Rieza,Alyssa Nicole B. Sir Joemar Furigay

IV-Newton

HARDWORKEditorial

An editorial is an article that presents the newspaper's opinion on an issue which is usually unsigned. It is build on an argument and try to persuade readers to think the same way they do to influence public opinion. It is an article published in the newspaper section or in a magazine. The writer of an editorial may be the editor himself, the publisher or a person unconnected with the newspaper.

Functions

Explain or Interpret - Editors often use these editorials to explain the way the newspaper covered a sensitive or controversial subject. School newspapers may explain new school rules or a particular student-body effort like a food drive.

Honor Code

With graduation day approaching, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is reportedly reviewing the dismissal of a cadet

for violating the honor code in the Philippine Military Academy. Cadet 1st Class Aldrin Jeff Cudia is supposed to graduate as

the No. 2 in his class. Now he instead faces dismissal, according to reports, for lying about the reason for being two minutes

late for one of his classes.

The penalty, if implemented, strikes many as harsh. At the same time, however, people also hope that adherence to a

military code of honor will be just as strict once PMA cadets join the AFP.

Today the AFP is no longer seen as an enforcer of dictatorial rule, and it seems to have been cured of the coup virus.

But top officers, including PMA alumni who entered the Philippine National Police, are currently facing criminal charges for

large-scale corruption.

There’s a saying that from little acorns grow big trees. At the PMA, the tradition of hazing, which has claimed the lives of

several plebes, has been partly blamed for the continuing involvement of AFP officers in cases of torture, summary

executions and enforced disappearances.

The same principle is seen to be at work in the persistence of corruption in the military and police involving PMA alumni.

Even the death of Ensign Philip Andrew Pestaño on a Navy ship has been blamed by his relatives, who insist he was

murdered, on corruption in the military.

The scandals that led to the conviction of Army Maj. Gen. Carlos Garcia and the suicide of former defense and AFP

chief Angelo Reyes showed that corruption in the military has become institutionalized. The public is still not sure if this has

been eradicated under the daang matuwid administration.

In this light, perhaps PMA administrators thought it prudent to nip in the bud a prospective military officer’s tendency to

lie. The penalty will likely be tempered, but after the scandals involving PMA alumni, the nation would welcome military

officers who consider lying a serious offense.

(Source: http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2014/02/21/1292800/editorial-honor-code)

Criticize – In criticizing, you must have a stand based on facts and suggestions. It must not be cruel nor potent but should contain advices in doing the right thing.

A positive look at negative figuresFor the past several weeks, some macro-economic figures have come to light, and they are bothersome to say the

least.

For one, the country’s unemployment figures – 7.3% as of end-2013, from 7% the previous year — have obviously

gone from bad to worse despite the steady growth of the Philippines’ gross domestic product in the last few years. This

leaves some three million workers out of jobs, and counting.

For another, the tax collection of the Bureau of Internal Revenue as well as the Bureau of Customs for the current

fiscal year have fallen below targets, by their own admission. Despite year-on-year increases, there are still too many private

companies and individuals who pay less than what they should.

Also, the country’s gross international reserves have been diminished, indicative of the outward flight of hot money,

or funds from global investors that are easily pulled out of the country. The Philippines’ dollar reserves are now at their

lowest level since June of 2012.

True, overseas Filipino workers continue to prop up the country’s foreign currency reserves, but this also indicates

that the country’s best and brightest minds (and able bodies) are mostly based abroad. They thus play a greater role in the

development of their host countries rather than their motherland.

These figures do not lie. In fact, the figures come from government sources such as the National Economic and

Development Authority, which we must accept as gospel truth.

It is therefore surprising that some government officials perceive The Manila Times as an anti-government, or at least anti-

administration newspaper. We are not.

We prefer to look at our focusing on negative economic news in a positive light. They indicate what the government

has not been doing right, and point out the direction that the Aquino administration should be taking.

There can be no national development without low, single digit unemployment and underemployment rates. For the

record, underemployment is still hovering around 20%. This means that one out of five Filipinos are only working part-

time. It is such a shame that so many workers go underutilized.

The direction that the government must take in this area is clear enough—boost employment in both the private and

public sectors, with a greater focus on the former.

Creating emergency public sector jobs must be treated as a last resort, because the workers will be receiving their

compensation from the government’s tax take.

We are not downplaying the achievements of the administration. Far from it. But whatever growth the country has

attained during the Aquino era remains meaningless to the millions of Filipinos who are either jobless, or do not work

enough. We can even add the unknown millions who do not receive proper compensation and benefits, as dictated by the

country’s labor laws.

For this, and any other administration, The Times can only pray for the best. In the President’s mind, his

administration may have already accomplished much. But the reality is that much more needs to be done.

President Benigno Aquino 3rd still has two more years to do more than the little he has done for the Filipino people these

past almost four years.

The ball, Mr. President, remains in your hands.

(Source: http://manilatimes.net/category/opinion/)

Defend – You must have a strong opinion and appeal to the one who is attacked by an institution or individual.

A fumble, not a slam dunkRuby Tuason was a complete disappointment. Her halting testimony before the Senate and at times consulting Justice

Secretary Leila de Lima’s-maintained whistleblower Benhur Luy to check on details and figures at the Senate hearing on the pork barrel scam yesterday where both stood as witnesses.Tuason was built up as providing the missing links to the priority development assistance fund (PDAF) scandal which would be the direct evidence that whistleblowers were not able to provide.Tuason, supposedly is an eyewitness, which was the apparent reason for De Lima’s hype that she will provide the slam dunk evidence against the three opposition senators being targeted by the Palace, Senators Juan Ponce Enrile, Jinggoy Estrada and Ramon Revilla Jr.

Yet, when asked about the details of transactions involved in the alleged scam, Tuason could only frequently surmise or presume most of the proof senators were asking from her.In exasperation, even Noynoy ally Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV expressed doubts over the accuracy and lack of details of Tuason’s statements since her supposed eyewitness accounts needed “refreshing” from her lawyers or from Luy, who seems to have been made the overall handler of the pork barrel script handed down from De Lima and the Palace.Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago, who has an ax to grind against Enrile and what can be called a tactical alliance with the Palace regarding the campaign against the three senators, had to lawyer for Tuason to keep her testimony again on track.Santiago, citing jurisprudence, tried to reinforce the qualification of Tuason as an eyewitness and her value in pinning down particularly her nemesis, Enrile and Estrada.

