Happy Monday!! Happy Monday!! 1/30/121/30/12• How are YOU? How are YOU?

(today’s journal is just about (today’s journal is just about you…take a couple of minutes you…take a couple of minutes to write about yourself…try to to write about yourself…try to focus on the positive!) focus on the positive!)

• Please get out your homework Please get out your homework

Chapter 18Chapter 18

1: Introduction to Ecology1: Introduction to Ecology

What is ECOLOGY?What is ECOLOGY?

• Study of INTERACTIONSStudy of INTERACTIONS• Organisms & environmentOrganisms & environment

• Living/non-living partsLiving/non-living parts

INTERDEPENDENCE is…INTERDEPENDENCE is…

• InterconnectednessInterconnectedness• Depend on envt & what’s in itDepend on envt & what’s in it

• What are we dependent on?What are we dependent on?

SE U.S. ForestsSE U.S. Forests• AcornAcorn production related to spread production related to spread

of of Lyme diseaseLyme disease?!??!?

• P. 360P. 360

Important to Study Ecosystems…Important to Study Ecosystems…What are Ecological Models?What are Ecological Models?

• Mathematical or conceptual way to Mathematical or conceptual way to describe an ecological systemdescribe an ecological system

• Help ecologists understand Help ecologists understand interactionsinteractions

• Make predictions about changesMake predictions about changes

• Environmental PlanningEnvironmental Planning

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• HierarchyHierarchy• Ecologists Ecologists

usually focus usually focus on 1 on 1

• But are But are mindful of mindful of interactionsinteractions b/w levelsb/w levels

BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE

• Earth, its Earth, its atmosphere atmosphere that that supports supports lifelife

• Deepest parts Deepest parts of oceans tooof oceans too

• ““skin of an skin of an apple”apple”

ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM

• All organisms All organisms & non-living& non-living environment in environment in certain areacertain area• Estuary Estuary

ecosystemecosystem• Forest Forest

ecosystemecosystem• Marine Marine

ecosystemecosystem

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60012.htm

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

• Only the Only the livingliving parts parts

• Organisms Organisms interactinginteracting

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60326.htm

POPULATIONPOPULATION

• All of All of ONE ONE speciesspecies living in a living in a certain placecertain place

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60264.htm

ORGANISM OR INDIVIDUALORGANISM OR INDIVIDUAL

• ONE ONE INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL of the of the speciesspecies

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60003.htm

SPECIES PROJECTSPECIES PROJECT

• Any questions?Any questions?

• IDEAS page due THURSDAY!IDEAS page due THURSDAY!

Tour of the Tour of the GardenGarden

•Make a Make a LIST!! LIST!!

•Abiotic & Abiotic & Biotic Biotic FactorsFactors

Garden Garden ListList•Abiotic vs Abiotic vs biotic?biotic?

Tuesday 1/31/2012Tuesday 1/31/2012

• List FIVE abiotic factors in List FIVE abiotic factors in your environment.your environment.

• List FIVE biotic factors in List FIVE biotic factors in your environment.your environment.

• Please have your Please have your homework outhomework out

Friday’s homework : #1-9Friday’s homework : #1-9

Questions about the project?Questions about the project?

• Websites Websites

Chapter 18Chapter 18

2: Ecology of Organisms2: Ecology of Organisms

What’s an organism’s What’s an organism’s habitathabitat??

• Where it livesWhere it lives

• Adaptations, interactionsAdaptations, interactions

• Resources it needsResources it needs

Biotic vs. AbioticBiotic vs. Abiotic Means:Means:

Examples:Examples:

Abiotic Factors VARY...Abiotic Factors VARY...

• Able to survive w/in certain RANGE Able to survive w/in certain RANGE of conditionsof conditions

• TOLERANCE CURVETOLERANCE CURVE

What’s ACCLIMATION?What’s ACCLIMATION?

• Organism adjusting tolerance to an Organism adjusting tolerance to an abiotic factorabiotic factor• w/in the lifetime w/in the lifetime

• NOT ADAPTATION!NOT ADAPTATION!• Genetic change, over generationsGenetic change, over generations

• NOT EVERYBODY CAN DO IT!NOT EVERYBODY CAN DO IT!• Who can??Who can??

Acclimation Acclimation ╪╪ Adaptation!! Adaptation!!

Internal Conditions:Internal Conditions:Conformers vs. RegulatorsConformers vs. Regulators

Who?Who?

Ex?Ex?

Different way of dealing with Different way of dealing with it...ESCAPE!!it...ESCAPE!!

• DormancyDormancy

• MigrationMigration

What was a habitat?What was a habitat?

• What’s a NICHE??What’s a NICHE??

• Role/way of life for the species in its Role/way of life for the species in its environmentenvironment• Range of tolerable conditions Range of tolerable conditions • Resources it usesResources it uses• # offspring# offspring• Time of reproductionTime of reproduction• Other interactions w/envtOther interactions w/envt

Generalist vs. SpecialistGeneralist vs. Specialist• Niche size?Niche size?

• WHY?WHY?

• Ex?Ex?

EarthwormsEarthworms

HW Check your answers!HW Check your answers!p.365 #1,2,4,5,6,7 p.365 #1,2,4,5,6,7

Niche Practice SheetNiche Practice Sheet

Happy Wednesday! Happy Wednesday!

• Questions about the project?Questions about the project?

• Don’t forget—test corrections! Due next Don’t forget—test corrections! Due next Wednesday!Wednesday!

