A CYLINDER 7-2

75 THERMAL STRESS I 7-8

77 THERMAL STRESS II 7-19

78 TUTORIAL 7C THERMAL STRESS IN A CYLINDER 7-20

79 SUMMARY 7-25

710 PROBLEMS 7-26

Surface Line Models 8-1

83 TUTORIAL 8A SHEET WITH CIRCLUAR HOLE PLANE STRESS 8-2

84 TUTORIAL 8B PRESSURE VESSEL 8-13

85 TUTORIAL 8C BRACKET 8-18

86 TUTORIAL 8D LINEBODY MODEL 8-24

87 SUMMARY 8-29

Natural Frequencies Buckling Loads 9-1

94 TUTORIAL 9B NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A CHIME 9-9

95 TUTORIAL 9C NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF AN ASSEMBLY 9-15

96 BUCKLING LOADS 9-20

98 TUTORIAL 9E BUCKLING OF A PINNEDPINNED COLUMN 9-24

99 TUTORIAL 9F BUCKLING OF A BUILTUP STRUCTURE 9-28

910 SUMMARY 9-32

911 PROBLEMS 9-33

Copyright

Thermal Design and Optimization [Import] [Hardcover] Adrian Bejan (Author), George Tsatsaronis (Author), Michael Moran (Author)

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Hardcover 2,600.00 2,599.00

Hardcover, Import, 21 December 1995 8,695.50 7,198.00

Product details

Hardcover: 560 pages Publisher: John Wiley & Sons (21 December 1995) Language: English ISBN-10: 0471584673 ISBN-13: 978-0471584674 Product Dimensions: 24 x 16 x 3 cm Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item

Book Description

Publication Date: 21 December 1995

A comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system design from a contemporary

perspective Thermal Design and Optimization offers readers a lucid introduction to the latest

methodologies for the design of thermal systems and emphasizes engineering economics,

system simulation, and optimization methods. The methods of exergy analysis, entropy

generation minimization, and thermoeconomics are incorporated in an evolutionary manner.

This book is one of the few sources available that addresses the recommendations of the

Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology for new courses in design engineering.

Intended for classroom use as well as self–study, the text provides a review of fundamental

concepts, extensive reference lists, end–of–chapter problem sets, helpful appendices, and a

comprehensive case study that is followed throughout the text. Contents include: ∗

Introduction to Thermal System Design ∗ Thermodynamics, Modeling, and Design Analysis ∗

Exergy Analysis ∗ Heat Transfer, Modeling, and Design Analysis ∗ Applications with Heat and

Fluid Flow ∗ Applications with Thermodynamics and Heat and Fluid Flow ∗ Economic Analysis

∗ Thermoeconomic Analysis and Evaluation ∗ Thermoeconomic Optimization Thermal Design

and Optimization offers engineering students, practicing engineers, and technical managers a

comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system design and optimization from a

distinctly contemporary perspective. Unlike traditional books that are largely oriented toward

design analysis and components, this forward–thinking book aligns itself with an increasing

number of active designers who believe that more effective, system–oriented design methods

are needed. Thermal Design and Optimization offers a lucid presentation of thermodynamics,

heat transfer, and fluid mechanics as they are applied to the design of thermal systems. This

book broadens the scope of engineering design by placing a strong emphasis on engineering

economics, system simulation, and optimization techniques. Opening with a concise review of

fundamentals, it develops design methods within a framework of industrial applications that

gradually increase in complexity. These applications include, among others, power generation

by large and small systems, and cryogenic systems for the manufacturing, chemical, and food

processing industries. This unique book draws on the best contemporary thinking about

design and design methodology, including discussions of concurrent design and quality

function deployment. Recent developments based on the second law of thermodynamics are

also included, especially the use of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, and

thermoeconomics. To demonstrate the application of important design principles introduced,

a single case study involving the design of a cogeneration system is followed throughout the

book. In addition, Thermal Design and Optimization is one of the best new sources available

for meeting the recommendations of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

for more design emphasis in engineering curricula. Supported by extensive reference lists,

end–of–chapter problem sets, and helpful appendices, this is a superb text for both the

classroom and self–study, and for use in industrial design, development, and research. A

detailed solutions manual is available from the publisher.

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Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology: Volume I: Fundamentals,

Volume II: Brine Treatment and Cell Operation, Volume III:

Facility Design and Product ... Developments (Developments in

Hydrobiology) Hardcover – Import, 7 Oct 2005 by Thomas F. O'Brien (Author), Tilak V. Bommaraju (Author), & 1 More

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Kindle Edition 88,347.38

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Product details

Hardcover: 282 pages Publisher: Springer; 2005 edition (7 October 2005) Language: English ISBN-10: 0306486237 ISBN-13: 978-0306486234 Product Dimensions: 11.3 x 17.3 x 27 cm Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item

Foreword:- It is surprising that we had to wait so long for a new book that gives a

comprehensive treatment of chlor-alkali manufacturing technology. Technologists are largely

still making do with the classical book edited by Sconce, but that is more than thirty years old.

