handy vehicle documentation

8/2/2019 Handy Vehicle Documentation

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CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION

In this project handy vehicle regulation using digitally addressed micro controllers , a

micro controller is interfaced with a computer , transmitter ,LCD . The Micro controller is used

for monitoring and decoding the digital signaling. The LCD is used for user interface. . Linear

power supply is used to provide operating voltages. The Real time clock chip (RTC) is used to

generate real time signals to maintain the clock in our system in the power failure conditions.

Here computer is interfaced to input the data through the keyboard to the MC for

iteration to the human (user). By this the user transmits the required data to be displayed on the

dislplay .

When power is switched on, Micro controller (MC) is reset by power through the reset

circuit. It produces one high pulse and continues low pulse. During the high pulse the program

counter is set to 0000h. During low pulse the program counter starts its count and the

remaining operations are executed.

First the MC sends the signals to the LCD to display the massage such as project title

etcthis also indicate the reset of MC. Next it monitor the input address i.e the digital address

of mc for editing the menu items such as [*/# ]. Next MC initiates the RTC and gets the timing

details from its data bus. And it will initiate the ADC (adc0809). This is a multiplexed ADC and

it will handle 8 analog signals and they selected according to the address pins (A0, A1, A2). MC

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selects the one of the parameter (CT\PT) by giving address signals. And it will give the start of

conversion signal and it will wait for end of the conversion.

According to the user settings i.e the address initially sent is decoded at the mc end , checks

wether the data is sent to it or not , by matching and checking the address ( $/# ) further driver

manually checks the data obtained to match a certain place in a industry with help of look up

table provided.

Block diagram

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Chapter-2

Radio

433 MHz RF Receiver STR-433

The STR-433 is ideal for short-range remote control applications where cost is a primary

concern. The receiver module requires no external RF components except for the antenna. It

generates virtually no emissions, making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The super-regenerative

design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost. Themanufacturing-friendly SIP style

package and low-cost make the STR-433 suitable for high volume applications.

2.1.1 Features

Low Cost

5V operation

3.5mA current drain

No External Parts are required

Receiver Frequency: 433.92 MHZ

Typical sensitivity: -105dBm

IF Frequency: 1MHz

2.1.2 Applications

Car security system

Sensor reporting

Automation system

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Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)

Remote Lighting Controls

On-Site Paging

Asset Tracking

Wireless Alarm and Security Systems

Long Range RFID

433 MHz RF Transmitter STT-433

The STT-433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is

required. The transmitter operates from 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered

applications.The transmitter employs SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency

control for best range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are easy to control,

making FCC and ETSI compliance easy. The manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and

low-cost make the STT-433 suitable for high volume applications.

2.2.1 Features

433.92 MHz Frequency

Low Cost

1.5-12V operation

11mA current consumption at 3V

Small size

4 dBm output power at 3V

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2.2.2 Applications

Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)

Remote Lighting Controls

On-Site Paging

Asset Tracking

Wireless Alarm and Security Systems

Automated Resource Management

2.2.3 Specification

CHAPTER-3

Interfacing

3.1 8- bit micro controller: 89C2051

Looking back into the history of microcomputers, one would at first come

across the development of microprocessor i.e. the processing element, and later on the peripheral

devices. The three basic elements-the CPU, I/O devices and memory-have developed in distinct

directions. While the CPU has been the proprietary item, the memory devices fall into general-

purpose category and the I/O devices may be grouped somewhere in-between.

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The AT89C2051 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2kbytes of

Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (EPROM). The device is manufactured

using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-

standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to

be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By

combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a

powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many

embedded control applications.

The AT89C2051 provides for 2k EPROM/ROM, 128 byte RAM and 15 I/O lines. It also

includes a universal asynchronous receive-transmit (UART) device, two 16-bit timer/counters

and elaborate interrupt logic. Lack of multiply and divide instructions which had been always

felt in 8-bit microprocessors/micro controllers, has also been taken care of in the 89s52- Thus

the 89s52 may be called nearly equivalent of the following devices on a single chip: 8085 +

8255 + 8251 + 8253 + 2764 + 6116.

AT89C2051 has the following on-chip features:

89s52 Central Processing Unit

On-chip FLASH Program Memory

Speedup to 33 MHz

RAM expandable externally up to 64 Kbytes

Four interrupt priority levels

Six interrupt sources

Four 8-bit input output ports

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Full-duplex enhanced UART

Framing error detection

Automatic address recognition

o Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1and additional T2

Programmable clock out

Second DPTR register

Asynchronous port reset

Power control modes

o -Clock can be stopped and resumed

o -Idle mode

o -Power down mode

non-volatile FLASH program memory that is parallel programmable

Flash memory features

FLASH EPROM internal program memory with chip erases.

