harold goodwin
DESCRIPTION
Palestra apresentada RTD6 - 6a Conferência Internacional de Turismo Responsável em Destinos, Universidade de São Paulo, 2012.TRANSCRIPT
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Professor Dr Harold Goodwin
Ten Years of Responsible Tourism 2002-2012
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The challenge…..
to use tourism to achieve sustainable development
sustainable development through tourism
the aspiration of Responsible Tourism is to use tourism rather than to be used by it.
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What is Responsible Tourism?
To use tourism to make “… better places for people to live in better places for people to visit”To make
Cape Town Declaration
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Our holidays their homes
Tourism in unusual in that it is an “export industry” where consumers travel to the factory to consume the product.
But there is pollution – negative impacts
Opportunities for additional sales of goods and services: added value – broad based growth
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Jost Krippendorf The Holiday Makers
Vision: to develop and promote new forms of tourism, which will bring the greatest possible benefit to all the participants - travellers, the host population and the tourist business, without causing intolerable ecological and social damage.
All forms of tourism can be more responsible.
Global thinking - local action
as infectious as possible – because “Orders and prohibitions will not do the job - because it is not a bad conscience that we need to make progress, but positive experience, not the feeling of compulsion but that of responsibility”.
Need rebellious tourists and rebellious locals
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Culture & Tourism
“Your everyday life is someone else’s adventure”
Swedish NGO fly-posting in Ljubljana, Summer 1997
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Some principles
All forms of tourism can be more responsible
Tourism is what we make it – producers and consumers
Tourism is not a commodity – there is no global market
We are responsible for what tourism is.
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All forms of tourism can be more responsible
Economic – employment and local economic benefit, linkages
Social – urban drift, youth, heritage, “thriving destinations”
Environmental - local priorities and the global priority of carbon emissions
Engaging guestsEnhancing the guest experience
sustainability
Competitive advantage
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Responsible Tourism is NOT a brand or a product range Ecotourism might or might not be
responsibleCommunity-based Tourism might
or might not be responsibleAll inclusive holidays might or
might not be responsibleAll forms of tourism can be more or
less responsible
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What is the purpose of tourism? What is it for? More: GrowthArrivals/
spend/yieldIndividualBusiness Community Government
Conservation Development Creation of
Employment Maintenance of
Heritage Taxation Regeneration
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It has moved beyond the niches.. Tour Operators Airlines Airports Hotels
It has had to because sustainability is a broader agenda – tourism finally having to recognise what is happening in other sectors
It also has to because the emerging middle classes in the BRIC countries and elsewhere want to travel and can afford to do so
Kerala has 0.5 million international tourists and 7 million domestic.
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Destinations
South Africa The Gambia Kerala Myanmar
Bhutan Rwanda
It is not the language that counts – it is the evidence of taking responsibility
of acting alone and together
It is always about individuals
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Cul-de-sacs and Byways
Cul-de-sacs– Ecotourism
• a fragment of the tourism sector
• convenient for the mainstream
• created the myth that the consumer would pay a premium – they wont
– Carbon Offsetting • a medieval pardon• removes the incentive
for the producer to clean up their act
Byways – Green – we need to
tackle environment and development
– Endless attempts at definition and list making
• Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria
• Procrastination while effort goes into the definition
• and there is still no operational definition of sustainable tourism
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Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO) 2000
… we recognize that in carrying out our work as Tour Operators we have a responsibility to respect other people’s places and ways of life.
We acknowledge that wherever a Tour Operator does business or sends clients it has a potential to do both good and harm, &
we are aware that all too often in the past the harm has outweighed the good.
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Responsible Travel takes a variety of forms, it is characterised by travel and tourism which
1. minimises negative environmental, social and cultural impacts;
2. generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the wellbeing of host communities, by improving working conditions and access to the industry;
3. involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances.
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Cape Town Declaration 20024. makes positive contributions to the
conservation of natural and cultural heritage and to the maintenance of the world’s diversity;
5. provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural and environmental issues;
6. provides access for physically challenged people; and
7. is culturally sensitive and engenders respect between tourists and hosts.
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Sustainable Development of Tourism
Applicable to all forms of tourism1. Make optimal use of
environmental resources2. Respect the socio-cultural
authenticity of host communities 3. Provide socio-economic benefits
to all stakeholders
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Sustainable Development of Tourism
Continuous process requires Informed participation of all
stakeholders & strong political leadership High level of tourist satisfaction
WTO Conceptual Definition 2004
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T our O perator I nbound O perator H otelier/
A ccommodation
Local/
N at ional
Government
A ttr act ion
M anagers
N at ional Parks/
H eritage
Local
Community
T our ists
T ravellers
H olidaymakers
T aking and Exercising Responsibility
Economic, S ocial & Environmental
Pr inciple of S ustainablity
W T O Global Code of E thics
Taking responsibility
You cannot outsource responsibility ..