The problem, however, is that Tuason herself, who unlike Luy and the other De Lima-handled whistleblowers who strictly follow the Palace script, Tuason was diffident in making her statements, that or she couldn’t get her scripted statements right.Through questioning from senators, it seems that Tuason only proved that she was bitter against Estrada for not offering her any help when she left for the United States after the filing of the complaints against individuals allegedly involved in the pork barrel controversy.Santiago called Tuason a “perfect” witness who had provided what she called a bull’s eye evidence but her testimony before the Senate showed obviously that she was having a hard time keeping herself on a particular previously agreed on path.

Santiago even noted that Tuason was trying not to step on other toes in the way she was haltingly making her statements.In some instances in the proceedings, the senators would note that Tuason’s statement was in conflict with her sworn affidavit.It was even suspicious how the affidavit seems to have been evolving since she decided to seek protection as state witness, with the draft that was scheduled for signing in Singapore having scant details while the final version had all the specifics of the supposed PDAF transactions that Tuason can’t even accurately recall happening, reasoning that she was already 50 years old yet in her written statement, she had the memory of a genius recalling even document numbers in the alleged pork barrel transactions.

Even Tuason’s casual admission she would sacrifice everything, including the sale of her only property which is her house to raise P40 million she committed to return to the government that she estimated to have supposedly earned from the scam, to say the least way, was too unnatural and unbelievable.It would not take much for the Palace, however, to pull out P40 million from Noynoy’s different pork barrel accounts and have Tuason surrender it to make her an A-1 state witness against the target senators.

The bottomline is that Tuason seems to be a perfect candidate for a Palace stooge in the pork barrel controversy.

(Source: http://www.tribune.net.ph/commentary/editorial/a-fumble-not-a-slam-dunk)

Endorse – You must know how to advertise or promote a particular person, (proposal), project or anything that can influence the readers.

PotentialsFrom our tropical country, the lone participant in the Sochi Winter Olympics in Russia picked figure skating as his

sport. Michael Christian Martinez placed 19th in the competition at the Iceberg Skating Palace. But his performance still impressed Filipinos, and highlighted the potentials and challenges for those who hope to win Olympic medals for the Philippines.

The 17-year-old Martinez became passionate about the sport at an early age, practicing on the ice rinks of SM shopping malls and then finding sponsors to shoulder most of the hefty bills for training and competing overseas. Figure skating is an Olympic event where victory is based largely on grace and skills, with no advantage enjoyed by taller or heavier competitors. It is an event where Filipinos can excel.

There are other Olympic events where a lighter weight can be an advantage, such as gymnastics. The performance of Martinez raises possibilities for training budding Filipino gymnasts for Olympic competition.

As in all athletic activities, however, figure skating requires rigorous discipline and training, which can be costly for the average Filipino family. Relatives of Martinez have been supportive of his interest but have sought a lot of outside help to finance his training. Foreign coaches and training sites don’t come cheap.

Similar stories of funding problems have been heard over the years from the handful of Filipinos who have reaped honors for the country in international competitions and professional sports. Boxing superstar Manny Pacquiao rose to the top mostly on his own effort. His victories and endorsements sustained his continuing training to be Number One.

The Philippines may not have the resources that other countries pour into developing their promising athletes, whose training typically starts from early childhood. But the Philippines can pick a few athletic events where Filipinos have a good chance of winning, and develop potential participants. Martinez has shown that figure skating can be one of these events. Philippine sports authorities, with support from private sponsors, can start developing stars in this field.

(Source: http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2014/02/19/1292015/editorial-potentials)

Parts of an Editorial

Introduction – in presenting your topic, it must first catch the attention of the readers so that they will be interested in your topic.

Body – In the body, you must define your stand in order to persuade the readers with your logical reasoning about the topic.

Conclusion – This is where you urge the readers to agree or not in your withholding stand.

According to Alito L. Malinao, an editorial should have the following characteristics:

1. A timely news angle.2. An objective explanation of issues3. The views of opposing sides4. Alternative solutions to the problem

5. Reasoning or arguments based on issues and not personalities6. Constructive criticism or pro-active approach7. Solid and concise conclusion that summarizes the editorial writer’s opinion. Preferably with a punch. An effective

ending to an editorial is to state or to restate the thesis, then leave the reader with a little something extra: a call to action, a vision of the future, or food for thought.

Writing an Editorial

1.Pick a significant topic that has a current news angle and would interest readers.

2. Collect information and facts; include objective reporting; do research

3. State your opinion briefly in the fashion of a thesis statement

4. Explain the issue objectively as a reporter would and tell why this situation is important

5. Give opposing viewpoint first with its quotations and facts

6. Refute (reject) the other side and develop your case using facts, details, figures, quotations. Pick apart the other side's

logic.

7. Concede a point of the opposition — they must have some good points you can acknowledge that would make you look

rational.

8. Repeat key phrases to reinforce an idea into the reader's minds.

9. Give a realistic solution(s) to the problem that goes beyond common knowledge. Encourage critical thinking and pro-

active reaction.

10. Wrap it up in a concluding punch that restates your opening remark (thesis statement).

11. Keep it to 500 words; make every work count; never use "I"

(Source: http://www.geneseo.edu/~bennett/EdWrite.htm)

Tips in Structuring an Editorial

v  Lead with an Objective Explanation of the Issue/Controversy. Include the five W's and the H. Pull in facts

and quotations from sources which are relevant.

v  Present Your Opposition First. As the writer you disagree with these viewpoints. Identify the people

(specifically who oppose you). Use facts and quotations to state objectively their opinions. Give a strong position of

the opposition. You gain nothing in refuting a weak position.

v  Directly Refute The Opposition's Beliefs. You can begin your article with transition. Pull in other facts and

quotations from people who support your position. Concede a valid point of the opposition which will make you

appear rational, one who has considered all the options.

v  Give Other, Original Reasons/Analogies. In defense of your position, give reasons from strong to strongest

order. Use a literary or cultural allusion that lends to your credibility and perceived intelligence.

v  Conclude With Some Punch.  Give solutions to the problem or challenge the reader to be informed.

A quotation can be effective, especially if from a respected source. A rhetorical question can be an effective

concluder as well. While it ridicules or makes fun of a subject with the intent of improving it.

