harmonious integrated rural and urban ...kgh-kongres.rs/images/ppt/7.pdfq mathematical theory of...
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HARMONIOUS INTEGRATED RURAL AND URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Solar Decathlon Europe A Milestone For Energy Plus New And Deep Energy
Refurbished BuildingsMarija S. Todorovic
Fellow-REHVA, -ASHRAE & -WAASGuest Prof. Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Research Prof. Kyung Hee University, Seoul Korea
EinB2014 - 3rd International Conference “ENERGY in BUILDINGS 2014”
Prof. dr. Marija Todorović Fellow ASHRAE, Fellow REHVA, Fellow WAAS - World Academy of Art and Science Research Professor Center for Sustainable Healthy Buildings, Kyung Hee University, Korea; Permanent Guest Professor Southeast University, School of Energy & Environment, China ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES OF SERBIA, [email protected] -------- Special Issues Coordinating Editor of Energy & Building (Elsevier), Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Global Warming (Inderscience), and International Advisory Board Member of International Journal of Refrigeration (Elsevier) ************************************************** VEA–INVI.Ltd. VI RTUAL ENGI NEERI NG & ART - I NVESTMENT VI SI ON
Prof. Dr Marija Todorovic, Mech. Engineer, Managing Director Koste Racina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Phone: 381 11 - 2667 775, - 2660 532, mob: - 064 267 3805 www.vea-invi.com, teaming with www.in-vi.com, e-mail: [email protected] ************************************************** !Prof. dr. Marija Todorović Fellow ASHRAE, Fellow REHVA, Associate Fellow of WAAS Research Professor Center for Sustainable Healthy Buildings, Kyung Hee University, Korea; Permanent Guest Professor Southeast University, School of Energy & Environment, China -------- Special Issues Coordinating Editor of Energy & Building (Elsevier), Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Global Warming (Inderscience), and International Advisory Board Member of International Journal of Refrigeration (Elsevier) ************************************************** VEA–INVI.Ltd. VI RTUAL ENGI NEERI NG & ART - I NVESTMENT VI SI ON
Prof. Dr Marija Todorovic, Mech. Engineer, Managing Director Koste Racina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Phone: 381 11 - 2667 775, - 2660 532, mob: - 064 267 3805 www.vea-invi.com, teaming with www.in-vi.com, e-mail: [email protected] ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES OF SERBIA, [email protected] ************************************************** Prof. dr. Marija Todorović Fellow ASHRAE, Fellow REHVA, Associate Fellow of WAAS Research Professor Center for Sustainable Healthy Buildings, Kyung Hee University, Korea; Permanent Guest Professor Southeast University, School of Energy & Environment, China -------- Special Issues Coordinating Editor of Energy & Building (Elsevier), Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Global Warming (Inderscience), and International Advisory Board Member of International Journal of Refrigeration (Elsevier) ************************************************************** VEA–INVI.Ltd. VI RTUAL ENGI NEERI NG & ART - I NVESTMENT VI SI ON Prof. Dr Marija Todorovic, Mech. Engineer, Managing Director Koste Racina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Phone: 381 11 - 2667 775, - 2660 532, mob: - 064 267 3805 www.vea-invi.com, teaming with www.in-vi.com, e-mail: [email protected] ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES OF SERBIA, [email protected] ************************************************************** !
Weather Extremes, Catastrophic Events
Serbia May 20141650 MW Coal Power Plant
Belgrade Municipality
Dying Villages Concentration Megacities
q Mathematical theory of climate & Ice ages.
q Weather extremes: hot wave scorched in August 2003, an estimated 35.000 lives.
q A need for cooling and, air-conditioning of buildings in extreme growth.
Milutin Milankovic1879-1958,Ice Ages Theory
Global Warming as Result of Global Disharmony or..?
