INDIA’S POPULATION

Introduction India is a union of twenty-eight states and seven union

territories.As of 2011, with an estimated population of 1.21 billion, India is the world's second most populated country after the People's Republic of China. India occupies 2.4 percent of the world's land surface area and is home to 17.5 percent of the world's population.[2] The eastern and western coastal regions of Deccan plateau are also densely populated regions of India. The Thar desert in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and north-eastern states along the Himalayas contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have less population density due to indomitable physical barriers.The total population in India was last recorded at 1217.0 million people in 2012 from 359.0 million in 1950, changing 239 percent during the last 50 years. Population in India is reported by the Central Statistical Organization, India. From 1950 until 2012, India Population averaged 728.6 Million reaching an all time high of 1217.0 Million in December of 2012 and a record low of 359.0 Million in December of 1950. The population of India represents 17.99 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 6 people on the planet is a resident of India.

OVERPOPULATION Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing

human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation is caused by number of factors. Reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, depletion of precious resources are few of the causes which results in overpopulation. It is possible for a sparsely populated area to become densely populated if it is not able to sustain life.

Growing advances in technology with each coming year has affected humanity in many ways. One of these has been the ability to save lives and create better medical treatment for all. A direct result of this has been increased lifespan and the growth of the population. In the past fifty or so years, the growth of population has boomed and has turned into overpopulation. In the history of our species, the birth and death rate have always been able to balance each and maintain a population growth rate that is sustainable.

Since the time of the Bubonic Plague in the 1400′s, the growth of population has been on a constant increase. Between the time of the plague and the 21st century, there was been hundreds and thousands of wars, natural calamities and man-made hazards. However, none of these have made a dent on the population. Developing nations face the problem of overpopulation more than developed countries, but it affects most of the Earth as of now. When we are talking about overpopulation, we should first understand the causes of it.

Problems caused due to OVERPOPULATION Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of overpopulation are

quite severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of the current needs. Most of the environmental damage being seen in the last fifty odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet.

Degradation of Environment: With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started producing some serious effects on our environment. Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have badly affected the quality of air. Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads to global warming.

High Cost of Living: As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare. This means that people have to pay more to survive and feed their families.

Rise in Unemployment: When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to crime as people will steal various items to feed their family and provide them basic amenities of life.

Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain on the resources it should be utilizing for development. Conflicts over water are becoming a source of tension between countries, which could result in wars. It causes more diseases to spread and makes them harder to control.

Increased crime rate, Poverty, Pollution, Spread of various diseasesCongestion of land, Deforestation, etc

Growth of population in INDIA• Population of India :- Pre-independence India’s population growth caught a faster pace in the third decade of 19th century. Until

1920, India’s population growth was steady due to heavy loss of human life due to wars, famines and epidemics. The population level arouse since 1921 due to advancement of technology and control forms to combat famine and epidemics making such high losses of mankind.For the first time since the setup of systematic census in 1881, India’s population enhanced by more than 10% in a decade with census,1931 enumeration a population of 279 million.

• Population of India:- Post independence – Present When India attained independence with a population of 345 million it faced a series of

challenges in every aspect of statecraft. Due to much controversial partition 8 million refugees had come into the country from what was now Pakistan, which was population surplus.At the time of independence, India was termed as an agricultural country because of the vast majority of masses residing in rural areas while few percent of the population dwelled in urban towns and as agriculture was the chief source of income-India being a fertile land.Since independence, the population of India has more than tripled itself.Since 1950, India’s total fertility rate accounted to 6(children/woman) approx.Since 1952, India has been continuously trying to control its population growth which was increasing at an uncontrolled rate.

GRAPH SHOWING POPULATION

Present scenario: The Facts India with 1.22 billion people is the second most pop ululated country in the world .India

represents apparently 17.30% of the world’s population. With population growth rate flying at 1.58% it’s predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by end of 2030.

More than 50% of India’s current population is below the age of 25.About 72% population lives in village while the rest dwells in towns or urban agglomerations.

The birth rate per 100 people per year is 22.22 births/1000 populations While, Death rate per 1000 individuals per year is 6.4 deaths/1000 populations Fertility rate is 2.72born/woman Infant mortality rate is 30.15 deaths/1000 live births. India has the largest illiterate population of the world

• Implication of growing population in India:• India’s high count on population results in increasingly impoverished and

sub standards for growing segments of the Indian populace.• In the united nations human development index in 2007, India ranked

126th which takes into account social educational and other human living aspects. population growth bearing a direct impact on economy is a controversial debate

• HOW TO COMBAT POPULATION GROWTH INDIA:• Rapid reduction in population growth can be achieved through public awareness and

emancipation of women through imparting knowledge and education to woman and people residing in the rural sectors of India.

• By meeting all felt needs for contraception and reducing the infant and maternal mortality and mortalities that desired reduction in fertility level is achieved.

• CONCLUSION• India is a complex land. A visitor to Delhi might leave with the impression that India is

rapidly becoming a middle-class country with a consumer-oriented and developed lifestyle. But India remains a rural country at the core.Progress has been achieved on many fronts if the size of the population is considered as an impediment.Agricultural production quadrupled during a remarkable transformation of its agricultural segments in the 1960s and 1970s (the “Green Revolution”)

• Nonetheless, almost 50 percent of Indian children are malnourished. The expansion of the healthcare system has raised life expectancy at birth to 63 years from less than 40 years in 1950. But less than half of births are attended by skilled health personnel, and maternal mortality is still high.

• During the 20th century, India’s population growth awoke from the doldrums as real progress was made against disease and hunger. The quarter-billion of 1900 became the 1 billion of 2000. Slowing such unheard-of growth became a national priority from the nation’s beginning, and India can count many successes in that effort.

MADE BY : HARSH SHARMAROLL NO : 16CLASS : VIII-A