hao, l. l., et al., first identification of ...figure dr6. a sketch map (not to scale) showing the...
TRANSCRIPT
Hao, L.‐L., et al., 2019, First identification of postcollisional A‐type magmatism in the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen: Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45526.1
1. Supplementary Figures
Figure DR1. Field photos of the A‐type volcanic rocks in the Konglong area (sampling locations:
N30°33′09.9″, E85°59′30.6″; N30°30′20.4″, E85°57′29.3″; N30°29′45″, E85°56′39″) of the Lhasa
block, southern Tibet. The field photos for the Konglong type‐1 lavas can be found in Hao et al.
(2018).
GSA Data Repository 2019066
Figure DR2. Representative photomicrographs for the Konglong lavas: (a‐c) A‐type trachytes; (d‐f)
A‐type rhyolites; (g‐i) type‐1 trachytes. Cpx, clinopyroxene; Phl, phlogopite; Kfs, K‐feldspar; Amp,
amphibole; Pl, plagioclase; Bt, biotite; Sdl, sodalite; Ap, Apatite; Ttn, Titanite.
Figure DR3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircons from the Konglong lavas:
(a‐b) for A‐type trachyte (KL16‐1), (c‐d) for A‐type rhyolite (KL20‐3), (e‐f) for type‐1 trachyte
(KL21‐1). The circles denote the analytical spots. The red and yellow numbers denote the
analytical zircon 18O values and U‐Pb ages, respectively. No inherited zircons or cores have been found.
Figure DR4. Major‐element Harker diagrams. The ultrapotassic lavas and adakites in southern
Tibet are from Ding et al. (2003), Williams et al. (2001, 2004), Guo et al. (2007, 2013, 2015),
Miller et al. (1999), Nomade et al. (2004), Gao et al. (2007), Wang et al. (2014), Zhao et al.
(2009), Chung et al. (2003, 2009), Hou et al. (2004), Zheng et al. (2012) and Zhang et al. (2014).
Figure DR5. (a) A/NK versus A/CNK plot and (b) TZr‐saturation (zircon saturation temperature)
(Boehnke et al., 2013) versus whole‐rock Zr content. The fields of leucogranites in the Himalaya
and peraluminous rhyolites in northern Tibetan plateau are from Wu et al. (2015) and Wang et
al. (2012), respectively. The typical A‐type granites are from Whalen et al. (1987).
Figure DR6. A sketch map (not to scale) showing the postcollisonal tectonic evolution of the
southern Himalayan‐Tibetan (Himalaya‐western Lhasa) orogen (modified from DeCelles et al,
2011): (1) India‐Lhasa ongoing collision, where the Indian continental lithosphere is dragged by
the subducted Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, induced slab breakoff at 50‐45 Ma (i.e.,
separation of the oceanic and continental lithosphere) due to the buoyancy of Indian
continental lithosphere (Zhu et al., 2015), which caused the presence of a magmatic flare‐up
(e.g., Linzizong vlocanic rocks and Gandese batholith) and ocean island basalt‐type rocks (Ji et
al.,2016; Zhu et al., 2015); (2) during 45‐25 Ma, Indian plate flat subduction beneath western
Lhasa block occurred and induced a magmatic gap. In this stage, crustal thickening of the
underthrusting Indian plate contributed to generation of the Eocene‐Oligocene adakites and
leucogranites in the Himalaya (Hou et al., 2012). (3) at ~25‐24 Ma, foundering of the flat Indian
plate beneath western Lhasa block caused significant N‐S extension of southern Himalaya‐Tibet,
which is expressed by extrusion of the GHC (i.e., the onset of MCT to the south and of STDS to
the north), and formation of the Kailas basin (DeCelles et al, 2011) and Konglong A‐type
magmatism (this study). Meanwhile, intense postcollisional (Late Oligocene‐Miocene)
ultrapotassic and leucogranitic magmatism began to occur (Chung et al., 2005). Ultrapotassic
rocks were derived from an enriched mantle metasomatized by the subducted Indian plate.
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2 Methods
2.1 Zircon U‐Pb age and O isotope analyses
Zircon crystals were separated from six rock samples from the Konglong lavas [two A‐type
rhyolites (13KL04‐1, 20‐3), one A‐type trachyte (13KL16‐1) and three type‐1 trachytes (13KL17‐1,
21‐1, 02‐3)] using standard density and magnetic separation techniques. Zircon grains were
handpicked and mounted in an epoxy resin disk, and then polished and coated with gold.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) images were taken at SKLaBIG, GIGCAS with a JEOL JXA‐8100
Superprobe for inspecting internal morphology of individual zircons and for selecting positions
for U‐Pb age and O isotope analyses.
LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating for five samples (13KL04‐1, 20‐3, 16‐1, 17‐1, 21‐1) was
conducted at the MC‐ICPMS laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS) in Beijing, China. Detailed operating conditions for the laser
ablation system and the ICP‐MS instrument and data reduction were the same as those
described in Xie et al. (2008). An Agilent 7500a quadruple (Q)‐ICPMS and a Neptune multi‐
collector (MC)‐ICPMS with a 193 nm excimer ArF laser‐ablation system (GeoLas Plus) attached
were used for simultaneous determination of zircon U‐Pb ages. Uncertainties on individual
analyses in the data tables are reported at a 1σ level. Mean ages for pooled U/Pb and Pb/Pb
analyses are quoted with 2σ and/or 95% confidence intervals. 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/238U ratios
were calculated using the ICPMSDataCal software (Liu et al., 2008), using the zircon standard
91500 as an external standard. During the analyses in this study, GJ‐1 as an unknown sample
yielded a weighted 206Pb/238U age of 610.9 ± 3.1 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.15), which is in good
agreement with the recommended U‐Pb age (610 ± 1.7 Ma). Common Pb was corrected
according to the method proposed by Andersen (2002). The weighted mean U‐Pb ages and
Concordia plots were processed using the Isoplot/Ex v.3.0 program (Ludwig, 2003).
SIMS zircon U‐Pb dating for sample 13KL02‐3 were conducted using the Cameca IMS‐1280
SIMS at State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLaBIG, GIGCAS) and the analytical procedures were similar to
those described by Li et al. (2009). The O2‐ primary ion beam with an intensity of ca. 10 nA was
accelerated at ‐13 kV. The ellipsoidal spot is about 20×30 μm in size. U‐Th‐Pb ratios were
determined relative to the standard zircon 337 Ma ago Plešovice (Sláma et al., 2008). In order to
monitor the external uncertainties of SIMS U‐Pb zircon dating calibrated against Plešovice
standard, a second zircon standard Qinghu was alternately analyzed as an unknown together
with other unknown zircons. Seven measurements on Qinghu zircon yielded a concordia age of
160.7 ± 1.8 Ma, which is identical within error with the recommended value of 159.5 ± 0.2 Ma
(Li et al., 2013).
