havells capacitor catalogue.pdf

Reactive Power Solutions

Capacitor Catalogue 2016


Havells Power Capacitors are designed and manufactured using S3 technology. It encompenses product with tripple shield

with differential disconnector in the event of any fault within due to environmental compatability. Automatic controlled V ACcum potting of “Element Modules” ensures fault remains localised and protects the installation inspite of hazards.Advance technologies adopted in our “Capacitors” offer you unmatched safety and outstanding performance under Indian conditions benefiting you month after month and every year from now on...Our commitment to manufacturing excellence and providing a world class quality products at affordable prices in creating your industry more energy efficient, now from even wider spectrum of products from Havells; we offer you a complete solution which is not only safe and reliable but also help you save your energy.

At Havells “Energy Conservation is our Motto”

About us


INDEXIntroduction 8-15

Product overview 16-21

IPFC Panels 22-29

Power Capacitors - Cylinderical 30-44

Power Capacitors - Square 46-57

Anti Resonance Harmonic Filter 58-65

Micorprocessor controlled power factor controler 66-70

PFC fundamentals 71-83

Sahibabad Capacitor PlantSahibabad Capacitor Plant

4


Sahibabad Capacitor PlantSahibabad Capacitor Plant

5


6


From Component to Solution

7


Range of Power Factor Correction Capacitors & Components

*Higher ratings on requrest. Banking solution available.

Cylindrical Square

(Splendid Duty)Range 1-30 KVAr

Range 6-350 KVAr

APFC Panel

(Heavy Duty)Range 1-25 KVAr

(Normal Duty)Range 1-15 KVAr

(Splendid Duty)Range 1-30 KVAr*

(Super Heavy Duty)Double Dielectric

Range 1-25 KVAr*

(Heavy Duty)Range 1-30 KVAr*

Range 5-100 KVAr

8 & 12 Steps

Anti Harmonic Detuned

Filter

Microprocessor Controlled

Power Factor Controller

TORRENT

CHAMP

8


Power factor

Low power factor (cos f)results in

• Higher energy consumption and costs

• Less power distributed via the network

• Power loss in the network

• Higher transformer losses

• Increased voltage drop in power distribution networks.

Power FactorAs electrical power demand increasing day by day the awarness of the necessity of the energy saving is also increasing. So awarness of power quality increases. The power factor correction (PFC) and harmonic filtering is a need of the hour. Its a way of fast return of investment.

Havells is single window for power quality solution togeather with

• Application know-how • Technical skills • Extensive experience in the field of power quality improvement

Power factor improvement

Power factor improvement can be achieved by

• Compensation of reactive power with capacitors

• Active compensation – using semiconductors,

• Overexcited synchronous machine (motor / generator)

Types of PFC

(Detuned or conventional)

• Individual or fixed compensation (each reactive power producer is individually compensated)

• Group compensation (reactive power producers connected as a group and compensated as a whole)

• Central or automatic compensation (by a PFC system at a central point),

• Mixed compensation.

Important NotesFollowing points are applies to all products in this catalogue.

• HAVELLSiseitherunfamiliarwithindividualcustomerapplicationsorlessfamiliarwiththemthancustomersthemselves.Forthisreason, It is always ultimately incumbent on the customer to check and decide whether the HAVELLS product with the properties described in the product specification is suitable for use in particular customer application.

• Wealsopointoutthatinindividualcases,amalfunctionofcomponentsorfailurebeforetheendoftheirusualservicelifecannotbe completely ruled out in the current state of the art, even if they are operated as specified. In customer application requiring a very high level of operational safety and especially in customer applications in which the malfunction or failure of component could endanger human life or health (e.g. in accident prevention or lifesaving systems), it must therefore be ensured by means of suitable design of the customer application or other action taken by the customer (e.g. installation of protective circuitry or redundancy) that no injury or damage is sustained by third parties in the event of malfunction or failure of component.

• Thewarnings,cautionsandproduct–specificnotesmustbeobserved.

• Weconstantlystrivetoimproveourproducts,consequently,theproductdescribeinthispublicationmaychangefromtimetotime. Please check before or when you place the purchase order whether the product description and specifications contained in this catalogue.

• A worldwide network of partners • Continuous development • Sharing of information.

U

I U

I

Linear loads:voltage was followed by current.

Non linear load produce non sinusoidal currents when connected to sinusoidal voltage.

M3~

Uninterruptible Power Supply(optional)

EMC filterC

250/350/ 550 Hz

Overvoltageprotection

Tunedharmonicfilters

Linear loadwith fixedPFC

M3~


DynamicPFCsystems


Passiveharmonicfilters

(detuned PFCsystems)



Activeharmonicfilters

Power Factor Correction (PFC)and Harmonic Filtering

DC link(Aluminum electrolyticor film capacitors)

EMC filter

Frequency converter

C

Chargingresistor

Output filter

9


Power Factor Correction - Components

Capacitor

Design of capacitorsMPP technology

kWh meter

Apparentpower

Capacitors forcompensation

kvarh meter

GridP

SQ

Power factor correction (PFC) capacitors produce the necessary leading reactive power to compensate the lagging reactive power. They should be capable of withstanding high inrush currents caused by switching operations (>100 · IR). If they are connected in parallel, i.e. as banks, the inrush current will increase (≥150 · IR) because the charging current comes from the power line as well as from other capacitors connected in parallel.

Metalized plastic compact capacitors with self-healing properties and a polypropylene dielectric. Film metallization with zinc/aluminum alloy results in high performance and a low film thickness allowing significantly more compact dimensions and a lower weight.

In the event of thermal or electrical overload, an electric breakdown occurs. The dielectric in the breakdown channel is broken down into highly compressed plasma that explodes out of the breakdown channel and pushes the dielectric layers apart. The discharge contin-ues within the spreading charge continues within the spreading plasma via the metal layers so that the metal surrounding the faulty area is completely burnt out. This produces perfect isolation of the faulty area within microseconds. The self-healing process results in negligible capacitance loss – less than 100 pF per event. The capaci-tor remains fully functional during the entire process.

1. Dielectric2. Metalized electrodes3. Material displacing shock wave4. Air gap with metal vapor 5, 6. Plasma zone7. Boundary layer between gas phase dielectric and plasma8. Breakdown channel9. Gas phase dielectric10. Zone of displaced metalization and dielectric (isolating region)

Self-healingx

r1 10

4 2

42

6

6

8 10 1

2 4

245

5

10 101

1

399 7

37 9

30 µm 10 µm

10


Power Factor Correction

Capacitors are most cost effective and reliable static devices which

can generate and supply reactive power (energy). Capacitors consume virtually negligible active power and able to produce reactive power locally, thus enabling Power Factor Correction for inductive loads.

The vector diagram given aside summarize the concept of power factor correction/ improvement by reactive power compensation with capacitors.

cosf1 = Initial power factor

cosf2 = Target power factor

KVA2<KVA1

Active Power (kW)• Itispowerusedbytheloadstomeetthefunctionaloutputrequirements

Reactive Power (KVAr)• Itispowerusedbytheloadtomeetitsmagneticfieldequipmentsandtherequirements

of magnetic losses• Thereactivepowerisalways900 out of phase with respects to the active power• TheunitnormallyusedtoexpressthereactivepowerisVAr(inpracticalusageKVAr)• TheapparentpowerKVAisthevectorsomeofactiveandreactivepower

Power Factor

The power factor is the cosine of the angle between Active power

and Apparent power

• PowerFactor(cosf) =

• KVA=KW2+KVAr2

• kW=KVAxcosf

• tanf =

Effects of Reactive Energy

It is now obvious that both active and reactive energy are necessary inputs in all electrical systems however the flow of reactive power has certain negative aspects which results in the increased cost of electrical systems and also drops in the efficiency of systems operationsThe increased flow of reactive power results in the following. Adverse condition• Overloadingoftransformers• HigherkVAdemandonsystem• Highervoltagedropthroughoutthesystems.

Activepower(KW)Apparent power(KVA)

Introduction - Principle of Reactive Energy Management

Active energy

Reactive energy

PowerGeneration

Transmissionnetwork Motor

Active energy

Reactive energy

Active energy Transmissionnetwork Motor

Active energy

Capacitors

PowerGeneration

ϕ 1 ϕ 2 kvar2

kvarCkVA 1

kVA 2

kW

kvar (leading)c

kvar 1

Under normal operating conditions certain electrical loads (e.g. induction motors, welding

equipment, arc furnaces and fluorescent lighting) draw not only active power from the

supply, but also inductive reactive power (KVAr).This reactive power is necessary for the

equipment to operate correctly but could be interpreted as an undesirable burden on the

supply. The power factor of a load is defined as the ratio of active power to apparent power,

i.e.kW:kVAandisreferredtoascosf. The closer cosf is to unity, the less reactive power

isdrawnfromthesupply:

Power Factor = Cos f

Cos f=P(kW)/S(kVA)

Reactive Power KVAr

Q = S2 - P2

Active

P = S2-Q2

[KW]

Cos f = P/S

Sin f = Q/S

Q = S Sin f

Q = P tan f

f = phase displacement

S1 = uncompensated apparent power

S2 = compensated power with

capacitor for compensation

Active

S = P2-Q2

[kVA]

KVArkW

• UsingIPFCpanelatvariouspointsofthedistributionnetwork-

Here automatic power factor correction takes place with the help

of power factor controller and power contactors by switching

in/out 4/6/8/12 steps of capacitor banks as the power factor

varies.

• Increase IR losses leading to additional heating and loss of energy

• Increaseintheratingofswitchgearcablesandotherprotectivedevices

• Reductionofvoltageattheloadend

11


Savings on the electricity bill• Decrease in KVA demand

• Eliminatepenaltiesonreactiveenergy

• Reducepowerlossintransformers

Example: Loss reduction in a 630KVA transformer

PW=6500W(assumed)withaninitialPowerFactor=0.7

Withpowerfactorcorrectionweobtainafinalpower

factor = 0.98

Thelossesbecome:3316Wi.e.areductionof49%

Increase in available powerA high power factor optimizes an electrical installation.

Fitting PFC equipment on Low Voltage side of transformers increases available power at secondary of LV transformers.

The table shows the increased available power at the transformer output by improving power factor from 0.7 to1.

Example :Calculation for additional load inKW that canbe connectedbyimproving Power Factor

Load = 500KVA

Initial PF (cosf1) = 0.7

Target PF (cosf2) = 0.95

cosf1 =kW1/KVA

kW1 = KVA x cosf1

=350kW

kW2 = KVA x cosf2

=475kW

AdditionalkWthatcanbeconnected

= 475-350

=125kW

%ofadditionalload =125/350x100

=36%

Power Factor Additional available

power(kW)

0.7 0%

0.8 +14%

0.85 +21%

0.90 +29%

0.95 +36%

1.00 +43%

Reduction in Electricity bill

Reduction in KVAr

Reduction in kVA Demand

Reduction in Switchgear Rating

Reduction in line losses / Cable losses

Reduction in voltage regulations

Reduction in Line Current Reduced Loading on Transformer

Benefits of Reactive Energy Management• By providing proper Reactive management system the adverse effects of flow of reactive energy can be minimized

• Followingtableprovidessomeofthebenefitsofreactiveenergymanagement

Copper loss =

=

=

PF1

PF2

0.70.98

0.70.98

(((

)))

X Full load copper loss

X Full load copper loss

X6500W

2

2

2

=3316W

=3183W

Savings=6500W–3316W

12


Reduction in line currentInstallation of PFC equipment results in,• Reduction in current drawn from source• Reduction in conductor cross section and reduced losses

The table shows the Multiplying Factor(MF) for the conductor crosssectionincrease for fall in power factor.

Example: Calculation of reduction of line current if PF improved from 0.60 to 1.00Load=350kW

1. KVA1 = kW/PF1

= 350 / 1.00 = 350 kVA I1 = KVA x 1000 / Ö3 x V = 583 x 1000 / Ö3 x 440 = 765 A (Before PF compensation)

2. KVA2 = kW/PF2

= 350/0.60 = 583 KVA I2 = KVA x 1000 / Ö3 x V = 350 x 1000 / Ö3 x 440 = 459 A (After PF compensation)

Savings in line current Multiplying Factor = I1 / I2 = 765 / 459 = 1.67

Improvement in voltage regulation Installing PFC equipment increases the voltage at the point of connection, which compensates the fall in voltage due to poor Power Factor

DV =Voltage ImprovementV=SystemVoltageWithoutCapacitorsQ = Capacitors Rating in MVArS = System Fault Level In MVA

Example:For a 150 KVAr, 440V capacitor & Systemfault level of 15 MVA.

DV = 4.4 Volts

Power Factor MF

1 1

0.80 1.25

0.80 1.67

0.40 2.50

DVV

QS

=

DVV

QS

=

DV 440 x 0.1515

=

13


Types of compensation Broadly, there are two types of compensation:

• Fixed compensation

• Variable compensation

Fixed compensation

This arrangement uses one or more capacitors to provide a constant level of compensation.

Control may be

• Manual:bycircuit-breakerorload-breakswitch

• Semi-automatic:bycontactor

• Direct connection to an appliance and switched with it

These capacitors are applied:

• At the terminals of inductive loads (mainly motors), at bus bars connecting numerous small motors and inductive appliances for which individual compensation would be too costly

• In cases where the load factor is reasonably constant

Variable compensation

• IPFC panels

• Contactor / Thyristor based

• ePFC

• Electronic VAr compensator with IGBT

The primary reason for Variable compensation is the variation of loads in the network. In many applications the process are not constant through out the day, hence the reactive energy required varies as per the load profile, to eliminate the risk of leading power factor and to optimize the kVA demand, the variable compensation techniques are used.

Modes of compensationThe selection of the Power Factgor Correction equipment can follow 3 levels of compensation

• Central compensation

• Group compensation

• Individual compensaion

Central Compensation

Supply

Transformer

CircuitBreaker

Group Compensation

Individual Compensation



Group Compensation


MLoad

MLoad

MLoad

MLoad

14


Current achievable (Actual) (Target)Tan f Cos f cos f 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 Factor K

The table below shows the values for typical power factors according to the formula

Qc = PA * (tanf1-tan f2)

Qc (KVAr) = PMotor

* K = active power (kW) * factor “K” P

Motor=S * cos j = apparent power * cos f

tan f 1 + f 2 according to cos f values ref. Table

Example:ACTUAL motor power P = 100 kWActual cos f 0.65TARGET cos f 0.96Factor K from table 0.88Capacitor reactive power QcQc = 100 * 0.88 = 88 KVAr (say 90 KVAr)

3.18 0.30 2.43 2.43 2.56 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.82 2.89 2.98 3.182.96 0.32 2.21 2.26 2.34 2.42 2.48 2.53 2.60 2.67 2.76 2.962.77 0.34 2.02 2.07 2.15 2.23 2.28 2.34 2.41 2.48 2.56 2.772.59 0.36 1.84 1.89 1.97 2.05 2.10 2.17 2.23 2.30 2.39 2.592.43 0.38 1.68 1.73 1.81 1.89 1.95 2.01 2.07 2.14 2.23 2.432.29 0.40 1.54 1.59 1.67 1.75 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 2.09 2.292.16 0.42 1.41 1.46 1.54 1.62 1.68 1.73 1.80 1.87 1.96 2.062.04 0.44 1.29 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.56 1.61 1.68 1.75 1.84 2.041.93 0.46 1.18 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.45 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.73 1.931.83 0.48 1.08 1.13 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.62 1.831.73 0.50 0.98 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.45 1.63 1.731.64 0.52 0.89 0.94 1.02 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.28 1.35 1.44 1.641.56 0.54 0.81 0.86 0.94 1.02 1.07 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.36 1.561.48 0.56 0.73 0.78 0.86 0.94 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.19 1.28 1.481.40 0.58 0.65 0.70 0.78 0.86 0.92 0.98 1.04 1.11 1.20 1.401.33 0.60 0.58 0.63 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.13 1.331.30 0.61 0.55 0.60 0.68 0.76 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.01 1.10 1.301.27 0.62 0.52 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.78 0.84 0.91 0.99 1.06 1.271.23 0.63 0.48 0.53 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.03 1.231.20 0.64 0.45 0.50 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.84 0.91 1.00 1.201.17 0.65 0.42 0.47 0.55 0.63 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.97 1.171.14 0.66 0.39 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.65 0.71 0.78 0.85 0.94 1.141.11 0.67 0.36 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.63 0.68 0.75 0.82 0.90 1.111.08 0.68 0.33 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.88 1.081.05 0.69 0.30 0.35 0.43 0.51 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.76 0.85 1.051.02 0.70 0.27 0.32 0.40 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.82 1.020.99 0.71 0.24 0.29 0.37 0.45 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.70 0.79 0.990.96 0.72 0.21 0.26 0.34 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.67 0.76 0.960.94 0.73 0.19 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.45 0.51 0.58 0.65 0.73 0.940.91 0.74 0.16 0.21 0.29 0.37 0.42 0.48 0.55 0.62 0.71 0.910.88 0.75 0.13 0.18 0.26 0.34 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.880.86 0.76 0.11 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.37 0.43 0.50 0.57 0.65 0.860.83 0.77 0.08 0.13 0.21 0.29 0.34 0.40 0.47 0.54 0.63 0.830.80 0.78 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.26 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.51 0.60 0.800.78 0.79 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.29 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.57 0.780.75 0.80 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.55 0.750.72 0.81 0.10 0.18 0.24 0.30 0.36 0.43 0.52 0.720.70 0.82 0.08 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.49 0.700.67 0.83 0.05 0.13 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.38 0.47 0.670.65 0.84 0.03 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.44 0.650.62 0.85 0.08 0.14 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.42 0.620.59 0.86 0.05 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.30 0.39 0.590.57 0.87 0.08 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.570.54 0.88 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.540.51 0.89 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.22 0.31 0.510.48 0.90 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.480.46 0.91 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.25 0.460.43 0.92 0.07 0.14 0.22 0.430.40 0.93 0.04 0.11 0.19 0.400.36 0.94 0.07 0.16 0.360.33 0.95 0.13 0.330.29 0.96 0.09 0.290.25 0.97 0.05 0.250.20 0.98 0.200.14 0.99 0.14