Up to 64K byte external program memory if the internal program memory is

disabled

Programmable security bits.

10,000 minimum erase/program cycles for each byte.

3.2 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CONTROLLER

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Use of external memory requires that three of its 8-bit ports (out of four) are

configured to provide data/address multiplexed bus. Hi address bus and control signals

related to external memory use. The RXD and TXD ports of UART also appear on

pins 10 and 11 of 8051 and 8031, respectively. One 8-bit port, which is bit addressable

and, extremely useful for control applications.

The UART utilizes one of the internal timers for generation of baud rate. The

crystal used for generation of CPU clock has therefore to be chosen carefully. The

11.0596 MHz crystals; available abundantly, can provide a baud rate of 9600.

The internal RAM utilizes the 256-byte address space and special function

registers (SFRs) array, which is separate from external data RAM space of 64k. The

00-7F space is occupied by the RAM and the 80 - FF space by the SFRs. The 128byte internal RAM has been utilized in the following fashion:

00-IF: Used for four banks of eight registers of 8-bit each. The four banks may be

selected by software any time during the program.

20-2F: The 16 bytes may be used as 128 bits of individually addressable locations.

These are extremely useful for bit-oriented programs.

30- 7F: This area is used for temporary storage, pointers and stack. On reset, the stack

starts at 08 and gets incremented during use.

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\INTERNAL DIAGRAM OF 89s52 fig 2

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The list of special function registers along with their hex addresses is given-(table1)

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11

AT 89s52 Address

register

Addr. Port/Register

80 P0 (Port 0)

81 SP (stack pointer)

82 DPH (data pointer High)

83 DPL (data pointer Low)

88 TCON (timer control)

89 TMOD (timer mode)

8A TLO (timer 0 low byte)

8B TL1 (timer 1 low byte)

8C TH0 (timer 0 high byte)

8D TH1 (timer 1 high byte)

90 P1 (port 1)

98 SCON (serial control)

99 SBUF (serial buffer)

A0 P2 (port 2)

A8 Interrupt enable (IE)

B0 P3 (port 3)

B8 Interrupt priority (IP)

D0 Processor status word (PSW)

E0 Accumulator (ACC)

F0 B register


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SFR ADDRESSES IN 89s52

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS(SFRs)

SFR DESCRIPTIONS

P0 (Port 0, Address 80h, Bit-Addressable): This is input/output port 0. Each bit

of this SFR corresponds to one of the pins on the microcontroller. For example, bit 0

of port 0 is pin P0.0, bit 7 is pin P0.7. Writing a value of 1 to a bit of this SFR will

send a high level on the corresponding I/O pin whereas a value of 0 will bring it to a

low level.

DPL/DPH (Data Pointer Low/High, Addresses 82h/83h)

The SFRs DPL and DPH work together to represent a 16-bit value called the

Data Pointer. The data pointer is used in operations regarding external RAM and some

instructions involving code memory. Since it is an unsigned two-byte integer value, it

can represent values from 0000h to FFFFh (0 through 65,535 decimal).

PCON (Power Control, Addresses 87h): The Power Control SFR is used to

control the 8051's power control modes. Certain operation modes of the 8051 allow the

8051 to go into a type of "sleep" mode which requires much less power. These modes

of operation are controlled through PCON. Additionally, one of the bits in PCON is

used to double the effective baud rate of the 8051's serial port.

TCON (Timer Control, Addresses 88h, Bit-Addressable)

The Timer Control SFR is used to configure and modify the way in which the

8051's two timers operate. This SFR controls whether each of the two timers is running

or stopped and contains a flag to indicate that each timer has overflowed. Additionally,

some non-timer related bits are located in the TCON SFR. These bits are used to

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configure the way in which the external interrupts are activated and also contain the

external interrupt flags which are set when an external interrupt has occured.

TMOD (Timer Mode, Addresses 89h)

The Timer Mode SFR is used to configure the mode of operation of each of the

two timers. Using this SFR your program may configure each timer to be a 16-bit

timer, an 8-bit autoreload timer, a 13-bit timer, or two separate timers. Additionally, you

may configure the timers to only count when an external pin is activated or to count

"events" that are indicated on an external pin.