Zircon oxygen isotopes were measured using a Cameca IMS‐1280 SIMS at SKLaBIG, GIGCAS.
The detailed analytical procedures were similar to those described by Li et al. (2010a). The
measured oxygen isotopic data were corrected for instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) using
the Penglai zircon standard (δ18OVSMOW = 5.3‰) (Li et al., 2010b). The internal precision of a
single analysis was generally better than 0.2‰ (1σ standard error) for the 18O/16O ratio. The
external precision, measured by the reproducibility of repeated analyses of Penglai standard is
0.17‰ (1SD, n = 24). 16 measurements of the Qinghu zircon standard during the course of these
studies yielded weighted mean of δ18O = 5.50, consistent within errors with the reported value
of 5.4 ± 0.2‰ (Li et al., 2013).
2.2 Whole‐rock geochemical analyses
The samples used for geochemical analyses were powdered to ~200‐mesh size in an agate
mortar. Major element oxides were analyzed using a Rigaku RIX 2000 X‐ray fluorescence
spectrometer at the SKLaBIG, GIGCAS on fused glass beads. Calibration lines used in
quantification were produced by bivariate regression of data from 36 reference materials
encompassing a wide range of silicate compositions (Li et al., 2004). The analyzing results for the
USGS standard reference standards (GSR‐1, GSR‐2, and GSR‐3) indicate that analytical
uncertainties were generally better than 5%. Trace elements were analyzed using an Agilent
7500a ICP‐MS at GIGCAS. Analytical procedures were similar to those described by Li et al.
(2004). A set of USGS and Chinese national rock standards, including BHVO‐2, AGV‐2 and W‐2
were chosen for calibration. Analytical precision typically is better than 3%. The total procedure
blank was treated in the same way as the samples, and was corrected for in all the samples and
reference standards.
Sr and Nd isotopic analyses were performed on a Micromass Isoprobe multi‐collector ICP‐
MS at the GIGCAS, using analytical procedures described by Li et al. (2006). Sr and REE were
separated using cation columns, and Nd fractions were further separated by HDEHP‐coated Kef
columns. Measured 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios were normalized to 86Sr/88Sr = 0.1194 and
146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219, respectively. Reference standards were analyzed along with samples, and
give 87Sr/86Sr = 0.71024 ± 4 (2σ) for NBS987 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512112 ± 6 (2σ) for Shin Etsu
JNdi‐1.
2.3 Major‐elemental analyses for minerals
Major element analysis and back‐scattered‐electron imaging for minerals were carried out
at SKLaBIG GIGCAS using a JXA‐8100 electron microprobe. An accelerating voltage of 15 kV, a
specimen current of 2.0×10−8 A, and a beam size of 1‐2 μm were employed. The analytical errors
are generally less than 2%. The analytical procedures were described in detail in Huang et al.
(2007).
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3 Analytical data
3.1 Bulk‐rock major, trace elemental and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions for the Konglong lavas
3.2 LA‐ICPMS/SIMS zircon U‐Pb dating and SIMS O isotopes for the Konglong lavas
3.3 Representative EPMA Kfs and Sdl major elemental compositions for the Konglong A‐type trachytes and rhyolites
3.4 Representative analyses of international standards
3.1 Bulk‐rock major, trace elemental and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions for the Konglong lavas
Sample 13KL02‐3 13KL17‐1 13KL21‐1 13KL20‐1 13KL15‐1 13KL15‐2 13KL16‐1 13KL04‐1 13KL04‐2 13KL04‐3 13KL20‐3
Rock type type‐1 trachyte A‐type trachyte A‐type rhyolite
SiO2 60.2 60.4 62.8 67.4 62.9 62.8 63.0 73.5 73.3 73.6 76.5
TiO2 1.14 1.14 1.00 0.74 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.09
Al2O3 14.8 14.5 14.8 14.3 19.0 19.0 19.2 14.4 14.6 14.5 12.5
Fe2O3T 5.84 5.09 4.70 3.53 2.83 2.87 2.68 1.59 1.25 1.47 0.83
MnO 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04
MgO 2.68 2.81 1.80 1.29 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.10