15


Current achievable (Actual) (Target)Tan f Cos f cos f 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 Factor K

3.18 0.30 2.43 2.43 2.56 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.82 2.89 2.98 3.182.96 0.32 2.21 2.26 2.34 2.42 2.48 2.53 2.60 2.67 2.76 2.962.77 0.34 2.02 2.07 2.15 2.23 2.28 2.34 2.41 2.48 2.56 2.772.59 0.36 1.84 1.89 1.97 2.05 2.10 2.17 2.23 2.30 2.39 2.592.43 0.38 1.68 1.73 1.81 1.89 1.95 2.01 2.07 2.14 2.23 2.432.29 0.40 1.54 1.59 1.67 1.75 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 2.09 2.292.16 0.42 1.41 1.46 1.54 1.62 1.68 1.73 1.80 1.87 1.96 2.062.04 0.44 1.29 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.56 1.61 1.68 1.75 1.84 2.041.93 0.46 1.18 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.45 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.73 1.931.83 0.48 1.08 1.13 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.62 1.831.73 0.50 0.98 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.45 1.63 1.731.64 0.52 0.89 0.94 1.02 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.28 1.35 1.44 1.641.56 0.54 0.81 0.86 0.94 1.02 1.07 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.36 1.561.48 0.56 0.73 0.78 0.86 0.94 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.19 1.28 1.481.40 0.58 0.65 0.70 0.78 0.86 0.92 0.98 1.04 1.11 1.20 1.401.33 0.60 0.58 0.63 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.13 1.331.30 0.61 0.55 0.60 0.68 0.76 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.01 1.10 1.301.27 0.62 0.52 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.78 0.84 0.91 0.99 1.06 1.271.23 0.63 0.48 0.53 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.03 1.231.20 0.64 0.45 0.50 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.84 0.91 1.00 1.201.17 0.65 0.42 0.47 0.55 0.63 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.97 1.171.14 0.66 0.39 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.65 0.71 0.78 0.85 0.94 1.141.11 0.67 0.36 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.63 0.68 0.75 0.82 0.90 1.111.08 0.68 0.33 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.88 1.081.05 0.69 0.30 0.35 0.43 0.51 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.76 0.85 1.051.02 0.70 0.27 0.32 0.40 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.82 1.020.99 0.71 0.24 0.29 0.37 0.45 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.70 0.79 0.990.96 0.72 0.21 0.26 0.34 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.67 0.76 0.960.94 0.73 0.19 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.45 0.51 0.58 0.65 0.73 0.940.91 0.74 0.16 0.21 0.29 0.37 0.42 0.48 0.55 0.62 0.71 0.910.88 0.75 0.13 0.18 0.26 0.34 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.880.86 0.76 0.11 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.37 0.43 0.50 0.57 0.65 0.860.83 0.77 0.08 0.13 0.21 0.29 0.34 0.40 0.47 0.54 0.63 0.830.80 0.78 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.26 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.51 0.60 0.800.78 0.79 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.29 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.57 0.780.75 0.80 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.55 0.750.72 0.81 0.10 0.18 0.24 0.30 0.36 0.43 0.52 0.720.70 0.82 0.08 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.49 0.700.67 0.83 0.05 0.13 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.38 0.47 0.670.65 0.84 0.03 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.44 0.650.62 0.85 0.08 0.14 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.42 0.620.59 0.86 0.05 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.30 0.39 0.590.57 0.87 0.08 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.570.54 0.88 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.540.51 0.89 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.22 0.31 0.510.48 0.90 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.480.46 0.91 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.25 0.460.43 0.92 0.07 0.14 0.22 0.430.40 0.93 0.04 0.11 0.19 0.400.36 0.94 0.07 0.16 0.360.33 0.95 0.13 0.330.29 0.96 0.09 0.290.25 0.97 0.05 0.250.20 0.98 0.200.14 0.99 0.14

16


Parameter Unit Hercules Phantom Agri Boost

Reference Standard IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340

Power (Rated Capacitance) Qn 1 – 30 KVAr 1 – 25 KVAr 1 – 15 KVAr

Tolerance 0 –10% 0 –10% 0 –10%

Connection Delta Delta Delta

Rated voltage VR 400 – 525 400 – 525 415 – 440

Rated Frequency fR 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz

Max. Ratings

Max. Permisible Voltage Vmax.

VR+10%(upto8hdaily)VR+15%(upto30mindaily)VR+20%(upto5mindaily)VR+30%(upto1mindaily)



Max. Permisible Current Imax.Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined

effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)

Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)


Max. Transient Inrush Current Handling Capacity IS up to 200 x IR up to 250 x IR up to 200 x IRTest Data

AC Test Voltage Terminal to Terminal VTT 2.15 x UN, 2 Sec. 2.15 x UN, 2 Sec. 1.75 x UN, 2 Sec.

Insulation Voltage Between Terminal & Container VTC 3600 V AC, 2 Sec. 3600 V AC, 2 Sec. 3600 V AC, 2 Sec.

Losses:

– Dielectric <0.2W/KVAr <0.2W/KVAr <0.2W/KVAr

– Total* <0.4W/KVAr <0.4W/KVAr <0.4W/KVAr

Climatic Category

Ambient Temperature 0 C-25 / D; max. temp. 550 C; max mean 24h = 45 0C;max. mean 1 year = 35 0C; lowest temp. = -25 0C

-25 / D; max. temp. 550 C; max mean 24h = 45 0C;max. mean 1 year = 35 0C; lowest temp. = -25 0C


Max. humidity Hrel 95% 95% 95%

Max. Permisible Altitute 4000 M above sea level 4000 M above sea level 4000 M above sea level

Mean Life Expectancy tLD (co) 100000 Hrs 130000 Hrs 100000 Hrs

Design Data

Case Material / Shape Aluminium / Cylindrical Aluminium / Cylindrical Aluminium / Cylindrical

Dimensions According to specification table page no. 33, 34 According to Specification Table Page No. 39, 40 According to Specification Table Page No. 44

Dielectric Polypropylene Film Polypropylene Film Polypropylene Film

Impregnation Soft Resin Soft Resin Soft Resin

Fixing Threaded Bolt M8 / M12 Threaded Bolt M8 / M12 Threaded Bolt M8 / M12

Max. Tourque for Fixing Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm

Mounting PositionUpright. Horizontal mounting with additional head support possible.

Upright. Horizontal mounting with additional head support Possible.


Terminals Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp WireTerminal

Degree of Protection Safety IP20 optional IP54 IP20 optional IP54 IP54

Max. Tourque for Connection Terminals (6 KVAr and above) Nm 2.5 Nm 2.5 Nm

Safety

Mechnical Safety Tear of fuses, overpressure disconnector Tear of fuses, overpressure disconnector Tear of fuses, overpressure disconnector

Discharge Device Resister Resister Resister

Discharge Device Time Sec. ≤60 Sec (50 V) ≤60 Sec (50 V) ≤60 Sec (50 V)

Cooling Natural or Forced Natural or Forced Natural or Forced

Max. Switching Operations Max. 5000 Nos. Per Year Max. 5000 Nos. Per Year Max. 5000 Nos. Per Year

Ordering Code QHNTC* QHHTC* QHATC*

Power factor correction capacitors - Cylindrical

* without discharge resister

17


Parameter Unit Hercules Phantom Agri Boost

Reference Standard IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340


Tolerance 0 –10% 0 –10% 0 –10%


Rated voltage VR 400 – 525 400 – 525 415 – 440


Max. Ratings












Losses:



Climatic Category





Max. Permisible Altitute 4000 M above sea level 4000 M above sea level 4000 M above sea level


Design Data

Case Material / Shape Aluminium / Cylindrical Aluminium / Cylindrical Aluminium / Cylindrical

Dimensions According to specification table page no. 33, 34 According to Specification Table Page No. 39, 40 According to Specification Table Page No. 44



Fixing Threaded Bolt M8 / M12 Threaded Bolt M8 / M12 Threaded Bolt M8 / M12

Max. Tourque for Fixing Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm




Terminals Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp WireTerminal

Degree of Protection Safety IP20 optional IP54 IP20 optional IP54 IP54

Max. Tourque for Connection Terminals (6 KVAr and above) Nm 2.5 Nm 2.5 Nm

Safety






Ordering Code QHNTC* QHHTC* QHATC*

18


Parameter Unit Mini Master / Master Master Plus Champion

Reference Standard IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831


Tolerance 0 – 10% 0 – 10% 0 – 10%


Rated voltage VR 400 – 525 400 – 525 400 – 525


Max. Ratings

Max. Permisible Voltage Vmax. VR+10%(upto8hdaily)VR+15%(upto30mindaily)VR+20%(upto5mindaily)VR+30%(upto1mindaily)



Max. Permisible Current Imax. Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined







Losses:



Climatic Category

Ambient Temperature 0C -25 / D; max. temp. 550 C; max mean 24h = 45 0C;max. mean 1 year = 35 0C; lowest temp. = -25 0C




Permisible Altitute Max. 4000 M above sea level Max. 4000 M above sea level Max. 4000 M above sea level


Design Data

Case Material / Shape Powder Coated, Fabricated Sheet Metal / Rectangular

Powder Coated, Fabricated Sheet Metal / Rectangular Powder Coated, Fabricated Sheet Metal / Rectangular

Dimensions According to Specification Table Page No. 48, 49 According to Specification Table Page No. According to Specification Table Page No. 56, 57



Fixing Base Mounting Base Mounting Base Mounting

Mounting Position Upright Upright Upright

Degree of Protection Safety IP41 Fabricated sheet metal IP41 Fabricated sheet metal IP41 Fabricated sheet metal

Safety






Ordering Code QHNTM* QHHTM* QHSTM*

Power factor correction capacitors - Square

* without discharge resister

19


Parameter Unit Mini Master / Master Master Plus Champion

Reference Standard IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831 IS 13340 / IEC 60831


Tolerance 0 – 10% 0 – 10% 0 – 10%


Rated voltage VR 400 – 525 400 – 525 400 – 525


Max. Ratings











Losses:



Climatic Category





Permisible Altitute Max. 4000 M above sea level Max. 4000 M above sea level Max. 4000 M above sea level


Design Data


Powder Coated, Fabricated Sheet Metal / Rectangular Powder Coated, Fabricated Sheet Metal / Rectangular

Dimensions According to Specification Table Page No. 48, 49 According to Specification Table Page No. According to Specification Table Page No. 56, 57



Fixing Base Mounting Base Mounting Base Mounting

Mounting Position Upright Upright Upright

Degree of Protection Safety IP41 Fabricated sheet metal IP41 Fabricated sheet metal IP41 Fabricated sheet metal

Safety






Ordering Code QHNTM* QHHTM* QHSTM*

20


Reference Standard IEC 61558 / IS 5553

Tolerance of Inductance ±3%

Harmonics*

V3=0.5%VR(dutycycle=100%)





Effective current Irms = (I12+I3

2 ... I132)

Fundamental current I1 = 1.06 . IR (50 Hz or 60 Hz current of capacitor)

Insulation (winding-core) 3 kV

Temperature protection Microswitch (NC)

Dimensional drawings and terminals See specific datasheets

Three-phase filter reactors to EN 60289 / IEC 61558

Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Voltage 400, 440 V AC

Output 5 … 100 KVAr

Detuning Factors 5.67%,7%,14%

Cooling Natural

Ambient temperature 40 °C

Humidity 95%

Insulation class H

Class of protection I

Enclosure IP00

Max. Permissible Attitude Max. 4000M above sea level

Terminals Lugs / Busbar

Design Data

Dimensions According to specification table page no

WeightApprox. According to specification table page no

Safety- All reactors are provided with a sepaerate screw terminal for the temperature switch (opening switch) which is located indisde the central coil.

Response Temperature 1400C

Voltage 250 V AC (<4A) ... 500 V AC (<2A)

Ordering Code QHDTM*

Technical Data

Power factor control component - Anti Harmoni Detuned Filer

21


Power factor control component - Microprocessor Controlled Power Factor Controller

Technical Data & Limit Values

Reference Standard IEC 61010-1

Parameters Unit Intelligent Power Factor Controller

Dimension m.m. 144 x 144 x 85

Weight kg. 0.75

Ambient conditions

Operating temperature Range °C –10 °C ... + 60 °C

Storage temperature Range °C –20 °C ... + 65 °C

Mounting position Flush Mounting in Vertical Plane

Protection class IP 54 ( Front)

Operation

Rated Operational Voltage V AC 230VAC+-20%

Rated Operational Current I 50 mA – 6A (--/5 A Current Transformer)

Network Type SinglePhase,2Wire

Mains frequency Hz 50 / 60

Power consumption

Current I <2VA

Voltage V <10 VA

Target Power Factor Cos Φ 0.8 < cos Φ <= 1 (Inductive)

Switching Outputs

Capacitor Steps 6,8 , 12 Steps (Max.) + 1 Alarm

Relay Output Contact Max250AC,1000W

Switching time range 2 Sec. – 30 Min.

Control modes Automatic Bank Selection in accordance to Reactive Power Compensation

Ordering code QHOSRA*

22


Range

• OutputRating:6-350KVAr(OtherKVArratingonrequest)

• VoltageRating:440V

Ref. Standard

• IEC61921/IS8623

The design of the Low Voltage Power Factor Correction banks

and accessories shall comply with the following standards

• IEC60831: Part 1 & 2-Shunt power capacitors of the self

healing type for a.c systems having rated voltage up to and

including 1kV.

Introduction

Modern Power network cater to a wide variety of electrical and

power electronic loads, which create a varying power demand

on the supply system. It therefore becomes practically difficult

to maintain a consistent power factor by the use of fixed

compensation i.e. fixed capacitor to be manually switched ON

and OFF to suit the variation of the load. This will lead to situation

where the installation can have a low power factor causing higher

demand charges and levy of power factor penalties.

In addition to not being able to achieve the desired power

factor that the use of fixed compensation can result in leading

power factor under certain load conditions, which is unhealthy

for the installation as it can result in over voltages, saturation of

transformers, mal-operation of diesel generating sets, penalties

by electricity supply authorities etc.

It is therefore necessary to automatic switching operation of the

suitable capacitor depending upon the load fluctuations without

manual intervention. This compensation is best suited to the load

requirements.

It can be achieved by using Automatic Power Factor Correction

(APFC) System which can maintain consistently high power

factor, without leading power factor operation.

• IEC 60439-3: Low voltage switchgear and control gear

assemblies. Particular requirements for low-voltage switchgear

and control gear assemblies intended to be installed in places

where unskilled persons have access for their use-Distribution

boards.

• IEC60947:LowVoltageSwitchgear

Part2:MoldedCaseCircuitBreakers&AircircuitBreakers

Part4:PowerContactors

• IEC60269:LVFuses

• IEC60529:Degreeofprotectionprovidedbyenclosure

• IEC60044-1:Currenttransformers.

• IEC60664-1/IEC61326:PowerFactorController.

-Automatic Power Factor Correction System

23


Salient Features

• CorrectiontoUnitPowerFactor.

• ModularDesignwhichallowseasierassembly,installation

and maintenance by the user.

• Designedtominimizeinstallationtimeandcost.

• AdvancedMicroprocessorrelay

• TheincomerMCCBprovidedhasupto35KAfault

interrupting capability.

• ManualCapacitorSwitchingCapability.

• IndicatinglightforCapacitorstagedisplay.

• IndustrialDuty,SafetydisconnectsMetallizeddielectric

capacitors, less than 0.2 watts per KVAr losses.

• ColourSiemensGreyRAL.

• Specialcableusedhenceitcanwithstandtemperature.

• StepSwitching.

• CapacitorDutyContactorwithdumpingresistance.

• SwitchoptionAutoorManual.

• Busbarismadeofcopper.

• ProvisionofRotaryhandleforincomerMCCB.

Principle Operation

• Tocontinuouslysenseandmonitortheloadconditionsby

the use of the external CT (whose output is fed to the control

relay).

• ToautomaticallyswitchONandswitchOFFrelevant

capacitor steps to ensure consistent power factor.