At the time of its publication, metal anodes were just beginning to appear, and ion-exchange

membrane technology was confined to laboratories. The various encyclopedias of industrial

technology have more up-to-date information, but they are necessarily limited in their scope.

Schmittinger recently provided an excellent shorter treatment of the broad field of chlorine

technology and applications. After discussing electrolysis and the principal types of cell, this,

too, gives rather brief coverage to brine and product processing. It then follows on with

descriptions of the major derivatives and direct uses of chlorine and a discussion of

environmental issues.

The last feature named above has relieved the authors of this work of the obligation to cover

applications in any detail. Instead, they provide a concentrated treatment of all aspects of

technology and handling directly related to the products of electrolysis. It covers the field

from a history of the industry, through the fundamentals of thermodynamics and

electrochemistry, to the treatment and disposal of the waste products of manufacture.

Membrane cells are considered the state of the art, but the book does not ignore mercury

and diaphragm cells. They are considered both from a historical perspective and as examples

of current technology that is still evolving and improving. Dear to the heart of a director of

Euro Chlor, the book also pays special attention to safe handling of the products, the

obligations of Responsible Care®, and process safety management.

Other major topics include corrosion, membranes, electrolyzer design, brine preparation and

treatment, and the design and operation of processing facilities. Perhaps uniquely, the book

also includes a chapter on plant commissioning. The coverage of membranes is both

fundamental and applied. The underlying transport processes and practical experience with

existing types of membrane both are covered. The same is true of electrolyzer design. The

book explores the basic electrode processes and the fundamentals of current distribution in

electrolyzers as well as the characteristics of the leading cell designs. The authors have chosen

to treat the critical subject of brine treatment in two separate chapters. The chapter on brine

production and treatment first covers the sources of salt and the techniques used to prepare

brine. It then explains the mechanisms by which brine impurities affect cell performance and

outlines the processes by which they can be removed or controlled. While pointing out the

lack of fundamental science in much of the process, it describes the various unit operations

phenomenologically and discusses methods for sizing equipment and choosing materials of

construction. The chapter on processing and handling of products is similarly comprehensive.

Again, it is good to see that the authors have included a lengthy discussion of safe methods

and facilities for the handling of the products, particularly liquid chlorine. While the discussion

of the various processing steps includes the topic of process control, there is also a separate

chapter on instrumentation which is more hardware-oriented.

Other chapters deal with utility systems, cell room design and arrangement (with an emphasis

on direct current supply), alternative processes for the production of either chlorine or caustic

without the other, the production of hypochlorite, industrial hygiene, and speculations on

future developments in technology. There is an Appendix with selected physical property

data.

Contents

Fundamentals 3

chemical engineering principles required for design of a chlorine plant and examples 12

References 16

Overview of the ChlorAlkali Industry 37

wowozareermomwvow 49

References 74

References 94

References 125

Facility Design and Product Handling 705

References 762

Plant Commissioning and Support Systems 1013

References 1031

References 1047

References 1062

References 1087

References 1168

References 160

References 210

References 238

References 266

References 303

References 370

Brine Treatment and Cell Operation 387

References 439

References 464

References 696

References 1216

General Precomrnissioning 1226

References 1293

Corrosion 1295

References 1347

References 1396

Environmental Safety and Industrial Hygiene 1401

References 1459

References 1487

Copyright

Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing (Print)

Published:

November 1, 2005 by CRC Press

Content:

3640 Pages

Editor(s):

Sunggyu Lee

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Description Editor Bio(s)

Summary

This second edition Encyclopedia supplies nearly 350 gold standard articles on the

methods, practices, products, and standards influencing the chemical industries. It

offers expertly written articles on technologies at the forefront of the field to maximize

and enhance the research and production phases of current and emerging chemical

manufacturing practices and techniques. This collecting of information is of vital

interest to chemical, polymer, electrical, mechanical, and civil engineers, as well as

chemists and chemical researchers.

A complete reconceptualization of the classic reference series the Encyclopedia of

Chemical Processing and Design, whose first volume published in 1976, this resource

offers extensive A-Z treatment of the subject in five simultaneously published volumes,

with comprehensive indexing of all five volumes in the back matter of each tome. It

includes material on the design of key unit operations involved with chemical

processes; the design, unit operation, and integration of reactors and separation

systems; process system peripherals such as pumps, valves, and controllers; analytical

techniques and equipment; and pilot plant design and scale-up criteria.

This reference contains well-researched sections on automation, equipment, design and

simulation, reliability and maintenance, separations technologies, and energy and

environmental issues. Authoritative contributions cover chemical processing

equipment, engineered systems, and laboratory apparatus currently utilized in the field.

It also presents expert overviews on key engineering science topics in property

predictions, measurements and analysis, novel materials and devices, and emerging

chemical fields.