CaO 4.60 5.17 4.29 2.62 1.41 1.41 1.46 0.93 0.98 0.93 0.29
Na2O 2.81 2.73 2.74 2.90 6.77 6.86 6.39 3.95 4.04 3.64 1.40
K2O 7.12 7.30 7.22 6.73 6.70 6.71 6.89 5.32 5.65 5.50 8.29
P2O5 0.74 0.79 0.58 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
LOI 1.65 0.37 2.85 0.30 1.71 1.56 2.35 0.52 0.68 0.39 0.79
(K2O+Na2O)/CaO 2.2 1.9 2.3 3.7 9.6 9.6 9.1 10.0 9.9 9.8 33.4
FeO/(FeO+MgO) 0.66 0.62 0.70 0.71 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.94 0.88
A/CNK 0.71 0.66 0.73 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.93 1.04 1.00 1.07 1.05
A/NK 1.20 1.17 1.20 1.19 1.03 1.02 1.07 1.18 1.14 1.22 1.10
Sc 12.9 12.3 9.92 6.99 2.46 2.55 2.49 2.23 2.52 2.37 3.83
V 100 94.6 83.6 54.2 25.6 26.4 25.5 5.91 4.80 6.29 4.35
Cr 211 235 249 180 144 222 71.6 190 129 207 376
Co 13.5 13.2 10.9 7.31 1.50 2.08 1.13 1.53 1.07 1.66 2.09
Ni 25.7 26.8 24.0 19.0 9.11 16.2 5.79 14.0 10.2 15.1 23.5
Cu 34.4 32.7 34.3 24.4 16.2 22.8 9.21 19.1 14.5 21.0 38.0
Zn 87.1 76.4 80.9 69.7 107 108 96.5 34.5 38.0 40.8 31.5
Ga 22.3 20.9 21.2 20.3 35.5 36.1 36.1 23.1 23.1 23.8 20.2
Ge 3.90 3.74 3.36 2.80 1.84 2.01 1.88 1.42 1.30 1.39 1.40
Cs 58.5 31.2 27.4 65.3 356 367 393 19.0 17.9 22.0 10.0
Rb 678 667 632 705 1173 1192 1209 850 861 897 727
Ba 2078 2411 2358 1649 25.7 26.9 40.4 37.7 37.3 35.1 49.6
Th 151 135 126 139 604 618 591 141 143 147 123
U 26.7 24.6 21.4 18.4 150 169 123 18.6 21.2 23.3 16.6
Nb 31.5 30.3 28.1 24.5 38.2 38.8 37.9 19.9 19.5 20.4 16.5
Ta 2.15 2.07 1.87 1.46 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.66 0.68 0.68 0.60
La 92.4 95.0 86.2 76.0 114 115 110 54.1 49.0 55.1 41.4
Ce 213 226 192 162 175 174 168 73.9 68.2 75.5 58.2
Pb 73.2 63.4 69.0 74.5 375 383 381 93.2 93.0 99.6 45.8
Pr 28.8 30.7 25.4 20.0 15.0 15.1 14.9 5.83 5.54 6.22 4.96
Sr 1429 2054 1409 1424 220 228 231 68.8 68.9 69.5 39.4
Nd 123 131 106 79.0 43.0 43.4 42.9 14.1 13.8 15.3 12.2
Zr 527 515 448 418 1537 1535 1519 228 278 253 202
Hf 14.0 13.9 12.2 11.1 35.5 35.7 35.3 8.18 9.39 8.99 7.32
Sm 23.7 25.1 20.5 14.3 5.79 5.85 5.81 1.49 1.54 1.67 1.35
Eu 4.04 4.45 3.63 2.55 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.18
Gd 12.9 13.8 11.5 8.11 4.18 4.27 4.17 1.28 1.35 1.44 1.11
Tb 1.26 1.35 1.15 0.77 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.10
Dy 5.49 5.75 5.11 3.52 1.97 2.00 1.99 0.52 0.56 0.62 0.48
Y 21.9 22.7 20.7 14.8 12.5 12.7 12.9 3.60 4.11 4.37 3.73
Ho 0.88 0.91 0.82 0.57 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.10
Er 1.98 2.12 1.91 1.36 1.12 1.12 1.14 0.35 0.39 0.43 0.31
Tm 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.05
Yb 1.53 1.60 1.50 1.10 1.28 1.30 1.30 0.48 0.54 0.58 0.42
Lu 0.23 0.25 0.22 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.07
Sr/Y 65 90 68 96 18 18 18 19 17 16 11
La/Yb 17 17 17 22 58 57 55 104 87 89 87
10000*Ga/Al 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
TZr ( ) 732 709 736 785 937 933 944 775 790 793 775 87Sr/86Sr 0.71558 0.71560 0.72120 0.72135 0.72544
87Sr/86Sr(i) 0.71097 0.71108 0.71054 0.71057 0.70949 143Nd/144Nd 0.512091 0.512096 0.512114 0.512125 0.512121
143Nd/144Nd(t) 0.512080 0.512085 0.512105 0.512116 0.512112
εNd(t) ‐10.4 ‐10.3 ‐9.9 ‐9.7 ‐9.7
A/CNK = [Al2O3 / (CaO+Na2O+K2O)] molar; A/NK = [Al2O3 / (Na2O+K2O)] molar;
TZr ( ), zircon saturation temperature based on the whole‐rock‐Zr thermometer (Boehnke et al., 2013).
Boehnke, P., Watson, EB., Trail, D., Harrison, TM., Schmitt, AK., 2013. Zircon saturation re‐revisited. Chem Geol 351(0):324‐334.
3.2 LA‐ICPMS/SIMS zircon U‐Pb dating and SIMS O isotopes for the Konglong lavas
Analysis isotopic ratios isotopic ages (Ma) contents (ppm)
Notes 207Pb/
206Pb
1σ 207Pb/
235U 1σ
206Pb/
238U 1σ
207Pb/
235U 1σ
206Pb/
238U 1σ
Th U Th/U
δ18O 1SE
13KL04‐1 03 0.0516 0.0029 0.0256 0.0014 0.0036 0.0001 26 1 23.2 0.3 1723 3237 0.5 8.15 0.09
A‐type rhyolite
13KL04‐1 05 0.0485 0.0052 0.0242 0.0026 0.0036 0.0001 24 3 23.3 0.3 20202 6125 3.3 8.45 0.08
13KL04‐1 06 0.0465 0.0028 0.0256 0.0018 0.0039 0.0002 26 2 25 1 663 910 0.7 7.96 0.08
13KL04‐1 09 0.0550 0.0066 0.0230 0.0020 0.0033 0.0001 23 2 21.2 0.6 359 236 1.5 7.91 0.08