(Source: https://sites.google.com/a/wjps.org/the-blazer---newspaper-class/opinion-editorial-writing/structure-of-

an-editorial)

For beginners, Malinao also suggested to follow the SPECS formula:

S – state the problemP – position on the problemE – evidence to support the problemC – conclusion. This should support your stand or positionS – solutions. Give at least two solutions to the problem.

State the problem – the dilemma is either based on constitution or not. Position on the problem – define your stand by having a strong opinion on the said topic. Evidence to support the problem – present the main conflict by giving facts to make a firm judgment. Conclusion – expand the opinion based on giving examples cause and effect results that may convince the readers. Solutions – resolve the problem by giving an outlook on how to improve the problem of the issue.

Writing an Editorial

1. Pick a significant topic that has a current news angle and would interest readers.2. Collect information and facts; include objective reporting; do research3. State your opinion briefly in the fashion of a thesis statement4. Explain the issue objectively as a reporter would and tell why this situation is important5. Give opposing viewpoint first with its quotations and facts6. Refute (reject) the other side and develop your case using facts, details, figures, quotations. Pick apart the other side's logic.7. Concede a point of the opposition — they must have some good points you can acknowledge that would make you look rational.8. Repeat key phrases to reinforce an idea into the reader's minds.9. Give a realistic solution(s) to the problem that goes beyond common knowledge. Encourage critical thinking and pro-active reaction.10. Wrap it up in a concluding punch that restates your opening remark (thesis statement).11. Keep it to 500 words; make every work count; never use "I" (Source: http://www.geneseo.edu/~bennett/EdWrite.htm)

A Sample Structure

I. Lead with an Objective Explanation of the Issue/Controversy.

Include the five W's and the H. (Members of Congress, in effort to reduce the budget, are looking to cut funding from public television. Hearings were held …)

Pull in facts and quotations from the sources which are relevant. Additional research may be necessary.

II. Present Your Opposition First. 

As the writer you disagree with these viewpoints. Identify the people (specifically who oppose you. (Republicans feel that these cuts are necessary; other cable stations can pick them; only the rich watch public television.)

Use facts and quotations to state objectively their opinions. Give a strong position of the opposition. You gain nothing in refuting a weak position.

III. Directly Refute The Opposition's Beliefs.

You can begin your article with transition. (Republicans believe public televison is a "sandbox for the rich." However, statistics show most people who watch public television make less than $40,000 per year.)

Pull in other facts and quotations from people who support your position. Concede a valid point of the opposition which will make you appear rational, one who has considered all the

options (fiscal times are tough, and we can cut some of the funding for the arts; however, …).

IV. Give Other, Original Reasons/Analogies

In defense of your position, give reasons from strong to strongest order. (Taking money away from public television is robbing children of their education …)

Use a literary or cultural allusion that lends to your credibility and perceived intelligence (We should render unto Caesar that which belongs to him …)

V. Conclude With Some Punch.

Give solutions to the problem or challenge the reader to be informed. (Congress should look to where real wastes exist — perhaps in defense and entitlements — to find ways to save money. Digging into public television's pocket hurts us all.)

A quotation can be effective, especially if from a respected source A rhetorical question can be an effective concluder as well (If the government doesn't defend the interests of

children, who will?)

(Source: http://www.geneseo.edu/~bennett/EdWrite.htm)

Editorial Page

a. Flag (masthead) – editorial box supplying the reader with information on the paper (name, staff, subscription price, etc.)

b. Editorial – a kind of journalistic writing designed to interpret the news.c. Editorial column – a timely and regular presentation of various kinds of editorial material by the same writer.

Sometimes, it may be written by a guest columnist, who is presumably well-versed on the topic which is of current interest.

d. Cartoone. Editorial paragraph – a sentence or two with an editorial suggestion, often witty.f. Letter to the editor.g. Folio.h. Running head.

Examples of Editorial Article

InformationBAYANIHAN: FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE

The effectiveness of the “bayanihan” spirit was best shown by groups of students, hundreds of them, as they took to the streets in support of the Metro Manila clean-up and beautification drive.

The students, coming from different schools in Tondo , pooled themselves together, cleaned the streets, and beautified them with potted ornamental plants. This is bayanihan in action.

The bayanihan is an ancient Filipino custom, symbolic of the Filipino way of group work. As found in the Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (1745) by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sncluar, the word bayanihan is

derived from the rootword bayani meaning Obra comun or group work.Another related word, magpabayani, is a request for help by one who wants a job done for him, and evokes response

from neighbors who come in groups to offer their services in all forms and their own simple ways. In return, the nagpabayani gets free breakfast, lunch or merienda —-a token of appreciation and gratitudes of the nagpabayani.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial ) Interpretation

A TALE OF HORROR: POPULATION EXPLOSION

Today the Philippines has a population of 80 million. At the present rate of growth, this small country, would only

be most affected by the evil effect of population explosion.

This means that most of our high school students now, who would only be in their early 40′s or 50′s at that time,

will be the ones to be most affected by the evil effect of population explosion.

As of today our basic problems are food, water, housing, education, and pollution. Just imagined how these

problems would be aggravated by the 150 million mouths to feed, backs to clothe, heads to shelter, and minds to

educate.

Also today the world has a population of four billions. These will double in 35 years time. The world population is

increasing at the rate of an additional 2,000 million every eight years.

In six and a half centuries from now, there would be one person standing on every square foot of land on earth. By

that time, men would be no more place for plants to grow.

The only way to avoid this situation would be through population planning. The first consequence can be seen in the

faces of hungry men. One half of humanity is hungry at this moment. There is less food per person on earth today

than there was30 years ago during the worldwide depression.

Political chaos is death through world wars, revolutions, aggressions, rebellions, and the like.

The third and the best remedy is population planning done through family planning. Family planning simply means

the planning of the size and spacing of one’s family by means of scientific knowledge and method.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Criticism

A JUNE 12 THOUGHT: RESPECT FLAG RITES

A flag ceremony, wherever it be a flag raising or a flag retreat is sacred. Therefore, it should be observed with all the

solemnity and sacredness a Filipino citizen can muster.

The National Anthem (Pambansang awit), like the national flag, should be treated with ceremonial respect.

On this anniversary of the declaration of Independent in Kawit in 1898 it is perhaps timely to remind all and to behave

during flag ceremonies.

Sad to say, many students during the Monday morning flag raising ceremonies, instead of standing at attention while

singing the National Anthem, and while reciting the Patriotic Fledge (Panatang Makabayan), move around play and have

completely disregarding what’s going on.