Whence carbon?Clima 2013 Jiri Grygar Astro-Physicist
Migration to Urban Centers - Concentration The most dense cities in the world
Nanjing Downtown
q A historic migration is under way around the world, from rural to urban centers, megacities grow.
q “The urbanization that happened after the industrial revolution in the today highly - industrialized countries was much more gradual than urbanization now” (Janice Perlman, MC-Project). There was a lot of chaos, difficulty & a lot of environmental problems – but now it's just accelerated exponentially.”
q European diversity is unique - in some parts of Europe de-concentration is occurring carefully planned politically
Pace of mass urbanization presents an epic challenge today
Urban rural equalized development (URED) q German Rural Development Program - land consolidation &
rural renovation from traditional agricultural to multifunctional, integrated development, focusing environment, landscapes and traditional cultural preservation to contribute to keep people staying in rural areas.
q Through specific spatial planning and financing, this program has more or less transformed rural living in the village into a modern residential community with the same right and opportunities on education, employment, social security and other fields as urban citizens.
q Peri-urbanisation RURBAN relates to those processes of dispersive urban growth creating hybrid landscapes of fragmented urban and rural characteristics.
Cultural & Natural Resources for SLD
History of metallurgy in Europe: the earliest copper mining (Vinca Culture, 5,000 BC). Miners skills ore-emptied shafts 20m deep.
Industrial Heritage Senjski Mine–“Eco museum"Viminacijum – Lepski vir
Preservation of cultural & natural resources can support SLD. They must be used carefully to enable for their territory SLD (sustainable local development). The diversity of the resources defines the richness of the diversity of the territories:Water, Natural renewable energy sources, Heritage and historic buildings, Biodiversity. Needs for economic development: smart education, public infrastructure, sustainable forestry/organic agriculture, specific tourism and diverse sports.
Pilot project of regional & local development Senjski Mine eco museum & industrial heritage
Monastery Manasija - Resava
Cultural and Natural Heritage
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Traditional village houses worldwide
Chinese German
Russian American
Traditional Low-rise Buildingsq There was no absurd luxury, no pretentiousness, but harmony,
taste and measure which were creatively produced even in great poverty.
q An old Serbian house is exquisitely proportional, of the stunning geometrical values. Understood was a codex, standardization which was adjusted and fixed up for centuries and that is the spirit which should be transposed in a modern Serbian house.
q The style and the rhythm of a modern man’s are all much different than they were in earlier times, and idea is not that the modern man should live in a 19th century house.
q The spirit of heritage is to be expressed in other ways – not going back to heritage and tradition but starting with them.
q As heritage is the tested experience of previous generations it should not be ignored but should be transposed the inherited and developed to modern needs.
Barstow California Solar 1 & 2 Central Receiver with Heliostats Type Power Plant 1982 – 1988 & 1993 - 1999
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLAR within DHSBuilding’s passive & active solar energy use
Belgrade 1984-1989
16
T2
Ti
Thls
CWin
T1
To
Tlls
WWout
HE
T2
TiT1
To
TES
CWin
WWout
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Tref
η
(e)
(b)
(c,d)
collector (e)
T - mean WF temperature In the Solar collector field
