RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................3

1.1 Research Overview................................................................................................................3

1.2 Theoretical Framework and Research Rationale...................................................................3

1.3 Research Focus......................................................................................................................4

1.3.1 Research objectives........................................................................................................4

1.3.2 Research questions..........................................................................................................4

2 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................5

2.1 Reenactment Tourism............................................................................................................5

2.2 Reenactment and Living History...........................................................................................5

2.3 Push and Pull Motivations.....................................................................................................6

2.4 Motivational Theories............................................................................................................6

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................7

3.1 Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................8

3.2 Research Method...................................................................................................................8

3.3 Data Collection......................................................................................................................8

3.3.1 Primary Data...................................................................................................................8

3.3.2 Secondary Data...............................................................................................................9

3.4 Sampling................................................................................................................................9

3.5 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................9

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

APPENDIX A: MASLOW’S THEORY.......................................................................................12

APPENDIX B: PUSH AND PULL THEORY..............................................................................12

APPENDIX C: QUESTIONNAIRE..............................................................................................13

1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage and cultural landscapes bestow a noteworthy portion of the destination’s classifiable

cultural indistinguishability (Carnegie and McCabe, 2006). Re-enactment traverses various

history-themed genres, from dramatic and living history executions to films, television, and

museum exhibits (Janes, 2008). As a consequence of re-enactments of heritage and cultural

landscapes, recreations and representation of heritage and cultural events at different historical

destinations have developed in UK.

1.1 Research Overview

Each nation possesses its particular historical events, and numerous individuals have a typical

enthusiasm for history (Agnew, 2004) that can run from the appreciation local heritage to interest

with a timeline that includes numerous cultures (Cook, 2004). What is not readily apparent to the

mind is whether it is just the fascination toward historical events that persuades individuals to

visit authentic reenactment destinations and events or if there are different variables that go about

as vital motivational impacts for exploring historical reenactment sites.

1.2 Theoretical Framework and Research Rationale

The 'living history' has turned into a critical educational instrument and legacy scenes play an

important part of the place's classifiable cultural identity (Carnegie and McCabe, 2006). The

differing qualities of guest encounters have permitted more visitors and people to explore

authentic places, communities, individual stories and thoughts that shape the physical and social

environment (Janes, 2008). Conceiving that travelers are getting to be real part players in

reenactment tourism, this study looked to determine the pull and push factors for tourists visiting

reenactment type activities in London.

Despite the fact that tourists keep on pursueing different types of tourism, the major challenge is

to create encounters that are remarkable, moderately captivating, and historically important and

socially built (Edgell, 2016). The real errand for the heritage division has been on the

conservation and protection of legacy assets without due thought of socio-economic prospects

ensuing thereof. Subsequently, there is an open door cost coming about because of absence of

alignment of legacy preservation and tourism improvement.

Along these lines, the sustained interest and high level for this theme gets from a broadly held

conviction that the essential managerial foundation for achievement ought to be characterized as

far as level of fulfillment (Baker and Crompton, 2000) yet it appears to be intuitively lucid that

various studies directed on verifiable re- enactment as a recreation interest, have discovered no

empirical confirmation on push and pull elemets behind exploring re-enactment destinations in

London.

1.3 Research Focus

The aim of this study is to critically assess the motivational push and pull factors that impact the

decision making process of people to visit the reenactment activities with the case of London

Dungeon.

1.3.1 Research objectives

To inquire the factors those implicate the decision making process of people to visit

reenactment activities

To inquire the pull factors those implicate the decision making process of people to visit

the London Dungeon

To inquire the push factors those implicate the decision making process of people to visit

the London Dungeon

To perceive the role of London Dungeon in the tourism of London

1.3.2 Research questions

What are the pull and push factors that impact people’s decision to visit London

Dungeon?

What is the role of London Dungeon in the tourism of London?

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter will discourse the applicable research and literature on historical reenactment to

demonstrate the foundation of this study.

2.1 Reenactment Tourism

Reenactment constitutes an action through the players reproduce certain parts of a historical

period or a historical event (Guha, 2009). The delegacy of cultural heritage in these structures

makes a one of a kind arrangement of associations between heritage and tourists organizations,

local communities, and landscapes (Vargas-Hernández, 2012). In the later past, nevertheless, re-

enactment activities have been subjugated to expanded criticism and verbal confrontation as to

their meaning and educational value and for their commitment to apprehensions of social legacy

in post-modern societies.