It is for this reasons that we are calling the attention of all teachers, especially the social studies teachers to give more

emphasis on teaching values, love of country, respect for the flag, veneration of heroes, and proper behavior during flag

ceremonies

In flag ceremonies cannot be held properly, why then do we hold them at all.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Commendation, Appreciation, or Tribute

WE ARE OUR BROTHERS’ KEEPERS

“And the Lord said unto Cain. Where is Abel your brother? And he said, ‘ I know not. Am I my brother’s keeper?” – Genesis 4:9

This question asked millions of years ago in the Garden of Eden has not lost its meaning.This was the same question students of Osmena High school had sought to answer, and answered, when the biggest flood in

recent years hit Central Luzon.When the appeal for help was aired by the mass media, local student leaders launched a three pronged drive to solicit relief

aid for the flood victims.Majority of the students belong to poor families. Most of them cannot even afford to buy more than a pair of uniforms for

their daily use. But when the appeal for aid was sounded, they lost no time in finding ways and means to help their less fortunate brothers. They knew that they were their brotherss’ keepers.

The hat was literally passed around. In no time, the sum of 20,000 was collected. Aside from this, canned goods, rice, medicine, and old clothes were also collected.

The drive, which started as a spark, soon grew and spread like wildfire: the teachers, alumni, and former members of the editorial staff joined the “Help Our Brothers” bandwagon.

A part of the money was sent to the flood victims through the national dailies. The rest, plus the relief goods, were personally delivered to them in Central Luzon during the height of the floods by the student leaders.

The schools aid may be just like a drop of water in a bucket. But true to what James Lowell said in his poem:

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Argumentation

SCIENCE NOT CONFLICT WITH RELIGION

Can science be reconciled with religion?

This was the argument discussed in the open forum during the science seminar-workshop held July 18 at the school

social hall in observance of National Science and Technology week.

This statement from the speech of Mr. Ernesto L. Damaso of the National Science Technology association who said

that only truth does not change.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Mood Editorial

THE CHALLENGE OF 1994

Old year 1993 with knitted brown, limping and hungry, black-eyed by student demonstrations, social unrest, dirty, politics,

criminality, kidnapping, and a revillion has just departed, leaving behind great problems to Youthful 1994.

All around the country are tensions, miseries, and a starvation. Hunger stalks the land, as different kinds of diseases inflict

the people.

The poor and the unfortunate stage the same old story. The power of political struggle and the growing strength of the NPA

and Muslim rebels have crept even into the once peaceful barrios throughout the country, while countless of millions look

up to the sky with hope for order, peace, and sobriety.

Now that the New Year is here, it is the time to take stock of and adjust ourselves to a brighter tomorrow. Let us stand

firmly, for the future depends on how we make it. All that we do is only a matter of trials, struggles, and sacrifices.

But above all, let us practice peace and love of God and of our fellowmen.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Special Occasion

VALENTINE IS..

When some students began decorating their rooms with Valentine trimmings, a critic asked, “Is it necessary to

celebrate Valentines’ Day? Is not a good for nothing occasion like Christmas?

Contrary to what the critic said, Valentine’s Day is not just a froth and flower occasion devoid of any meaning at

all. It has a distinct place and function in contemporary life; otherwise its observance would have been dropped after

the Vatican had declared St. Valentine’s Day. To them, the existence of the patron saint is immaterial.

What is important is, that people still believe in the existence of love, love between lovers, love between children

and their elders, love among men, and love between man and God.

These kinds of love are universal. They are the ties that bind the world together to keep it from crumbling into

hatred and wickedness.

(Source: http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial )

Editorial CartoonEditorial cartoons (also called “wordless editorial” are hand-drawn images that are opinion-based,

often accompanied by written text serving as an indicator of dialog or narration which reflects the stand of the newspaper about the issue.

Characteristics 1. It deals with single idea.2. It is humorous.3. It exerts influence4. It is realistic5. It entertains the reader

(Source: http://www.slideshare.net/jareleny/editorial-cartooning-24848392)

Making an Editorial Cartoon

1. Brainstorm ideas for your cartoon; you have to understand the topic you choose. Think of possible ideas in your head that you could create, and do not neglect ideas if they seem stupid.

2. Roughly draw a sketch of the idea that you like the most. Do a rough drawing/sketch on what you think is the best that you thought of.

3. Start drawing your idea. Draw your cartoon, have patience and make sure that it is readable and makes sense.4. Make sure your idea shows symbolism. If you make your cartoon on just two people talking and show no

symbolism, that is not a editorial cartoon. Show symbolism about the topic.5. Analyze other editorial cartoons. In order to create a type of standard for your cartoon to follow, look at other

cartoons and see how they use symbolism.6. Do not make the editorial cartoon too easy to analyze. Make the cartoon understandable, but yet hard to make

the reader think about the topic and get their mind working.7. When you are done look at it and see if it makes you think to understand it.Look at it when you’re done and

see if it makes sense and yet still difficult to analyze.8. Add color or shading effects to bring your work to life.9. If needed, create a title. (Make sure it is creative and symbolic. If you are going to create a title, always make it

creative; for example, “The Trail of Tears”.

Tips Take a side. Use facial expressions and emotions. Use universal symbols, those which can be understood at once by your intended reader. Do not clutter your cartoonwith unnecessary details or complicate your drawing with artistic touches.

(Source: http://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/editorial-cartooning-24524379)

Essentials of a Good Editorial Cartoon

♦ A good editorial cartoon is always simple, limited and uncluttered. It never tries to tell the whole story. ♦ The cartoon should focus on a single item that is clearly identified. They may also represent a simplification of a complex issue. ♦ Use the tools the experts use; symbols caricatures, stereotypes and analogies. ♦ Thinking skills are much more important than drawing skills in creating a good cartoon. A person can present a fantastic drawing, but if the opinion was not presented, the objective of the cartoon was not met. ♦ Any words used (captions, dialogue balloons or words that are part of the drawing itself) should be large, clear and easily recognized.

♦ If your cartoon is clever and gets across your opinion, you are successful. (Source: http://msad37.org/nhs/birkenshaw/Tips%20on%20Creating%20a%20Good%20Editorial%20Cartoon.pdf)

Samples

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#imgdii=_

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#imgdii=_)

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#imgdii=_)

Activity 1Write an editorial about the given information below.