TL0/TH0 (Timer 0 Low/High, Addresses 8Ah/8Ch)

These two SFRs, taken together, represent timer 0. Their exact behavior depends on

how the timer is configured in the TMOD SFR; however, these timers always count

up. What is configurable is how and when they increment in value.

GATE: When set, start and stop of timer by hardware

When reset, start and stop of timer by software

C/T : Cleared for timer operation

table-2

M1 M0 MODE OPERATING MODE

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0 0 0 13-bit timer mode

0 1 1 16-bit timer mode

1 0 2 8-bit auto reload mode

1 1 3 Split timer mode

TL1/TH1 (Timer 1 Low/High, Addresses 8Bh/8Dh)

These two SFRs, taken together, represent timer 1. Their exact behavior depends

on how the timer is configured in the TMOD SFR; however, these timers always count

up. What is configurable is how and when they increment in value.

Address =88H.

Bit addressable.

TF: Timer overflow flag: Set by hardware when the timer/counter overflows. It is

cleared by hardware, as the processor vectors to the interrupt service routine.

TR: timer run control bit: Set or cleared by software to turn timer or counter on/off.

IE: set by CPU when the external interrupt edge (H-to-L transition) is detected. It

is cleared by CPU when the interrupt is processed.

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IT: set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low-level triggered external

interrupt.

P1 (Port 1, Address 90h, Bit-Addressable)

This is input/output port 1. Each bit of this SFR corresponds to one of the pins

on the microcontroller. For example, bit 0 of port 1 is pin P1.0, bit 7 is pin P1.7.

Writing a value of 1 to a bit of this SFR will send a high level on the corresponding

I/O pin whereas a value of 0 will bring it to a low level.

SCON (Serial Control, Addresses 98h, Bit-Addressable)

The Serial Control SFR is used to configure the behavior of the 8051's on-board

serial port. This SFR controls the baud rate of the serial port, whether the serial port is

activated to receive data, and also contains flags that are set when a byte is successfully

sent or received.

8H

REN set or cleared by software to enable or disable reception.

TB 8 not widely used.

RB 8 not widely used.

TI transmits interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the beginning of the stop bit in

mode 1. It must be cleared by software.

RI received interrupts flag. Set by hardware halfway through the stop bit time in

mode 1. It must be cleared by software.

table-3

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SM0 SM1 Serial mode 0

0 0 Synchronous mode

0 1 8-bit data, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit,

variable baud rate

1 0 9- bit data, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit,

fixed baud rate

1 1 9- bit data, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit,

variable baud rate

SBUF (Serial Control, Addresses 99h)

The Serial Buffer SFR is used to send and receive data via the on-board serial

port. Any value written to SBUF will be sent out the serial port's TXD pin. Likewise,

any value which the 8051 receives via the serial port's RXD pin will be delivered to

the user program via SBUF. In other words, SBUF serves as the output port when

written to and as an input port when read from.

P2 (Port 2, Address A0h, Bit-Addressable)


on the microcontroller. For example, bit 0 of port 2 is pin P2.0, bit 7 is pin P2.7.

Writing a value of 1 to a bit of this SFR will send a high level on the corresponding

I/O pin whereas a value of 0 will bring it to a low level.

3.3 SERIAL COMMUNICATION

When a microprocessor communicates with the outside world, it provides data in

byte-sized chunks. In some cases, such as printers, the information is simply grabbed

from the 8-bit data bus and presented to the 8-bit data bus of the printer. This can

work only if the cable is not too long, since long cables diminish and ever distort

signals. Furthermore, and 8-bit data path is expensive.

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For these reasons, serial communication is used for transferring data between two

systems located at distances of hundreds of feet to millions of miles apart.

The fact that in serial communication a single data line is used instead of the 8-

bit data line of parallel communication makes it not only much cheaper but also makes

it possible for two computers located in two different cities to communicate over the

telephone.

Serial data communication uses two methods, a synchronous and asynchronous.

The synchronous method transfers a block of data at a time while the synchronous

transfers a single byte at a time.

It is mean possible to write software to use either of these methods, but the

programs can be tedious and long. For this reason, there are special IC chips made bymany manufacturers for serial data communications.

These chips are commonly referred to as UART (universal asynchronous receiver-

transmitter) and USART (universal synchronous -asynchronous receiver-transmitter).

The8051 chips has built-in UART, which is discussed

DATA TRANSFER RATE

The rate of data transfer in serial data communication is stated in bps (bits per

second). Another widely used terminology for bps is baud rate. Baud rate is defined

as the number of signal changes per second.