13KL04‐1 11 0.0461 0.0019 0.0226 0.0009 0.0036 0.0001 22.7 0.9 22.9 0.3 2507 1658 1.5 7.41 0.06
13KL04‐1 12 0.0480 0.0017 0.0227 0.0008 0.0034 0.0000 22.8 0.8 22 0.2 1353 2734 0.5 7.85 0.08
13KL04‐1 13 0.0469 0.0022 0.0232 0.0010 0.0036 0.0000 23 1 23.3 0.3 3559 1581 2.3 8.45 0.07
13KL04‐1 15 0.0469 0.0040 0.0215 0.0018 0.0034 0.0001 22 2 21.7 0.4 1204 564 2.1 8.29 0.09
13KL04‐1 16 0.0430 0.0027 0.0204 0.0013 0.0034 0.0001 20 1 22.1 0.3 2168 928 2.3 8.26 0.06
13KL04‐1 17 0.0491 0.0014 0.0233 0.0007 0.0034 0.0000 23.3 0.7 22.1 0.3 10753 4326 2.5 8.03 0.09
13KL04‐1 18 0.0950 0.0087 0.0461 0.0042 0.0035 0.0001 46 4 22.7 0.3 8573 4941 1.7 8.27 0.07
13KL04‐1 19 0.0532 0.0022 0.0265 0.0011 0.0036 0.0001 27 1 23.4 0.3 4341 1717 2.5 8.33 0.12
13KL04‐1 21 0.0570 0.0021 0.0268 0.0009 0.0034 0.0001 26.9 0.9 22 0.3 6894 2721 2.5 8.1 0.08
13KL04‐1 22 0.0651 0.0217 0.0314 0.0104 0.0035 0.0001 31 10 22.5 0.7 1669 2257 0.7 7.74 0.09
13KL04‐1 24 0.0476 0.0012 0.0232 0.0007 0.0035 0.0000 23.3 0.7 22.5 0.3 13628 3708 3.7
13KL04‐1 26 0.0461 0.0039 0.0219 0.0018 0.0034 0.0001 22 2 22.2 0.3 20154 6053 3.3
13KL04‐1 27 0.0492 0.0070 0.0243 0.0035 0.0036 0.0001 24 3 23.1 0.4 6060 2610 2.3
13KL04‐1 28 0.0461 0.0009 0.0224 0.0003 0.0035 0.0001 22.4 0.3 22.7 0.3 4688 3056 1.5
13KL04‐1 29 0.0618 0.0103 0.0311 0.0052 0.0037 0.0001 31 5 23.5 0.5 803 1711 0.5
13KL20‐3 02 0.0461 0.0012 0.0224 0.0005 0.0035 0.0000 22.5 0.5 22.7 0.2 3317 5782 0.6 8.01 0.09
13KL20‐3 03 0.0475 0.0012 0.0226 0.0006 0.0034 0.0000 22.7 0.6 22.1 0.3 2152 4983 0.4 7.8 0.09
13KL20‐3 06 0.0461 0.0013 0.0234 0.0005 0.0037 0.0001 23.5 0.5 23.7 0.4 10485 3719 2.8 8.69 0.11
13KL20‐3 07 0.0461 0.0033 0.0226 0.0016 0.0036 0.0001 23 2 22.9 0.3 14262 4004 3.6 8.01 0.1
13KL20‐3 08 0.0461 0.0024 0.0220 0.0011 0.0035 0.0001 22 1 22.3 0.3 3284 6138 0.5 8.32 0.1
13KL20‐3 09 0.0505 0.0018 0.0241 0.0008 0.0035 0.0000 24.2 0.8 22.4 0.3 3852 3217 1.2 8.29 0.06
13KL20‐3 10 0.0461 0.0044 0.0237 0.0022 0.0037 0.0001 24 2 24 0.3 1887 4402 0.4 7.83 0.09
13KL20‐3 11 0.0485 0.0028 0.0239 0.0013 0.0036 0.0000 24 1 23 0.3 18844 7736 2.4 7.92 0.09
13KL20‐3 13 0.0476 0.0049 0.0230 0.0024 0.0035 0.0000 23 2 22.5 0.2 3549 5902 0.6 8.01 0.08
13KL20‐3 14 0.0539 0.0021 0.0270 0.0011 0.0036 0.0000 27 1 23.2 0.3 1182 3025 0.4 8.05 0.06
13KL20‐3 15 0.0461 0.0011 0.0235 0.0005 0.0037 0.0000 23.6 0.5 23.8 0.3 3322 5904 0.6 8.14 0.08
13KL20‐3 17 0.0478 0.0055 0.0226 0.0026 0.0034 0.0001 23 3 22.1 0.4 5447 2411 2.3 7.09 0.09
13KL20‐3 18 0.0461 0.0019 0.0220 0.0009 0.0035 0.0000 22.1 0.9 22.3 0.3 2846 4795 0.6 7.99 0.06
13KL20‐3 19 0.0508 0.0016 0.0248 0.0009 0.0035 0.0000 24.9 0.9 22.7 0.3 2474 4371 0.6 7.79 0.09
13KL20‐3 20 0.0476 0.0022 0.0233 0.0010 0.0036 0.0000 23 1 22.8 0.3 6144 10068 0.6
13KL20‐3 22 0.0461 0.0015 0.0227 0.0007 0.0036 0.0000 22.7 0.7 23 0.2 1376 2596 0.5
13KL20‐3 23 0.0613 0.0017 0.0301 0.0009 0.0036 0.0001 30.1 0.9 22.8 0.3 19429 5954 3.3
13KL20‐3 24 0.0526 0.0051 0.0258 0.0025 0.0036 0.0000 26 2 22.8 0.3 13004 7318 1.8
13KL20‐3 25 0.0476 0.0026 0.0241 0.0013 0.0037 0.0001 24 1 23.6 0.3 7497 11883 0.6
13KL20‐3 26 0.0503 0.0017 0.0253 0.0008 0.0037 0.0001 25.3 0.8 23.6 0.3 5651 2156 2.6
13KL20‐3 27 0.0481 0.0030 0.0229 0.0014 0.0035 0.0000 23 1 22.2 0.3 3810 5911 0.6
13KL20‐3 28 0.0557 0.0030 0.0294 0.0016 0.0039 0.0001 29 2 24.8 0.5 2535 1203 2.1
13KL20‐3 29 0.0498 0.0031 0.0230 0.0014 0.0034 0.0000 23 1 21.6 0.3 4875 6243 0.8
13KL20‐3 30 0.0464 0.0026 0.0222 0.0012 0.0035 0.0000 22 1 22.3 0.3 3799 5321 0.7
13KL16‐1 01 0.0510 0.0014 0.0269 0.0007 0.0038 0.0001 26.9 0.7 24.7 0.4 12316 6098 2.0 7.76 0.07 δ
18O 1SE
A‐type trachyte
(sometimes two
analyses were
conducted on one zircon grains)
13KL16‐1 04 0.0483 0.0014 0.0237 0.0007 0.0036 0.0001 23.8 0.7 22.9 0.3 8786 4804 1.8 8.34 0.06 8.37 0.06
13KL16‐1 05 0.0465 0.0010 0.0238 0.0006 0.0037 0.0001 23.9 0.5 23.9 0.3 16015 7550 2.1 8.03 0.10 8.12 0.09
13KL16‐1 06 0.0470 0.0017 0.0244 0.0009 0.0038 0.0000 24.4 0.9 24.1 0.2 16713 7158 2.3 8.45 0.10 8.38 0.10
13KL16‐1 07 0.0517 0.0013 0.0265 0.0006 0.0037 0.0001 26.5 0.6 24 0.3 16300 7655 2.1 7.63 0.06 7.76 0.07