T0 - Outside air temperature I - Solar Radiation Intensity
SWH with 1 & 2 temperature levels of TES
ITTT )(* 0−=
q 3,3 – 3,7 GWh yearly Solarq 83 – 91 GWh Solar Total For 25 Years q Over 22 GWh Heat Pumps Total For 25 Years
October 2009
Slavic Beach Budva - 3,5 MW Seawater Heat Pump Assisted Multipurpose Solar System Operates Since 1984
Scheme of the systems hydraulics – sun max
Tri-generation Hyatt Regency & Intercontinental Hotel Belgrade 1983
BUILDINGS TECHNICAL
ENERGY SYSTEM
Output at the end of the exploitation and close down of the system
Machinery, construction, improvement, refurbishment, retrofitting, and reconstruction
Exploitationoutput
Exploatationinput
including service
iso Scheme Of Of The Building Energy System Analysis – ZCO2E, ZEB, E+B, nZEB, LCZEB
Buildings consume materials, energy/exergy and produce wastes
21
TMY – Typical Meteorological Yearfor IntegratedBuildingRetrofit - Refurbishment
BPS Building Performance Simulation
and CosimulationTRNSYS, DOE2 SERIES
ENERGY PLUS, ESP-rDesignBUILDER, APACHE, TRACE
ADELINE – RADIANCE, SPARK, IDA ICECFD – PHOENICS, CFX, FLUENT
Building Performance Simulation in Integrated Sustainable New & Refurbished Building Design
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
5000001 8 15 22 5 12 19 2 9 16 23
W
model M6
model M0
1152.0
2000.0
1095.4
2182.8
513.6
1587.5
521.5
1656.3
595.5
1775.7
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
kW
SchDsn M01 M02-2 M02-1-1 M02-4
Heating/Cooling load Heating load Cooling load
4781.1
2824.7
2357.1 2502.8 2571.1
0.0
1000.0
2000.0
3000.0
4000.0
5000.0
MWh/y
SchDsn M01 M02-2 M02-1-1 M02-4
Total energyTotal energy
15 years Aniversary
BPS & EEI-Measuresq Developed BPS & CFD co-simulation method successfully experimentally validatedq BPS & CFD practical integration with architectural
modeling, providing designers with a powerful CFD/BPS based architectural modeling and design framework
q Innovative technological approach in CFD/BPS architectural designing sustainable “green” buildings q Develop CFD/BPS METHOD and TECHNIQUE software
verification methods and tests to reduce real differences in software results due to algorithm differencesq Seek SOFT/HARDware effective coupling methods –
interoperability to activate practical implementation of q CFD/BPS based building intelligence in engineering design, and modeling predictive control
23
24
0
5
10
[kW
h/m
2]Specific Annual Heating Energy Demand in Belgrade kWh/m2
25
Specific heating & cooling loads & specific annual heating and cooling energy demand
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
W/m
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
kWh/
m2
МО0 – model of the building approximately as it is today; МО1 - МО5 are the models of the building with improved energy efficiency construction; М – model in accordance with the DHS energy consumption monitor.ing data (measured at the DHS substation’s heat exchanger).
26
Total installed PV 180.2 kW – 1/3rd of could power all existing AC split units in building
RES Integrated Refurbishment - Ground water Heat pump powered by BIPV or BIPV/T
27
Architectural Concepts for Refurbished EnEff - Energy Efficient Building Envelope
28
Energy and Environmental Study
Ozone & Climate Friendly
ECO Village Zagora in Montenegro at the Adriatic sea 129 m above
At the site no electricity no waterSolution Desalination and RES:
Wind, Solar, Sea
Buildiing’s envelope & construction structures optimization
MO1 k= 0.595 W/m2K
MO2 MO3 MO4k=0.54 W/m2K
k=1.04 W/m2K k=0.26 W/m2K
k=1.08 W/m2K
k=0.05 W/m2K
k=1.1 W/m2K
Without HVAC system has been investigated and determined indoor space temperature variations
"free floating"
regime for TMY
Yearly profile of bedroom air temperature of medium size house
MO1 up Tmax=48,5oC MO7 dw Tmax=35,3oC