Hunt (2004) distinguished chronicled re- enactment as a recreation interest and characterized it

as a type of tourism where explorers get a chance to draw in inventively to become players.

Researchers have demonstrated that culture and social legacy are pivotal to individuals' identity,

dignity, and sense of pride. The societies of reenactment indicate a place that is owned /

temporarily leased to depicting chronicled situations (Endresen, 1999). This can be portrayed as

history treated through local pride, nationalism, ideology, romantic ideas, mythology, or just

marketing, into a trade good (Crang, 1996).

2.2 Reenactment and Living History

The principal objective when contriving the reenactment moment as live legacy elucidation is

staged, in the point of view of numerous societies of reenactment, by the preoccupation, the

credibility for imitating as most precise as could reasonably be expected, the script, the dialect,

the outfits and materials close to exact (if not indistinguishable) to the period/timeline recreated

(Endresen, 1999). In recreating, more than in different circumstances, the necessitation that

legacy understanding shows itself as a craftsmanship is more practical, and as Tilden (1977)

emphasized, in a similar way could be educated or exchanged further on. Investigating what

guests hope to encounter with heritage elucidation through reenactment events, a few researchers

underlined the fact that group of onlookers' desires, in their information and nature content, were

exceptionally different (Austin, 2002).

Researchers characterizing legacy destinations conceiving their geographical indistinguishability

(Howard, 2003) emphasize the fact that a land space has numerous cultural identities from

various history periods, numerous narrating viewpoints and to uncover reality and the various

"place's spirits." In this regard a solid presentation is insufficient to cover the distinctive cultural

elements of a place, the veracities inside furthermore insufficient for the guest's desires (Poria et

al., 2009). A space has a scope of numerous implications which should be exhibited keeping in

mind the end goal to make a genuine and complete vision of that specific space.

  2.3 Push and Pull Motivations

Pull-and-Push travel inspirations assume an essential part for people in deciding where and when

to visit (Crompton, 1979). Push components are interior drives that rouse individuals to travel

and they are and non-destination-specific and general dimensions. Snepenger et al. (2006)

discovered that intrapersonal escape, intrapersonal seeking, personal escape, and personal

seeking were remarkable characteristic motivational push elements for tourism conduct.

Conversely, pull components denote the allure and particular elements of the destination

conceived by potential voyagers that draw in individuals to travel once the choice has been

devised. For instance, environmental quality, friendliness of people, relaxed atmosphere, and

warm climate were imperative pull components for tourism conduct (Klenosky, 2002).

2.4 Motivational Theories

The investigation of motivation for reenactment tourism necessitates a fundamental

comprehension of theories of motivation and how it employs it to different tourism forms. Some

of the popular theories were discussed below:

Maslow grouped human needs into two classes: lower needs and higher needs. Higher

classifications relate to development needs, and the lower need classifications are inadequacy

needs. This necessitate order ranges from physiological and survival needs to social (or esteem)

needs, lastly to self-actualization necessitations (Maslow, 1954). As indicated by this theory,

self-realization can be a deciding motivational element just if every other need have been

fulfilled. On the off chance that there is a contention between necessities at various levels of

hierarchy, the lower level needs prevail (APPENDIX A).

Dann (1977) found that an inclination had been shown by travelers toward pull compenents

trying to clarify why sightseers travel. Thus, push compenents, identified with a variable

arrangement of necessities, are regularly either set in suspension or given negligible thought. As

indicated by Crompton (1979), numerous dialogs of visitor motivation have spun around the

constructs of push and pull. Customarily, push intentions have been considered helpful for

explicating the craving to go on a trip, while pull intentions have been considered helpful for

explicating the option of destination (APPENDIX B).

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

These researches considered the motivational factors of push and pull that impact individuals to

engage in reenactment activities and to explore. Research methodology is a methodical

arrangement for conducting research. This section portrays the research design, which

incorporates research method, strategy, development of the questionnaire, strategies for directing

the study, and measurable investigation of the gathered information.

Research Onion (Saunders et al, 2009)

3.1 Research Philosophy

Research philosophy is the phenomenon by which an exploration is carried out or written. There

are three noteworthy philosophies of research which corroborate the research technique

including interpretivism, positivism, and pragmatism (Collis and Hussey, 2009). This study

assumes positivism as this philosophy employs with a perceptible social reality having the effect

of the final result of this examination can be law-like generalizations like those created by the

natural and physical researchers.

3.2 Research Method

Research methods fall into two major types including qualitative and quantitative method.