13KL16‐1 08 0.0453 0.0010 0.0230 0.0006 0.0037 0.0001 23.1 0.6 23.6 0.3 17050 7747 2.2 7.96 0.08 7.91 0.08
13KL16‐1 09 0.0560 0.0025 0.0300 0.0015 0.0038 0.0001 30 1 24.6 0.3 14430 6379 2.3 7.94 0.08 7.84 0.06
13KL16‐1 13 0.0478 0.0014 0.0242 0.0007 0.0037 0.0000 24.3 0.7 23.7 0.3 10216 5158 2.0 8.05 0.08
13KL16‐1 15 0.0493 0.0012 0.0247 0.0006 0.0036 0.0000 24.7 0.6 23.3 0.3 16234 6953 2.3 7.59 0.06
13KL16‐1 17 0.0461 0.0039 0.0235 0.0019 0.0037 0.0001 24 2 23.8 0.3 8642 4330 2.0 7.71 0.09 7.75 0.06
13KL16‐1 18 0.0516 0.0012 0.0260 0.0006 0.0037 0.0000 26 0.6 23.6 0.3 17255 7933 2.2 7.69 0.08
13KL16‐1 19 0.0483 0.0020 0.0248 0.0011 0.0037 0.0001 25 1 24 0.3 3898 2313 1.7 7.89 0.09 7.86 0.11
13KL16‐1 20 0.0479 0.0012 0.0241 0.0006 0.0037 0.0001 24.2 0.6 23.6 0.3 13273 6617 2.0 7.94 0.07 7.96 0.07
13KL16‐1 21 0.0455 0.0011 0.0225 0.0006 0.0036 0.0000 22.6 0.5 23.2 0.2 16055 6996 2.3 8.39 0.06 8.44 0.08
13KL16‐1 22 0.0473 0.0034 0.0237 0.0017 0.0036 0.0001 24 2 23.3 0.3 15447 6806 2.3 8.29 0.11 8.30 0.08
13KL16‐1 23 0.0481 0.0010 0.0244 0.0006 0.0037 0.0000 24.5 0.6 23.6 0.3 18612 7995 2.3 8.00 0.08 8.01 0.10
13KL16‐1 24 0.0493 0.0012 0.0254 0.0007 0.0037 0.0001 25.5 0.7 24 0.4 13597 6104 2.2 8.13 0.08 8.15 0.09
13KL16‐1 27 0.0450 0.0011 0.0228 0.0006 0.0037 0.0001 22.9 0.6 23.6 0.3 12970 5898 2.2 8.59 0.07
13KL16‐1 28 0.0461 0.0018 0.0228 0.0008 0.0036 0.0000 22.8 0.8 23.1 0.3 9859 5454 1.8 7.91 0.07 7.89 0.09
13KL17‐1 01 0.0489 0.0026 0.0219 0.0011 0.0032 0.0001 22 1 20.9 0.5 4293 1682 2.6 8.38 0.08
type‐1 trachyte
13KL17‐1 02 0.0475 0.0041 0.0212 0.0018 0.0032 0.0001 21 2 20.8 0.6 1440 892 1.6 8.51 0.09
13KL17‐1 03 0.0433 0.0065 0.0190 0.0028 0.0032 0.0001 19 3 20.5 0.8 671 521 1.3 8.66 0.09
13KL17‐1 06 0.0521 0.0026 0.0229 0.0011 0.0032 0.0001 23 1 20.5 0.4 1588 1967 0.8 8.7 0.11
13KL17‐1 07 0.0458 0.0030 0.0211 0.0013 0.0033 0.0001 21 1 21.5 0.5 3727 1384 2.7 8.73 0.09
13KL17‐1 08 0.0488 0.0069 0.0225 0.0031 0.0034 0.0001 23 3 21.6 0.8 635 463 1.4 8.91 0.06
13KL17‐1 09 0.0480 0.0031 0.0218 0.0013 0.0033 0.0001 22 1 21.2 0.5 3016 1259 2.4 8.45 0.1
13KL17‐1 10 0.0341 0.0149 0.0147 0.0064 0.0031 0.0002 15 6 20 1 203 185 1.1 8.31 0.06
13KL17‐1 11 0.0555 0.0062 0.0250 0.0026 0.0033 0.0001 25 3 21 0.8 1072 466 2.3 8.26 0.07
13KL17‐1 12 0.0470 0.0026 0.0214 0.0011 0.0033 0.0001 22 1 21.3 0.5 2060 1596 1.3 8.4 0.06
13KL17‐1 13 0.0342 0.0107 0.0157 0.0049 0.0033 0.0002 16 5 21 1 293 229 1.3 8.37 0.08
13KL17‐1 15 0.0495 0.0043 0.0222 0.0019 0.0033 0.0001 22 2 21 0.6 1316 743 1.8 8.12 0.12
13KL17‐1 17 0.0461 0.0040 0.0217 0.0018 0.0034 0.0001 22 2 22 0.6 1056 682 1.5 8.54 0.07
13KL17‐1 18 0.0458 0.0042 0.0201 0.0018 0.0032 0.0001 20 2 20.5 0.6 2416 942 2.6 8.16 0.06
13KL17‐1 19 0.0498 0.0092 0.0232 0.0042 0.0034 0.0002 23 4 22 1 377 257 1.5
13KL17‐1 20 0.0461 0.0106 0.0220 0.0022 0.0031 0.0001 20 4 20 1 328 223 1.5
13KL21‐1 01 0.0487 0.0039 0.0219 0.0016 0.0033 0.0001 22 2 21 0.6 1993 826 2.4 8.29 0.08
13KL21‐1 02 0.0518 0.0138 0.0237 0.0061 0.0033 0.0002 24 6 21 1 226 168 1.3 8.77 0.07
13KL21‐1 03 0.0506 0.0025 0.0233 0.0011 0.0033 0.0001 23 1 21.4 0.5 4031 1686 2.4 8.78 0.09
13KL21‐1 04 0.0471 0.0088 0.0202 0.0036 0.0031 0.0002 20 4 20 1 494 354 1.4 8.83 0.08
13KL21‐1 05 0.0462 0.0038 0.0214 0.0017 0.0034 0.0001 21 2 21.6 0.6 2356 1017 2.3 8.35 0.07
13KL21‐1 06 0.0430 0.0064 0.0210 0.0030 0.0035 0.0001 21 3 22.8 0.9 845 511 1.7 8.58 0.07
13KL21‐1 07 0.0477 0.0044 0.0217 0.0019 0.0033 0.0001 22 2 21.2 0.6 1584 754 2.1 8.42 0.06
13KL21‐1 08 0.0458 0.0033 0.0207 0.0014 0.0033 0.0001 21 1 21.1 0.6 2962 1188 2.5 8.69 0.06
13KL21‐1 09 0.0523 0.0090 0.0238 0.0040 0.0033 0.0002 24 4 21.2 1 354 308 1.2 8.84 0.06
13KL21‐1 10 0.0540 0.0054 0.0253 0.0024 0.0034 0.0001 25 2 21.9 0.8 1040 522 2.0 8.15 0.07
13KL21‐1 13 0.0642 0.0124 0.0286 0.0053 0.0032 0.0002 29 5 21 1 275 202 1.4 8.32 0.06
13KL21‐1 14 0.0556 0.0119 0.0248 0.0051 0.0032 0.0002 25 5 21 1 291 225 1.3 8.62 0.08
13KL21‐1 15 0.0453 0.0067 0.0221 0.0032 0.0035 0.0001 22 3 22.7 0.9 565 447 1.3 8.67 0.08