Bioclimatic Architecture & Buildings Dynamics of Thermal Behavior of Construction by the BPS
31
Waste water heat utilization by the heat pump and heat recovery
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 501 1001 1501 2001 2501 3001 3501 4001 4501 5001 5501 6001 6501 7001 7501 8001 8501
Hour (h)
Tem
pera
ture
( oC
)
Mean daily global solar radiation in horizontal plane
Mean hourly values of outside air temperature
BELGRADE Serbia - WMO Station 132720 N 44° 49‘, E 20° 16‘, GMT +1.0 HoursElevation 99m asl, St.Pr. -- 100141PaMDBTemperature 34.0°C on Jun 15MDBTemperature -19.0°C on Dec 24
MANAMA Bahrain - WMO Station 411500N 26° 16‘, E 50° 39‘, GMT +3.0 HoursElevation 2m asl, St. Pr. -- 101301PaMDBTemperature 41.9°C on Jul 21MDBTemperature 10.2°C on Jan 12
MOSCOW Russia - WMO Station 276120N 55° 45‘, E 37° 37‘, GMT +3.0 HoursElevation 156m asl, St. Pr. -- 99465PaMDBTemperature 30.6°C on July 13MDBTemperature -25.2°C on Feb 15
SINGAPORE - SGP - WMO Station 486980N 1° 22‘, E 103° 58‘, GMT +8.0 HoursElevation 16m asl with St.Pr. -- 101133PaMDBTemperature of 33.8°C on Apr 23MDBTemperature of 21.0°C on Sep 8
Annual Heating & Cooling Energy Demand
Cooling HeatingkWh
M1 M7 MVV7 M1 M7 MVV7
18697 7601 4755 18964 14221 11209
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
kWh
1M01 M07 MVV7
M01M07MVV7
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
KWh
1
MO1 MO7 MVV7
MO1MO7MVV7
Cooling
Heating
Temperature-depth sea water profile for heat pump heating and cooling operation analysis
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10012
14
16
18
20
22
24
26 South Adriatic Sea Water Temperatures
Dubina (m)
Temperatura (˚C)
Desalinization
35
Energy Glob Award Serbia 2013Ozone & Cimate Friendly
Zero CO2 Emission
Sustainable ECO Village Zagora
Specific Heat Losses
Specific Heat Gains
YYY Y
YY Y Y
38
Geothermal, Ground Water and Geo-sonds via Heat Pumps for HVAC
Operational Energy Costs of Scenarios Models Savings Optimization results – Simple payback periodScenarios -Model
Investment(Din)
InvestmentIncrease
(Din)
Energy Saving
(Din/year)
Energy Costs(Din/year)
A MO0 5284832 1678299
A MO01 3600972 - 1683860 219978 1458321
A MO1 3138034 - 2146808 294917 1383382
B MO2 3476634 - 1808198 1009327 668972
C MO1 3113076 - 2171756 1038527 639772
C MO2 3143076 - 2141756 1128332 549967
40Belgrade Aviation Museum
A Treasury Of History
PV GWHP 125 kW Operational Power is lower than the PV 163,3 kWWhole electricity demand Is smaller than potential PV produced energy.
excellent potential
very high potential
medium to high potential
moderate potential
Low potential
Integrated Energy Systems - Geothermal Energy in Europe
Innovative Kalina power cycle
Schematic arrangement of a Kalina power cycle with a counter-current absorber
Simplified scheme of the co-generation, alternatively tri-generation unit SOLAR ASSISTED GEO based on the installed Kalina system in Husavic-Iceland.
43
Combined distributed and central energy generation
Storage
Photovoltaics power plant
Windpowerplant
House with domestic CHP
Powerqualitydevice
Storage
Central power station
House
Factory Commercialbuilding
Local CHP plant
Storage
Storage
Powerqualitydevice
FlowControl
Transmission Network
Distribution Network
YesterdayTomorrow: distributed/ on-site generation
with fully integrated network management
Central power station
RES Integrated Zero & Energy Plus BuildingsZero CO2 Emission and ZE or EP New & Refurbished Buildings need total energy loads miniaturization, as RES integrated energy system’s efficient and economical introduction must be preceded by:
Energy efficiency optimization to the level of minimum energy demands - achieved by the aggregate application of all known available technical measures:
q Energy efficient RES HVAC/other technical systems technologies and equipment.
