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A quick guide to Harvard Referencing This is the Library’s guide to Harvard referencing. The Library recommends that you check with your tutor before using this guide as they may have produced their own guidelines.

There are two parts to Harvard referencing: 1. Citing within the text - All ideas taken from the work of another (whether

directly quoted or put into your own words) need to be identified within your assignment by adding the author’s surname, year of publication and page number in brackets e.g. The evidence in a recent study (Smith, 2002, p.14) suggests… If you include the author’s name within the text of your assignment you only need to add the year and page number in brackets e.g. In a recent study, Smith (2002, p.14) suggests…

2. Reference List - The reference list goes at the end of your assignment and contains the full information of the sources (books, journals, websites etc.) that you have referred to in your assignment. Reference lists are in alphabetical order by the author’s surname.

Punctuation i.e. full stops, commas, colons etc. are an important part of a reference (see examples in the tables). It is also important to be consistent.

How to Cite and Reference

Books Author(s), editor(s) or organisation. Put the surname followed by their

initials e.g. Legge, K. or Lewis, C.S. If the book was written by an organisation put the full name e.g. British Broadcasting Corporation.

If the book has an editor put ed. in brackets. If it has more than one editor put eds in brackets e.g. (ed.) or (eds.)

Year of publication in brackets e.g. (2010) Title: subtitle. in italics e.g. Human resource management: a critical text If you have accessed it electronically put Online in square brackets e.g.

[Online]. Edition (if not the first). e.g. 2nd edition. Place of publication: e.g. London: Publisher. e.g. Oxford University Press. Page numbers. (only required if it is a chapter from an edited book)

shortened to either p. for one page and pp. for a range of pages e.g. pp. 33-62.

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The following information is only required if you have accessed the book electronically:

Put Available from and the website address e.g. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=155250&src=0

Put Accessed and the date you accessed it in square brackets e.g. [Accessed 23 March 2011].

How to cite and reference books

Books In text citation

Reference list

Single author

(Gold, 2010, p.45)

Gold, J. (2010) Human resource development: theory and practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Two authors (Harrison and Van Hoek, 2011, p.151)

Harrison, A. and van Hoek, R.I. (2011) Logistics management and strategy: competing through the supply chain. 4th edition. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Three or more authors

(Weinberg et al, 2010, p.85)

Weinberg, A., Sutherland, V.J. and Cooper, C.L. (2010) Organizational stress management: a strategic approach. 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

An edited book

(McKnight, 2011, p.102)

McKnight, S. (ed.) Envisioning future academic library services: initiatives, ideas and challenges. London: Facet Publishing.

Chapter from an edited book

(Legge, 2007, p.38)

Legge, K. (2007) HRM: rhetoric, reality and hidden agendas. In: Storey, J. (ed.) Human resource management: a critical text. 3rd edition. London: Thomson pp.33-62.

ebook (Masterman, 2009, p.20)

Masterman, G. (2009) Strategic sports event management [Online]. 2nd edition. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Available from:http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780080949628 [Accessed 15 February 2012].

Chapter from an edited ebook

(Golding, 2010, p.55)

Golding, N. (2010) Strategic human resource management. In: Beardwell, J. and Claydon, T. (eds.) Human resource management: a contemporary approach [Online]. 6th edition. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall, pp.34-82. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=155250&src=0 [Accessed 23 March 2011].

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Journals | Magazines | Newspapers Author of article. Put the surname followed by their initials e.g.

Heneman, H. Year of publication in brackets e.g. (2011) Title of the article e.g. Assessing human resource practice alignment:

a case study. Title of the journal, in italics e.g. Human Resource Management, Volume number e.g. 50 If there is a part, issue, month or season, put this in brackets e.g. (1) If you have accessed it electronically put Online in square brackets

e.g. [Online]. Page numbers e.g. 45-64. You can put pp. for page range e.g. pp.45-

64.

The following information is only required if you have accessed the journal electronically:

Put Available from and the website address e.g. Available from: http://www.ejcl.org/131/art131-3.pdf

Put Accessed and the date you accessed it in square brackets e.g. [Accessed 23 March 2011].

How to cite and reference journals, magazines or newspapers

In text citation Reference list Single author

(Raz, 2010, p.4) Raz, J. (2010) Responsibility and the negligence standard. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 30(1), pp.1-18.

Two authors (Heneman and Milanowski, 2011, p.55)

Heneman, H.G. and Milanowski, A.T. (2011) Assessing human resource practices alignment: a case study. Human Resource Management, 50(1), pp.45-64.