Utilization of non-countable information is qualitative. Then again, utilization of denumerable

information is quantitative (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2005). This investigation proposes to utilize

the quantitative research technique. Suitable data collection for this study would be utilizing a

survey questionnaire which is well-structured close-ended inquiries. Data identified with the past

available literature and researc works of the research theme were assembled from various

secondary datasources. Moreover, Ghauri and Gronhaug (2005) stated that, a quantitative

technique is more logical than a qualitative technique.

3.3 Data Collection

The phenomenon of data accumulation is to gathering suitable information about the

examination from specific populace. This investigation utilizes both primary and secondary data.

3.3.1 Primary Data

In this study, the research method will be quantitative and the research strategy will be survey

method. The quantitative primary information will be a descriptive in type. A standard survey

questionnaire will guarantee likeness of the information, increment accuracy and speed of

recording and encourage information handling. An empiric survey process will be carried out in

London Dungeon during the months of November and December 2016. The close-ended

questionnaire will be constituted of 13 questions to assess the push and pull components. The

survey will be established on a survey questionnaire which will be devised and investigated in

light of comparable studies directed on the research topic. Most inquiries will be devised on a

five point Likert scale. The sample questionnaire is provided in Appendix C.

3.3.2 Secondary Data

Secondary data are likewise useful in outlining consequent primary research and, also, can

render a benchmark which to equate about the primary data gathering outcomes. Subsequently, it

is constantly shrewd to start any research action with a critique of the secondary information

(Novak, 1996). This study intends to utilize some of the major secondary sources including

technical reports, official statistics, books, reports, websites, and journals etc.

3.4 Sampling

Surveys will be maneuvered on the site of London Dungeon and the testing sampling will be the

visitors of London Dungeon. In picking up the sample, survey forms were disseminated just to

the individuals who were willing and ready to fill in the poll. A sum of 100 surveys will be self-

administered by the researcher to guarantee an exceptional yield rate. To guarantee obscurity of

the outcome, all survey information will be kept entirely classified, members' names won't be

required in the questionnaire (optional), participation in the study will be deliberate and members

will be given an alternative to stop their support whenever.

This sample size of this research is spiled to 100 as the researcher sternly trusts that high sample

size will render better opinion and base. Sample determination is noteworthy to find out the

quality and the unwavering quality of the data. Random sampling is utilized in the research as a

random sample will be parable of the aggregate populace. This investigation has favored this

method with a specific end goal to demolish inclination by managing all respondents an

equivalent chance to be selected.

3.5 Data Analysis

Once the data was gathered, the following critical stride was to examine the gathered information

and make an interpretation of that into numbers or numerical values for factual examination

(DePoy and Gitlin, 2005). In other words, the estimation procedure is fundamentally building up

an operational resolution of the concept. This survey used a five point Likert-type scale of

measurement. This study intends to use Microsoft Excel to analyze the questionnaire responses

from the research respondents.

REFERENCES

Agnew, (2004). What Is reenactment?. Published by Criticism, Vol(46)3.

Baker, Crompton, (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Published by Annals of

Tourism Research, (27)3.

Carnegie, McCabe, (2006). Cultural Landscapes in the 21st Century. Presented at the UNESCO

University.

Collis, Hussey, (2009). Business Research. Published by Palgrave Macmillan, USA.

Cook, (2004). The Use and Abuse of Historical Reenactment. Published by Criticism, Vol(46)3.

Crang, (1996). Historical Reenactment. Published by Annals of Tourism Research, (46)3.

David Edgell, (2016). Managing Sustainable Tourism. Published by Routledge, UK.

DePoy, Gitlin, (2005). Introduction to Research. Published by Elsevier Mosby, USA.

Endresen, (1999). Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Heritage. Published by New World Hope

Organization.

Ghauri, Gronhaug, (2005). Research methods in Business studies. USA:Prentice Hall.

Hunt, (2004).'living history' as a serious leisure pursuit. Published byJournal of Leisure Studies,

Vol(23)4.

Janes, (2008). Beyond a tourist gaze?. Published by Journal of Research in International

Education Vol(7)1.

Novak, (1996). Secondary Data Analysis. Published by Telnet.

Vargas- Hernández, (2012). A normative model for sustainable cultural and heritage tourism in

regional development of Southern Jalisco. Published by Innovative Journal of Business and

Management.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: MASLOW’S THEORY

APPENDIX B: PUSH AND PULL THEORY

APPENDIX C: QUESTIONNAIRE