Most current new IT knowledge and technologies:q Particularly in construction sector can be crucial. q Loads and demands prediction and controlq Distributed energy generation & storage with the utilities
energy production and distribution harmonization - Smart grid control – realization
Science Behind & Beyond Solar Decathlon Europe 2012
ENB SI A milestone of the energy plus buildings of the future
Andalucia Patio 2.12 No.1 Energy Efficiency
Bucharest PRISPA
SDE 2014 Energy Efficiency Jury Harrison FRAKERChosen as the fifth Dean of the College of Environmental Design in University of California - Berkeley, he was educated as an architect and urban designer at Princeton and Cambridge Universities and is recognized as a pioneer in passive solar, daylighting [...]Thierry Salomon French energy engineer. He is the co-founder and development manager of Izuba Energies, a cooperative involved in energy control and renewable energy use. [...]
Marija S. Todorovic Has a Ph.D.Sci. at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, a specialization at the Institute for Thermodynamic and Refrigeration, Technical University Berlin, and conducts postdoctoral research at the UC Berkeley. [...]
Solar Decathlon Europe Winners 2012 & 2014
Team Rhône Alpes - Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - Press kitTeam Rhône Alpes - Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - Press kit 22 23
Canopea® in Presqu’île: an urban ecosystem
The prototype Canopea®: the two
Canopea® Project in Grenoble Presqu’île
Team Rhône Alpes - Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - Press kitTeam Rhône Alpes - Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - Press kit 22 23
Canopea® in Presqu’île: an urban ecosystem
The prototype Canopea®: the two
Canopea® Project in Grenoble Presqu’île
2012 Canopea Nanotowers of the City, Grenoble
RhOME aims at developing a , respectful of the old and recent architectural tradition of the city.
Rome is a where outdoor space is comfortable for at least 8 or 9 months of the year. Romans love to be outside. RhOME wants to take advantage of this climate condition and attitude of dwellers designing a residential space where the boundary between inside and outside is blurred. And to give the possibility to live outdoor even to people that are living far from the ground, that would not have a garden.
The device that is used to this purpose is the Loggia.Loggias are a traditional element of Mediterranean architecture. Each RhOME apartment features two loggias, located on opposite facades of the building, to optimize natural ventilation, and to provide a rich and well balanced natural lighting.
Unlike many recent examples, RhOME . They have at least two or sometimes three glazed sides. When open, they introduce
all the spaces that lie around them.
Architectural
JURY REPORT
the boundary between
inside and outside is blurred
2014 ROME - inside and Outside boundaries
blurred
Solar Decathlon Europe 2014q In Paris, 20 universities student teams competed with
their designed, constructed and operational Energy Plus houses in 10 categories.
q Architectural aesthetics and ending with the Energy balance and energy efficiency.
q Review of technical solutions of solar houses energy supply systems, energy efficiency and energy balances, as well as HVAC system design creativity, related approaches to the loads and energy demands minimization, harmonization of passive and active indoor environment control, innovations and sustainability taking in account life cycle and embodied energy
q An outstanding effective applied science and challenging engineering teaching tool.
SDE 2014 ATC - Fertile City From Nantes Philéa the concept of a Fertile City as ATC proposal to the architectural/social issues of today and tomorrow. Urban sprawl must be controlled in our cities to preserve our precious arable lands, needed for agricultural purposes.
A second objective is to reduce urban commuting, which wastes time and energy and creates pollution and loneliness. The third main objective is to reconnect people together at a local level
DEL – Delft Home with a skin improve housei
Preserve your home - In the Netherlands every year 13000 houses are demolished & are built new. Those - left consume a massive amount of energy & are un- sustainable. DEL leads interventions to reach a certain maximum from energy to food production as well as a minimum in terms of waste for example.
Thus, the new green zones to be implemented provide the citizens with food by fruit trees and bushes and various vegetable plants on the ground level. That region is
known for food production is an important reference point that Pret-a-Loger would like to
build on and exploit.
Schneider Micro grid - Smart Grid
Solar Decathlon 2014 Energy Balance
!