As far as the conductor wire is concerned, the baud rates as bps are the same.

If each signal change represents more than one bit, bits per second may be greater than

baud rate.

3.4 RS 232 STANDARDS INTERFACING

To allow compatibility among the data communication equipment made by

various manufacturers; an interfacing standard called RS232, was set by the electronics

industries association (EIA) in 1960. RS 232 is the standard defined for the connection

of "Data Terminal Equipment" (DTE) to "Data Communications Equipment" (DCE).

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DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) is a generic term for an item which forms part

of the "information processing" portions of a system. Examples are: computer, printer,

and terminal.

DCE (Data Communications Equipment) is a device, which provides an interface

between a DTE and a communications link.

DTE/DCE CONNECTION

All Signals Are Ground Referenced to in Pin 7

TXD, RXD---- Transmit and Receive Signal

RTS---- Request to Send, from DTE

CTS---- Clear to send, from DCE together with RTS

DTE---- Data Terminal Ready, indicates to the modem that a DTE is Connected and

enabled.

fig 3 DTE

DC connections

DSR--- Data Set Ready,

indicates to the DTE that

the modem is present

and turned on

CD-- Carrier Detect,

indicates that this modem is

receiving a signal from the

remote modem.

In RS 232, a 1 is represented by -3 to -25V which is called Mark, while a 0

bit is + 3 to + 25V which is called Space.

To connect any RS 232 to a c system, voltage converters such as Max 232are

used. Max 232 IC chips are commonly referred to as line drivers.8.3. MAX 232. The

RS 232 is not compatible with micro controllers, so a line driver converts the RS 232's

signals to TTL voltage levels.

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3.5 LCD MODULE INTERFACING

To display an interactive messages we are using LCD Module. We examine an

intelligent LCD display of two lines, 20 characters per line, that is interfaced to the

8051.The protocol (handshaking) for the display is as shown.

Where as D0 to D7thbit is the Data lines, RS, RW and EN pins are the control

pins and remaining pins are +5V, -5V and GND to provide supply. Where RS is the

Register Select, RW is the Read Write and EN is the Enable pin.

The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands (RS=0)

and the second for characters to be displayed (RS=1). It also contains a user-

programmed RAM area (the character RAM) that can be programmed to generate any

desired character that can be formed using a dot matrix.

To distinguish between these two data areas, the hex command byte 80 will be

used to signify that the display RAM address 00h will be chosen.

Port1 is used to furnish the command or data type, and ports 3.2 to3.4 furnish

register select and read/write levels, The display takes varying amounts of time to

accomplish the functions as listed. LCD bit 7 is monitored for logic high (busy) to

ensure the display is overwritten.

3.6 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

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Now that the basic form of an assembly language program has been given,

the next question is: how it is created, assembled and made ready to run? The

steps to create an executable assembly language program are outlined as follows.

BASIC FORM OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM

First we use an editor to type in a program similar to program. Many excellent

editors or word processors are available that can be used to create and/or edit

the program. A widely used editor is the MS-DOS EDIT program (or notepad

in Windows), which comes with all Microsoft operating systems. Notice that theeditor must be able to produce an ASCII file. For many assemblers, the file

names follow the usual DOS conventions, but the source file has the extension

"ASM "or "SRC ", depending on which assembler you are using. Check your

assembler for the convention. The "asm ", extension for the source file is used

by an assembler in the next step.

The "ASM "source file containing the program code is created in step 1 is fed

to an 8051 assembler. The assembler converts the instructions into machine code.

The assembler will produce an object file and a list file. The extension for the

object file is "OBJ "by the extension for the list file is "1ST ".

Assemblers require a third step calling linking. The link program takes one or

more objects files and produces an absolute object file with the extension "ABS".

8051 trainers that have a monitor program use this ABS file.

Next the "ABS "file is fed into a program called "OH "(Object to Hex

Converter) which creates a file with extension "HEX "that these ready to burn

into ROM. This program comes with all 8051 assemblers. Recent Windows-

based assemblers combine steps 2 through 4 into one step.

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EVALUATION OF KEIL

Start the Vision Program

After the program has started:

Select File, New from the program menu

Type your assembly file. The following is an example of a toggle program.

Select File, Save from the program menu

The first time you save the program a dialog box will popup and allow you to

name your file and file type.

Save program with filename: xxxxx.asm

The File type is mentioned at last (.asm) means assembly language

Select Project, New Project from the program menu

Give some project name: xxxx.prj

Click on the Add button

A dialog-box appears, allowing you to add files to the project

Change the file type to Assembly.

