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Page 1: Have out something with which to write. Hope your fingers/hands are ready to do some writtin’!

• Have out something with which to write.

• Hope your fingers/hands are ready to do some writtin’!

Page 2: Have out something with which to write. Hope your fingers/hands are ready to do some writtin’!

Basic Chemistry

Chapter 2

Part 1

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Matter and Energy• Matter

• Anything that occupies space and has mass (weight)

• Give some examples of matter

• Energy

• The ability to do work

• What are some energy sources?

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Types of Energy• Chemical

• Stored in chemical bonds (such as food or gasoline)

• Electrical

• Movement of charged particles (electricity in your house)

• Mechanical

• Moving matter (legs moving bike pedals)

• Radiant

• Travels in waves (light energy)

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Matter is the substance, energy is the mover of the substance

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Quick Quiz

• What is the difference between Matter and Energy?

• Give an example of a source of Chemical Energy

• Give an example of mechanical energy

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Composition of Living Matter• Elements

• Fundamental units of matter

• Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, etc

• Found on the Periodic Table

• Each elements has a unique structure and chemical properties

• Atoms

• All Elements are made of Atoms

• Cannot be broken down into smaller substances

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Atomic Structure

• Nucleus

• Protons (p+)

• Positive Charge

• Neutrons (n0)

• Neutral (no charge)

• Outside of Nucleus

• Electrons (e-)

• Negative Charge

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Draw an Atom and Label its parts

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Quick Quiz

• What is the negatively charged particle in an atom called?

• Protons are ________ charged

• The nucleus of an atom consists of _________ and ________

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Composition of Living MatterComposition of Living Matter

• 96% of the body is made from four elements

• Carbon (C)

• Oxygen (O)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Nitrogen (N)

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Identifying Elements

• Atomic Number

• Equal to the number of Protons in the atom

• Atomic Mass Number

• Sum of Protons and Neutrons

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Identifying Elements

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Identifying Elements

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Quick Quiz

• What four elements make up most of the human body?

• What is Atomic Mass?

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Molecules and Compounds

• Molecule

• Two or more of the same atom combined chemically

• O2

• Compound

• Two or more different atoms combined chemically

• H2O

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Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

Slide 2.8Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Atoms are united by chemical bonds

• Atoms dissociate from other atoms when chemical bonds are broken

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Inert ElementsInert Elements

Slide 2.11Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Have complete valence shells and are stable

• Rule of 8s• Shell 1 has 2

electrons

• Shell 2 has 10 electrons

• 10 = 2 + 8

• Shell 3 has 18 electrons

• 18 = 2 + 8 + 8Figure 2.4a

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Reactive ElementsReactive Elements

Slide 2.12Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Valence shells are not full and are unstable

• Tend to gain, lose, or share electrons

• Allows for bond formation, which produces stable valence

Figure 2.4b

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Chemical Bonds

• Ionic Bonds

• Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

• Ions

• Charged Particles

• Anions are negatively charged particles

• Cations are positively charged particles

• Either donate or accept electrons

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Chemical Bonds

• Covalent Bonds

• Are formed when two atoms share electrons

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Examples of Covalent BondsExamples of Covalent Bonds

Slide 2.15Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 2.6a, b

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• Blackman’s easy example of each.

• Covalent- sugar

• Ionic- Salt

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Chemical Bonds

• Hydrogen Bonds

• Weak Chemical Bonds

• Hydrogen is attracted to the negative part of a polar molecule

• Provides attraction between molecules

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Quick Quiz

• What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

• What is an Ionic bond?

• What is a Covalent bond?

• What are Hydrogen bonds?

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Assignment• Find the info for the following atoms:

• Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, or Nitrogen

• Draw a picture of each atom

• Color and Label the Protons, Neutrons & Electrons

• Draw its Periodic Table Box (p. 542)

• Include the Letter, Atomic Mass, and Atomic Number

• For each atom, draw either an cation or anion of the atom

• Color and Label the Protons, Neutrons & Electrons

• Draw your own unique example of the following bonds:

• Non-polar covalent

• Polar covalent

• Ionic bond


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