• Toensureeasyuserinterfaceforenablingreliable

understanding of system operation, such as display of real

time power factor, number of switching operations carried out

etc.

• Toprotectagainstanyelectricalfaultsinamannerthat

will ensure safe isolation of the power factor correction

equipment.

Disadvantages of having poor power factor are generally understood as follows:

• MorekVAdemandforthegivenkWloadandpenaltyforpoor

power factor, hence higher running cost (electricity bill).

• More line current for the given kW load and hence higher

rated transformer, switchgears and cables are required, hence

higher capital cost.

• MorethelinecurrentforthegivenkWloadandhencehigher

losses at the transformer, switchgears and cables, hence

higher running cost.

• More line current for the given kW load- poor utilization of

all electrical distribution network and hence poor return on

investment.

• Higher voltagedrops in thedistribution network hencepoor

performance of electrical equipments resulting in production

loss.

• Higher voltage fluctuations hence damage to electrical

equipments resulting in production loss.

Need to correct the poor power factor:

If we are able to correct the poor power factor to near unity on

all occasions at all loads, we can bring down the kVA demand,

line losses, increase the utilization of the distribution equipments,

increase the performance of electrical equipments, avoid damages

to electrical equipments and avoid production losses due to power

related problems. Another major advantage is that unity power

factor not only avoids penalty but also brings in incentive from

Electricity Board for higher power factor. All the above savings in

revenue expenditures improves the bottom line of the company

directly adding to the profit. Hence the investment on a good

power factor correction system will give an attractive payback.

Subsequently the return on the investment will be high.

Various Methods Of Power Factor Correction System

Using Power Capacitors, the poor power factor can be corrected

inthefollowingmethods:

• By providing fixed value of capacitors to the distribution

network at various points. They will be switched in/out as per

the load manually.

24



Details Rating

Power Rating 6-15 KVAr 25-50 KVAr 75-150 KVAr 175-250 KVAr 275-350 KVAr

Rated Voltage3phase440V-20%to10%

3 phase 440 V - 20%to10%

3 phase 440 V - 20%to10%

3 phase 440 V - 20%to10%

3phase440V-20%to10%

Frequency 50Hz+/-3% 50Hz+/-3% 50Hz+/-3% 50Hz+/-3% 50Hz+/-3%

Protection when Voltage sensing fails

“C Curve” “C Curve” “C Curve” “C Curve” “C Curve”

Alarms with relay outputOC, OV, Under Compensation

OC, OV, Under Compensation




Tolerance in KVAr ± 3.5 ± 3.5 ± 7 ±8.75 ±8.75

Corrected PF 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Capacitor Bank ON indication

By indication lamps By indication lampsBy indication lamps

By indication lamps By indication lamps

KVAr/ current meter for Capacitor

Optional- ICD Make Optional- ICD MakeOptional- ICD Make

Optional- ICD Make Optional- ICD Make

Display of set/ actual values

PF and KVAr PF and KVAr PF and KVAr PF and KVAr PF and KVAr

Panel Temperature Rise20 degree C above ambient

20 degree C above ambient




Panel Enclosure IP20, Force Cooled IP20, Force Cooled IP20, Force Cooled IP20, Force Cooled IP20, Force Cooled

Short Circuit Rating upto 35 kA

Over Voltage

105%Continuous

110%for8HoursDaily

120%for5Minutes

130%for1Minute

Over Current 200%theRatedCurrentContinuously

Duty Continuous

Power Supply Three phase, four line

Ambient temperature -5 °C to + 40 °C

Altitude 1000 metres above Sea level

Incomer A three pole MCCB, Using FRLS cable, of adequate section

Internal wiring Cylindrical, dry type three phase units (see table for step ratings)

Capacitors MPP - SH, Normal duty cylinderical with over pressure Disconnector & Discharge Resistor.

Contactors Three pole Capacitor duty contactors of adequate ratings for respective steps

Relay A microprocessor based relay with 4, 8 & 12 output contacts for switching contactors

Controller Protection

Having PF indication, built in time delays, and alarm indication for CT reversal apart from the protections associated with the capacitor itself, there is a thermostat which disconnects the entire panel in the event of excessive temperature rise in the enclosure.As a safety measure, an inter lock is provided so that when the front door is opened, the entire panel will trip.

Installation Indoor, floor mounted in a well-ventilated, non-dusty environment, cable entry from bottom

25


GA Drawings 6 - 15 KVAr

Rating B D1 D2 W H X1 Y2

6-12KVAr 552 180 200 600 800 500 700

15KVAr 652 230 250 700 1000 600 900

R Y B

Volt Meter

IPFC Relay

Amiter

MCCB

D

X1

B

W

Y2

HD

1

SideFront

Bottom

Foundation

26


GA Drawing 25 to 50 KVAr

Foundation

R Y B

Volt Meter

IPFC Relay

Amiter

MCCB

SideFront

Bottom

27


GA Drawing 75 to 350 KVAr

Rating A B C D1 D2 W H X1 Y1 Y2

75-150KVAr 351 700 250 230 250 1500 1500 600 100 1400

175-250KVAr 351 700 250 230 250 1500 1750 600 100 1650

275-350KVAr 351 700 250 280 300 1500 2000 600 150 1900

R Y B

Volt Meter

IPFC Relay

Amiter

MCCB

Side Front

Bottom

Foundation

28


Tab

le o

f Ste

p R

atin

g

Cap

acito

r S

tep

in K

VAr

with

Cap

acito

r D

uty

Con

tact

or a

nd M

CB

/ M

CC

B R

atin

g

Step

1St

ep 2

Step

3St

ep 4

Step

5St

ep 6

Step

7St

ep 8

Step

9St

ep 1

0St

ep 1

1St

ep 1

2

KVAr Rating

Incomer MCCB

CT Rating

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

Capacitor

Contactor

MCCB

/ 5C1

CCM

CC2

CCM

CC3

CCM

CC4

CCM

CC5

CCM

CC6

CCM

CC7

CCM

CC8

CCM

CC9

CCM

CC1

0CC

MC

C11

CCM

CC1

2CC

MC

1540

A50

112

62

126

512

107

1216

2563

A10

01

126

112

62

126

312

63

126

412

105

1210

712

16

5012

5A15

01

126

212

63

126

412

105

1210

7.5

1216

12.5

2025

1520

32

7520

0A20

01

1216

112

162

1216

312

163

1216

412

165

1216

712

1610

2025

1520

3225

5063

100

250A

300

112

162

1216

312

163

1216

412

165

1216

712

167.

512

1610

2025

12.5

2025

2030

6325

5063

125

315A

300

112

161

1216

212

163

1216

412

167.

512

1610

2025

12.5

2025

1520

3220

3063

2550

6325

5063

150

400A

400

112

162

1216

312

165

1216

7.5

1216

1020

2512

.520

2515

2032

2030

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

175

500A

450

112

162

1216

512

1610

2025

12.5

2025

1520

3215

2032

2030

6320

3063

2550

6325

5063

2550

63

200

500A

500

312

165

1216

7.5

1216

1020

2515

2032

2030

6320

3063

2020

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

2550

63

225

630A

600

312

167.

512

1610

2025

1520

3220

3063

2030

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

2550

63

250

630A

600

512

1610

2025

1520

3220

3063

2550

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

275

800A

800

312

165

1216

712

1610

2025

1520

3215

2032

2030

3225

5063

2550

6350

5012

550

5012

550

5012

5

300

800A

800

312

165

1216

712

1610

2025

1520

3215

2032

2030

6325

5063

5050

125

5050

125

5050

125

5050

125

325

800A

800

512

167

1216

12.5

2025

1520

3215

2032

2030

6325

5063

2550

6350

5012

550

5012

550

5012

550

5012

5

350

800A

800

512

1610

2025

1520

3220

3063

2550

6325

5063

2550

6325

5063

5050

125

5050

125

5050

125

5050

125

29


Ordering Information

Description- With Normal Duty(Hercules) Capacitor Product CodePanel size

W X H X D in mm

6 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5006X0

600 X 800 X 2009 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5009X0


15 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5015X0 700 X 1000 X 250

25 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5025X01050 X 1000 X 250



1500 X 1500 X 250100 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5100X0




1500 X 1750 X 250200 KVAr/ 440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5200X0

225 KVAr/ 440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5225X0



1500 X 2000 X 300300 KVAr/ 440V Standard APFC Panel ND QHCTRB5300X0



Description-WithHeavyDuty(Phantom)Capacitor

6 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel HD QHKTRB5006X0

600 X 800 X 2009 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel HD QHKTRB5009X0


15 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel HD QHKTRB5015X0 700 X 1000 X 250

25 KVAr /440V Standard APFC Panel HD QHKTRB5025X01050 X 1000 X 250














Note: Manual version also available

30


Cylindrical PFC Capacitor

Hercules Three Phase PFC Capacitors - Normal DutyNonPCB,SoftResinImpregnated•StackedWinding•TrippleSafetySystem

GeneralHercules capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from

Havells which have been used for PFC applications for more than 7 years

The power range varies from 1.0 to 30.0 KVAr.

The Hercules capacitor is used for power factor correction in industrial applications.

Applications•PowerFactorCorrection(PFC)•Automaticcapacitorbanks•FixedPFCapplications,e.g.motorcompensation

•DetunedPFCsystems•DynamicPFCsystems•FilterApplication

Features•Compactdesignincylindricalaluminumcanwithstud•Stackedwinding•MPPtechnology

•Voltagerange400…525V•Outputrange1.0…30.0KVAr

Electrical•Longlifeexpectancyofupto100000hours•Max.transientinrushcurrenthandlingcapabilityis200xIR

Mechanical and maintenance•Reducedmountingcosts•Easyinstallationandconnection•Lowweightandcompactvolume•Maintenance-free

Safety•Self-healing•Overpressuredisconnector•Shockhazardprotectedoptimizedcapacitorsafetyterminalsabove6KVAr

TORRENT

31


-Softresinimpregnated•Stackedwinding•TrippleSafetySystem

Parameter Unit Hercules

Reference Standard IS 13340 / IEC 60831

Power (Rated Capacitance) Qn 1 – 30 KVAr

Tolerance 0 –10%

Connection Delta

Rated voltage VR 400 – 525

Rated Frequency fR 50 / 60 Hz

Max. Ratings





Max. Transient Inrush Current Handling Capacity IS up to 200 x IRTest Data

AC Test Voltage Terminal to Terminal VTT 2.15 x UN, 2 Sec.

Insulation Voltage Between Terminal & Container VTC 3600 V AC, 2 Sec.

Losses:

– Dielectric <0.2W/KVAr

– Total* <0.4W/KVAr

Climatic Category


Max. humidity Hrel 95%

Max. Permisible Altitute 4000 M above sea level

Design Data

Case Material / Shape Aluminium / Cylindrical

Dimensions According to specification table page no. 33, 34

Dielectric Polypropylene Film

Impregnation Soft Resin

Fixing Threaded Bolt M8 / M12

Max. Tourque for Fixing Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm


Terminals Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp

Degree of Protection Safety IP20 optional IP54

Max. Tourque for Connection Terminals (6 KVAr and above) Nm 2.5 Nm

Safety

Mechnical Safety Tear of fuses, overpressure disconnector

Discharge Device Resister

Discharge Device Time Sec. ≤60 Sec (50 V)

Cooling Natural or Forced

Max. Switching Operations Max. 5000 Nos. Per Year

Ordering Code QHNTC*

* Without Discharge Resister

Note:

1. It should be noted that presence of harmonics produce over voltage & over current on capacitors. Resonance may cause serious damage to capacitor if a significant level of total harmonic distortion level exists for voltage or current. In such cases, series reactors must be considered.

2. Operatingtemperatureclass:Inaccordancewiththereferencestandards,thesetemperaturesarethosemeasuredonthesurfaceonthecapacitor.

TORRENT

32


Diameter D1 (Ø) 79.5 mm / 89.5 mm / 94.5 mm Diameter D (Ø) 75.0 mm / 85.0 mm / 90 mm

Expansion µ max. 13 mm

Mounting

M 12

Torque T = 10 Nm

ToothedWasher 12.5

Hex nut 12

Terminal Cover for IP 54

Diameter D (Ø) 50 / 63.5 / 68mm


Mounting

M 12 M8

(Ø 63.5 mm / 68 mm) (Ø 50 mm)

Torque T = 10 Nm T = 4 Nm

ToothedWasher 12.5 8.0

Hex nut 12 8

Technical data, specifications & dimensional drawing of plastic top capacitor series up to 5 KVAr

Technical data, specifications & dimensional drawing of Metal top capacitor series above 5 KVAr

12+

1

TORRENT

33


KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

D(mm)

H(mm)

Pack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz

Rated Voltage 400 V AC

1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.6 50 157 16 QHNTCQ5001X0

2 2.9 2.4 3.5 13.3 50 157 16 QHNTCQ5002X0

2.5 3.6 3 4.3 16.6 50 157 16 QHNTCQ5002X5

3 4.3 3.6 5.2 19.9 50 157 16 QHNTCQ5003X0

4 5.8 4.8 6.9 26.5 50 157 16 QHNTCQ5004X0

5 7.2 6 8.7 33.2 63.5 157 16 QHNTCQ5005X0

6 8.7 7.2 10.4 39.8 75 165 8 QHNTCQ5006X0

7 10.1 8.4 12.1 46.4 75 165 8 QHNTCQ5007X0

7.5 10.8 9 13 49.7 75 165 8 QHNTCQ5007X5

10 14.4 12 17.3 66.3 75 195 8 QHNTCQ5010X0

12.5 18 15 21.7 82.9 85 195 8 QHNTCQ5012X5

15 21.7 18 26 99.5 85 195 8 QHNTCQ5015X0

20 28.9 24 34.6 132.6 85 270 4 QHNTCQ5020X0

25 36.1 30 43.3 165.8 85 270 4 QHNTCQ5025X0


1.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 50 157 16 QHNTCB5001X0

2.0 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 50 157 16 QHNTCB5002X0

2.5 3.5 3.0 4.2 15.4 50 157 16 QHNTCB5002X5

3.0 4.2 3.6 5.0 18.5 50 157 16 QHNTCB5003X0

4.0 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 50 157 16 QHNTCB5004X0

5.0 7.0 6.0 8.3 30.8 63.5 157 16 QHNTCB5005X0

6.0 8.3 7.2 10.0 37.0 75 195 8 QHNTCB5006X0

7.0 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 75 195 8 QHNTCB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9.0 12.5 46.2 75 195 8 QHNTCB5007X5

10.0 13.9 12.0 16.7 61.6 75 195 8 QHNTCB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15.0 20.9 77.0 85 270 8 QHNTCB5012X5

15.0 20.9 18.0 25.0 92.4 85 270 8 QHNTCB5015X0

20.0 27.8 24.0 33.4 123.2 85 345 4 QHNTCB5020X0

25.0 34.8 30.0 41.7 154.0 85 345 4 QHNTCB5025X0


1.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 5.5 50 157 16 QHNTCC5001X0

2.0 2.6 2.4 3.1 11.0 50 157 16 QHNTCC5002X0

2.5 3.3 3.0 3.9 13.7 50 157 16 QHNTCC5002X5

3.0 3.9 3.6 4.7 16.4 50 157 16 QHNTCC5003X0

4.0 5.2 4.8 6.3 21.9 50 157 16 QHNTCC5004X0

5.0 6.6 6.0 7.9 27.4 63.5 157 16 QHNTCC5005X0

6.0 7.9 7.2 9.4 32.9 75 165 8 QHNTCC5006X0

7.0 9.2 8.4 11.0 38.4 75 195 8 QHNTCC5007X0

7.5 9.8 9.0 11.8 41.1 75 195 8 QHNTCC5007X5

8.0 10.5 9.6 12.6 43.8 75 195 8 QHNTCC5008X0

10.0 13.1 12.0 15.7 54.8 75 195 8 QHNTCC5010X0

12.5 16.4 15.0 19.7 68.5 85 195 8 QHNTCC5012X5

15.0 19.7 18.0 23.6 82.2 85 270 4 QHNTCC5015X0

20.0 26.2 24.0 31.5 109.6 85 270 4 QHNTCC5020X0

25.0 32.8 30.0 39.4 137.0 85 345 4 QHNTCC5025X0

Three phase power capacitor (Normal Duty)

34


*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof. Note:Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Hercules –type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higherReplace X with E for export orders.