Select your assembly file.

Click on the Add button then close the Add dialog box. Click on Save in your Project dialog box.

Select Project, Make: Build Project from the program menu

This creates the HEX file you need for the 8051

Chapter-4

Data transmission process

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4.1 Introduction to micro controller

The AT89C2051 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer

with 2kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (EPROM).

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel

AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly flexiblemany

embedded control applications.It also includes a universal asynchronous receive-

transmit (UART) device, two 16-bit timer/counters and elaborate interrupt logic

30- 7F: This area is used for temporary storage, pointers and stack. On reset,

the stack starts at 08 and gets incremented during use

Use of external memory requires that three of its 8-bit ports (out of four) are

configured to provide data/address multiplexed bus. Hi address bus and control

signals related to external memory use. The RXD and TXD ports of UART also

appear on pins 10 and 11 of 8051 and 8031, respectively. One 8-bit port, which

is bit addressable and, extremely useful for control applications.

The UART utilizes one of the internal timers for generation of baud rate. The

crystal used for generation of CPU clock has therefore to be chosen carefully.

The 11.0596 MHz crystals; available abundantly, can provide a baud rate of

9600.

The internal RAM utilizes the 256-byte address space and special function

registers (SFRs) array, which is separate from external data RAM space of 64k.

The 00-7F space is occupied by the RAM and the 80 - FF space by the SFRs.

The 128 byte internal RAM has been utilized in the following fashion:

00-IF: Used for four banks of eight registers of 8-bit each. The four banks may

be selected by software any time during the program.

20-2F: The 16 bytes may be used as 128 bits of individually addressable

locations

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4.2 SIX INTERRUPTS IN THE 89S52

Reset.

Two interrupts are set aside for the timers.

Two interrupts are set aside for hardware external hardware interrupts.

Serial Communications has a single interrupt (receive and transfer).

The Interrupt Enable SFR is used to enable and disable specific interrupts. The low 7

bits of the SFR are used to enable/disable the specific interrupts, where as the highest

bit is used to enable or disable ALL interrupts. Thus, if the high bit of IE is 0 all

interrupts are disabled regardless of whether an individual interrupt is enabled by setting

a lower bit.

EA disable all interrupts. If EA = 0, now interrupt is acknowledged. If EA = 1,

each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable

a lap bit.

---- Not implemented, reserved for future use.

ET2 enables or disables timer 2 overflow or capturer interrupt.

ES enables or disables the serial port interrupt.

ET1 enables or disables timer 1 overflow interrupt.

EX1 enables or disables external interrupt 1.ET0 enables or disables timer 0 overflow interrupt.

EX0 enables or disables external interrupt 0.

P3 (Port 3, Address B0h, Bit-Addressable)

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on the microcontroller.

For example, bit 0 of port 3 is pin P3.0, bit 7 is pin P3.7. Writing a value of 1

to a bit of this SFR will send a high level on the corresponding I/O pin whereas a

value of 0 will bring it to a low level.

IP (Interrupt Priority, Addresses B8h, Bit-Addressable)

The Interrupt Priority SFR is used to specify the relative priority of each

interrupt. On the 8051, an interrupt may either be of low (0) priority or high (1)

priority. An interrupt may only interrupt interrupts of lower priority.

If a serial interrupt is executing no other interrupt will be able to interrupt the

serial interrupt routine since the serial interrupt routine has the highest priority.

--- IP.7 Reserved

--- IP.6 Reserved

PT2 IP.5 Timer2 Interrupt Priority bit (for 8052 only)

PS IP.4 Serial Port Interrupt Priority Bit

PT1 IP.3 Timer1 Interrupt Priority Bit

PX1 IP.2 External Interrupt Priority Bit

PT0 IP.1 Timer0 Interrupt Priority Bit

PX0 IP.0 External Interrupt Priority Bit

PSW (Program Status Word, Addresses D0h, Bit-Addressable)

The Program Status Word is used to store a number of important bits that are

set and cleared by microcontroller instructions.

