HAUSSMANNIZATIONTIME PERIOD : 1853-1870 (HAUSSMANN PERIOD)

1870-1927(POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD)

RESAONS OF HAUSSMANNIZATION:

• In the middle of the 19th century, the center of PARIS was OVERCROWDED, DARK, DANGEROUS, and UNHEALTHY. In word of Victor Considerant wrote: "Paris is an immense workshop putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where sunlight and air rarely penetrate. Paris is a terrible place where plants shrivel and perish, and where, of seven small infants, four die during the course of the year.“

• Densely populated that was 3m2 per pupil. Major reason for cholearaepidemic in year of 1832-1848. this took life of about 5% population of just 3rd Arrondissement.

• Traffic circulation was another major problem.

• Incapability of streets to cater to military expeditions, i.e. to crush the revolts.

• Failing of proposal’s by Quatremere de Quincy in 18th century after French revolution.

• Downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte.

• Rise of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III).

• Failure of Berger la prefect de Seine.

• New policies for expropriating the land.

PHASES IN HAUSSMANNIZATION

HAUSSMANN PERIOD:

1. Phase I (1853-1859): George Eugene Haussmann appointed as Prefect of Seine. Working on principle of “aérer, unifier, et embellir”.

2. Phase II (1859-1867): Haussmann planned to connect interiors of Paris with wider boulevards.

3. Phase III (1860-1870): Haussmann planning new annexed land.

POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD:

• In year of (1870-1927): His works were completed with his principles

Pre-Haussmannization

1.Narrow streets : Crowded with low ventilation and epidemic prone area.

2.River Bievre: used as sewer disposal which was connected to Siene river.

HAUSSMANNIZATION STARTS

DEVELOPMENT IN HAUSSMANN PERIOD

PHASE I : 1853-1859

REMARKABLE FEATURES

• The Grand Cross Roads: Connecting east-west & north-south. Major street developed were : 1. Rue de Rivoli.

2. Rue Saint-Antoine. 3. Boulevard Strasbourg.4. Boulevard Sebastopol.5. Boulevard Michel.

• Built Hotels: Grand Hotel du Louvre.

• Built New Squares with theatre: Fontaine du Palmier.

• Built Gardens: Bois de Boulogne.

East -West

North- South

FOUNTAIN WITH FRESH WATER

CROSS ROADS

PHASE II : 1859- 1867

• The construction of a large new square, place du Chateau-d'Eau.

• The new railroad stations.

• Huge new Parks being constructed on the edge of the city.

• Two new government buildings, the Tribunal de Commerce and the Prefecture de Police, were built.

• Planned to construct 26.294 km of new avenues and streets

ARRONDISSEMENTS

PHASE III : 1869 - 1870

• The renovation of the gardens.

• Building a new rue de Châteaudon and clearing the space around the church of Notre-Dame de Lorette.

• The construction of twenty eight kilometers of new boulevards.

• Constructing new avenues and streets on annexed land.

• Downfall due to extensive works.

POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD : 1870-1927

• Completion of the Paris Opera.

• Completion of boulevard Saint-Germain.

• Completion of avenue de l'Opera.

• Completion of boulevard Henri IV.

• Completion of avenue de la Republique.