Manila, Philippines — Actor/host Vhong Navarro is again facing controversy after a 24-year-old former beauty pageant contestant filed a rape case against him before the Pasig City Prosecutor’s Office last Wednesday afternoon.

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Activity 2Write an editorial based on the given editorial cartoon below.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=examples+of+editorials&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=5VEHU9f7IKL_iAe2tIHIDA&sqi=2&ved=0CCsQs

AQ&biw=1366&bih=653#q=editorial+cartoon&tbm=isch&facrc=0%3Beditorial%20cartoon%20pork%20barrel&imgdii=_&imgrc=_)

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Activity 3

Identify what function of editorial is the given example below and explain why. Explain briefly.

The age of technology

As we enter what has been described, as “the age of technology” a debate is raging about what skills will be most important and what skills will have less value in the future, so that we can tailor our training to meet these needs.

There is no point competing with the ubiquitous computers which are now available to almost everyone, thanks in large part to the philantrophic efforts of Bill Gates, who founded the world’s largest software company and then focused on licensing software to computer makers in partnership deals which made the machines affordable and available to everyone.

Computers are already performing activities previously assigned only to humans, such as guiding driverless cars and playing chess, When chess great Garry Kasparov played chess with a computer, he reported that the computer did a good job with tactical moves, but that he still won on the level of strategy.

As computers take over more functions, some human skills will become less valuable, according to New York Times writer, David Brooks. Having a great memory, for example, may mean less. And being able to be a straight-A-student, won’t mean as much as it has in the past, since the subjects one learns in school have little value in a technological age. And the ability to follow a set of rules will also lose its importance.

The skills that will be most valuable in the age of technology will be the ability to quickly recognize an important message and post it immediately, and to be able to write clearly about major concepts.

To be successful in the age of technology also requires certain emotional traits. First and most important is enthusiasm, the drive necessary to go through mounds of data to find an answer. While a computer can offer innumerable options, it is only the human mind that can provide a sense of direction – in the case of the Internet pioneers it was to provide systems for individuals to express their ideas, such as Facebook, and Twitter, and then collaborate with one another.

Next to enthusiasm, Brooks suggests that the new technological age also requires creativity and a sense of what will attract the most attention and linger longest in the mind.

Answer:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Source: http://www.mb.com.ph/the-age-of-technology/)

Photojournalism

Photojournalism is a type of journalism in which it is expressed in photographs more than words in a newspaper. Photojournalist is the one who takes responsibility in photojournalism. They are the ones that capture every moment, true images that expresses the reality of the world in one photo. We should remember that a journalist must try to tell the story in balanced and objective manner. The images is more powerful than words. In writing and speaking, you need to convey it in a particular language rather than visual images that can make you understand by looking at the facial expressions, emotion, movement. And body posture. It can also express the idea by the lighting and shadowing which can be understood as well as in speaking.

Types of photojournalism

Sport

It is one of the hardest type of photojournalism because a photojournalism must have a great sense of timing It is a kind of general news. It is very important to catch the action between the players and most especially the emotion that is flaring up the teams.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=sport+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

War This is the earliest form of photojournalism, where photojournalists have covered wars and sent photos from the centre of action. In India we see a lot of photographs in newspapers, of conflicts within the country such a terrorist activity or a riot where the photographer is in a dangerous situation and yet he manages to send us pictures, risking his life.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=war+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

Spot News

Spot new is the other way around of general news. It is a type which is an unplanned event like fire accidents, car accidents and many other more. You must collect the information to have a good report so that you can portray the image that best tells the story.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=spot+news+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

Portraits

Portraits is also a type of photojournalism where the subject does not do any poses or movement and only looks directly in the camera for the readers not to be confused whether it is a portrait or not.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=portraits+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

The Greats

This is a type of photojournalism that captures the images of famous people in the industry. It is the favorite subject of the photojournalist who are fame-seekers.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=famous%20people%20photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

Travel photojournalism This type of photojournalism involves the documentation of an area’s landscape, people, cultures, customs and history.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=travel+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

Wildlife photojournalism This is regarded as one of the more challenging forms of photojournalism. Advanced photographic equipment as well as agood knowledge of the animal’s behaviour as well as the terrain is needed totake wildlife photographs.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=editorial+cartooning+symbols&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=V1wGU-fLGMm0iQeC14CIAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=wildlife+photojournalism&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

CompositionThe subject which is photographed is placed in the picture frame in such an intelligent manner that it leaves an impact on the viewer. This placement of the subject or subjects within the picture frame iscalled composition. Composition has a special meaning when it has to convey news to the public as is

the case in photojournalism. It is the placement of the subject being photographed Placement of the subject Balance Camera angle- another factor that has an impact on composition. If the person in a picture is an important person

like a leader or a film personality, one composesthe picture by keeping the camera below the person’s eye level. When this is done the person shall appear much larger . (Source: http://download.nos.org/srsec335new/ch27b-opt.pdf\)

The ends and outs of digital photography

 

Photography is an important aspect of scholastic journalism.  In order to capture the visual interpretation of any event or

story, the photographer needs a camera that will adequately supply the newspaper. Below are some suggestions for selecting

and using a good digital camera (as film is often costly and time consuming).

 

1. Image size: “The final pixels per inch, or PPI, of the image needs to be at least twice the number of lines per inch

the printer uses on its press.  Most newspaper presses print at about 110 lines per inch, so you need a file that saves

at 220 PDI or larger” (Dunn).  Make sure that file saves at least 4MB so you can get the optimal size.  For

yearbooks, you would need to get a greater resolution as the images often need to be bigger.

2. Memory Storage: Compact flash cards are the best way to go according to Dunn as they are sturdy and are the

industry standard.  Being phased out are memory sticks because the metal stick makes them prone to damage and

cables and software make the process time consuming.

3. Lens selection: Make sure the camera has good, clean optics.  The better the lens the sharper and brighter the

image.  Point and shoot cameras often offer lower quality.  Be aware of how long it takes the camera to focus as

well as capture the image.  The longer the camera takes, the less likely you will capture the shot.  The lens must be

efficient.

4. Lens sensitivity:  The camera should be as fast as a film camera.  A powerful flash is also essential.  Nikon’s D70,

although expensive has the ability to shoot in low light and still take a good picture with different ISO

speeds.  Another added bonus of using an SLR digital camera such as a Nikon or Canon is that the lens are

interchangeable with the film SLR bodies.  One aspect that the photographer should be aware is the necessity of

wide angle availability for better pictures.