Whose responsibility? Everyone’s
Nobody’s
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A “movement” Broad range of individual groups, a
spectrum of groups Moving at different speeds but in one
general direction using a variety of approaches
Global Code of Ethics & Cape Town Declaratio
Moving from A => B: CHANGE All forms of tourism can be more responsible diverse: particular to cultures, places and
organisations Means different things in different
destinations and originating markets; informed - active – consumers & producers
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“Sustainable and Responsible”
Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Tourism are not the same thing
Responsible Tourism is about taking responsibility for achieving sustainable development through tourism.
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Taking responsibility
It is free – you can take as much of it as you can handle
It is to respondPositive and Negative connotationsIndividuals take responsibility If you can make a difference …………….. is there an imperative?
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The Business Cases for Responsible Tourism
The right thing to do
Minimising riskLicense to operateProduct quality Cost savings Staff morale Market Advantage
Market Advantage
Experience – richer– more authentic – guilt free
Differentiation and PR– Reputation – Referrals – Repeats
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Tipping Point 2006 1200 nomination for RT Awards Google “R. Tourism” 29,200,000 First Choice published its objectives and
progress on Sustainable Tourism – at home and abroad.
Need to maintain the concept and push the envelope – integrity is now the priority
First plagiarism of RT Policy
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1. minimises negative economic, environmental and social impacts
2. generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the well being of host communities; improves working conditions and access to the industry
3. involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances
4. makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage embracing diversity
5. provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural, social and environmental issues
6. provides access for physically challenged people 7. is culturally sensitive, encourages respect between
tourists and hosts, and builds local pride and confidence
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Responsible Tourism AwardsThe Responsible Tourism Awards were founded in 2004 to celebrate and inspire change in the tourism industry.
The Awards rest on a simple principle – that all types of tourism, from niche to mainstream, can and should be organised in a way that preserves, respects and benefits destinations and local people.
They have attracted over 10,000 nominations from members of the public, leading to 201 unique organisations Awarded from 51 countries around the world.
www.responsibletourismawards.com
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Responsible Tourism
is not about long check lists it is about identifying the
economic, social and environmental issues which matter locally and tackling them
the only global issue is climate change
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Taking Responsibility
Define priorities – Issues – local
– Issues where tourism can make a difference
Determine responsibilities
Apply consequential thinking – unintended consequences
Set targets and measure impacts
Responsibility is free you can take as much of it you can handle.
But others can undermine it.
There is a role for government and regulation to control the free riders
Take responsibility: ACT
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Drivers of Change
Consumer demand for “richer” engagement with destinations and the communities who live there.
Broader consumer trends in originating markets People want guilt free holidays – particularly at
times of maximum indulgence Changes in the investment climate Demands from those in the industry and on the
margins of it. Legislation and regulation Demands of people in the destination
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“Green” aspirations of consumers – international comparisons
Drawing on CTC Global Tourism Watch Year 3, 2009 data the research program was implemented in ten global
markets – Canada, the US, Mexico, the UK, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Australia and China
residents aged 18 and older, who have taken a pleasure trip where they stayed at least one night in paid accommodations in the past three years, or who plan to take such a trip in the next two years
a web-based panel survey was conducted with approximately 1,500 long-haul pleasure travellers, with a quota of 200 to 300 recent visitors to Canada (past three years) set for each market.
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As part of an authentic experience that explores a destination’s natural and cultural heritage I am willing to pay a higher price for an environmentally friendly travel option over one that is not
Mexico 53%
China 56%
Korea 57%
France 45%
Germany 37%
Japan 41%
USA 31%
Canada 28%
Australia 25%
UK 26%
1. There are only particular markets
2. All travel choices are aspirational – constrained by price.
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Experiential Tourism
The experience economySeeking memorable experiencesDriving increased tourismViral marketing
Engagement in culture, community and the environment
Shared product of host and guest Quality, depth, create memories
You can taste the difference
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Challenges Originating MarketsDestinations Challenging green washingDemanding transparency and
accountability – beyond labelling Responsible Tourism Reporting Aviation Child protection
Glocal
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Angkor Wat
www.aRTyforum.info
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www.haroldgoodwin.info/links.htmlTaking Responsibility for Tourism by Goodwin ISBN 978-1-906884-39-0© 2011 Goodfellow Publishers
Taking Responsibility for Tourism by Harold Goodwin
www.takingresponsibilityfortourism.info
www.haroldgoodwin.info
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Further information www.haroldgoodwin.info www.icrtourism.org www.wtmwrtd.com www.aRTyforum.info www.responsibletourismpartnership.org www.icrtourism.org/Capetown.shtml www.responsibletourismpartnership.org/KeralaDeclaration.html
www.irresponsibletourism.info www.responsibletravel.com [email protected]
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UK Consumer Demand 1999Importance in determining holiday choice (%) H M LAffordable cost 82 12 3
Good weather 78 14 5
Quality hotel and facilities 71 15 8
Good information on social, economic & local
42 30 23
Significant opportunity for interaction 37 37 23
Designed to minimise environmental damage
32 34 27
Company has ethical policies 27 34 30
Repeat client - used the company before 26 30 38
Ipsos-RSL on behalf of Tearfund November 1999 (n=2032)