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

D(mm)

H(mm)

Pack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 4.6 50 157 16 QHNTCD5001X0

2.0 2.4 2.4 2.9 9.2 50 157 16 QHNTCD5002X0

2.5 3.0 3.0 3.6 11.5 50 157 16 QHNTCD5002X5

3.0 3.6 3.6 4.3 13.8 50 157 16 QHNTCD5003X0

4.0 4.8 4.8 5.8 18.4 63.5 157 16 QHNTCD5004X0

5.0 6.0 6.0 7.2 23.0 63.5 157 16 QHNTCD5005X0

6.0 7.2 7.2 8.7 27.6 75 165 8 QHNTCD5006X0

7.0 8.4 8.4 10.1 32.2 75 195 8 QHNTCD5007X0

7.5 9.0 9.0 10.8 34.5 75 195 8 QHNTCD5007X5

8.0 9.6 9.6 11.5 36.8 75 195 8 QHNTCD5008X0

10.0 12.0 12.0 14.4 46.0 85 270 8 QHNTCD5010X0

12.5 15.0 15.0 18.0 57.6 85 270 8 QHNTCD5012X5

15.0 18.0 18.0 21.7 69.1 85 270 4 QHNTCD5015X0

20.0 24.1 24.0 28.9 92.1 90 270 4 QHNTCD5020X0

25.0 30.1 30.0 36.1 115.1 85 345 4 QHNTCD5025X0

30.0 36.1 36.0 43.3 138.1 90 345 4 QHNTCD5030X0


1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 3.8 50 157 16 QHNTCF5001X0

2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 7.7 50 157 16 QHNTCF5002X0

2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 9.6 50 157 16 QHNTCF5002X5

3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 11.5 50 157 16 QHNTCF5003X0

4.0 4.4 4.8 5.3 15.4 63.5 157 16 QHNTCF5004X0

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.6 19.2 63.5 157 16 QHNTCF5005X0

6.0 6.6 7.2 7.9 23.1 75 195 8 QHNTCF5006X0

7.0 7.7 8.4 9.2 26.9 75 195 8 QHNTCF5007X0

7.5 8.2 9.0 9.9 28.9 75 195 8 QHNTCF5007X5

8.0 8.8 9.6 10.6 30.8 75 195 8 QHNTCF5008X0

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.2 38.5 75 195 8 QHNTCF5010X0

12.5 13.7 15.0 16.5 48.1 85 195 8 QHNTCF5012X5

15.0 16.5 18.0 19.8 57.7 85 270 8 QHNTCF5015X0

20.0 22.0 24.0 26.4 77.0 85 270 4 QHNTCF5020X0

25.0 27.5 30.0 33.0 96.2 90 270 4 QHNTCF5025X0


35


36


Phantom Three Phase PFC Capacitors (Heavy Duty)NonPCBSoftResinImpregnated•StackedWinding•TrippleSafetySystem

General

Phantom capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from Havells which have been used for PFC applications for more than 7 years. The power range varies from 1.0 to 25.0 KVAr. The Phantom capacitor is used for power factor correction in industrial applications where some amount of harmonics are presents.

Applications•PowerFactorCorrection(PFC)•Automaticcapacitorbanks•FixedPFCapplications,e.g.motorcompensation•DetunedPFCsystems•DynamicPFCsystems•FilterApplication

Features•Compactdesignincylindricalaluminumcanwithstud•Stackedwinding•MPPtechnology•Voltagerange400…525V•Outputrange1.0…25.0KVAr



Safety •Self-healing•Overpressuredisconnector•Shockhazardprotectedoptimizedcapacitorsafetyterminalsabove6KVAr


37



Parameter Unit Phantom



Tolerance 0 –10%

Connection Delta



Max. Ratings



Max. Permisible Current Imax.Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)




Losses:



Climatic Category




Design Data


Dimensions According to Specification Table Page No. 39, 40




Max. Tourque for Fixing Nm 4 Nm / 10 Nm

Mounting PositionUpright. Horizontal mounting with additional head support Possible.

Terminals Upto 5KVAr fast on and above clamp

Degree of Protection Safety IP20 optional IP54

Max. Tourque for Connection Terminals (6 KVAr and above) Nm 2.5 Nm

Safety






Ordering Code QHHTC*


Note:



38


Technical data, specifications & dimensional drawing of plastic top capacitor series up to 5 KVAr

Technical data, specifications & dimensional drawing of Metal top capacitor series above 5 KVAr

Diameter D1 (Ø) 79.5 mm / 89.5 mm / 94.5 mm Diameter D (Ø) 75.0 mm / 85.0 mm / 90 mm


Mounting

M 12

Torque T = 10 Nm

ToothedWasher 12.5

Hex nut 12

Diameter D (Ø) 50 / 63.5 / 68mm


Mounting

M 12 M8

(Ø 63.5 mm / 68 mm) (Ø 50 mm)

Torque T = 10 Nm T = 4 Nm

ToothedWasher 12.5 8.0

Hex nut 12 8

Terminal Cover for IP 54

12+

1

39


KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

D(mm)

H(mm)

Pack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.6 50 157 16 QHHTCQ5001X0

2 2.9 2.4 3.5 13.3 50 157 16 QHHTCQ5002X0

2.5 3.6 3 4.3 16.6 50 157 16 QHHTCQ5002X5

3 4.3 3.6 5.2 19.9 63.5 157 16 QHHTCQ5003X0

4 5.8 4.8 6.9 26.5 63.5 157 16 QHHTCQ5004X0

5 7.2 6 8.7 33.2 63.5 157 16 QHHTCQ5005X0

6 8.7 7.2 10.4 39.8 75 195 8 QHHTCQ5006X0

7 10.1 8.4 12.1 46.4 75 195 8 QHHTCQ5007X0

7.5 10.8 9 13 49.7 75 195 8 QHHTCQ5007X5

8.0 11.5 9.6 13.9 53.0 75 195 8 QHHTCQ5008X0

10 14.4 12 17.3 66.3 85 270 8 QHHTCQ5010X0

12.5 18 15 21.7 82.9 85 270 8 QHHTCQ5012X5

15 21.7 18 26 99.5 85 270 8 QHHTCQ5015X0

20 28.9 24 34.6 132.6 85 345 4 QHHTCQ5020X0

25 36.1 30 43.3 165.8 85 345 4 QHHTCQ5025X0


1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 50 157 16 QHHTCB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 50 157 16 QHHTCB5002X0

2.5 3.5 3 4.2 15.4 50 157 16 QHHTCB5002X5

3 4.2 3.6 5.0 18.5 63.5 157 16 QHHTCB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 63.5 157 16 QHHTCB5004X0

5 7.0 6 8.3 30.8 63.5 157 16 QHHTCB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10.0 37.0 75 195 8 QHHTCB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 75 195 8 QHHTCB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 85 195 8 QHHTCB5007X5

8.0 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 85 195 8 QHHTCB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 85 270 4 QHHTCB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77.0 85 270 4 QHHTCB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25.0 92.4 85 270 4 QHHTCB5015X0

20 27.8 24 33.4 123.2 85 345 4 QHHTCB5020X0

25 34.8 30.0 41.7 154.0 85 345 4 QHHTCB5025X0


1 1.3 1.2 1.6 5.5 50 157 16 QHHTCC5001X0

2 2.6 2.4 3.1 11.0 50 157 16 QHHTCC5002X0

2.5 3.3 3 3.9 13.7 50 157 16 QHHTCC5002X5

3 3.9 3.6 4.7 16.4 63.5 157 16 QHHTCC5003X0

4 5.2 4.8 6.3 21.9 63.5 157 16 QHHTCC5004X0

5 6.6 6 7.9 27.4 68 157 16 QHHTCC5005X0

6 7.9 7.2 9.4 32.9 75 195 8 QHHTCC5006X0

7 9.2 8.4 11.0 38.4 75 195 8 QHHTCC5007X0

7.5 9.8 9 11.8 41.1 75 195 8 QHHTCC5007X5

8.0 10.5 9.6 12.6 43.8 75 195 8 QHHTCC5008X0

10 13.1 12 15.7 54.8 85 270 8 QHHTCC5010X0

12.5 16.4 15 19.7 68.5 85 270 4 QHHTCC5012X5

15 19.7 18 23.6 82.2 85 270 4 QHHTCC5015X0

20 26.2 24 31.5 109.6 85 345 4 QHHTCC5020X0

25 32.8 30.0 39.4 137.0 90 345 4 QHHTCC5025X0

Three phase power capacitor (Heavy Duty)

40


*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof. Note:Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Phantom – Type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higherReplace X with E for export orders.

Three phase power capacitor (heavy duty)

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

D(mm)

H(mm)

Pack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1 1.2 1.2 1.4 4.6 50 157 16 QHHTCD5001X0

2 2.4 2.4 2.9 9.2 50 157 16 QHHTCD5002X0

2.5 3.0 3 3.6 11.5 50 157 16 QHHTCD5002X5

3 3.6 3.6 4.3 13.8 63.5 157 16 QHHTCD5003X0

4 4.8 4.8 5.8 18.4 63.5 157 16 QHHTCD5004X0

5 6.0 6 7.2 23.0 68 157 16 QHHTCD5005X0

6 7.2 7.2 8.7 27.6 75 195 8 QHHTCD5006X0

7 8.4 8.4 10.1 32.2 75 195 8 QHHTCD5007X0

7.5 9.0 9 10.8 34.5 75 195 8 QHHTCD5007X5

8.0 9.6 9.6 11.5 36.8 75 195 8 QHHTCD5008X0

10 12.0 12 14.4 46.0 85 270 8 QHHTCD5010X0

12.5 15.0 15 18.0 57.6 85 270 4 QHHTCD5012X5

15 18.0 18 21.7 69.1 85 270 4 QHHTCD5015X0

20 24.1 24 28.9 92.1 85 345 4 QHHTCD5020X0

25 30.1 30.0 36.1 115.1 90 345 4 QHHTCD5025X0


1 1.1 1.2 1.3 3.8 50 157 16 QHHTCF5001X0

2 2.2 2.4 2.6 7.7 50 157 16 QHHTCF5002X0

2.5 2.7 3 3.3 9.6 50 157 16 QHHTCF5002X5

3 3.3 3.6 4.0 11.5 63.5 157 16 QHHTCF5003X0

4 4.4 4.8 5.3 15.4 63.5 157 16 QHHTCF5004X0

5 5.5 6 6.6 19.2 63.5 187 16 QHHTCF5005X0

6 6.6 7.2 7.9 23.1 75 195 8 QHHTCF5006X0

7 7.7 8.4 9.2 26.9 75 195 8 QHHTCF5007X0

7.5 8.2 9 9.9 28.9 75 195 8 QHHTCF5007X5

8.0 8.8 9.6 10.6 30.8 85 195 8 QHHTCF5008X0

10 11.0 12 13.2 38.5 85 270 8 QHHTCF5010X0

12.5 13.7 15 16.5 48.1 85 270 4 QHHTCF5012X5

15 16.5 18 19.8 57.7 85 270 4 QHHTCF5015X0

20 22.0 24 26.4 77.0 90 270 4 QHHTCF5020X0

25 27.5 30.0 33.0 96.2 90 345 4 QHHTCF5025X0

41


42



Agri Boost Three Phase PFC CapacitorsNonPCBSoftResinImpregnated•StackedWinding•TrippleSafetySystem

General Agri Boost capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from Havells which have been used for PFC applications for more than 7 years. The power range varies from 1.0 to 15.0 KVAr.

The Agri Boost capacitor is used for power factor correction.

Applications•AgricultureUse

Features•Compactdesignincylindricalaluminumcanwithstud•Stackedwinding•MPPtechnology•Voltagerange415V •Outputrange1.0…15.0KVAr



43



Parameter Unit Agri Boost

Reference Standard IS 13340


Tolerance 0 –10%

Connection Delta



Max. Ratings



Max. Permisible Current Imax.Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)




Losses:


– Total <0.4W/KVAr

Climatic Category




Mean Life Expectancy tLD (co) 100000 Hrs

Design Data


Dimensions According to Specification Table Page No. 44




Mounting PositionUpright. Horizontal mounting with additional head support Possible.

Terminals WireTerminal

Degree of Protection Safety IP54

Max. Tourque for Connection Terminals (6 KVAr and above) Nm

Safety






Ordering Code QHATC*

Note:



44


Three phase power capacitor

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

D(mm)

H(mm)

Pack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz

Rated Voltage 415 V AC (Normal Duty)

1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 40 157 16 QHATCB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 40 157 16 QHATCB5002X0

3 4.2 3.6 5 18.5 50 157 16 QHATCB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 50 157 16 QHATCB5004X0

5 7 6 8.3 30.8 50 157 16 QHATCB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10 37 63.5 157 16 QHATCB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 63.5 157 16 QHATCB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 63.5 157 16 QHATCB5007X5

8 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 63.5 157 16 QHATCB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 68 192 16 QHATCB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77 85 192 8 QHATCB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25 92.4 85 192 8 QHATCB5015X0

Rated Voltage 415 V AC (Heavy Duty)

1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 40 157 16 QHITCB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 50 157 16 QHITCB5002X0

3 4.2 3.6 5 18.5 63.5 157 16 QHITCB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 63.5 157 16 QHITCB5004X0

5 7 6 8.3 30.8 68 157 16 QHITCB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10 37 63 192 16 QHITCB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 68 192 16 QHITCB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 68 192 16 QHITCB5007X5

8 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 75 192 8 QHITCB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 85 192 8 QHITCB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77 85 270 4 QHITCB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25 92.4 85 270 4 QHITCB5015X0

*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof. Note:Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Agri Boost – Type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higher

45


Havells easy way to perform energy consumption studies – Harmonic AnalysisFor finding energy waste in commercial, factory buildings and equipment through energy consumption studies and electrical load analysis and perform power quality logging and analysis according to IEEE 519 – 1992 IEEE Recommended Practices & Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power System.

Electronicequipmentstudymeasuresvirtuallyeverypowersystemparameter:voltage,current,frequency,power,energyconsumption,cos f or power factor, unbalance, and harmonics and inter-harmonics.

Measureandrecordpower(W),VAandVARs.

The System-Monitor overview screen gives instant insight into whether the voltage, harmonics, frequency, and the number of dips and swells fall outside the set limits.provides analysis of user-selectable parameters to find intermittent problems or relate PQ issues to other phenomena/events.

Graph shows voltage and current unbalance, and helps verify connections

Load studies and energy assessments

• Monitor maximum power demand over user-defined averaging periods

• Demonstrate the benefit of efficiency improvements withenergy consumption tests

• Measureharmonicdistortioncausedbyelectronicloads• Analyze reliability problems by capturing voltage dips and

swells from load switching• Showcaseeventslikedipsandswells,interruptionsandrapid

voltage changes, based upon ½ cycle rms values.• Meets the stringent 600 V CAT IV, 1000 V CAT III safety

standard required for measurements at service entrance

Analyze every parameter on display

For queries & price offer on harmonic analysis, please e-mail: [email protected] or contact our nearest sales offices.

customize measurement selections and provides analysis of user-selectable parameters to find intermittent problems or relate PQ issues to other phenomena/events.

46


Square Cap PFC Capacitor

Mini Master / Master Three Phase PFC Capacitors (Normal Duty)NonPCBSoftResinImpregnated•ModularConstruction•TrippleSafetySystem

General Mini Master / Master capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from Havells which have been used for PFC applications for more than 7 years. The power range varies from 1.0 to 30.0 KVAr. The Mini Master / Master capacitor is used for power factor correction in industrial applications.

Applications•PowerFactorCorrection(PFC)•Automaticcapacitorbanks•FixedPFCapplications,e.g.motorcompensation•DetunedPFCsystems•DynamicPFCsystems•FilterApplication

Features•CompactdesigninpowdercoatedMSenclosurewithbasemountingfacility•ModularConstruction•MPPtechnology•Voltagerange400…525V•Outputrange1.0…100.0KVAr



Safety•Self-healingshield•Overpressuredisconnectorshield•Notchshield

47


Square PFC capacitor series for power factor correction


Parameter Unit Mini Master / Master



Tolerance 0 – 10%

Connection Delta



Max. Ratings







Losses:



Climatic Category



Permisible Altitute Max. 4000 M above sea level


Design Data





Fixing Base Mounting

Mounting Position Upright

Degree of Protection Safety IP41 Fabricated sheet metal

Safety






Ordering Code QHNTM*

Note:



48


Frame Size A1 A2 A3 D H

B00 120 132 144 50 180

B0 155 167 179 60 225

B1 195 217 239 75 290

B2 220 242 264 80 290

B3 220 242 264 160 300

Technical Data, Specifications & Dimensional Drawing

Dimensions in (mm)

KVAr Bank Rating A1 A2 A3 D H K

50 25 X 2 nos 220 242 264 320 325 410

75 25 X 3 nos 220 242 264 480 325 570

100 25 X 4 nos 220 242 264 640 390 725

Dimensions in (mm)

D A1 A2

A3

K

H

H

A1

A3

A2D

49


*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof.