5. Image Stabilization:  This will help insure the steadiness of a picture.  Most SLR provide some kind of

stabilization that greatly improves the precision of the photo, locking in the image almost instantly.

6. Durability: The camera must be strong and able to withstand the bumping and bruising that a serious photographer

is going to do.  Dunn suggests “you buy the camera with the biggest file, the highest ISO equivalency, the most

range in lens focal length, and the fastest focus and shutter release that you can afford.”

7. Immediate feedback:  One last teaching point which makes the digital camera worthwhile is the fact that you can

learn from your mistakes immediately.  If the picture isn’t good, you can delete it and take another one.  If it is

good, you can examine it and make a judgment as soon as you hear the camera go click. (Source: https://sites.google.com/a/wjps.org/the-blazer---newspaper-class/photography-art-resources)

Samples

Caption

A photo caption should provide the reader basic information needed to understand a photograph and its relevance to the news. It should be written in a consistent, concise format that allows news organizations to move the photo to publication without delay.

WRITING CAPTIONS

In most photo captions the first sentence identifies the people and place in the photograph and supply the date and location where it was taken. The second (and perhaps third) sentence should provide contextual information to help readers understand what they are looking at.

The exact format for captions vary from publication to publication, but a basic photo captions should follow these format:

• Clearly identify the people and location that appear in the photo. Professional titles should be included as well as the

formal name of the location. SPELL NAMES CORRECTLY (check against the spellings in the article if necessary) For

photographs of more than one person, identifications typically go from left to right. In the case of large groups,

identifications of only notable people may be required and sometimes no I.D.s are required at all. Your publication should

establish a standard for its photographers.

• Include the date and day the photograph was taken. This is essential information for a news publication. The more

current a photo is the better. If an archive photograph or photograph taken prior to the event being illustrated is used, the

caption should make it clear that it is a “file photo.”

• Provide some context or background to the reader so he or she can understand the news value of the photograph. A

sentence or two is usually sufficient.

• Photo captions should be written in complete sentences and in the present tense. The present tense gives the image a

sense of immediacy. It does not always logical to write the entire caption in the present tense. Often the first sentence is

written in the present tense and following sentences are not.

• Be brief. Most captions are one or two short, declarative sentences. Some may extent to a third sentence if complex

contextual information is needed to explain the image completely.

(Source: http://ijnet.org/stories/writing-photo-captions)

Examples of Caption

New York City Police Officers check subway cars at Columbus Circle on Friday, Oct. 7, 2005. Security in the city's mass transit system has been increased following yesterday's announcement of a specific terrorist threat to the subway system. (AP Photo/John Smock)

A school bus is towed following a collision with a car on the Major Deagan Expressway (I-87) in the Bronx on Friday, Sept. 30, 2005. There were no major injuries reported among the 42 students and eight adults on board from St. Joseph School in the Bronx. (AP Photo/John Smock)

General Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan, addresses the audience at the Columbia University World Leadership Forum in New York on Friday, Sept. 16, 2005. In town for the United Nations World Summit this week, several heads of state are speaking at the university . (AP Photo/John Smock)

(L-R) New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, New York City Schools Chancellor Joel Klein and Deputy Mayor for Education Denis Wolcott at PS 40 in Brooklyn on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2005, announce the highest scores for New York City public school 4th graders on state math exams since standards-based testing began four years ago.

9 Nov. - Cairo, Egypt - A woman displays her ink-stained finger after voting. Egyptians took to the polls today for the first round of parliamentary election. President Hosni Mubarak and his ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) have allowed several opposition groups, most notably the formerly banned Muslim Brotherhood party, to be among the 5,000 candidates campaigning for more than 400 seats. Photo credit: John Smock/SIPA

9 June, 2005 – Kabul, Afghanistan -- A child severely burned by a car bomb yesterday receives care at the Indira Gandi Institute of Child Medicine. Doctors are struggling with limited medicines to treat the growing number of child victims, whose injuries are often compounded by other medical problems such as poor nutrition that diminish a child's ability to heal. John Smock/SIPA.

Musician Phil Stewart uses software by Ejamming Inc. to play online with musicians (pictured on the screen) in other parts of New York City at the DigitalLife Expo on Friday, Oct. 14, 2005. The three-day DigitalLIfe Expo features cutting-edge technology for work, home and play. (AP Photo/John Smock)

Esquire magazine Editor-in-Chief David Granger, left, and Publisher Kevin O'Malley, right, pose with actress Jessica Biel at her unveiling as the magazine's 2005 'Sexiest Woman Alive' on Thursday, Oct. 6, 2005, in New York City. (AP Photo/John Smock)

Rules in Captioning

• Don’t be vague in your caption and make sure names of people and places are correctly identified and spelled. Be

accurate. A photojournalist is a journalist.

• If a photo is manipulated digitally beyond simple sizing and color control, it should be labeled as a “photo illustration” in

the caption or in the photo credit. If unusual photo techniques are used, such as time-lapse photography, it should be noted

in the caption. Explanations may also are needed for special effects, such as the use of an inset or a picture sequence.

• Do not use verbs or verb phrases such as “looks on” or “poses” “or “is pictured above” in writing captions. They are

obvious and boring.

• Do not editorialize or make assumptions about what someone in a picture is thinking: “an unhappy voter…” or “A

fortunate survivor…” The reader should be given the facts and allowed to decide for herself or himself what the feelings or

emotions are. 

• Do not characterize the content of a picture as beautiful, dramatic, horrifying or in any other such descriptive terms that

should be evident in the photograph. If it's not evident in the photograph, your telling the reader won't make it happen.

• “Wild Art,” standalones, and day shots are all terms used to describe photographs that are published independently of a

written story. They often require a more comprehensive caption. Some publications even provide small headlines.

The Skills

Shooting SkillsThere must be three elements that you should consider in this skill. First is the light where you should know how to use the flash very well especially for dramatic natural light which makes your masterpiece excellent, the second is the composition including the rule-of thirds, leading lines and repetition form and the third is the moment as you seek the perfect capture of your subject.

Technology Skills

Photojournalist should be technologically inclined. He or she must know the basic principles of digitally tone , videos and as well as to spread out his masterpieces to let the people know through internet (blogging); social media and many other more. It is important that he/she knows this to enhance his/her skills.