Three or more authors

(Grady et al, 2011, p.25)

Grady, J.L., Entin, E.B., Entin, E.E. and Brunyé, T.T. (2011) Using message framing to achieve long-term behavioural changes in persons with diabetes. Applied Nursing Research, 24(1), pp.22-28.

ejournal (Lloyd, 2009, p.4) Lloyd, I. (2009) Privacy, anonymity and the Internet. Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 13(1) [Online], pp.1-16. Available from: http://www.ejcl.org/131/abs131-3.html [Accessed 15 September 2012].

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Newspaper article

(Woolcock, 2012, p.18)

Woolcock, N. (2012) 50,000 university hopefuls left in limbo. The Times, 23 August, p.18.

Newspaper article accessed online

Olson, L. (2012) Social media security: how to use Twitter and LinkedIn. Independent.co.uk, 12 July 2012 [Online] Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/student/young-entrepreneurs/social-media-security-how-to-use-twitter-and-linkedin-7938609.html [Accessed 12 September 2012].

Websites

Author(s), editor(s) or organisation e.g. BBC News Year of publication e.g. (2011). If the date is not clearly indicated on

the page put undated e.g. (undated) Title of website in italics e.g. Budget 2011. Put Online in square brackets e.g. [Online]. Put Available from and the website address e.g. Available from:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12824055 Put Accessed and the date you accessed it in square brackets e.g.

[Accessed 23 March 2011].

How to cite and reference information on the Internet

In text citation Reference list (BBC, 2012) BBC (2012) UK unemployment falls

again in three months to July [Online]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19569316 [Accessed 12 September 2012].

If the item that you would like to cite and reference is not here, look at one of the books or websites listed below.

Other useful resources There are lots of guides on referencing but remember to check with your School or tutor as they may have produced their own guidelines.

• Anglian Ruskin University (undated) Harvard system [Online]. Available from: http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm [Accessed 12 September 2012].

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• Pears, R. and Shields, G.J. (2010) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

• University of Sussex (undated) Harvard style [Online]. Available from: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/library/infosuss/referencing/h_intro.shtml [Accessed 12 September 2012].

• Your Academic Subject Librarian: http://lncn.eu/ahnz

• Workshops and 1-to-1 Learning Development drop-in service (ground floor of the Library): http://lncn.eu/efxz

Reference List

Anglian Ruskin University (undated) Harvard system [Online]. Available from: http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm [Accessed 12 September 2012].

BBC (2012) UK unemployment falls again in three months to July. BBC News Business, [Online]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19569316 [Accessed 12 September 2012].

Gold, J. (2010) Human resource development: theory and practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Golding, N. (2010) Strategic human resource management. In: Beardwell, J. and Claydon, T. (eds.) Human resource management: a contemporary approach [Online]. 6th edition. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall, pp. 34-82. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=155250&src=0 [Accessed 23 March 2011].

Grady, J.L., Entin, E.B., Entin, E.E., and Brunyé, T.T. (2011) Using message framing to achieve long-term behavioral changes in persons with diabetes. Applied Nursing Research, 24(1), pp. 22-28.

Harrison, A. and van Hoek, R.I. (2011) Logistics management and strategy: competing through the supply chain. 4th edition. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Heneman, H.G. and Milanowski, A.T. (2011) Assessing human resource practices alignment: A case study. Human Resource Management, 50(1), pp.45-64.

Legge, K. (2007) HRM: rhetoric, reality and hidden agendas. In: Storey, J. (ed.) Human resource management: a critical text. 3rd edition. London: Thomson, pp. 33-62.

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Lloyd, I. (2009). ) Privacy, anonymity and the Internet. Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 13(1) [Online], pp.1-16. Available from: http://www.ejcl.org/131/abs131-3.html [Accessed 15 September 2012].

McKnight, S. (ed.) Envisioning future academic library services: initiatives, ideas and challenges. London: Facet Publishing.

Masterman, G. (2009) Strategic sports event management [Online]. 2nd edition. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Available from: http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780080949628 [Accessed 15 February 2012].

Olson, L. (2012) Social media security: how to use Twitter and LinkedIn. Independent.co.uk, 12 July 2012 [Online]. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/student/young-entrepreneurs/social-media-security-how-to-use-twitter-and-linkedin-7938609.html [Accessed 12 September 2012].

Pears, R. and Shields, G.J. (2010) Cite them right the essential referencing guide. 8th edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Raz, J. (2010) Responsibility and the Negligence Standard. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 30(1), pp.1-18.

University of Sussex (undated) Harvard style [Online]. Available from: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/library/infosuss/referencing/h_intro.shtml [Accessed 12 September 2012].

Weinberg, A., Sutherland, V.J., and Cooper, C.L. (2010) Organizational stress management. 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Woolcock, N. (2012) 50,000 university hopefuls left in limbo. The Times, 23 August, p.18.