Note:QHNTW is with wire terminal & QHNTM is with bolt terminal.Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Minimaster & Master – Type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higher

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)

Frame SizePack Unit*

Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 B00 30 QHNTMB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 B00 30 QHNTMB5002X0

3 4.2 3.6 5 18.5 B0 24 QHNTMB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 B0 24 QHNTMB5004X0

5 7 6 8.3 30.8 B0 24 QHNTMB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10 37 B1 1 QHNTMB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 B1 1 QHNTMB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 B1 1 QHNTMB5007X5

8 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 B1 1 QHNTMB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 B1 1 QHNTMB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77 B2 1 QHNTMB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25 92.4 B2 1 QHNTMB5015X0

20 27.8 24 33.4 (2 X 61.6) B3 1 QHNTMB5020X0

25 34.8 30 41.7 (2 X 77.0) B3 1 QHNTMB5025X0

30 41.7 36 50.1 (2 X 92.4) B3 1 QHNTCB5030X0

50 69.6 60 83.5 (4 X 77.0) 25 X 2 NOS** 1 QHNTMB5050X0

75 104.3 90 125.2 (6 X 77.0) 25 X 3 NOS** 1 QHNTMB5075X0

100 139.1 120 166.9 (8 X 77.0) 25 X 4 NOS** 1 QHNTMB5100X0


1 1.3 1.2 1.6 5.5 B00 30 QHNTMC5001X0

2 2.6 2.4 3.1 11 B00 30 QHNTMC5002X0

3 3.9 3.6 4.7 16.4 B0 24 QHNTMC5003X0

4 5.2 4.8 6.3 21.9 B0 24 QHNTMC5004X0

5 6.6 6 7.9 27.4 B0 24 QHNTMC5005X0

6 7.9 7.2 9.4 32.9 B1 1 QHNTMC5006X0

7 9.2 8.4 11 38.4 B1 1 QHNTMC5007X0

7.5 9.8 9 11.8 41.1 B1 1 QHNTMC5007X5

8 10.5 9.6 12.6 43.8 B1 1 QHNTMC5008X0

10 13.1 12 15.7 54.8 B1 1 QHNTMC5010X0

12.5 16.4 15 19.7 68.5 B2 1 QHNTMC5012X5

15 19.7 18 23.6 82.2 B2 1 QHNTMC5015X0

20 26.2 24 31.5 (2 X 54.8) B3 1 QHNTMC5020X0

25 32.8 30 39.4 (2 X 68.5) B3 1 QHNTMC5025X0

30 39.4 36 47.2 (2 X 82.2) B3 1 QHNTMC5030X0

50 65.6 60 78.7 (4 X 68.5) 25 X 2 NOS** 1 QHNTMC5050X0

75 98.4 90 118.1 (6 X 68.5) 25 X 3 NOS** 1 QHNTMC5075X0

100 131.2 120 157.5 (8 X 68.5) 25 X 4 NOS** 1 QHNTMC5100X0


50



Master Plus Three Phase PFC Capacitors (Heavy Duty)NonPCBSoftResinImpregnated•ModularConstruction•TrippleSafetySystem

GeneralMaster Plus capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from Havells which have been used for PFC applications for

more than 7 years. The power range varies from 1.0 to 100.0 KVAr.

The Master Plus capacitor is used for power factor correction in industrial applications.



Features•CompactdesigninpowdercoatedMSenclosurewithbasemountingfacility•ModularConstruction•MPPtechnology

•Voltagerange400…525V•Outputrange1.0…100.0KVAr

Electrical•Longlifeexpectancyofupto130000hours•Max.transientinrushcurrenthandlingcapabilityis250xIR•Reducedmountingcosts•Easyinstallationandconnection•Lowweightandcompactvolume

•Maintenance-free


CHAMP

51


Square PFC capacitor series for power factor correction

Parameter Unit Master Plus



Tolerance 0 – 10%

Connection Delta



Max. Ratings


Max. Permisible Current Imax. Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)




Losses:



Climatic Category




Design Data








Safety






Ordering Code QHHTM*


Note:



CHAMP

52



Dimensions in (mm)

Dimensions in (mm)

D A1 A2

A3

K

H

H

A1

A3

A2D


B00 120 132 144 50 180

B0 155 167 179 60 225

B1 195 217 239 75 290

B2 220 242 264 80 290

B3 220 242 264 160 300


50 25 X 2 nos 220 242 264 320 325 410

75 25 X 3 nos 220 242 264 480 325 570

100 25 X 4 nos 220 242 264 640 390 725

CHAMP

53


*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof. Note:Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Master Plus – Type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higher

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)


Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 B00 30 QHHTMB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 B00 30 QHHTMB5002X0

3 4.2 3.6 5 18.5 B0 24 QHHTMB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 B0 24 QHHTMB5004X0

5 7 6 8.3 30.8 B1 24 QHHTMB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10 37 B1 1 QHHTMB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 B1 1 QHHTMB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 B1 1 QHHTMB5007X5

8 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 B1 1 QHHTMB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 B2 1 QHHTMB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77 B2 1 QHHTMB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25 92.4 B2 1 QHHTMB5015X0

20 27.8 24 33.4 (2 X 61.6) B3 1 QHHTMB5020X0

25 34.8 30 41.7 (2 X 77.0) B3 1 QHHTMB5025X0

30 41.7 36 50.1 (2 X 92.4) B3 1 QHHTCB5030X0

50 69.6 60 83.5 (4 X 77.0) 25 X 2 NOS** 1 QHHTMB5050X0

75 104.3 90 125.2 (6 X 77.0) 25 X 3 NOS** 1 QHHTMB5075X0

100 139.1 120 166.9 (8 X 77.0) 25 X 4 NOS** 1 QHHTMB5100X0


1 1.3 1.2 1.6 5.5 B00 30 QHHTMC5001X0

2 2.6 2.4 3.1 11 B00 30 QHHTMC5002X0

3 3.9 3.6 4.7 16.4 B0 24 QHHTMC5003X0

4 5.2 4.8 6.3 21.9 B0 24 QHHTMC5004X0

5 6.6 6 7.9 27.4 B1 24 QHHTMC5005X0

6 7.9 7.2 9.4 32.9 B1 1 QHHTMC5006X0

7 9.2 8.4 11 38.4 B1 1 QHHTMC5007X0

7.5 9.8 9 11.8 41.1 B1 1 QHHTMC5007X5

8 10.5 9.6 12.6 43.8 B1 1 QHHTMC5008X0

10 13.1 12 15.7 54.8 B2 1 QHHTMC5010X0

12.5 16.4 15 19.7 68.5 B2 1 QHHTMC5012X5

15 19.7 18 23.6 82.2 B2 1 QHHTMC5015X0

20 26.2 24 31.5 (2 X 54.8) B3 1 QHHTMC5020X0

25 32.8 30 39.4 (2 X 68.5) B3 1 QHHTMC5025X0

30 39.4 36 47.2 (2 X 82.2) B3 1 QHHTMC5030X0

50 65.6 60 78.7 (4 X 68.5) 25 X 2 NOS** 1 QHHTMC5050X0

75 98.4 90 118.1 (6 X 68.5) 25 X 3 NOS** 1 QHHTMC5075X0

100 131.2 120 157.5 (8 X 68.5) 25 X 4 NOS** 1 QHHTMC5100X0

Three phase power capacitor (Heavy Duty)CHAMP

54



Champion Three Phase PFC Capacitors (Super Heavy Duty-Double Dielectric)SoftResinImpregnated•ModularConstruction•TrippleSafetySystem

GeneralChampion capacitors are MPP (metalized polypropylene) capacitors from Havells which have been used for PFC applications for more

than 7 years. The power range varies from 1.0 to 100.0 KVAr.

The Champion capacitor is used for power factor correction in industrial applications.



Features•CompactdesigninsquareMSenclosurewithbasemountingfacility•ModularConstruction•MPPtechnology

•DoubleDielectric•Voltagerange400…525V•Outputrange1.0…100.0KVAr


Mechanical and maintenance•Reducedmountingcosts•Easyinstallationandconnection•Lowweightandcompactvolume

•Maintenance-free


55


Parameter Unit Champion



Tolerance 0 – 10%

Connection Delta



Max. Ratings


Max. Permisible Current Imax. Up to 1.3 x IR (up to 1.5 x IR incl. combined effects of harmonics, over voltages and capacitance)




Losses:



Climatic Category





Design Data








Safety






Ordering Code QHSTM*

Square PFC capacitor series for power factor correction (Super heavy duty)


Note:



56



Dimensions in (mm)

Dimensions in (mm)

D A1 A2

A3

K

H

H

A1

A3

A2D


B0 155 167 179 60 225

B1 195 217 239 75 290

B2 220 242 264 80 290

B4 220 242 264 80 390

B5 220 242 264 160 400


50 25 X 2 nos 220 242 264 320 425 410

75 25 X 3 nos 220 242 264 480 425 570

100 25 X 4 nos 220 242 264 640 490 725

57


*Packing units for capacitors equal minimum order quantity. Orders will be rounded up to packing unit or multiple thereof. Note:Customized products available upon request. Minimum Order Quantity 50 Nos. All Master Plus – Type capacitors may be used for 60Hz, the output will be 1.2 times higher

KVArCurrent

(A)KVAr

Current (A)

Capacitance (3XµF)


Product Code

50Hz 60Hz


1 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.2 B1 1 QHSTMB5001X0

2 2.8 2.4 3.3 12.3 B1 1 QHSTMB5002X0

3 4.2 3.6 5 18.5 B2 1 QHSTMB5003X0

4 5.6 4.8 6.7 24.6 B2 1 QHSTMB5004X0

5 7 6 8.3 30.8 B2 1 QHSTMB5005X0

6 8.3 7.2 10 37 B4 1 QHSTMB5006X0

7 9.7 8.4 11.7 43.1 B4 1 QHSTMB5007X0

7.5 10.4 9 12.5 46.2 B4 1 QHSTMB5007X5

8 11.1 9.6 13.4 49.3 B4 1 QHSTMB5008X0

10 13.9 12 16.7 61.6 B4 1 QHSTMB5010X0

12.5 17.4 15 20.9 77 B4 1 QHSTMB5012X5

15 20.9 18 25 (2 X46.2) B5 1 QHSTMB5015X0

20 27.8 24 33.4 (2 X 61.6) B5 1 QHSTMB5020X0

25 34.8 30 41.7 (2 X 77.0) B5 1 QHSTMB5025X0

30 41.7 36 50.1 (4 X 46.2) 15 X 2 NOS* 1 QHSTCB5030X0

50 69.6 60 83.5 (4 X 77.0) 25 X 2 NOS* 1 QHSTMB5050X0

75 104.3 90 125.2 (6 X 77.0) 25 X 3 NOS* 1 QHSTMB5075X0

100 139.1 120 166.9 (8 X 77.0) 25 X 4 NOS* 1 QHSTMB5100X0


1 1.3 1.2 1.6 5.5 B1 1 QHSTMC5001X0

2 2.6 2.4 3.1 11 B1 1 QHSTMC5002X0

3 3.9 3.6 4.7 16.4 B2 1 QHSTMC5003X0

4 5.2 4.8 6.3 21.9 B2 1 QHSTMC5004X0

5 6.6 6 7.9 27.4 B2 1 QHSTMC5005X0

6 7.9 7.2 9.4 32.9 B4 1 QHSTMC5006X0

7 9.2 8.4 11 38.4 B4 1 QHSTMC5007X0

7.5 9.8 9 11.8 41.1 B4 1 QHSTMC5007X5

8 10.5 9.6 12.6 43.8 B4 1 QHSTMC5008X0

10 13.1 12 15.7 54.8 B4 1 QHSTMC5010X0

12.5 16.4 15 19.7 68.5 B4 1 QHSTMC5012X5

15 19.7 18 23.6 (2 X 41.1) B5 1 QHSTMC5015X0

20 26.2 24 31.5 (2 X 54.8) B5 1 QHSTMC5020X0

25 32.8 30 39.4 (2 X 68.5) B5 1 QHSTMC5025X0

30 39.4 36 47.2 (4 X 41.1) 15 X 2 NOS* 1 QHSTMC5030X0

50 65.6 60 78.7 (4 X 68.5) 25 X 2 NOS* 1 QHSTMC5050X0

75 98.4 90 118.1 (6 X 68.5) 25 X 3 NOS* 1 QHSTMC5075X0

100 131.2 120 157.5 (8 X 68.5) 25 X 4 NOS* 1 QHSTMC5100X0

Three phase power capacitor (super heavy duty)

58


Anti-Resonance Harmonic Filter

GeneralThe increasing use of modern power electronic apparatus (drives, uninterruptible power supplies, etc) produces nonlinear current and thus influences and loads the network with harmonics (line pollution). The power factor correction or capacitance of the power capacitor forms a resonant circuit in conjunction with the feeding transformer. Experience shows that the selfresonant frequency of this circuit is typically between 250 and 500 Hz, i.e. in the region of the 5th and 7th harmonics.

Sucharesonancealthoughcanleadtothefollowingundesirableeffects:

• Overloadingofcapacitors

• Overloadingoftransformersandtransmissionequipment

• Interferencewithmeteringandcontrolsystems,computersandelectricalgear

• Resonanceelevation,i.e.amplificationofharmonics

• Voltagedistortion.

These resonance phenomena can be avoided by connecting capacitors in series with filter reactors in the PFC system. These so called “detuned” PFC systems are scaled. in a way that the self-resonant frequency is below the lowest line harmonic. The detuned PFC system is purely inductive seen by harmonics above this frequency. For the base line frequency (50 or 60 Hz usually), the detuned system on the other hand acts purely capacitive, thus correcting the reactive power.

Applications•Avoidanceofresonanceconditions

•Tunedanddetunedharmonicfilters

•Reductionofharmonicdistortion(networkclearing)

•Reductionofpowerlosses

Features•Highharmonicloadingcapability

•Verylowlosses

•Highlinearitytoavoidchoketilt

•Lownoise

•Convenientmounting

•Longexpectedlifetime

•Temperatureprotection(NCcontact)

Mechanical and maintenance•Lowmountingcosts

•Easyinstallationandconnection

•Compactvolume

•Maintenance-free

Safety•Temperatureprotection

59


Technical Data

Reference Standard IEC 61558 / IS 5553

Tolerance of Inductance ±3%

Harmonics*






Effective current Irms Irms = ß®(I12+I32 ... I132)

Fundamental current I I1 = 1.06 · IR (50 Hz or 60 Hz current of capacitor)

Insulation (winding-core) Kv 3 Kv

Temperature protection Microswitch (NC)

Dimensional drawings and terminals

See specific datasheets

Three-phase filter reactors to EN 60289 / IEC 61558

Frequency f 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Voltage V AC 400, 440 V AC

Output KVAr 5 … 100 KVAr

Detuning Factor 5.67%,7%,14%

Cooling Natural

Ambient temperature °C 40°C

Humidity 95%

Insulation class H

Class of protection I

Enclosure IP00

Max. Permissible Attitude Max. 4000M above sea level

Terminals Lugs / Busbar

Design Data

Dimensions According to specification table page no

Weight Approx. According to specification table page no

Safety- All reactors are provided with a sepaerate screw terminal for the temperature switch (opening switch) which is located indisde the central coil.

Response Temperature °C 1400C

Voltage V AC 250 V AC (<4A) ... 500 V AC (<2A)

Ordering Code QHDTM*


60


Selection of Filter

Determine the necessary effective power (KVAr) of the capacitor

bank in order to obtain the desired PF.

Design the capacitor stages in such a way that the sensitivity of

thebank isaround15–20%ofthetotalavailablepower. It’snot

usefultohaveamoresensitivebankthatreactswitha5or10%

of the total power because this would lead to a high amount of

switching operations, wasting the equipment unnecessarily when

the real objective is to have a high average PF.

Try to design the bank with standard KVAr values of effective

power steps, preferably multiples of 25 KVAr

Measure the presence of harmonic currents in the main feeder

cable of the system without capacitors at all possible load

conditions. Determine frequency and maximum amplitude for

every harmonic that could exist. Calculate the Total Harmonic

Distortion of Current

THD-I=100•SQR[(I3)2+(I5)2+...+(IR)2]/Il

CalculateeveryexistingvalueforTHD-IR=100•IR/Il

Measure the presence of harmonic voltages that might come from

outside your system, if possible measure the HV side.

Calculate the Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage

THD-V=100•SQR[(U3)2+(U5)2+...+(UN)2]/Ul

The following table shows a comparison for various reactor/

capacitorcombinationsatfundamentalfrequencyof50Hz:

p -Detuned factor

f - Fundamental frequency

f Res -Resonating frequency

Resonance frequency De-tuning factor

210 Hz 5.67189 Hz 7134 Hz 14

Losses

The 50 Hz losses are comparatively low but when the filter circuit reactors are installed into the cabinet, they are charged with additional currents, predominantly those of the 5, 7 & 11 harmonics. Then the total heat losses dissipated can be of a level whereby they have to be extracted from the cabinet, by means of fans.

Terminals:theterminalsforfiltercircuitreactorsaredesignedascable terminals.

Design Features

Havells filter reactors are designed with properties like low temperature rise and lower flux density so that it can operate with worst conditions of Harmonic overloads. Reactors are available withdetunedfactorof5.67%,7%and14%in5,10,15,20,25,50 KVAr rating. Any other specific rating can be made as per the request from the customer.

An integrated switch allows external monitoring and/ or discon-nection of the reactor in the event of impermissible built up of heat.


61


When installing capacitors for PFC purpose, the problem ofdealing with harmonics has to be faced. They have to be taken into account when designing the PFC system in order to prevent parallel and / or series resonance conditions that would damage thewholeelectricalsystem.WhenPFCcapacitorsareconnected,the inductance of the transformer together with the capacitors forms a resonant circuit that could be excited by a harmonic current generated by the load. This resonant circuit has a resonance frequency, and if a harmonic current of this frequency (or close to it) exists, it will lead the circuit into a resonance condition where high currentwill flow through the branches (L: the transformer,and C: the capacitor bank), overloading them and raising thevoltage across them and across the whole electrical system that is connected in parallel. PFC detuned filtering is a tech nique to correct the power factor avoiding the risk of resonance condition performed by shifting the resonance frequency to lower values where no harmonic currents are present.