13KL21‐1 16 0.0481 0.0070 0.0217 0.0031 0.0033 0.0001 22 3 21 0.8 949 474 2.0 8.6 0.06
13KL21‐1 17 0.0556 0.0092 0.0254 0.0041 0.0033 0.0001 25 4 21.3 0.9 535 369 1.4 8.85 0.07
13KL21‐1 18 0.0543 0.0094 0.0244 0.0041 0.0033 0.0002 24 4 21 1 333 283 1.2
13KL21‐1 19 0.0412 0.0109 0.0194 0.0050 0.0034 0.0002 19 5 22 1 414 251 1.7
13KL21‐1 20 0.0524 0.0062 0.0241 0.0027 0.0033 0.0001 24 3 21.4 0.8 811 450 1.8
13KL02‐3 01 0.0203 7 0.0032 2 20 1 20.9 0.4 941 516 1.8 8.91 0.08
13KL02‐3 03 0.0214 5 0.0033 2 22 1 21.1 0.4 865 619 1.4 8.51 0.08
13KL02‐3 04 0.0233 5 0.0032 2 23 1 20.8 0.4 447 392 1.1 8.35 0.07
13KL02‐3 05 0.0193 5 0.0032 2 19 1 20.7 0.3 2018 986 2.0 8.71 0.09
13KL02‐3 06 0.0237 8 0.0033 2 24 2 21.1 0.3 1039 831 1.3 8.83 0.08
13KL02‐3 07 0.0231 6 0.0033 2 23 1 21.2 0.4 513 584 0.9 8.49 0.10
13KL02‐3 08 0.0185 22 0.0033 2 19 4 21.1 0.4 639 310 2.1 8.62 0.10
13KL02‐3 09 0.0214 4 0.0033 2 21 1 21.2 0.5 1559 959 1.6 8.67 0.08
13KL02‐3 10 0.0211 6 0.0033 2 21 1 21.3 0.5 619 537 1.2 8.12 0.07
13KL02‐3 11 0.0245 5 0.0033 2 25 1 21.1 0.4 565 435 1.3 8.46 0.08
13KL02‐3 12 0.0209 6 0.0034 2 21 1 21.6 0.4 729 621 1.2 8.89 0.08
13KL02‐3 13 0.0196 9 0.0032 2 20 2 20.5 0.4 659 561 1.2 9.07 0.06
13KL02‐3 14 0.0203 5 0.0033 2 20 1 21.2 0.3 1028 740 1.4
13KL02‐3 15 0.0217 6 0.0033 2 22 1 21.3 0.5 475 349 1.4
13KL02‐3 16 0.0205 4 0.0033 2 21 1 21.1 0.4 631 529 1.2
13KL02‐3 18 0.0208 3 0.0033 2 21 1 21.2 0.3 3654 1573 2.3
13KL02‐3 19 0.0227 9 0.0034 2 23 2 21.7 0.3 1032 767 1.3
13KL02‐3 20 0.0207 5 0.0033 2 21 1 21.0 0.4 624 448 1.4
13KL02‐3 21 0.0282 35 0.0034 2 28 10 21.6 0.5 1069 815 1.3
13KL02‐3 22 0.0239 24 0.0034 2 24 6 21.7 0.4 1695 1072 1.6
13KL02‐3 23 0.0208 4 0.0033 2 21 1 21.2 0.3 526 435 1.2
3.3 Representative EPMA Kfs and Sdl major elemental compositions for the Konglong A‐type trachytes and rhyolites
Analyses mineral SiO2 Al2O3 CaO Na2O K2O MgO FeO TiO2 NiO F MnO P2O5 Cr2O3 Cl total An Ab Or
13KL04‐1 05 K‐feldspar 65.6 18.8 0.5 3.7 11.0 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.01 99.8 2 33 64
13KL04‐1 06 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.4 0.3 3.6 11.4 0.02 0.18 0.01 100.0 1 32 67
13KL04‐1 08 K‐feldspar 65.9 18.5 0.2 3.6 11.4 0.01 0.18 0.02 99.8 1 32 67
13KL04‐1 10 K‐feldspar 66.6 18.8 0.3 3.6 11.5 0.18 100.9 1 32 67
13KL04‐1 11 K‐feldspar 66.6 18.8 0.2 3.5 11.7 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.02 101.1 1 31 68
13KL04‐1 12 K‐feldspar 65.9 18.6 0.3 3.4 11.6 0.16 0.04 100.0 1 31 68
13KL04‐1 13 K‐feldspar 64.4 18.7 0.3 3.3 11.5 0.04 0.20 0.01 0.02 98.5 1 30 69
13KL04‐1 14 K‐feldspar 66.2 18.6 0.3 3.5 11.7 0.16 0.01 100.4 1 31 68
13KL04‐1 18 K‐feldspar 64.9 19.1 0.4 4.0 10.3 0.16 0.02 0.01 99.0 2 36 62
13KL04‐1 20 K‐feldspar 65.4 18.8 0.4 3.1 11.9 0.14 0.01 99.8 2 28 70
13KL04‐1 26 K‐feldspar 65.9 19.0 0.3 3.3 11.9 0.20 0.01 0.01 100.6 2 29 69
13KL04‐2 01 K‐feldspar 66.7 18.5 0.2 3.5 11.6 0.17 0.02 100.7 1 31 68
13KL04‐2 02 K‐feldspar 66.2 18.4 0.2 3.5 11.4 0.16 100.0 1 32 67
13KL04‐2 03 K‐feldspar 66.1 18.4 0.2 3.5 11.5 0.18 99.9 1 31 68
13KL04‐2 04 K‐feldspar 66.4 18.6 0.2 3.5 11.6 0.18 100.4 1 31 68
13KL04‐2 05 K‐feldspar 66.4 18.4 0.2 3.5 11.5 0.17 100.3 1 31 67
13KL04‐2 06 K‐feldspar 65.9 18.9 0.4 3.6 11.3 0.16 0.03 100.2 2 32 66
13KL04‐2 07 K‐feldspar 66.4 18.5 0.2 3.7 11.4 0.18 100.4 1 33 66
13KL04‐2 08 K‐feldspar 66.4 18.6 0.2 3.5 11.7 0.18 0.01 100.6 1 31 68
13KL04‐2 11 K‐feldspar 66.3 18.4 0.2 3.9 11.2 0.16 0.02 100.2 1 35 64
13KL04‐2 12 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.5 0.2 3.6 11.5 0.18 100.1 1 32 67
13KL04‐2 15 K‐feldspar 65.8 18.7 0.3 3.7 11.6 0.17 0.01 100.2 1 32 66
13KL04‐2 16 K‐feldspar 66.2 18.9 0.2 3.7 11.7 0.16 0.01 100.9 1 32 67
13KL04‐2 17 K‐feldspar 66.1 19.0 0.2 3.6 11.4 0.16 0.01 100.5 1 32 67
13KL04‐2 18 K‐feldspar 66.1 19.0 0.2 3.5 11.6 0.02 0.16 0.01 100.5 1 31 68
13KL04‐2 21 K‐feldspar 66.1 18.9 0.2 3.6 11.6 0.02 0.17 0.01 100.6 1 32 67
13KL04‐2 22 K‐feldspar 66.5 18.9 0.2 3.7 11.5 0.02 0.14 100.9 1 32 66
13KL04‐3 01 K‐feldspar 66.5 18.5 0.2 3.8 11.0 0.19 0.01 100.2 1 34 65
13KL04‐3 04 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.6 0.3 3.4 11.5 0.13 99.9 1 31 68
