Harshavardhan KoreTech ID- TECH54887 28 states

INTRODUCTION BASIC

INFORMATION ABOUT TOPIC

IMPORTANCE OF PROBLEM

“ POVERTY is worst form of violence.” - Mahatma Gandhi

When talking about developing India we used to talk about our Economic development , progress in advanced defense techniques and developing cities but this development is meaningless if 250 billion people in your country go to bed with empty stomach each day. Poverty is one of the major problems in our country. This problem gives rise to many problems like increasing crime rate, farmer suicides etc. Huge segment of our society is lacking basic needs like food , shelter, education, medical facilities. People can pay attention to social and national problems and contribute to national development only if they have enough food to eat, proper houses to live. Although we have huge youth manpower large part of this manpower lacking educational and basic skills. Still our literacy rate is under 75%. That means 25 % of people are uneducated. So poverty become part of society. We have to do something for it. If people have ability to fulfill their basic needs of living and then we can expect them to do something for society and nation.

Poverty in India is widespread. Many people in every part of country are lacking of basic needs of living.

The nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor.

In 2010, the World Bank reported that 32.7% of all people in India fall below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day (PPP) while 68.7% live on less than US$ 2 per day.

According to 2010 data from the United Nations Development Programme, an estimated 29.8% of Indians live below the country's national poverty line. A 2010 report by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) states that 8 Indian states have 421 million poor people

The latest UNICEF data shows that one in three malnourished children worldwide are found in India, while 42% of the nation's children under five years of age are underweight. It also shows that a total of 58% of children under five surveyed were stunted.

POVERTY IN INDIA

INTENSITY OF PROBLEM.

SOME FACTS

Poverty in India

• According to UNISEF till 2009 number of

out of school children is 8.1 million. • The urban areas where India’s middle and

upper classes make their living have seen the greatest degree of economic growth, while the rural areas have lagged further behind.

StatisticsGraphs

In 1947, the average annual income in India was US$619, compared with US$439 for China, US$770 for South Korea, and US$936 for Taiwan. By 1999, the numbers were US$1,818 India; US$3,259 China; US$13,317 South Korea ; and US$15,720 Taiwan, respectively. In other words, the average income in India was not much different from South Korea in 1947, but South Korea became a developed country by the 2000s. At the same time, India was left as one of the world's poorer countries

Causes • High population growth rate – More

population increases demand of resources. In India production rate is much lower than population growth rate. So it is difficult fulfill basic needs of such a huge population

• Dropdown of agriculture growth - Services and industry have grown at double-digit figures, agriculture growth rate has dropped from 4.8% to 2%. About 60% of the population depends on agriculture whereas the contribution of agriculture to the GDP is about 18%.

• Lack of Educational facilities – Many parts of India lacking in proper educational facilities. Many schools lacking teachers and proper infrastructure. Approximately 1.2 million additional teachers need to be recruited to fill this gap. Currently, about 1 in 5 primary school teachers do not have the requisite minimum academic qualification to ensure children’s right to quality learning.

Government policies and inequality in society.• Government policies encouraging farmers to

switch to cash crops, in place of traditional food crops, has resulted in an extraordinary increase in farm input costs, while market forces determined the price of the cash crop. Disproportionately large number of affected farm suicides have occurred with cash crops, because with food crops such as rice, even if the price falls, there is food left to survive on.

• Inequality has reached one of the highest rates India has ever seen. There has been a wealth increase of close to US$1 trillion in the time frame of 2003–2007 in the Indian stock market, while only 4%–7% of the Indian population hold any equity During the time when public investment in agriculture shrank to 2% of the GDP, the nation suffered the worst agrarian crisis in decades, the same time as India became the nation with the second highest number of dollar billionaires.

Causes

• Outlook for poverty alleviation -Eradication of poverty in India is generally only considered to be a long-term goal. Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in the next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle-down effect of the growing middle class. Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs and the increasing empowerment of women and the economically weaker sections of society are also expected to contribute to the alleviation of poverty.

• Educational facilities and awareness – Government should pay attention to educational facilities in backward areas. More important thing is to aware people about importance and opportunities of education.

• Improvement in basic skills – Government can create new centers for training of basic skills for poor people. So that they can use them to earn money and fulfill their basic needs. Examples- Industrial Training Institutes, household production of goods.

• Remove corruption – Due to corruption and faulty and lengthy judiciary system wealthy people can easily loot poor and poor people waste their time in such thing. If judiciary system is pure and fast people can get justice easily.

SOLUTIONS

• Despite all the causes, India currently adds 40 million people to its middle class every year.

• An estimated 300 million Indians now belong to the middle class; one-third of them having emerged from poverty in the last ten years.

• The number of out-of-school children has declined from 25 million in 2003 to 8.1 million in mid–2009.

• According to a 2010 World Bank report, India is on track to meet its poverty reduction goals.

• However by 2015, an estimated 53 million people will still live in extreme poverty and 23.6% of the population will still live under US$1.25 per day. This number is expected to reduce to 20.3% or 268 million people by 2020.

Improvements in poverty reduction

Bibliography

www.cpali.org/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_India

www.unicef.org/india/education.html

www.endpoverty.org/

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