happy thanksgiving! 1. have your homework out: the completed lab and the 2 nd side of the...
TRANSCRIPT
Happy Thanksgiving!
• 1. Have your Homework out: the completed lab AND the 2nd side of the photosynthesis worksheet with graphs. Exit slips back. Review with each other
• 2. current science• 3. Class Review: exit slip 3.1 & worksheets• 4. Exit slip 3.2• 5. Introduction to cellular respiration (3.3)!• HW: C.R. review sheet, Quiz on 3.1, Exit on 3.3• Have a wonderful break!!!
ENERGY EXIT
SLIP
REVIE
W
3.1.I FIRST QUESTION
• 1st law – energy never created or destroyed, only converted
• C. Describes photosynthesis – a perfectly acceptable transformation of energy
3.I.I SECOND QUESTION
• Exothermic reaction releases energy to drive endothermic reaction
Energy
3.I.I 3RD QUESTION
ATP is energy transfer molecule
Releases energy when split into ADP and P
3.1.II
3.I.II
Energy is lost as heat during every reaction
Energy lost as heat
3.I.III
• Grass loses about 90% of the energy it captures as heat
• Rabbits lose about 90% of energy they get from eating grass
• Only about 1% of the energy the grass contains is present by the time the lions eat the rabbits. The 99% is in the atmosphere as heat
3.I.III
• Everything you do you lose energy as heat
• Must replace that energy with food!
• To make more ATP etc.
PHOTO
SYNTH
ESIS R
EVIEW
WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN?
CHLOROPHYLL AND LIGHT
V B G Y O R
Other pigments still absorb some light
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE FALL?
GRAPHS
• In your groups sketch the graph on a whiteboard, as big as possible
• Make notes on the graph explaining what is occurring at major points on the graph
• Example:
Stu
dent
Happin
ess
Waking up
Breakfast
1st Period
Mr. Mahon’s class
Lunch
4th periodSch
ool’s
ou
t
EXIT SLIP
WHY DO WE NEED OXYGEN???
Don’t say to breathe. We breathe to get oxygen…
OXYGEN’S REACTIVITY
• Oxygen is very electronegative as an atom
• Doesn’t like sharing its electrons with other greedy atoms
• So O2 is extremely aggressive in ripping electrons off of molecules, releasing lots of energy in the process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRVdXgwhv4M
POINT OF STEPS OF RESPIRATION
Release energy slowly and efficiently
CELLULA
R RESPI
RATIO
N –
THE P
LAY
A NOTE ABOUT OUR PLAY
• It is very, very over-simplified and generalized
• The exact amounts of everything are fictional to make it more simple to focus on the major themes of the play
ACTORS NEEDED
Carbon atom (6)
Oxygen atom (2)
Hydrogen atom (4)
ADP+P/ATP (6)
NAD+ (4)
Enzymes
ACT 1 -
GLYCOLS
YSIS
SETTIN
G – TH
E CYT
OSOL OF
THE C
ELL
WE BEGIN WITH GLUCOSE, NAD+ AND ADP+P
C C C C C CEN
ER
GY
EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S
H H H H
NAD+ ADP+P
EN
ER
GY
GLYCOLYSIS ACTION
• Enzyme #1 splits glucose in half, releasing the energy shared by the two central carbons
• An ADP+P absorbs this energy and becomes ATP!
• A molecule of NAD+ takes an electron and energy and Hydrogen, forming NADH!
C C C C C C
EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S
EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S EN
ER
GY
ELE
CTR
ON
S
H
H
H H
NAD+ ATP
EN
ER
GY
ENERGYELECTRONS
2xPyruvate
Hang out until Act 3 Your role is done. Go contract a
muscle or drive an endothermic reaction
EN
ER
GY
ACT 2 –
THE K
REBS/
CITRIC
ACID
CYC
LE
SETTIN
G – TH
E INTE
RIOR O
F TH
E MIT
OCHONDRIA
ACTION
• Enzymes split apart all of the carbon atoms, converting them into CO2
• As this happens, 3 NAD+ remove electrons, energy and Hydrogens
• 1 ADP+P gets the energy the carbons had and becomes ATP
CO2
HNAD+ ATP
EN
ER
GY
ENERGYELECTRONS
Your role is done. Go contract a muscle or drive an endothermic reaction
3x
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO
2
Released to the world
Prepare for the grand finale
ACT 3 –
OXIDAT
IVE
PHOSPH
ORYLAT
ION
THE IN
NER MIT
OCHONDRIAL M
EMBRANE (CRIS
TAE)
O
HNAD+ENERGYELECTRONS
O
ADP+P
HNAD+ENERGYELECTRONS
HNAD+ENERGYELECTRONS
ADP+P
ADP+P
ADP+P
HNAD+ENERGYELECTRONS
ACTION
• Enzymes help Oxygen rip electrons and H from NADH
• 2 molecules of water are formed
• The energy each carries is used to turn 4 ADP+P into ATP
WE BEGIN WITH GLUCOSE, NAD+ AND ADP+P
OH
NAD+
ELECTRO
NS
O
HELE
CTR
ON
S
H
ATPENERGY
NAD+
NAD+
NAD+ELE
CTR
ON
S
ELECTRONS
H
ATPENERGY
ATPENERGY
ATPENERGY Available
for cellular work
Can go get more electrons
FINGiv
e ou
r won
derfu
l act
ors
a ro
und of
appla
use
GLYCOLYSIS IS UNIVERSAL
Every living thing ever studied requires ATP and is able to make it via glycolysis
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Occurs in everything containing a mitochondria
All eukaryotes
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glucose + O2 + ADP Water + CO2 + ATP
RAPID REVIEWGlycolysis• Sugar split• Some ATP made• Electrons passed to NADH
Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle• Sugar fully broken into CO2• More ATP made• More electron carriers generated
Oxidative Phosphorylation• Electrons passed to Oxygen forming water• Energy released used to make LOTS of ATP
Mitochondria
WHAT IF THERE’S NO OXYGEN?????
• No oxidative phosphorylation
• But indirectly Krebs cycle also cannot occur
• Glycolysis is only option to make ATP
BUT WE NEED TO GET NAD+ BACK
• Fermentation allows NADH to give back electrons and H to become NAD+ again
• NAD+ can go break down more glucose to make some ATP
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Can’t breathe out. Builds up as a toxic waste product
TYPES OF RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC•No oxygen used•Only glycolysis + fermentation•Few ATP made per glucose•Lactic acid builds up
AEROBIC•Oxygen used•Glycolysis + Krebs + Oxidative Phosphorylation•Lots of ATP made per glucose•CO2 breathed out
HW: REVIEW SHEET! QUIZ 3.1!
1. Want to know more? Try checking out the book.Maybe the internetGo watch crash course on you tube- there’s one for photosynthesis too.
2. Email me questions3. Remember to know your
vocabulary