The PSW SFR contains the carry flag, the auxiliary carry flag, the overflow flag,

and the parity flag. Additionally, the PSW register contains the register bank select flags

which are used to select which of the "R" register banks are currently selected. The

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Pin number Common

Name

RS232

name

Description Signal

direction

1 /CD CF Received line signal detector IN

2 RXD BB Received data IN

3 TXD BA Transmitted data OUT4 /DTR CD Data terminal ready OUT

5 GND AB Signal ground --

6 /DSR CC Data set ready IN

7 /RTS CA Request to send OUT

8 /CTS CB Clear to send IN

9 -- CE Ring indicator IN

Table 4.1

We cannot simply connect our system to this terminal with out providing proper

hand shaking signal. For communicating with RS-232 type equipment, the /RTS

of the connector is simply looped into the /CTS, so /CTS will automatically be

asserted when /RTS is asserted internally. Similarly the /DTR is looped into

/DSR and /CD, so when PC asserts its /DTR output the /DSR and /CD inputs are

automatically be asserted, these connections do not provide for any hardware

hand shaking. They are necessary to get the PC and our system talk each other.

The fact that in serial communication a single data line is used instead of

the 8-bit data line of parallel communication makes it not only much

cheaper but also makes it possible for two computers located in two

different cities to communicate over the telephone.

Serial data communication uses two methods, a synchronous and

asynchronous. The synchronous method transfers a block of data at a

time while the synchronous transfers a single byte at a time.

It is mean possible to write software to use either of these methods, but

the programs can be tedious and long. For this reason, there are special

IC chips made by many manufacturers for serial data communications.

These chips are commonly referred to as UART (universal asynchronous

receiver-transmitter) and USART (universal synchronous -asynchronous

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receiver-transmitter). The8051 chips has built-in UART, which is

discussed

4.4 LCD DISPLAY

G +5V -5

11

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 RS R\W

BIT RS R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Clear LCD and memory, home cursor

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Clear and home cursor only

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1/0 S Screen action as display character written

S=1/0:Shift screen/cursor

I/O=1/0:cursor R/L,screen L/R

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B D=1/0:Screen on/off

C=1/0:Cursor on/off

B=1/0:Cursor blink/no blink

0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L 0 0 S/C:1/0:screen/Cursor

R/L:Shift one space R/L

0 0 0 0 1 DL N F 0 0 DL=1/0:8/4 Bits per Caracter

N=1/0; 2/1 Rows of Characters

F=1/0;5*10/5*7Dots/Character

27

1 2 3

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6


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0 0 0 1 Character address Write to character RAM address after this

0 0 1 Display data address Write to display RAM address after this

0 1 BF Current address BF=1/0:busy/Notbusy

1 0 Character type Write byte to last RAM chosen

1 1 Charcter type Read byte from last RAM chosen

Table -4

BIT RS R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FUNCTION

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Clear display

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 - Return Home

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1/

D

S Entry Mode

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Display On/Off control

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 S/

C

R/

L

- - Cursor or display shift

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0 0 0 0 0 1 D

L

N F - - Function Set

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Set CG RAM address

0 0 0 1 Set DD RAM address

0 0 0 0 Read Busy Flag & add

0 0 0 0

Write data CG or DD

RAM

CHAPTER 5

Internal CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5.1 Transmitter end

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C 4

E 2A N T E N N A

C 1 3 3 p f

C 1 3 3

U 1 3

M A X 2 3 2 A

1

3

4

5 1 6

1

5

2

6

1 29

1 1

1 01 3

8

1 4

7

C 1 +

C 1 -

C 2 +

C 2 - V C C15

V +

V

-

R 1 O U TR 2 O U T

T 1 I N

T 2 I NR 1 I N

R 2 I N

T 1 O U T

T 2 O U T

V C C

C 1 3 3 p f

P 1

C O N N E C T

5948

37261

5.2 Receiver end:

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V C C

7 8 0 51 3

2

v c c

1 . 2 K

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R 5

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1 0 0 0 U F

L C D

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P S

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1 M F

3

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3

5

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4

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7 8 0 51 3

2

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C 1 3 3 p f

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2 6

2 7

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P 1 . 2

P 1 . 3

P 1 . 4

P 1 . 5

P 1 . 6

P 1 . 7

P 2 . 0 / A 8

P 2 . 1 / A 9

P 2 . 2 / A 1 0

P 2 . 3 / A 1 1

P 2 . 4 / A 1 2

P 2 . 5 / A 1 3

P 2 . 6 / A 1 4

P 2 . 7 / A 1 5

P 3 . 0 / R X D

P 3 . 1 / T X D

P 3 . 2 / I N T 0

P 3 . 3 / I N T 1

P 3 . 4 / T 0

P 3 . 5 / T 1

P 3 . 6 / W R

P 3 . 7 / R D

P 0 . 0 / A D 0

P 0 . 1 / A D 1

P 0 . 2 / A D 2

P 0 . 3 / A D 3

P 0 . 4 / A D 4

P 0 . 5 / A D 5

P 0 . 6 / A D 6

P 0 . 7 / A D 7

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C 5

P S

5.4 Power supply circuit

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C 7

2 2 0 0 u f

R 51 K

D 26 A

D

L

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P

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+ 1 2 V

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2

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6 A

chapter 6

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Appendix

SOURCE CODE

6.1

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Handy vehicle regulation using digitally

adressed micro controllers [add=$]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include /* define 8051 registers */