13KL04‐3 06 K‐feldspar 66.8 18.9 0.2 4.1 10.7 0.01 0.17 0.01 101.0 1 37 62
13KL04‐3 08 K‐feldspar 66.5 18.8 0.2 3.4 11.7 0.18 100.7 1 30 69
13KL04‐3 09 K‐feldspar 66.4 18.9 0.2 3.4 11.7 0.01 0.15 100.7 1 30 69
13KL04‐3 10 K‐feldspar 66.0 19.0 0.2 3.5 11.7 0.01 0.16 100.5 1 31 68
13KL04‐3 13 K‐feldspar 66.3 18.9 0.2 3.6 11.3 0.17 0.02 100.6 1 32 66
13KL04‐3 15 K‐feldspar 66.4 19.0 0.3 3.5 11.4 0.13 100.7 1 31 67
13KL04‐3 16 K‐feldspar 66.1 18.9 0.3 3.6 11.6 0.17 0.01 100.6 1 32 67
13KL20‐3 01 K‐feldspar 66.3 18.6 0.2 2.8 12.4 0.14 0.01 100.4 1 25 74
13KL20‐3 02 K‐feldspar 66.3 19.0 0.3 3.6 11.4 0.16 0.01 100.9 2 32 66
13KL20‐3 04 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.7 0.2 3.4 11.8 0.01 0.17 0.01 100.3 1 30 69
13KL20‐3 05 K‐feldspar 66.1 18.7 0.2 3.6 11.2 0.02 0.14 0.02 99.9 1 32 67
13KL20‐3 09 K‐feldspar 65.7 18.7 0.2 3.4 11.5 0.01 0.16 99.8 1 31 68
13KL20‐3 12 K‐feldspar 66.0 19.0 0.2 3.6 11.6 0.15 100.5 1 31 67
13KL20‐3 13 K‐feldspar 65.8 18.8 0.2 3.5 11.7 0.18 0.01 100.2 1 31 68
13KL20‐3 15 K‐feldspar 66.2 18.9 0.2 3.6 11.6 0.17 100.8 1 32 67
13KL15‐1 01 K‐feldspar 64.3 18.5 0.2 4.3 11.3 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.01 99.1 1 36 63
13KL15‐1 06 K‐feldspar 65.0 18.6 0.3 4.3 12.1 0.22 0.02 0.04 100.7 1 35 64
13KL15‐1 13 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.6 0.1 6.5 9.1 0.32 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 100.7 0 52 48
13KL15‐1 14 K‐feldspar 66.0 19.0 0.4 6.7 8.4 0.37 0.04 0.04 101.0 2 54 44
13KL15‐1 17 K‐feldspar 65.5 19.0 0.3 6.2 9.2 0.27 0.01 0.01 0.02 100.6 1 50 48
13KL15‐2 07 K‐feldspar 66.2 18.9 0.1 5.6 9.0 0.38 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.01 100.2 0 48 51
13KL15‐2 09 K‐feldspar 66.4 19.6 0.1 5.8 8.3 0.32 0.08 0.04 0.02 100.7 1 51 48
13KL15‐2 12 K‐feldspar 64.7 19.1 0.0 1.7 14.2 0.18 0.04 0.07 0.01 100.2 0 16 84
13KL16‐1 03 K‐feldspar 65.1 18.6 0.0 0.5 16.0 0.13 0.02 100.4 0 5 95
13KL16‐1 05 K‐feldspar 66.0 18.6 0.2 6.2 9.1 0.44 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.03 100.7 1 51 49
13KL16‐1 06 K‐feldspar 65.6 19.0 0.3 6.3 8.9 0.23 0.04 0.02 0.04 100.5 1 51 48
13KL16‐1 07 K‐feldspar 65.6 19.0 0.2 5.4 9.4 0.26 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.03 100.1 1 46 53
13KL16‐1 13 K‐feldspar 65.8 19.7 0.5 7.2 6.6 0.44 0.07 100.4 2 61 37
13KL16‐1 14 K‐feldspar 66.1 19.3 0.3 5.7 8.4 0.02 0.32 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.01 100.5 2 50 49
13KL16‐1 18 K‐feldspar 65.7 18.8 0.3 4.7 10.5 0.26 0.06 0.02 0.03 100.3 1 40 59
13KL16‐1 21 K‐feldspar 66.1 18.9 0.4 6.8 7.6 0.42 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 100.3 2 57 41
13KL15‐2 06 sodalitie 39.7 35.6 0.02 15.8 0.04 0.94 0.04 8.04 100.2
13KL15‐2 08 sodalitie 39.1 34.9 18.0 0.69 0.04 0.01 8.08 100.8
13KL15‐2 11 sodalitie 42.2 35.5 0.04 14.3 0.09 0.68 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 7.81 100.7
13KL15‐1 19 sodalitie 40.5 32.2 0.02 19.1 0.65 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 7.50 100.1
13KL15‐1 20 sodalitie 39.2 32.6 0.03 20.1 0.08 0.65 0.01 0.04 0.01 7.72 100.5
13KL15‐1 21 sodalitie 38.3 30.1 0.03 23.2 0.08 0.58 0.09 7.95 100.2
3.4 Representative analyses of international standards
(Major, trace elemental and Sr‐Nd and zircon O isotopic compositions)
sample SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3T MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5
GSR‐1 this study 72.47 0.32 13.64 2.23 0.07 0.42 1.53 3.12 5.06 0.09
reference 72.83 0.29 13.4 2.14 0.06 0.42 1.55 3.13 5.01 0.09
GSR‐2 this study 60.78 0.54 16.22 4.86 0.08 1.71 5.16 3.9 1.89 0.23
reference 60.62 0.52 16.17 4.9 0.08 1.72 5.2 3.86 1.89 0.24
GSR‐3 this study 45.28 2.34 13.45 13.11 0.17 7.7 8.81 3.29 2.38 0.92
reference 44.64 2.36 13.83 13.4 0.17 7.77 8.81 3.38 2.32 0.95
sample Sc V Cr Co Ni Ga Cs Rb Ba Th U Pb Nb Ta Sr Y
BHVO‐2 this study 33.2 322 280 44.6 116 21 0.1 10.2 136 1.24 0.429 1.2 16.9 1.38 401 26
reference 32 317 280 45 119 22 0.1 9.1 131 1.22 0.403 1.6 18.1 1.14 396 26