This is achieved by modifying the basic LC circuit formed by the transformer and the capacitor bank, introducing a filter reactor in series with the capacitors, making this way a more complex resonant circuit but with the desired feature of having a resonance frequency below the first existing harmonic. This way it’snotpossibletohavearealresonancecondition.Besidesthismain objective, the reactor connected in series with capacitors form a series resonant circuit with a certain tuning frequency at which the branch will offer a low impedancepath. Filtering of harmonic currents and “cleaning” of the grid will be achieved. Components for PFC detuned filters must be carefully selected according to the desired PFC purpose, to the harmonics present in the system, to some features of the system like short circuit power and impedances, to the desired filtering effect and to the characteristics of the resonant circuit configured.

For example, the voltage across the capacitors will be higher than the nominal grid voltage when they have a reactor connected in series. The reactors must be selected in line with the inductance value to obtain the desired tuning frequency and current capabi lity high enough for the harmonic current absorption that can be expected. The tuning frequency is usually indirectly referred to as the detuning factor p and expressed as a percentage.

Detuned PFC in general

XL ƒ 2p = 100 · ––– = (–––––) · 100

XC ƒRES

Detuned PFC Important Facts and InstructionsImportant design instructions to be followed for detuned PFC Systems

1) Determine the necessary effective power (KVAr) of the capacitor bank in order to obtain the desired PF.

2) Design the capacitor stages in such a way that the sensibility of the bank is around 15–20% of the total available power.It’snotusefultohaveamoresensitivebankthatreactswitha5or10%of the totalpowerbecausethiswould leadtoahigh amount of switching operations, wasting the equipment unnecessarily when the real objective is to have a high average PF.

3) Try to design the bank with standard KVAr values of effective power steps, preferably multiples of 25 KVAr.

4) Measure the presence of harmonic currents in the main feeder cable of the system without capacitors at all possible load conditions. Determine frequency and maximum ampli tude for every harmonic that could exist. Calcu late the Total Harmonic DistortionofCurrentTHD-I=100·SQR[(I3)2+(I5)2+...+(IR)2]/IlCalculateeveryexistingvalueforTHD-IR=100·IR/Il

5) Measure the presence of harmonic voltages that might come from outside your system, if possible measure the HV side. Calculate the Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage THD-V = 100·SQR[(V3)2+(V5)2+...+(VN)2]/Vl

6) Are thereharmonicssuchasTHD-I>10%orTHD-V>3%(measured without capacitors)? If YES use PFC-DF and go to consideration 7. If NO use standard PFC and skip considerations 7, 8 and 9.

7) Is there 3rd harmonic content, I3 > 0.2 · I5? If YES use PFC-DFwithp=14%andskipconsideration8.IfNOusePFC-DFwithp=7%or5.67%andgotoconsideration

8) THD-Vis:3–7%usePFC-DFwithp=7%>7%usePFC-DFwithp=5.67%>10%askforspecialfilterdesign

9) Select the proper components using Havells tables for PFC-DF and standard values for effective power, the voltage and frequency of your grid, and the determined detuned factor p.

10) Always use genuine Havells application-specific designed components for PFC-DF. Please observe that reactors are specified for their effective power at grid voltage and frequency. This power will be the real effective power of the whole LC set at fundamental frequency. Capacitors for PFC-DF must beselectedforahigherratedvoltagethanthegrid’sbecauseof the overvoltage caused by the series connection with the reactor. Contactors for capacitors are designed as application-specific to reduce inrush capacitors currents and to handle capacitive loads in a reliable way.

PFC detuned filtering is an engi neer ing speciality that takes ex per ienced know-how to implement it in a satisfying and safe way. The design-instructions for detuned PFC systems on page 75 have to be followed to ensure an optimum performance of the PFC system.

Note: The recommendations given in the selection tables aremeant as a support tool. does not take over any responsibility for the design as apart from the theoretical conditions the prevailing circumstances in the application have to be taken into account.

62


Technical Data and Specifications

Notes: 1) AllDimensionsareinM.M. 2) ToleranceonDimension-Overall(L,W,H)-+/-1% Mounting - +/-2MM" 3) Total max. losses, considering max. specified overvoltage and harmonic currents* 4) Other Voltages on request 5) Other Voltages/KVAr drawing may be changed QHDTMCV005X0:5KVAr/440V-OrderforothervoltagesReplace C with Q for 400V

QHDTMCV005X0:5KVAr/440V-OrderforotherdetuningfactorReplace V with U for 5.67% and W for 14%

U V W

50Hz

5.67% 7% 14%

Q C

400V 440V


Ordering Code

Copper

QHDTMCV005X0

QHDTMCV010X0

QHDTMCV012X5

QHDTMCV015X0

QHDTMCV020X0

QHDTMCV025X0

QHDTMCV050X0

QHDTMCV075X0

QHDTMCV100X0

QHTTMCV010X0

QHTTMCV012X5

QHTTMCV015X0

QHTTMCV020X0

QHTTMCV025X0

QHTTMCV050X0

QHTTMCV075X0

QHTTMCV100X0

QHTTMCV005X0

Aluminium

KVAr Current InductanceNet

WeightLosses

Insulation Class

A mH Kg Watts L W H n1 n2 b Ød1 Slotsize

dist between

slot ØG

5 6.56A 9.33mH 9 70W H 220 145 165 140 90 125 8 7 x 20 60 6

10 13.12A 4.64mH 11 80W H 220 145 165 140 90 125 8 8 x 25 60 6

12.5 16.6A 3.71mH 15 90W H 220 145 165 140 90 125 8 8 x 25 60 6

15 19.68A 3.10mH 20 130W H 225 145 205 150 94 116 8 7 x 20 76 6

20 26.24A 2.31mH 20 150w H 225 145 205 150 94 116 8 7 x 20 76 8

25 32.8A 1.86mH 24 170w H 225 145 205 150 94 116 8 7 x 20 76 8

50 65.6A 0.926mH 35 250w H 265 170 235 150 104 132 8 7 x 20 88 8

75 99A 0.618mH 47 340w H 300 175 270 265 113 143 10 10 x 20 100 10

100 131.5A 0.464mH 58 380w H 300 200 270 265 140 170 10 10 x 20 100 10

5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 13.12A 4.64mH 10 90w H 220 150 165 150 90 125 8 8 x 25 65 6

12.5 16.6A 3.71mH 12 100w H 240 160 165 150 90 125 8 8 x 25 65 8

15 19.68A 3.10mH 20 140w H 225 175 205 150 94 116 8 7 x 20 76 8

20 26.24A 2.10mH 20 160w H 225 175 210 150 94 116 8.5 7 x 20 76 8

25 32.5A 37.2mH 20 180w H 240 190 210 170 94 116 8.5 7 x 20 86 8

50 65.6A 0.926mH 28 270w H 285 220 235 210 104 132 8.5 7 x 20 103 10

75 99A 0.618mH 41 360w H 340 180 270 265 113 143 10 10 x 20 115 10

100 131.5A 0.464mH 52 400w H 340 270 270 265 140 170 10 10 X 20 115 12

Dimensions (mm)/Tolerance

Elevation

Busbar

d60

n1 n2

b

H

W

L

R.H. Side View

G

63



Calculation of the requested rated capacitor output in detuned filter circuits (factors to be multiplied with the required output per step

Example:Requiredoutputperstepatsupplyvoltage: 50KVAr

Supplyvoltage: 440V

Detuningfactor: 7%

Ratedvoltageofcapacitor: 525V

Factorofthetable: 1.324

Requestedratedoutputofthecapacitors:50KVArX1.327= 66.2

Selection:2(PFCcapacitors)x 33.1

* For filter circuits the capacitor rated voltage has to be chosen always higher than the supply voltage. i.e.:fundamentalvoltageincreasedbythereactorandharmonics

Rated voltage *of capacitor (V)

Detuning Factor (%)

5 5.5 6 7 12.5 13 14

440 1.068 1.062 1.057 - - - -

525 1.520 1.512 1.504 1.488 1.400 1.392 1.376


Detuning Factor (%)

5 5.5 6 7 12.5 13 14

440 1.150 1.143 1.137 1.125 - - -

525 1.637 1.628 1.619 1.602 1.507 1.499 1.481

Supply Voltage: 400V





Detuning Factor (%)

5 5.5 6 7 12.5 13 14

525 1.352 1.345 1.338 1.324 1.246 1.239 1.224


Detuning Factor (%)

5 5.5 6 7 12.5 13 14

525 1.136 1.130 1.125 1.113 - - -

660 1.796 1.787 1.777 1.758 1.654 1.645 1.626

64


Detuned factor %

Effective filter output KVAr

Grid voltage

Capacitor voltage Selection

Capacitor output KVAr

Capacitance 3 * µF

Reactor inductivity 3 * mH

IRMS(Ieff)

Rated voltage V = 400 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 5.67% (fr = 210 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥ 0.95 * LR for current up to 2.08 * I1

5.67

5.00 KVAr

400 V 440 V

5.71 KVAr 31.3 µF 6.13 mH 8.78 AMP

10.00 KVAr 11.41 KVAr 62.6 µF 3.06 mH 17.55 AMP









Rated voltage V = 400 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 7% (fr = 189 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥ 0.95 * LR for current up to 1.73 * I1

7

5.00 KVAr

400 V 440 V

5.63 KVAr 30.9 µF 7.67 mH 8.03 AMP










Rated voltage V = 400 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 14% (fr = 135 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥ 0.95 * LR for current up to 1.37 * I1

14

5.00 KVAr

400 V 480 V

6.19 KVAr 28.5 µF 16.59 mH 7.69 AMP










Component selection table for dynamic pfc Anti-resonance Filter Circuit

Grid: 400 V - 50 Hz Detuned Filters components selection table


65


Detuned factor %

Effective filter output KVAr

Grid voltage

Capacitor voltage Selection

Capacitor output KVAr

Capacitance 3 * µF

Reactor inductivity 3 * mH

IRMS(Ieff)

Rated voltage V = 440 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 5.67% (fr = 210 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥0.95•LRforcurrentupto2.08•I1

5.67

5.00 KVAr

440 V 480 V

5.61 KVAr 25.9 µF 7.41 mH 7.98 AMP










Rated voltage V = 440 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 7% (fr = 189 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥0.95•LRforcurrentupto1.73•I1

7

5.00 KVAr

440 V 480 V

5.53 KVAr 25.5 µF 9.33 mH 7.30 AMP










Rated voltage V = 440 V, f = 50 Hz, p = 14% (fr = 135 Hz) / Linearity: L ≥0.95•LRforcurrentupto1.37•I1

14

5.00 KVAr

440 V 525 V

6.12 KVAr 23.6 µF 20.07 mH 6.99 AMP










Grid: 440 V - 50 Hz Detuned Filters components selection table


66


GeneralIPFC Relay for Power Factor Correction in Low Voltage applications measures the actual power factor and connect or disconnect capacitors to achieve a target power factor. The single phase electronic measuring system detects the reactive and active component of the network through the current and voltage path. From this it calculates the phase shift between current and voltage and compares this with the set target power factor.

If there are deviations of the power factor, capacitor stages are switched in and out by the IPFC relay. The contactor control logic is optimised so that the desired power factor is achieved with minimum switching operations, thus ensuring an optimised life cycle of the capacitor bank.

Features• User friendly program for target power factor, on/off delay, CT ratio.• Seven segment LCD display with backlight for readability in poorly illuminated areas.• Displayparameters–KW,PF,KVAr,KVA,Volt,Amp,Frequency.• Key pad for user interface.• Compatible with RS 232 (Galvanically isolated).• Recall function of recorded values.• Available in 6, 8, 12, 14 stages.• User configurable parameters - Target PF Setting, Power Factor Tolerance, CT ratio, total capacitor banks, under current, Over /

Under frequency, Over / Under voltage threshold for alarm / tripping capacitor bank, time delay between steps (2 sec - 1800 sec.).• Download Parameters - Target PF, CT ratio, total capacitor banks, Capcaitor banks status, under current, Over / Under voltage

threshold for alarm / tripping capacitor bank, Over / Under frequency threshold for alarm / tripping capacitor bank, time delay between steps (2 sec upto 1800 sec.).

• Loadsurveyfor40daysforeach30minuteintervalconsistingof:Activeenergy&demand,reactiveenergy&demand,apparentenergy & demand, average power factor, voltage (average 30 minutes), date, time.

• P.C. based software for data storing and system monitoring.

Mechanical and maintenance•Lowmountingcosts•Easyinstallationandconnection•Compactvolume•Maintenance-free

Microprocessor Controlled Power Factor Controller

67




Reference Standard IEC 61010-1

Parameters Unit Intelligent Power Factor Controller

Dimension m.m. 144 x 144 x 85

Weight kg. 0.75

Ambient conditions

Operating temperature Range °C –10 °C ... + 60 °C

Storage temperature Range °C –20 °C ... + 65 °C

Mounting position Flush Mounting in Vertical Plane

Protection class IP 54 ( Front)

Operation

Rated Operational Voltage V. AC 230VAC+-20%

Rated Operational Current I 50 mA – 6A (--/5 A Current Transformer)

Network Type SinglePhase,2Wire

Mains frequency Hz 50 / 60

Power consumption

Current I <2VA

Voltage V <10 VA

Target Power Factor Cos Φ 0.8 < cos Φ <= 1 (Inductive)

Switching Outputs

Capacitor Steps 6,8 , 12 Steps (Max.) + 1 Alarm

Relay Output Contact Max250AC,1000W

Switching time range 2 Sec. – 30 Min.

Control modes Automatic Bank Selection in accordance to Reactive Power Compensation

Ordering code QHOSRA*

68


Operating Voltage (Un):230VAC±20%;50/60Hz

Operating Current 50 mA – 6 A (--/5 A Current Transformer)

Network Type 1 Phase, 2 wire

Capacitor Steps 6, 8, 12 steps (max) + 1 ALARM

Power Consumption < 2 VA (Current Circuit), < 10 VA (Voltage Circuit)

Output Contact 3 A, 750 VA

Cos Ø setting 0.8< cos Ø £ 1(Inductive)

Ambient Operating temp. -10° C, +60° C

Degree of Protection IP 54 (Front Panel)

Connection/ Installation Terminal / Flush - Mounting with rear terminals

Dimensions & 144 x 144 x 85 mm

PackingWeight 770 gm (Approx.)

CT Ratio Configurable (max. 1000/5)

Automatic Mode Capacitors connect automatically to achieve target power factor of Load

Manual mode By key pad to connect / disconnect the capacitors

Setting mode For user configurable target Power factor, CT_Ratio, Over / under Voltage limit and Over / Under Frequency limit tripping time, total no of capacitor banks

Communication RS 232

CONTROL PANEL To increase the value

To decrease the value

Scroll To scroll the parameters

Automatic/manual or setting mode selection by Keys

PROTECTION

• Over / Under Voltage

• Over / Under Frequency

• Over / Under Compensation

• Under current

PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS

• Target Power Factor Setting

• Power Factor Tolerance

• CT Ratio

• Total Capacitor Bank

• Number of Active Outputs

• Over / Under Voltage Threshold For Alarm / Tripping Capacitor Bank

• Over / Under Frequency Threshold For Alarm / Tripping Capacitor Bank

• Time Delay Between Steps (2 Sec Upto 1800 Sec.)

DOWN LOAD PARAMETERS

• Target Power Factor

• Power Factor Tolerance

• CT Ratio

• Total Capacitor Bank

• Capacitor Bank Status

• Over / Under Voltage Threshold for Alarm / Tripping Capacitor Bank

• Over / Under Frequency, Under Current Threshold for Alarm / Tripping Capacitor Bank

• Time Delay Between Steps (2 Sec Upto 1800 Sec.)

• Load survey for 40 days for each 30 minute interval consistingof:

- Active Energy & demand

- Reactive Energy & demand

- Apparent Energy & demand

- Voltage (Average 30 minutes)

- Average Power Factor

- Date & Time

FAULT / ALARM INDICATION

• Alarm relay contact is closed when the fault occur in the AC main supply for persistance of 5 sec. or more

• Alarm display on the LCD will appear in the event of any abnormaility.Example:

- Over / Under Voltage

- Over / Under Frequency

- Over / Under Compensation

- Under Current


69


CONNECTION DIAGRAM



Ordering Info : Intelligent Power Factor Controller (IPFC - 11002) (Smart Relay) (1ø, 230V), 50Hz

Ordering Info : Intelligent Power Factor Controller (IPFC - 11003) (Smart Relay) 3ø, 3 x 230V,

Product Code Description Min packing qty.

QHOSRA5N0006 IPFC 11002 6+1Step Relay 1ø, 230V 50Hz 6



Product Code Description Min packing qty.