#include /* define I/O functions */

#include

sbit C1 = P1^4;

sbit C2 = P1^5;

sbit C3 = P1^6;

sbit tb1 = P3^7;

sbit blink = P2^1;

char code NAME[] = " HANDY VEHICLE ";

char code NAME1[] = " REGULATION ";

char code PRSK[] = "PRESS ANY KEY.. ";

char code BLNK[] = " ";

char code COL[] = " V.I.T.S ";

char code LOC[] = " HYDERABAD ";

char code SUBM[] = "SUBMITTED BY.. ";char code NAME2[] = "M.V.NAREN ";

char code HOD[] = "OUR HOD.. ";

char code HODN[] = "MR.SUDHAKAR RAO ";

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void delay();

void delayl();

char scnt = 0, cmd;

bit lock = 0;char endat;

char seq = 0;

char tdl = 0;

void timer (void) interrupt 1 using 0

{

tdl++;

if(tdl >= 15){

tdl = 0;

blink = 1;

}

}

void serl (void) interrupt 4 using 0

{

if(RI == 1)

{

RI = 0;

if((scnt == 1)&(SBUF != '#'))

{

cmd = SBUF;

scnt = 0;

lock = 1;blink = 0;

}

if(SBUF == '#')scnt = 1;

if(SBUF == '@')scnt = 0;

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}

}

void main (void)

{char ch=0xFF,pch=0xFF;

int keycnt = 1;

// char pkey,prk;

bit PL_RE = 1;

P0 = 0xFF;

P1 = 0xFF;P2 = 0xFF;

P3 = 0xFF;

SP = 0x55;

init_LCD();

disp_L1(NAME);

disp_L2(NAME1);

delayl();

disp_L1(COL);

disp_L2(LOC);

delayl();

disp_L1(SUBM);

// disp_L2(BLNK);

// delayl();

disp_L2(NAME2);// disp_L2(NAME3);

delayl();

disp_L1(HOD);

disp_L2(HODN);

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delayl();

sendcom(0x01);

TMOD = 0X21;IE = 0X92;

TH1 = 0xE8;

SCON = 0x50;

PCON &= 0x7F;

TR1 = 1;

TR0 = 1;

while (1)

{

tb1 = !tb1;

if(lock == 1)

{

lock = 0;

if(keycnt 16)

set_loc(2,keycnt - 16);

keycnt++;

if(keycnt>=33)keycnt = 1;

disp_char(cmd);

if(cmd == '^')

{sendcom(0x01);

keycnt = 1;

}

//blink = 1;

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}

}

}

void delay(){

int di = 0;

for(di = 0;di < 2000;di++);

}

void delayl()

{

long int di = 0;for(di = 0;di < 50000;di++);

}

6.2

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------


adressed micro controllers [add=#]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include /* define 8051 registers */

#include /* define I/O functions */

#include

sbit C1 = P1^4;

sbit C2 = P1^5;

sbit C3 = P1^6;

sbit tb1 = P3^7;

sbit blink = P2^1;

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char code NAME[] = " HANDY VEHICLE ";

char code NAME1[] = " REGULATION ";

char code PRSK[] = "PRESS ANY KEY.. ";

char code BLNK[] = " ";char code COL[] = " V.I.T.S ";

char code LOC[] = " HYDERABAD ";

char code SUBM[] = "SUBMITTED BY.. ";

char code NAME2[] = "M.V.NAREN ";

char code HOD[] = "OUR HOD.. ";

char code HODN[] = "MR.SUDHAKAR RAO ";

void delay();

void delayl();

char scnt = 0, cmd;

bit lock = 0;

char endat;

char seq = 0;

char tdl = 0;

void timer (void) interrupt 1 using 0

{

tdl++;

if(tdl >= 15)

{

tdl = 0;

blink = 1;

}}

void serl (void) interrupt 4 using 0

{

if(RI == 1)