!
Employing A High Percentage Of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Supplies
Shall Adopt Innovative And Improved Technical And
Socio-economic Approaches To CHP-RES Based “Green Electricity”,
Clean Heating, Cooling Or Both And
Integrated Energy Distribution Networks, Including Combinations With
Conventional Large Scale Energy Distribution.
Sustainable urban & rural communities
DE Countries Grouping neighborhoods
q Undeveloped Rural Areas (URA) - undeveloped rural areas with traditional buildings,
q Mixed Suburban Areas (MSUA) - mixed, combined poor and higher standard suburban areas with residential and mixed suburban residential/commercial/industrial buildings - mix of traditional and contemporary constructed buildings and
q Mixed Urban Areas (MEA) - in, more or less intensive development phase, urban areas encompassing mainly residential, commercial and public buildings – mix of older existing, historic and some heritage buildings and contemporary new buildings, surrounded by a suburban mix of poverty and luxurious. Presence of district heating and cooling.
q Dense Urban Areas (DUA) - urban areas with
Solar Heating of Air for Drying Agricultural Products
Active Solar Dryer
Passive & Active Solar Dryer
Convective Solar dryers powered by SAMTECSolar dryers
which become self powered
and controlled - by the
addition of CSR - AMTEC
units
Large Scale Residential/municipal RES Integrated Refurbishment R&D Needsq Arch/construction engineering optimization of building’s
structure renovation via IBD including construction technologies and BIPV, BIPV/T or other RES integration, as well as subsystems of buildings services, HVAC & mixed DHS - RES supply.
q BPS & CS R&D&V to allow various aspects of buildings refurbishment to be modeled enabling evaluation of increased functionality & flexibility aimed to development of the integrated simulation-based analysis/optimization of innovative IB/HVAC systems technologies in synergy with IEQ and IAQuality.
q Optimization of the refurbishment measures packages for different buildings construction types and existing HVAC and energy supply systems with the reference to the “Universal EE index relevant to the NZEB criteria & metrics”.
q Optimization and validation of new compact technical solutions, products/systems of EEI measures and RES integrated buildings/HVAC & technical system (coupled DHS and PV powered HP); Codes and standards.
q R&D related to the design and optimisation of an intelligent, integrated building’s/HVAC/HP/DH systems control with interoperable features; Measuring, monitoring evaluation of retrofitting including economics: cost-effectiveness of the refurbishment implementing NZEB calculation method; determination of the embedded energy analysis and referential Green accounting.
q Measuring technical characterization and verification of buildings structures activation and multi-functionality: relevant properties for every of distinct type of activation and measurements of relevant processes (Fluid Flow, Heat & Mass Transfer, etc.) thermal and electrical output of the structures in prototypical building constructions over a relevant range of operating conditions
Heritage in S-East Europe Innovative aspects of the project – Inextricable linkage of
the heritage protection and sustainability Global Warming mitigation via RES & energy efficiency
action planning’s targets and realization Integrating Sustainability and Cultural and Natural
Heritage Conservation & Enhancement to Develop Sustainable Zero Carbon Emission Resort Model, developing also Sustainable Nearly Zero Energy Commercial Activities
To found programs of summer schools on the harmonious rural and urban sustainable development
To Energy-history land around the Senj mine – eco museum.
To develop spaleologycal explorations, hiking, hunting and fishery,..
SMART GRID STORAGE TECHNOLOGYThe smart grid storage technology refers to the method used to store electricity on a large scale with integration of smart grid system.
The electricity is stored during off-peak load hours and is delivered during on-peak load hours enabling to balance demand-supply mismatch and reduces power outages.
Main types of storage technologies are:q Lead-acid, q sulphur, q lithium-ion, q supercapacitors, and q flow wheel storage technology.
The reports analysts forecast the Global Smart Grid Storage Technologies market to grow at a CAGR of 38 percent over the period 2013-2018.