QHOTRB5N0006 IPFC 11003 6+1Step Relay 3ø, 3 x 230V, (L-N), 50Hz 6



70


INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Ambient temperature

Capacitors are divided into temperature classes, Each class in represented by a number followed by a letter e.g. -250/D. The number is the lowest ambient temperature at which a capacitor may operate. The upper limit temperature is indicated by the letter D, standing for 550C. A maximum case temperature of 600C. must not be exceeded. Temperature is one of the main.

Exceeding maximum allowed temperature may set the safety device out of operation.

Inrush current

Switching LV PFC capacitors, especially when they are in parallel with others that are already energized, can cause high inrush currents of up to 200 times rated current. This leads to additional stress on contactors as well as capacitors and reduces their useful life. In addition, high inrush currents have a negative effect on power quality, producing transients and voltage drops.

As per IEC 60831 standard, a maximum of 5000 switching operations per year is acceptable.

Harmonics

Harmonics are produced in the operation of electric loads with a nonlinear voltage/current characteristic e.g. rectifiers and inverters for drives, welding apparatus and uninterruptible power supplies). Harmonics are sinusoidal voltages and currents with higher frequencies of a multiple of the 50 or 60 Hz line frequency.

Note:Inapplicationssubjecttoharmonics,youshouldonlyusepower capacitors with reactors, so called detuned capacitor banks. Depending on the selected series resonant frequency, part of the harmonic current is absorbed by the power capacitor. The remainder of the harmonic current flows into the superordinate system. The use of power capacitors with reactors reduces harmonic distortion and lesser the disturbing effect on proper operation of other electric loads.

A major reason for installing detuned capacitor banks is to avoid resonance. Resonance can multiply existing harmonics and create power quality problems, as well as causing damage to distribution equipment.

Resonance cases must be avoided by appropriate application design in any case!

Max. total rms capacitor current (incl. fundamental harmonic current) specified in technical data of the specific series must not be exceeded

Safety

• Ensure good effective grounding for capacitor enclosures.

• Provide means of disconnecting and insulating a faulty component/bank.

• Handle capacitors carefully, because they may still be charged even after disconnection due to faulty discharging devices.

• Follow good engineering practice.

• Do not use HRC fuses to power a capacitor up and down (risk of arcing).

• Remember that the terminals of capacitors, connected bus bars and cables as well as other devices may also be energized.

Over current and short circuit protection

• Use HRC fuses or MCCBs for short circuit protection. Short circuit protection and connecting cables should be selected so that 1.5 times the rated capacitor current can be permanently handled.

• HRC fuses do not protect a capacitor against overload-they are only for short circuit protection.

• The HRC fuse rating should be 1.6 to 1.8 times rated capacitor current.

• Do not use HRC fuses to switch capacitors (risk of arcing).

• Use thermal magnetic overcurrent relays for overload protection.

Maintenance

• Periodically check that connections and terminals are tight.

• Regularly clean terminals/bushing to avoid short circuits due to dust and soiling.

• Check short circuit protection fuses.

• Make a current reading twice annually to see if application conditions have altered.

• Consider upgrading or modifying the PFC system if the application environment has changed.

• In the event of a current above nominal, check your application for possible modification.

• In the event of a significant increase in nonlinear loading, call consultant for a harmonics examination.

• If harmonics are present consider installation of a detuned capacitor bank (reactors).

• Checkdischargeresistors/reactorsandtheirfunctioning:

- Power the capacitor up and down

- The voltage across the terminals must fall to <50 V within 60s.

Capacitor life expectancy

Capacitors operation between any rated value and the corresponding absolute maximum rating is an overload that derates life expectancy of the device.

Simultaneous overload conditions or exceeding any absolute maximum rating may reduce life expectancy significantly.


71


PFC Basic Formulas

The following electrical formulas may be used to calculate basic PFC values.

Active power

The amount of input power converted to output power is the active power.

P = 3 · V · I · cos ϕ [W]

Reactive power

Q = 3 · V · I · sin ϕ [VAr]

Apparent Power

The apparent power is the power delivered to an electric circuit.

S = 3 · V · I [VA]

Power factor

Active power PPower factor = –––––––– = ––Apparent power S

Power Factor Correction

QC = P · (tan ϕ1 – tan ϕ2) [VAr]

QC: active power neededP: total reactive powerϕ1: actual angle of cos ϕ actualϕ2: target angle of cos ϕ target

The reactive power is the power consumed in an AC circuit due to the expansion and collapse of magnetic (inductive) and electrostatic (capacitive) fields.

The power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real (active) power to the apparent power.

When the AC load is partly capacitive or inductive, the current waveform is out of phase with the voltage. This requires additional AC current to be generated that is not consumed by the load, creating I2R losses in power cables. Capacitors are used to supply reactive energy to inductive loads. Reactive energy must be produced as closely as possible to the loads to prevent unnecessary flow of current in the network. This is known as power factor correction.

Connection and rating of capacitors

The reactive power of the capacitor is a function of its rated voltage andcurrent.

QC = VC · IC [VAr]

VC · VC (VC)2QC = –––––––– = –––––XC XC

f: frequency of networkXC: impedance of capacitorC: capacitance value

QC = (VC)2 · · C = (V C)2 · 2 · f · C

1 1XC = ––––– = –––––––––· C 2 · f · C

72


PFC Basic FormulasCapacitor in three-phase PFC application

Three-phase PFC applications have two types of capacitor connections: star and delta.

DELTA connection - The capacitor is subject to line voltage of VL, phase to phaseThus total KVAR compansation is calculated as

VC = VL

QTOT = 3 · (VL)2 · · CDELTA

QTOT QTOTCDELTA = –––––––––– = ––––––––––––––3 · (VL)2 · 3 · (VL)2 · 2 · f

Delta connection

VL651 µF

STAR connection - The capacitor is subject to a voltage of ( )Thus total kVAR compansation is calculated as

QTOT = 3 · QC

VC = VL / 3

VL / 3

QTOT QTOTCSTAR = ––––––––– = –––––––––––––(VL)2 · (VL)2 · 2 · f

(VL)2QTOT = 3 · –––––– · · CSTAR( 3)2Star connection

VL

1954 µF

Capacitor output kvar:

From the formula if we find theQnew with ratio: C will be constant.

VNew 2 fNewQNew = (––––– ) · –––– · QCVR fR

Calculation example

Example 1:The relationship between active,reactive and real power and cos ϕ.

In the diagram below, the power triangle shows an initial power factorof 0.70 for a 100 kW (real power) inductive load. The reactive power re-quired by the load is 100 kvar. By in-stalling a 67-kvar capacitor, the apparent power is reduced from 142to 105 kvar, resulting in a 26% reduction in current. The power factoris improved to 0.95.

Power factor calculations:Before PFC: 100/142 = 0.70 or 70% After PFC: 100/105 = 0.95 or 95%

Real power = 100 kW

After PFC =105 kVA

Before PFC =142 kVA

Apparent power

Reactive powerBefore: 100 kvar

Reactive powerAfter: 33 kvar

Capacitance added = 67 kvar

These values are operating conditions:Qnew: new reactive powerVnew: new voltagefnew: new frequency

These values are the values capacitor is designed:QC: rated capacitor reactive powerVC: rated capacitor voltagefR: rated frequency

CSTARCDELTA = ––––––3

Conclusion:

73


PFC Basic Formulas

Example 4:

Calculating apparent power - Due to power factor correction, the requried apparent power transmission can be reduce by

Reduction (S1-S2) in example 2

S1 – S2 = 70 kVA

Thus, additional power of 70 · (0.9) = 63 kW can be suppliedand transferred via the existing network.

Cable cross section calculation

Line current drawn by the motor:

I1 uncompensated load (0.7):

220 · 1 000I1 = ––––––––––––––––– = 412 A3 · 440 · (0.7)

I2 compensated load (0.9):

220 · 1 000I2 = ––––––––––––––––– = 320 A3 · 440 · (0.9)

Thus, the cable can carry an additional load of 92 A, or the designer can reduce the cable cross section.

S1 - Uncompensated loadS2 - Compensaited load

S2 = P / cos ϕ2 = 220 / 0.9= 244 kVA

S1 = P / cos ϕ1 = 220 / 0.7= 314 kVA

Example 3: Calculating capacitor ratings for

ni snoitcennoc RATS dna ATLEDexample 2

STAR connection: DELTA connection:

VC = VL = 440 V

QTOT QTOTCDELTA = –––––––––– = ––––––––––––––3 · (VL)2 · 3 · (VL)2 · 2 · f

118.8 · 1 000CDELTA = –––––––––––––––––––––3 · (440) 2 · 2 · 50

= 651 µF / Line (phase)

CTOT = 1 954 µF

VL 440VC = –––– = –––– = 254 V3 3

QTOT QTOTCSTAR = ––––––––– = –––––––––––––(VL)2 · (VL)2 · 2 · f

118.8 · 1 000CSTAR = –––––––––––––––––(440) 2 · 2 · 50

= 1 954 µF / Line (phase)

CTOT = 5 862 µF

Example 2: Calculation of capacitor rating forindustrial installation

Given parameters: Target to correct the power factor to 0.9:

Induction motor 220 kWNetwork 440 V AC, (line delta) 3-phaseFrequency 50 HzPower factor– Current cos ϕ 0.7– Target cos ϕ 0.9 118.8 kvar

440 V/ 50 Hz

M

220 kWcos ϕ = 0.7

cos ϕ1 = 0.7 tan ϕ1 = 1.02cos ϕ2 = 0.9 tan ϕ2 = 0.48

QC= P (tan ϕ1 – tan ϕ2) = 220 · 1000 (1.02 – 0.48) = 118.8 kvar

74


Reactive power compensation for Motor

The recommended capacitor rating for motor should be Sized to compensateup to90%of themotormagnetizationCurrentofmotor, to avoid self excitation phenomenon. The below table gives the selection chart for Capacitors as per the hp rating of the motor.

Loads in industrial and public electrical networks are primarily of an ohmic inductive nature.

The purpose of systems for power factor correction in networks is to compensate the generated lagging reactive power by leading reactive power at defined nodes. In this way impermissibly high voltage drops and additional ohmic losses are also avoided. The necessary leading power is produced by capacitors parallel to the supply network, as close as possible to the inductive load. Static capacitive compensation devices reduce the lagging reactive power component transmitted over the network. If network conditions alter, the required leading reactive power can be matched in steps by adding and taking out single power capacitors (automatic PFC) to compensate the lagging reactive power.

Advantages of power factor correction

• Payback in 8 to 24 months through lower power costs.

Power factor correction reduces the reactive power in a system. Power consumption and thus power costs drops in proportion.

• Effective installation use

An improved power factor means that an electrical installation works more economically (higher effective power for the same apparent power).

• Improved voltage quality

• Reduced voltage drop

• Optimum cable design

Cable cross-section can be reduced with improvement of power factor (less current). In existing installations for instance, extra or higher power can be transmitted.

• Reduced transmission losses

The transmission and switching devices carry less current, i.e. only the effective power, meaning that the ohmic losses in the leads are reduced.

Main components of Capacitor

Power factor correction capacitors produce the necessary leading reactive power to compensate the lagging reactive power. PFC capacitors should be capable of withstanding high inrush currents caused by switching operations (>100*IR). If capacitors are connected in parallel, i.e. as banks, the inrush current will increase (=150*IR) because the charging current comes from the grid as well as from capacitors parallel to the one switched.

PFC controller

Modern PFC controllers are microprocessor based. The microprocessor analyses the signal from a current transformer and produces switching commands to control the contactors that add or remove capacitor stage Intelligent control by microprocessor-based PFC controllers ensures even utisation of capacitor stages, minimised number of switching operations and optimised life cycle of the capacitor bank.

Capacitor contactor

Contactors are electromechanical switching elements used to switch capacitors or reactors and capacitors in standard or detuned PFC systems. The switching operation can be performed by mechanical contacts or an electronic switch (semi conduction). Always used capacitor duty contactors for capacitor switching. The latter solution is preferable if fast switching is required for a

sensitive load for example.

Reactor

Power distribution networks are increasingly subjected to harmonic pollution from modern power electronic devices, so called nonlinear loads, e.g. drives, uninterruptible power supplies, electronic ballasts. Harmonics are dangerous for capacitors connected in the PFC circuit, especially if the capacitors operate at resonant frequency. The series connection of reactor and capacitor to detuned the series resonant frequency (the capacitor's resonant frequency) helps to prevent capacitor damage. Most critical frequencies are the 5th and 7th harmonic (250 and 350 Hz at 50 Hz). Detuned capacitor banks also help to reduce the harmonic distortion level and clean the network.

Fuse

A HRC fuse / MCCB acts as a safety device for short circuit protection.

• The HRC fuse rating should be 1.6 to 1.8 times nominal capacitor current.

*Above 250HP KVAr approximate 35% of the motor power

Motor HP

3000 rmp

1500 rmp

1000 rmp

750 rmp

600 rmp

500 rmp

5 2 2 2 3 3 3

7.5 2 2 3 3 3 3

10 3 3 4 5 5 5

15 3 4 5 7 7 7

20 5 6 7 8 8 10

25 6 7 8 9 9 12

30 7 8 9 10 10 15

40 9 10 12 15 16 20

50 10 12 15 18 20 22

60 12 14 15 20 25 25

75 15 16 20 22 25 30

100 20 22 25 26 32 35

125 25 26 30 32 35 40

150 30 32 35 40 45 50

200 40 45 45 50 55 60

250 45 50 55 60 65 70

Power capacitor rating for direct connection Induction Motors Capacitor KVAr at motor speed of

75


Reactive power compensation for Transformer

Power and distribution transformers, which work on the principle

of electromagnetic induction, consume reactive power for their

own needs even when its secondary is not connected to any load.

The power factor will be very low under such situation. To improve

the power factor, it is required to connect a fixed capacitor or a

capacitor bank at the LT side of the transformer. Below table gives

the approximate KVAr of capacitors required.

KVA rating of the KVAr required for

Transformer compensation

Uptoandincluding315KVA 5%ofKVArating

315KVA-1000KVA 6%ofKVArating

Above1000KVA 8%ofKVArating

It is useful to note that, in the case of APFC system, the current

Transformer providing feedback to the APFC system must be

located in such a way that it does not measure this capacitor

current.

Welding Transformers

Single phase, Single Operator Three phase, Multi-operator

Welding Required Welding Required

Transformer Capacitor Type Transformer Capacitor

continous rating continuous rating

rating kVA KVAr rating kVA KVAr

9 4 300/3 54 16.5

12 6 300/6 90 30

18 8 300/9 122 45

24 12 300/12 453 60

30 15

36 18

Table of Capacitance value measured between Phase to Phase terminals

KVAr Output Capacitance

(µF) 400V

Output Capacitance

(µF) 415V

Output Capacitance

(µF) 440V

Output Capacitance

(µF) 480V

1 9.9 9.2 8.2 6.92 19.9 18.5 16.4 13.83 29.8 27.7 24.6 20.74 39.8 37.0 32.8 27.65 49.7 46.2 41.1 34.56 59.7 55.4 49.3 41.47 69.6 64.7 57.5 48.37.5 74.6 69.3 62.0 51.88 79.6 73.9 65.8 55.210 99.5 92.4 82.2 69.112.5 124.3 115.5 103.0 86.315 149.2 138.6 123.3 103.620 199.0 184.8 164.4 138.225 248.7 231.0 206.0 172.730 298.5 277.2 246.6 207.335 348.2 323.4 287.7 241.840 398.0 369.6 328.8 276.445 447.7 415.8 369.9 310.950 497.5 462.0 411.0 345.560 597.0 554.4 493.2 414.675 746.1 693.0 618.0 518.1100 995.0 924.0 822.0 691.0Note:Thetoleranceis-5%/+10%

76


Standard Values: Selection Tables for Cables,Cable Cross Sections and FusesThe values mentioned in the following table are guidelines for operation in normal conditions at ambient temperatures up to 35°C. Upgrade accordingly if conditions differ, e.g. temperature or hamonics differ. The internal wiring of a capacitor bank is sometimes possible with a smaller cross section. Various parameters such as temperature inside the cabinet, cable quality, maximum cable insulation temperature, single or multi core cable, cable length and laying system have to be considered for a proper selection. The local panelbuilder/installer is responsible for a proper selection of the cable sizes and fuses according to the valid regulations and standards in the specific country where the PFC panels are installed.