According to Cameron Knight, he has his own definition of ethics based on his experiences and masterpieces. These are the following:

Ethics

The most important thing, the thing that separates photojournalism from other forms of photography is trust.

The audience must be able to trust that the image they see is a true representation of what was happening. This comes down

to two main issues: interference and manipulation. A photojournalist must never interfere with a situation. He/She can never

direct or pose their subjects, unless the situation calls for a portrait, then they follow the rules of mentioned above in the

photo assignment section

It can be argued that a photographer's presence alone can alter the situation. While this sometimes is true, the

impact can be minimized by patience and practice. People will eventually get used to having a photographer there, and in

lucky cases, subjects will forget about it all together. The photojournalist must be good at explaining his or her purpose so

the subjects understand that they should pose or alter their behavior.

Post-Production Ethics

The manipulation of photos is also strictly forbidden. This especially applies to post-production. Nothing

should be edited into or out of an image. Post-production work should really only focus on correcting color problems,

exposure and latitude problems, and slight sharpness problems. Cameras are still not as good at rendering images as the

huge eye, so we sometimes have to make up for their sort comings.

Cropping is also fine. But wrinkles stay, bags under the eyes stay, stains on shirts stay. A photojournalist

cannot move a basketball around in the frame or take one out or put one in. Adding dramatic effects like vignetting, artist

filters and so on are also against the rules.

An Ethical Approach and Attitude

Another side of ethics is how the photojournalist shoots and portrays their subjects. This requires

compassion and a genuine interest in the people and topics covered. This part of ethics is much harder to talk about, so I'd

like to describe a situation I was once in that happens all the time in the world of journalism.

Accoring to Al Diaz , there are 10 tips for Photojournalist students.

1) When you wake up, consider yourself on assignment.  Shoot every day.  As Diaz put it, “Don’t just shoot for

class.  Shoot for yourself.”  Early in the talk, Diaz mentioned with a smile that when people ask him when he stops

shooting, his two-word answer: “I don’t.”  People laughed when he said it.  But I didn’t get the impression he was

joking.

2) Develop your own style and vision, while also mastering the basics.  Take visual arts classes.  And visit museums

to get a firsthand glimpse of how artists capture and present elements such as lighting, composition, and depth of

field.

3) Embrace photojournalism as a business.  The days of surviving and thriving as simply a staff photographer at a

single news outlet are over.  Set up multiple revenue streams that include editorial and commercial work such as

wedding photography and holiday portraits.

4) Self-promote, humbly not arrogantly.  Set up a professional website featuring a portfolio of your work.  Be present

and active on social media.  Blog within reason about assignments and photojournalism news of the day.

5) Retain the rights to your images.  Diaz repeatedly stressed the importance of copyrighting your work, along with

keeping track of the whereabouts and use of your older, archived shots.

The message featured beneath images on his own site: “COPYRIGHT NOTICE All multimedia content, photographs,

text, video, sound and music within aldiazphoto.photoshelter.com is copyright protected by Miami photojournalist Al Diaz

and/or the stated publication and are presented for web browser viewing only. No images are within public domain. Nothing

contained within this site may be reproduced, downloaded, stored, copied, manipulated or altered for broadcast or

publication. Nothing may be redistributed directly or indirectly in any medium  without prior written permission from Al

Diaz and/or the stated publication. Using any image as the base for another illustration or graphic content, including

photography, is a violation of copyright and intellectual property laws.”

6) Enmesh yourself within the larger photography community.  He recommended joining the National Press

Photographers Association (NPPA), Editorial Photographers, the American Society of Media

Photographers (ASMP), and Professional Photographers of America (PPA).

7) Don’t wait to be handed an assignment.  Develop, pitch, and undertake your own projects, for your employer and

yourself.  Advantages: You get the chance to follow your passions and do work you’re excited about.  You can earn

a rep as an independent thinker, someone with the foresight to simply be let loose on the waiting-to-be-

photographed world.  You have the opportunity to stand out by building up a body of work that represents a

particular style or content niche.  And you are motivated to stay visually sharp, always looking for the next potential

project.

8) Learn and love video along with stills.  Become a multimedia whiz, adept at capturing, quickly stitching together,

and presenting narrative slideshows, still-and-video mash-ups, and full-on video reports.  These presentation options

also seem to be great for organizing and featuring your own work on your portfolio site.

9) Dress appropriately, depending on the assignment.  Don’t wear sandals and shorts to shoot a funeral.  Don’t

wear a shirt and tie or super stilettos to shoot a construction site.   Think ahead about the type of scene you’ll be

entering, the people within it, how long you will be on site, how much you will be moving around, and what the

temperature will be.  Bottom line: Attempt to fit in while still projecting professionalism and ensuring comfort and

ease of motion.

10) Never work for free.

Activity 1

Put a title to the given pictures below..

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=photojournalism&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=4VgHU5OjGoSViAe4k4HIAg&sqi=2&ved=0CC4

QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=photojournalism&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=4VgHU5OjGoSViAe4k4HIAg&sqi=2&ved=0CC4

QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=photojournalism&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=4VgHU5OjGoSViAe4k4HIAg&sqi=2&ved=0CC4

QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610)

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Activity 2

Put a caption to the given pictures below. Provide the needed information in each picture.

Bong downplays Cunanan's testimonyBy Christina Mendez (philstar.com) | Updated February 21, 2014 - 3:15pm

(Source: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/02/21/1292946/bong-downplays-cunanans-testimony)

MANILA, Philippines - Sen. Ramon Revilla on Friday downplayed the Department of Justice's (DOJ) approval of Technology

Resource Center (TRC) deputy director Dennis Cunanan's application to be state witness against senators implicated in the

pork fund misuse.

Revilla belied Cunanan’s claims that he called him up to follow up on the release of funds for non-government organizations

linked with pork barrel scam operator Janet Lim Napoles.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CNN’s Haiyan coverage wins award

 (The Philippine Star) | Updated February 21, 2014 - 12:00am

(Source: http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/02/21/1292728/cnns-haiyan-coverage-wins-award)

CNN’s Anderson Cooper reporting live from Tacloban

MANILA, Philippines -  At the Royal Television Society (RTS) Awards, CNN International was crowned News Channel of the

Year for the second year running beating Sky News and the BBC News Channel, plus won the coveted Best News

Coverage International category for its outstanding reporting of Typhoon Haiyan (local codename Yolanda) in the

Philippines beating ITN and BBC One.