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{

RI = 0;

if((scnt == 1)&(SBUF != '$'))

{cmd = SBUF;

scnt = 0;

lock = 1;

blink = 0;

}

if(SBUF == '$')scnt = 1;

if(SBUF == '@')scnt = 0;}

}

void main (void)

{

char ch=0xFF,pch=0xFF;

int keycnt = 1;

// char pkey,prk;

bit PL_RE = 1;

P0 = 0xFF;

P1 = 0xFF;

P2 = 0xFF;

P3 = 0xFF;

SP = 0x55;

init_LCD();

disp_L1(NAME);

disp_L2(NAME1);

delayl();

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disp_L1(COL);

disp_L2(LOC);

delayl();

disp_L1(SUBM);// disp_L2(BLNK);

// delayl();

disp_L2(NAME2);

// disp_L2(NAME3);

delayl();

disp_L1(HOD);

disp_L2(HODN);delayl();

sendcom(0x01);

TMOD = 0X21;

IE = 0X92;

TH1 = 0xE8;

SCON = 0x50;

PCON &= 0x7F;

TR1 = 1;

TR0 = 1;

while (1)

{

tb1 = !tb1;

if(lock == 1){

lock = 0;

if(keycnt


42/46

if(keycnt > 16)

set_loc(2,keycnt - 16);

keycnt++;

if(keycnt>=33)keycnt = 1;disp_char(cmd);

if(cmd == '^')

{

sendcom(0x01);

keycnt = 1;

}

//blink = 1;}

}

}

void delay()

{

int di = 0;

for(di = 0;di < 2000;di++);

}

void delayl()

{

long int di = 0;

for(di = 0;di < 50000;di++);

}

6.3

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/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------


addressed micro controllers- comp------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define COM1 1

#define DATA_READY 0x100

#define TRUE 1

#define FALSE 0

#define SETTINGS (_COM_1200 | _COM_NOPARITY | _COM_STOP1 | _COM_CHR8)

#define XVAL 10

#define YVAL 10

int main(void)

{

unsigned in, out, status;

int xcnt = XVAL, ycnt = YVAL;

int adr = 0, snt = 0;

textmode(C40);

_bios_serialcom(_COM_INIT, COM1, SETTINGS);

clrscr();

gotoxy(5, 2);

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textcolor(LIGHTRED);

textbackground(BLUE);

cprintf(" PC BASED MOVING MESSAGE DISPLAY\n");

gotoxy(4, 4);textcolor(LIGHTGREEN);

textbackground(BLACK);

cprintf("\n");

textcolor(RED);

textbackground(LIGHTGRAY);

gotoxy(10,18);

cprintf("No Device selected ");gotoxy(XVAL, YVAL);

for (;;)

{

// status = _bios_serialcom(_COM_STATUS, COM1, 0);

// if (status & DATA_READY)

// if ((out = _bios_serialcom(_COM_RECEIVE, COM1, 0) & 0xFF) !=

0)

// putch(out);

_bios_serialcom(_COM_SEND, COM1, '@');

delay(10);

if (kbhit())

{

if ((in = getch()) == '\x1B')

break;

snt = 0;textcolor(RED);

textbackground(LIGHTGRAY);

if(in == '#'){adr = '#';snt = 1;gotoxy(10,18);cprintf("Device 1 selected

");gotoxy(xcnt, ycnt);}

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if(in == '$'){adr = '$';snt = 1;gotoxy(10,18);cprintf("Device 2 selected

");gotoxy(xcnt, ycnt);}

if(snt == 0)

{textcolor(CYAN);

textbackground(BLACK);

_bios_serialcom(_COM_SEND, COM1, adr);

_bios_serialcom(_COM_SEND, COM1, in);

// _bios_serialcom(_COM_SEND, COM1, adr in);

xcnt++;

if (xcnt >= XVAL + 20){

xcnt = XVAL;

ycnt++;

if (ycnt >= YVAL + 6)ycnt = XVAL;

gotoxy(xcnt, ycnt);

}

putch(in);

}

}

}

return 0;

}

CHAPTER 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Mazidi ( 89s52 Programming and Embedded System)

http://www.am.pepperl-fuchs.com/products for Inductive proximity sensor

http://www.scienceprog.com/ir-remote-control-signal-receiver-using-avr-

microcontroller/

http://www.beyondlogic.org/parlcd/parlcd.htm

ADC0809 DATA SHEET (datasheet.com)

Atmel.com

LM358 (datasheet.com)

handy vehicle documentation

Documents