Chapter 18Chapter 18

3: Energy Transfer3: Energy Transfer

Who needs ENERGY???Who needs ENERGY???

Producers vs. ConsumersProducers vs. Consumers• Other Other

name?name?

• Food?Food?

• Ex?Ex?

Chemosynthesis vs. PhotosynthesisChemosynthesis vs. Photosynthesis

• Producer?Producer?

• Energy Energy source?source?

• Ex?Ex?

How do ecologists MEASURE How do ecologists MEASURE what the producers do??what the producers do??• GPPGPP

• Producers capture sunlight, produce Producers capture sunlight, produce organic cmpdsorganic cmpds

• NPPNPP

• = GPP – respiration rate of producers= GPP – respiration rate of producers• Rate of biomass accumulationRate of biomass accumulation

NPP NPP Not the SameNot the Same for All for All Ecosystems!!Ecosystems!!

• Light, temp, rainfall…Light, temp, rainfall…

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS

• HerbivoresHerbivores

• CarnivoresCarnivores

• OmnivoresOmnivores

• DetritivoresDetritivores• Recently dead, wasteRecently dead, waste• Scavengers, decomposersScavengers, decomposers

Trophic LevelsTrophic Levels

• ProducerProducer

• Primary consumerPrimary consumer

• Secondary consumerSecondary consumer

• Tertiary consumerTertiary consumer

ENERGY FLOWENERGY FLOW

• Up the food chain/web…Up the food chain/web…why?why?

Food Chain vs. Food WebFood Chain vs. Food Web

Food Web ActivityFood Web Activity

• THEN HW CheckTHEN HW Check

Happy Thursday! 2/2/12

• Listen to the lyrics…then let it inspire you! Write a paragraph reflection!!

• Just a few lines that “speak” to me…– One to the air and the freshness we breathe

in…– One to the soldier who fights overseas…– One to the Lorax who speaks for the trees– Life is too short…

• “East to the West” – Michael Franti

Chapter 18Chapter 18

3: Energy Transfer3: Energy Transfer

Part Two!Part Two!

Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid: amt of energy : amt of energy stored as organic material @ each stored as organic material @ each trophic leveltrophic level

• Pattern/trend??Pattern/trend??• Does all energy get transferred?Does all energy get transferred?• Trophic level # vs. level of consumer???Trophic level # vs. level of consumer???

Energy TransferEnergy Transfer

• 10% consumed @ one level 10% consumed @ one level • available to be transferred to the nextavailable to be transferred to the next• ““pyramid” shapepyramid” shape

Not all the energy @ one level Not all the energy @ one level gets passed on!gets passed on!

• Not all are eatenNot all are eaten

• Not all the organisms that are eaten Not all the organisms that are eaten are are digesteddigested by the next level by the next level

• Some energy’s used by that level Some energy’s used by that level itself for body processes, itself for body processes, cell cell respirationrespiration

• Always lose some energy as Always lose some energy as heatheat

So, if the 4th level’s really low..So, if the 4th level’s really low..

• How about a 5How about a 5thth??

Why so few top predators?Why so few top predators?

• Higher TL Higher TL support support fewer fewer individuals individuals b/c contain b/c contain LESS LESS ENERGY!!ENERGY!!

#1,3,4,5,6,9#1,3,4,5,6,9

Chapter 18Chapter 18

4: Ecosystem Recycling4: Ecosystem Recycling

Pyramid ActivityPyramid Activity

• TOMORROW…TOMORROW…

WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE• Why do we need it?Why do we need it?

• 3 processes:3 processes:• EvaporationEvaporation• TranspirationTranspiration• Precipitation Precipitation

• RunoffRunoff• Percolation Percolation • GroundwaterGroundwater

CARBON CYCLECARBON CYCLE• Why do we need it??Why do we need it??• Major ProcessesMajor Processes

• PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

• Cell respirationCell respiration

• Death, decompositionDeath, decomposition• Fossil fuelsFossil fuels

• Human ImpactsHuman Impacts• CombustionCombustion• What’s the big deal?!?What’s the big deal?!?

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60374.htm

Bill Nye: Water Resources Bill Nye: Water Resources

Chapter 18Chapter 18

4: Ecosystem Recycling4: Ecosystem Recycling

Part 2!Part 2!

NITROGEN CYCLENITROGEN CYCLE

• Why do we need it?Why do we need it?• Major Processes:Major Processes:

• N fixationN fixation• bacteriabacteria

• Ammonification Ammonification • decomposersdecomposers

• NitrificationNitrification• bacteriabacteria

• DenitrificationDenitrification• Anaerobic bacteriaAnaerobic bacteria

N Cycle

ammonification

nitrification

denitrification

PHOSPHORUS CYCLEPHOSPHORUS CYCLE

• Why do we need it?Why do we need it?

• SLOW cycleSLOW cycle

• Not in the atmosphere!!Not in the atmosphere!!

• Erosion of rocks; Fertilizers; waste; Erosion of rocks; Fertilizers; waste; death, decompositiondeath, decomposition

• Phosphate into soil, waterPhosphate into soil, water• Plants absorbPlants absorb• Food chainFood chain

Water Resource CalculationsWater Resource Calculations

• Make a chart!Make a chart!• IndividuallyIndividually• Whole SchoolWhole School• CharlestonCharleston• SCSC

P. 374 #2,3,4,6,8P. 374 #2,3,4,6,8

Chapter Review, p. 376—Chapter Review, p. 376—Quiz tomorrow!Quiz tomorrow!