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Cartooning

Cartooning is one of the important medium in a newspaper. This gives the people an idea by its artistic drawing to portray a specific issue which deals with a single idea. It is intended to be humorous or serious and as well as to influence the readers.

Characteristics

Cartooning are graphic expressions of their creator’s ideas and opinions. In addition, cartooning usually, but not always, reflects the publication’s viewpoint.

Cartooning are based on current events. That means that they are produced under restricted time conditions in order to meet publication deadlines (often 5 or 6 per week).

Cartoning , like written editorials, have an educational purpose. They are intended to make readers think about current political issues.

Cartooning must use a visual and verbal vocabulary that is familiar to readers. Cartooning are part of a business, which means that the board may have an impact on what is published. Cartooning are published in a mass medium, such as a newspaper, news magazine, or the Web. Cartooning are tied to the technology that produces them, whether it is a printing press or the Internet. For printed

cartoons, their size at the time of publication and their placement (on the front page, editorial page, or as the centerfold) affects their impact on readers. The addition of color may also change how readers respond to them.

Cartooning differ from comic strips. They usually employ a single-panel format and do not feature continuing characters in the way that comic strips do.

Cartooning are sometimes referred to as political cartoons, because they often deal with political issues.

(Source: http://hti.osu.edu/opper/editorial-cartoons)

Tools

Caricatures are drawings of public figures in which certain physical features are exaggerated. Caricatures of Richard M. Nixon often show him as needing to shave.

Stereotypes are formulaic images used to represent particular groups. A stereotypical cartoon mother might have messy hair, wear an apron, and hold a screaming baby in her arms.

Symbols are pictures that represent something else by tradition. A dove is a symbol for peace. Analogies are comparisons that suggest that one thing is similar to something else. The title of a popular song or

film might be used by a cartoonist to comment on a current political event. Humor is the power to evoke laughter or to express what is amusing, comical or absurd.

(Source: http://hti.osu.edu/opper/cartooning )

Cartooning is mostly about political and social conditions and problems. It provides a window into history by showing us what people were thinking and talking about at a given time and place.

Political Cartoons- serious and sophisticated type.

(Source: http://www.politicalcartoons.com/)

(Source: http://www.politicalcartoons.com/)

(Source: http://www.politicalcartoons.com/)

Humorous Cartoons - contains hilarious drawings.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=humorous+cartoons+in+editorial&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=pDkHU4ThMvGziQe31YHACA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=677#imgdii=_)

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=humorous+cartoons+in+editorial&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=pDkHU4ThMvGziQe31YHACA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=677#imgdii=_)

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=humorous+cartoons+in+editorial&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=pDkHU4ThMvGziQe31YHACA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=677#imgdii=_)

Tips

1. It should covey the idea of the cartoon to visualize. Lessen the use of words and labels.2. Consider the comprehension of the readers if the cartoon is understandable.3. Broaden your horizon by being creative (Take note: Avoid plagiarism).4. Must be careful in conveying the idea to avoid any serious crimes like libel.5. Symbols are unnecessary. There’s no need to use if it’s not needed.6. Must express his idea in his own manner and must be open to ideas for others.7. Cartoon may signify the news or the topic of the article and may also define others.

Essentials in Cartooning

Cartooning combines a clear drawing and good writing. A good cartoon expresses a recognizable point-of-view or opinion. In the best instances, the cartoon cannot be read or understood by only looking at the words or only looking at the

picture. Both the words and the pictures must be read together in order to understand the cartoonist’s message. Not all cartoons are meant to be funny. Some of the most effective editorial cartoons are not humorous at all.

Humor is only one tool available to editorial cartoonists.

(Source: http://hti.osu.edu/opper/cartooning )1. Pencil/pen/newspaper- journalism2. Salakot – Juan dela cruz representing a Filipino citizen3. Chain – maltreatment4. Syringe – death sentence drug addiction5. Beggar – poverty6. Mallet – justice7. Blind folded woman carrying a weighing scale - justice8. Big waves – hindrance9. Mask – deceiver10. High rising building – development, progress11. Key – success12. Huge rock – tough situation13. Rising sun – hope14. Multi-tattooed man – criminal, bad15. Manskull with crossed bones – danger or death16. Philippine flag – Philippine government17. Flying eagle- Freedom18. Rainbow- Hope19. Hawk-Warfare20. Weak- small,thin people

(Source: http://artists-spot.blogspot.com/2012/10/cartoon-symbols.html)

Steps in Cartooning

Read. A cartoonist must be updated to current events. He must have a wide understanding base in the requirements of the foundation in journalism.

Make stand in the issue. Think of an image or a representation and context Draw.

Edit. Check the spelling of the label. Think of the possible reactions of your drawing and look for parts which is libelous.

Finalize. Submit.

(Source: http://barangayrp.wordpress.com/2009/07/24/gearing-towards-a-new-beginning-cartooning-in-journalism/)

Good Political Cartoons

Wit and humor by exaggeration. The cartoon sends the message about the topic. The cartoon must must have a foundation of truth. Characters should be recognizable to the viewer. The cartoon should provide opportunities to inform the viewr about an issue and allow for critical thinking.

(Source: http://www.slideshare.net/bmtoth/editorial-cartoons-1481437)

Activity 1

Write the symbolism of the following cartoon given below.

(Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=editorial+cartoon+with+bench&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=CWMHU93AAsmjiAeNvYGIBw&v

ed=0CCQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=610#q=editorial+cartoon+with+syringe&tbm=isch&imgdii=_)

Answer: ___________________________________

(Source: http://www.frugal-cafe.com/public_html/frugal-blog/frugal-cafe-blogzone/2012/03/12/abortion-in-the-funny-papers-doonesbury-comic-strip-lampoons-texas-law-requiring-ultrasound-before-receiving-an-abortion-

video/)

Answer:______________________________________________________________

(Source: http://www.adamzyglis.com/cartoon561.html)

Answer: _____________________________________________________

Activity 2

Draw a cartoon using one of the given topics below. Use symbols in cartooning.

Hope –Rising sun Development- High rising building Time- Big clock Wealth and Power- Money bad, large and fat people

Activity 3

Draw a cartoon based from the editorial cartoon given below. Use the image as a basis in drawing your cartoon.

(Source: http://storycartoons.com/blog6/tag/editorial-cartoon/)