Power Current Section FuseKVAr A mm2 A

Rated voltage 230 V, 60 Hz2.5 6.3 1.5 105 12.6 4 25

7.5 18.8 6 3510 25.1 10 50

12.5 31.4 16 5015 37.7 16 6320 50.2 25 8025 62.8 3 35 10030 75.3 50 12540 100.4 70 16050 125.5 95 20075 188.3 185 315

100 251 2 x 120.0 400125 – – –150 – – –175 – – –200 – – –

Rated voltage 400 V, 50 Hz2.5 3.6 1.5 105 7.2 2.5 16

7.5 10.8 2.5 1610 14.4 4 25

12.5 18 6 3515 21.6 6 3520 28.8 10 5025 36 16 6330 43.2 25 8040 57.6 35 10050 72 50 12575 108.3 70 160

100 144.3 120 250125 180.3 185 315150 216.5 2 x 95.0 350175 252.6 2 x 95.0 400200 288 2 x 120.0 500


7.5 10 2.5 1610 13.2 4.0 25

12.5 16.8 4.0 2515 19.8 6.0 3520 26.4 10.0 5025 33 16.0 6330 39.6 25.0 8040 52.8 35.0 10050 66 50.0 12575 99 70.0 160

100 132 95.0 200125 165 185.0 315150 198 2 x 95.0 350175 231 2 x 95.0 400200 264 2 x 120.0 500

Selection Table

77


Standard Values: Selection Tables for Cables, Cable Cross Sections and Fuses

Power Current Section FuseKVAr A mm2 A

Rated voltage 480 V, 60 Hz2.5 3 1.5 105 6 2.5 16

7.5 9 2.5 1610 12 4 25

12.5 18 6 3515 21 6 3520 24 10 5025 30 10 5030 36 16 6340 48 25 8050 60 35 10075 90 70 160

100 120 95 200125 150 120 250150 180 185 315175 210 2 x 95.0 350200 240 2 x 95.0 400


7.5 6.9 2.5 1610 11 2.5 16

12.5 13.7 4 2515 16.5 4 2520 22 6 3525 27.5 10 5030 33 16 6340 44 25 8050 55 35 10075 82.5 70 160

100 110 95 200125 137.5 95 200150 165 185 300175 193 2 x 95.0 350200 220 2 x 95.0 350

78


Temperature Class of Capacitors (according IEC 60831)

Enclosure of Capacitors (IPXX)

Maximum Admissible Overvoltage

Enclosure First digit Second digit

IP00 No protection against finger No protection touch and ingress of solid against ingress foreign bodies of water

IP20 Protection against finger touch No protection and solid foreign bodies against ingress 12.5 mm diameter of water

IP41 Protection against tool touch Drip-water and solid foreign protection bodies >1mm diameter

IP54 Protection against tool touch Splash water and solid foreign bodies >1mm protection diameter. Protection against dust deposit

Frequency Max. Max. Max. (50/60Hz) voltage duration duration (Vrms)

Line Frequency 1.00 VR Continuous Highest mean during duty entire operating time of capacitor, exceptions (see below) are admissible for times of <24h

Line Frequency 1.10 VR 8 h daily Line voltage fluctuations

Line Frequency 1.15 VR 30 min daily Line voltage fluctuations



Temperature Temperature of Maximum Maximum class capacitor surrounding mean mean air Maximum for 24 h for 1 year

B 45°C 35°C 25°C

C 50°C 40°C 30°C

D 55°C 45°C 35°C

Current rating/maximum admissible over current

The rated current (IR) is the current utilised for rated voltage (VR)

and frequency (in Hz.) excluding transient. Maximum permitted

rms current for each particular capacitor is specified in the data

sheet. Continuously exceeding of the nominal current will lead to

increased self heating of the capacitor and reduce life time. The

maximum admissible overcurrent (I max) of 1.3*IR to IEC 60831

standard is maintained by all capacitors is this catalogue. The

figures for overcurrent allow for the combined effects of harmonics,

overvoltage and capacitance tolerance.

CautionsTemperature class of capacitors to standard IEC 60831 / IS 13340

Capacitors are divided into temperature classes. Each class is

represented by a number followed by a letter. e.g. -25/D. The

number is the lowest ambient temperature at which a capacitor

may operate. the upper limit temperature is indicated by the letter

(see table above).

The use of a capacitor depends very much on temperature. Proper

cooling of a capacitor must ensure that the minimum temperature

is not exceeded of rewised useful life otherwise useful life is

degraded.Whenconfiguringacircuit,oneshouldmakesurethat

capacitors are not subjected to heat from adjacent components

(reactors, bus bars, etc.). Forced cooling is preferable for compact

designs and it is highly inadvisable to arrange capacitors directly

above reactors.

79


Motor rating Capacitor rating Capacitor rating Capacitor rating (1500 rpm) (1000 rpm) (750 rpm)

kW1 … 9.1

2 … 9.2

3 … 9.3

4 … 9.4

5 … 9.5

6 … 9.7

8 … 9.01

11 … 9.31

14 … 9.71

18 … 9.12

22 …

kvar6.0

2.1

7.1

3.2

9.2

5.3

6.4

8.5

9.6

6.8

5.11

kvar5.0

1.1

6.1

1.2

6.2

2.3

2.4

3.5

3.6

0.8

5.01

kvar5.0

1

5.1

2

5.2

3

4

5

6

5.7

019.92

30 … e9.93

40 and aboverwop rotom eht fo %04 .xorppa

approx. 35% of the motor power

Individual PFC for MotorsApproximate values for fixed PFC of Motors

The capacitor output should be approx. 90% of the apparent power of the motor when idle.

This means a power factor of 0.9% at full load and 0.95 … 0.98 during idling. Important: The capacitor output must not be rated too high for individual compensated machines where the capacitor is directly connected with the motor clamp. This especially applies when the machine has a big oscillating weight and still continues to rotate after switching off. The capacitor placed in parallel may act as generator for the motor which will cause serious overvoltages. The consequence could be heavy damage to the capacitor as well as to the motor.

Individual PFC for Transformers

ANQC = I0% · ––––100

Qc = needed capacitor (kvar)I0% = magnetising current of the transformer (A S%)

AN = apparent rated power of the transformer in kVA

Standard values for transformer power factor correction

Rated apparent power Rated capacitor power Rated capacitor power of transformer for oil immersed transformers for cast resin transformers

kVA kvar kvar10

20

50

75

100

160

200

250

315

400

500

630

800

1000

1250

1600

2000

2500

3150

1.0

2.0

4.0

5.0

5.0

7.0

7.5

8.0

10.0

12.5

15.0

17.5

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1.5

1.7

2.0

2.5

2.5

4.0

5.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

10.0

12.5

15.0

16.7

20.0

22.0

25.0

35.0

50.0

For an exact calculation of the right capacitor value, following formula can be used:

There are regional differences in the guidelines of power suppliers concerning the admissible size of capacitors directly connected with a transformer. Therefore a consultation with the respective power supplier is recommended before installation of a compensation bank. Modern transformers have laminations which only need low capacity to reverse the magnetism. In case the capacitor output is too high, stress increase may occur during idling.

80


Self healing shield

Bellow shield

Notch shield } S3TripleSafety

Normal capacitor module

Fault operated capacitor module

Overpressure disconnector

Attheendofthecapacitor’sservicelifeorwhenahighpressure

forms inside the can, the overpressure disconnector is activated.

The specially designed cover with an expansion bead moves

upwards. Expansion beyond a certain degree will separate the

wires and disconnect the capacitor safely from the line. The

disconnector is separated at its break point (small notch) and the

flow of current to the capacitor windings is interrupted.

Caution:

To ensure full functionality of an overpressure disconnector, the

followingisrequired:

Cautions

1. The elastic elements must not be hindered, i.e.

– connecting lines must be flexible leads (cables),

– there must be sufficient space (at least 20 mm) for expansion

above the connections (specified for the different models),

– folding beads must not be retained by clamps.

2. The maximum permissible fault current of 10 000 A to the UL

810 standard must not be exceeded.

3. Stress parameters of the capacitor must be within the IEC

60831 / IS 13340 specification.

81


Thumb Rule: The number of steps depends on the number of

loads, i.e. the more small inductive loads, the higher the number

of steps should be. The switching time is also of major importance

here:themorefrequentlyacapacitorisswitched,themorestress

is placed on it and its contactors.

Multi measuring device An external meter combining several

features in a single device. Combined with the appropriate PF

controller, it allows the monitoring, display and storage of various

grid parameters. It provides additional protection for the capacitor

and the PFC system. As a standalone solution, it acts as a meter,

a signal trigger for thyristor modules or as a switch.

Capacitor contactor

Contactors are electromechanical switching elements used to

switch capacitors or reactors and capacitors in standard or

detuned PFC systems. The pre-switching auxiliary contacts of

capacitor contactors close before the main contact and avoid

peak current values by pre-loading the capacitor. Note: Even

when using capacitor contactors, it is important not to exceed the

annual switching capability of the particular capacitor series.

Reactors - (compensation and filtering)

Power distribution networks are increasingly subjected to

harmonic pollution from modern power electronics devices,

known as non -linear loads, e.g. drives, uninter ruptible power

supplies and electronic ballasts. Harmonics are dangerous for

capacitors connected in the PFC circuit, especially if they operate

at a resonant frequency. The series connection of a reactor and

capacitortodetunetheseriesresonantfrequency(thecapacitor’s

resonant frequency) helps to prevent capacitor damage. The most

critical frequencies are the 5th and 7th harmonics (250 and 350

Hz at 50 Hz grid frequency). Detuned capacitor banks also help to

reduce the harmonic distortion level and clean the network.

Discharge devices

Discharge resistors are required to discharge capacitors and

protect human beings against electric shock hazards as well as to

switch capacitors in automatic PFC equipment (opposing phase).

Discharge resistors are designed to discharge capacitors to 50V

or less within 60 seconds.

Caution:

Discharge and short-circuit the capacitor before handling it!

Discharge reactor

Whenever fastdischargeof acapacitor is required, adischarge

resistor is not sufficient. Discharge reactors must be used to allow

a discharge of within a few seconds. Also, the various steps in a

PFC system can then be switched much faster, minimizing losses

at the same time.

Protection

An HRC fuse or MCCB acts as a safety device for short-circuit

protection. HRC fuses do not protect a ca pac - itor against

overload – they are designed for short-circuit protection only. The

HRC fuse rating should be 1.6 to 1.8 times the nominal capacitor

current.

Caution:

Do not use HRC fuses for switching (risk of arcing!).

Dry technology/ V ACuum impregnation

The active winding elements are heated and then dried for a

defined period. Impregnation is performed under V ACuum. In

this way, air and moisture are extracted from the inner capacitor,

and oxidation of the electrodes as well as partial discharges are

avoided. Afterwards, the capacitor elements are hermetically

sealed in cases (e.g. aluminum). This elaborate process ensures

excellent capacitance stability and long useful life.

Power factor controller Modern PF controllers are microprocessor-

based. The microprocessor analyzes the signal from a current

transformer and produces switching commands to control the

contactors that add or remove capacitor stages. Intelligent control

by microprocessorbased PF controllers ensures even utilization

of capacitor stages, a minimized number of switching operations

and an optimized life cycle of the capacitor bank. After the required

capacitor output has been determined, the number of steps

82


Mean life expectancyThe mean life expectancy of power capacitors is mainly governed bythefollowingfactors:

- duration of overload.

- ambient temperature and the resulting case temperature.

- Maximum rms current and the resulting case temperature

The calculated life expectancy of the various series is stated for nominal operating conditions. If components are stressed less than the IEC 60831 factors, longer useful life can be expected, and a correspondingly shorter one or increased failure rate if nominal parameters are exceeded.

Fuse protectionPower capacitors have to be protected against short circuits by fuses or thermal magnetic overcurrent relays. Slow-blow, low-voltage high rupturing capacity fuses (HRC) are preferable. The fuse rating should be 1.6 to 1.8 times the rated current of the capacitor. Magnetic short circuit relays should be set to between 9 and 12 times rated current to prevent them responding to high inrush currents.

HRC fuses must not be used for switching as it results in electric arcing which can cause death ! It may also cause capacitor failures.

Switching of capacitorsWhenacapacitor isswitched toanACsystem, the result isaresonant circuit damped to a greater or lesser degree. In addition to the rated current, the capacitor accepts a transient current that is a multiple of (up to 200 times), its rated current. Fast switching, low-bounce contactors should be used, and have the switching capacity for capacitive currents stated by the producer. Special capacitor contactor with leading contacts that feature precharging resistors to damp inrush currents are recommended. As per IEC 60831 standard, a maximum of 5,000 switching operations per year is acceptable.

DischargingCapacitorsmustbedischargedtoamaximumof10%ofratedvoltage before they are switched in again. This prevents an electric impulse discharge in the application, influences the capacitor's useful life in PFC systems, and protects against electric shock. The capacitor must be discharged to 50 V or less within 60 sec. There must not be any switch, fuse or any other disconnecting device in the circuit between the power capacitor and the discharging device.

Caution:DISCHARGE CAPACITOR BEFORE HANDLING!

Capacitors in networks with harmonicsHarmonics are produced in the operation of electric loads with a nonlinear voltage/current characteristic (e.g. rectifiers and inverters for drives, welding apparatus and uninterruptible power supplies). Harmonics are sinusoidal voltages and currents with higher frequencies of a multiple of the 50 or 60 Hz line frequency.

In low-voltage three-phase systems the 5th and 7th harmonics are especially troublesome. Detuned filter (capacitor and reactor) should be used for power factor correction in systems subject to harmonics. These represent a series resonant circuit

Cautions of power capacitor and reactor. the circuit is tuned so that the series resonant frequency is below the lowest harmonics appearing in the system. This produces an inductive response to all frequencies above the series resonant frequency, avoiding resonances with system inductances. Depending on the selected series resonant frequency, part of the harmonic current is taken up by the detuned power capacitors. The remainder of the harmonic current flows into the superordinate system. The use of detuned power capacitors thus contributes to reducing voltage distortion through harmonics and lessens the disturbing effect on proper operation of other electric loads.

Most international standards limit THD-V on LV side to 5%However it has to be noted that in many grids these levels are exceeded and even lower distortion, e.g. 3-4% THD-V cangenerate extreme overcurrents in case of resonance condition.

Maximum overcurrents as specified under technical data of each series must not be exceeded.

Resonance must be avoided by appropriate pannel design. Resonance may cause very high overcurrents which can lead to capacitor failures and worst case, to explosion and fire.

ConnectionMake sure connection cables are of flexible type or flexible copper bands are used. This is mandatory to allow the overpressure disconnector work and avoid mechanical stress on the terminals and feedthroughs. The connection cables to the capacitor should be designed for a current of at least 1.5 times the rated current so that no heat is conducted into the capacitor. If reactors are used in an application, the distance between reactor and capacitor must be great enough so that no heat of the reactors, which are operating at a much higher temperature level, is conducted via connection cable to the capacitors.

Avoid bending cable lugs, cables or other mechanical force on the terminals. Otherwise leakages may set the safety device out of operation.

Ensure firm fixing of terminals, fixing torque to be applied as per individual specification.

Maximum specified terminal current (please refer to technical data of specific series) must not be exceeded at any case.

GroundingThe threaded bottom stud of the capacitor has to be used for grounding. In case grounding is done via metal chassis that the capacitor is mounted to, the layer of varnish beneath the washer and nut should be removed.

Storage and operating conditionsDo not use or store capacitors in corrosive atmosphere, especially where chloride gas, sulfide gas, acid, alkali, salt or the like are present. In dusty environments regular maintenance and cleaning especially of the terminals is required to avoid conductive path between phases and / or phases and ground.

Faliure to follow cautions may result, worst case, in premature faliures, bursting and fire.

83


Note: *Other KVAr Rating / Voltage are Available on Request. *Detuned Anti Resonance Filter APFC Panel on Request.

Planning power factor correction

CHECK LIST

IntroductionThis document shall help identifying the key application criteria for a secure and economic solution in Power Factor Correction (PFC).

WhichloadshavetobeprovidedwithPowerFactorCorrection?Inductive loads•Motors •Transformers

Non-linear loads•Converters,Rectifiers,Inverters,Choppers •ThyristorControls,Three-PhaseControllers•ElectronicValvesPhaseControls •UPSunits(invertertechnology)•DischargelampswithMagneticBallasts

Attention! Non-linear loads generate harmonics.

Whatarethepowerdemandandthedutycycleoftheloads?Power demand, duty cycle Solution•Constantpowerdemandandlongdutycycle •Single-orgroup-fixedPFC•Variablepowerdemandand/orvariabledutycycle •ControlledcentralPFC

WhenisitnecessarytoinstalladetunedPFCsystem?Please use the following chart to find out whether a detuned system is needed•Sos:ST •Detuning•0%...10% •Non-detuned•>10%...50% •Detuned•>40%...100% •Detailedcalculationneeded,ifnecessaryuseoffiltercircuit

Abbreviations:Sospoweroftheharmonicgeneratorintheownnetwork ST rated transformer power or installed load

A detuned PFC system is also necessary•IfoneormoreharmonicvoltagesintheMVmainsare>2%,and/or•Ifcertainaudiofrequencycontrolsignalsareused(seepoint5)

Attention! Non-detuned and detuned capacitors must never be combined together.

Summarizing General Technical DataType of PFC parameters of the mains•FixedPFC •Ratedmainsvoltage/frequency...V/...Hz•Automaticcontrolsystem •Controlvoltage/frequency...V/...Hz

PFC data Ambient conditions•Reactivepowerbyratedmainsvoltage…KVAr •ProtectionIP…•Stages(sections)xreactivepower…x…KVAr •Ambienttemperaturemin…°C•Detuningfactor…% •max…°C

ZHQ

RC

0000

1/N

OV

12/J

UN

15

Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy in the compliation of the technical detail within this publication. Specifications and performance data are constantly changing. Current details should therefore be checked with Havells Group.

Regional & Branch Offices:

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CIN - L31900DL1983PLC016304.

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