W‐2 this study 38 272 90.5 44.2 42 18 0.89 21 171 2.24 0.52 7.1 7.6 0.48 200 22.9 reference 35.9 268 93 45 72 18 0.92 21 172 2.17 0.51 7.7 7.5 0.47 196 22
AGV‐2 this study 11.9 111 19.9 14.7 17 20 1.2 69.3 1108 6.1 1.89 12.7 14.4 0.85 638 20
reference 13 122 16 16 20 20 1.2 66.3 1130 6.1 1.86 13.2 14.5 0.87 661 19
sample Zr Hf La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
BHVO‐2 this study 173 4.17 15.7 37.9 5.47 25.6 6.26 2.09 6.38 0.99 5.41 1.05 2.41 0.33 2 0.28
reference 172 4.36 15.2 37.5 5.35 24.5 6.07 2.07 6.24 0.92 5.31 0.98 2.54 0.33 2 0.27
W‐2 this study 94 2.48 10.7 23.6 3 13.6 3.4 1.09 3.78 0.66 3.95 0.84 2.22 0.32 2.1 0.31
reference 92 2.45 10.8 23.4 3 13 3.3 1.08 3.66 0.62 3.79 0.79 2.22 0.33 2.1 0.31
AGV‐2 this study 226 5 38.0 68.5 8.35 31.3 5.65 1.50 4.44 0.68 3.49 0.68 1.81 0.26 1.6 0.25
reference 230 5 37.9 7.84 30.5 5.49 1.53 4.52 0.64 3.47 0.65 1.81 0.26 1.6 0.25
Sample 143Nd/
144Nd 1SE Sample
87Sr/
86Sr 1SE
Jndi‐1‐1 0.512108 0.000011 NBS987‐1 0.71024 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐2 0.512114 0.000007 NBS987‐2 0.71027 0.00001
Jndi‐1‐3 0.512112 0.000006 NBS987‐3 0.71024 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐4 0.512116 0.000012 NBS987‐4 0.71026 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐5 0.512114 0.000010 NBS987‐5 0.71020 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐6 0.512114 0.000008 NBS987‐6 0.71024 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐7 0.512115 0.000011 NBS987‐7 0.71025 0.00001
Jndi‐1‐8 0.512111 0.000005 NBS987‐8 0.71024 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐9 0.512115 0.000015 NBS987‐9 0.71027 0.00001
Jndi‐1‐10 0.512108 0.000007 NBS987‐10 0.71021 0.00002
Jndi‐1‐11 0.512107 0.000015 NBS987‐11 0.71022 0.00002
Mean 0.512112±3 Mean 0.71024±2
reference 0.512115 reference 0.71025 sample δ18O(‰) 1SE
Qinghu‐01 5.71 0.09
Qinghu‐02 5.61 0.06
Qinghu‐03 5.55 0.08
Qinghu‐04 5.51 0.06
Qinghu‐05 5.62 0.08
Qinghu‐06 5.78 0.06
Qinghu‐07 5.63 0.08
Qinghu‐08 5.3 0.06
Qinghu‐09 5.28 0.06
Qinghu‐10 5.35 0.07
Qinghu‐11 5.41 0.08
Qinghu‐12 5.45 0.09
Qinghu‐13 5.58 0.07
Qinghu‐14 5.18 0.08
Qinghu‐15 5.44 0.07
Qinghu‐16 5.59 0.11
Mean 5.50±0.17
reference 5.4 ± 0.2 Penglai‐01 5.32 0.09
Penglai‐02 5.16 0.07
Penglai‐03 5.17 0.07
Penglai‐04 5.23 0.06
Penglai‐05 5.09 0.08
Penglai‐06 5.49 0.09
Penglai‐07 5.04 0.06
Penglai‐08 5.37 0.06
Penglai‐09 5.2 0.06
Penglai‐10 5.59 0.09
Penglai‐11 5.56 0.09
Penglai‐12 5.39 0.07
Penglai‐13 5.53 0.1
Penglai‐14 5.35 0.06
Penglai‐15 5.52 0.07
Penglai‐16 5.44 0.08
Penglai‐17 5.18 0.08
Penglai‐18 5.11 0.11
Penglai‐19 5.14 0.07
Penglai‐20 5.25 0.1
Penglai‐21 5.2 0.09
Penglai‐22 5.41 0.11
Penglai‐23 5.49 0.08
Penglai‐24 5.48 0.09
Mean 5.32±0.17
reference 5.31 ± 0.1 The references for the major and trace elemental compositions are from http://georem.mpch‐mainz.gwdg.de/. The references for the Nd and Sr isotopic compostions are from Tanaka et al. (2000) and McArthur (1994), respectively. The references for the O isotopes of the Penglai and Qinghu are from Li et al. (2010) and Li et al. (2013), respectively. Li, X., Long, W., Li, Q., Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Yang, Y., Chamberlain, K., Wan, D., Guo, C., Wang, X., Tao, H., 2010. Penglai zircon megacryst: a potential new working
reference for microbeam analysis of Hf‐O isotopes and U‐Pb age. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 34: 117‐134.
Li, X., Tang, G., Gong, B., Yang, Y., Hou, K., Hu, Z., Li, Q., Liu, Y., Li, W., 2013. Qinghu zircon: a working reference for microbeam analysis of U‐Pb age and Hf and
O isotopes. Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, 4647‐4654.
McArthur, J., 1994. Recent trends in strontium isotope stratigraphy, Terra Nova, 6, 331‐358.
Tanaka, T., Togashi, S., Kamioka, H., Amakawa, H., Kagami, H., Hamamoto, T., Yuhara, M., Orihashi, Y., Yoneda, S., Shimizu, H., Kunimaru, T., Takahashi, K.,
Yanagi, T., Nakano, T., Fujimaki, H., Shinjo, R., Asahara, Y., Tanimizu, M., Dragusanu, C., 2000. JNdi‐1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with
LaJolla neodymium. Chemical Geology 168, 279‐281.