Hawaii Smart Technology Demonstrationfor a 100% RE Future

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology

University of Hawaii at Manoa

1680 East-West Road, POST 109

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Leon R. Roose, Esq.

Principal & Chief Technologist

Presented at

Smart Community Summit 2016

Organized by NEDO and JSCA

Reception Hall A, Conference Tower 1F, Tokyo Big Sight

Tokyo, Japan

June 16, 2016

Hawaii as a Model for Energy Change• Hawaii is isolated and highly dependent

on fossil fuel, primarily oil

• Current Hawaii energy mix contributes to

local and global environmental issues

2

• Hawaii has the most aggressive Renewable Portfolio Standard for

electricity in the United States – 100% renewables by 2045

• Success will require broad portfolio of advanced technologies

including generation, transportation and smart grid systems

• Oil drives cost,

volatility and energy

insecurity across all

sectors of Hawaii’s

economy

Electricity Production by Source, 2014Petroleum Use by Sector, 2014

Source: Hawaii DBEDT

Renewable Energy Aimed to “Break the Link” and Lower Cost

High Energy Cost Drains the Island Economy

Source: Hawaiian Electric Company and Hawaii DBEDT

Hawaii ranks #1 in electric energy costs:

45.85 cents/kWh Lanai47.06 cents/kWh Molokai41.89 cents/kWh Hawaii37.83 cents/kWh Maui35.48 cents/kWh Oahu(Avg. Residential rates in 2014)

11 - 12 cents/kWh U.S. avg.

High Cost of Service

3

High Electricity Price and Volatility Linked to Cost of Oil

Opportunity for Sustainability

in Hawaii is Abundant

4

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative Scenario Analysis, 2012;

and DBEDT

Hawaii’s Progressive Leadership in

Clean Energy Policy

Highest RPS Target

in the United States

40% by 2030(2015 - 15%; 2020 - 25%)

Other key policies:

• Tax incentives

• Net metering

• Feed in tariffs

Strong Hawaii Policies

5

Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI)

The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched

HCEI in January 2008 to transform Hawaii to a 70%

clean energy economy by 2030:

• Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security

• Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation

• Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future

• Becoming a clean energy model for the U.S. and the

world

2008

2009 2011Policy Evolution Reflecting

Market Realities …

Amended the definition of "renewable electrical

energy" to include starting in 2015, customer-sited,

grid-connected renewable energy generation

2015+ Continued Policy Evolution …

• New RPS targets: 30% by 2020; 100% by 2045

• Net metering change – wholesale rate sale

Exceeding Hawaii RPS Goals

6

State-wide 2015 RPS Goal = 15%

RPS year-end 2015 @ 23.42%(9.5% RPS at year-end 2009)

48.7%

35.4%

27.3%

17.2%

Source: State of Hawaii, "Hawaii Energy Facts & Figures," Hawaii State Energy Office, Honolulu, May 2016

Hawaii RPS Goals2015 - 15%

2020 - 30%

2030 - 40%

2040 - 70%

2045 - 100%

21.1%18.0%

13.7%11.9%

9.5%9.5%

Renewable Energy

Production by

Resource

7Source: State of Hawaii, "Hawaii Energy Facts & Figures," Hawaii State Energy Office, Honolulu, May 2016

At year-end 2015 RE Production by:

Distributed PV - 31%

Wind - 27.9%

Biomass - 19.2%

Geothermal - 10.5%

Hydro - 4.8%

Commercial Solar - 4.2%

Biofuels - 2.4%

Installed PV Capacity - HECO Companies(12/2012 to 12/2015)

8

Hawaii’s Electric Systems4 electric utilities; 6 separate grids

Kauaʻi

Oʻahu

Molokaʻi

Maui

HawaiʻiLanaʻi

Kauai Island Utility Cooperative27 MW PV (24 MW in development)

System Peak: 78 MW

Customers: 32,700

Hawaiian Electric343 MW PV / 100 MW Wind /

69 MW WTE

System Peak: 1,100 MW

Customers: 300,000

Maui ElectricMaui: 71 MW PV / 72 MW Wind

System Peak: Maui 190 MW

Lana’i: 1.5 MW PV

System Peak: Lana’i: 5 MW

Moloka’i: 1.7 MW PV

System Peak: Moloka’i: 5.5 MW

Customers: 68,000

Hawaii Electric Light70 MW PV / 30 MW Wind /

38 MW Geothermal / 16 MW Hydro

System Peak: 190 MW

Customers: 81,000 9

Small systems

No interties

Growing

intermittent

resources

Novel grid

integration

issues

Wind and Solar Resource Intermittency

and Variability

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

P

V

O

u

t

p

u

t

%

10

10 mins

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

NEDO and State of Hawai’i sign MOU, Nov. 2011

11

• In order to establish a sustainable way of life for future generations,

it is necessary to integrate high levels of renewable energy into

existing electric systems while maintaining safe and reliable power

• US and Japan are collaborating to develop and demonstrate

advanced technology for the control of Electric Vehicle (EV)

charging and managing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

JUMPSmart Maui ProjectA Japan – United States Smart Grid Demonstration Project

12

Schedule, Issues and Solutions

In Maui, large scale renewable energy (72MW of

wind and 70+ MW of distributed PV) have been

introduced. In addition, EV high penetrations are

expected soon.

IssuesExcess Energy

Impact on frequency management

Impact on distribution line voltage

13

Six cutting-edge initiatives as solutions

M-to-N EV charging management system

Information and control platform

2011 2012 2013 2014-2017(Feb.)

System Design

Construction Demonstration

Feasibility Study

1. Energy Efficiency Maximum Utilization of Renewable Energy

Ensure information security

Direct Load Control (DLC) and Advanced Load Shift as DR

EV charger control and Batteries

Energy control via Autonomous Decentralized System

ICT technologies to improve Quality of Life

2. Stabilization/Balancing

3. EV infrastructure & QC stations

4. Cyber Security

5. Autonomous System

6. ICT Technology

EVECC: EV Energy Control Center, iDMS: Integrated Distribution Management System,

LV: Low Voltage, DOE: Department of Energy

■ EV batteries are utilized as distributed energy resources for storing

excess RE and controlling frequency fluctuations

Project Overview

Island of MauiHousehold as volunteer

Wind powerDC Fast Charger

Storage battery

Photovoltaic

ICT

Transmission

EMS

Power Line

Power Line

LV TransformerμＤＭＳ

ＤＭＳ

Distribution

配電変電所

ICT

PV withSmart PCS

L3 Chargers

配電網制御システム

Billing,MembershipIncentive

EVECC

Battery Power Line

LV TransformerμＤＭＳ

iDMS

Distribution

Substation

ICT

PV withSmart PCS

DCFast Chargers

EVECC

EV with Normal Charger

Battery

Billing,MembershipIncentive

Demonstration will be implemented by

200 EVs and 30 Residences in whole

island of Maui.

(Final target is to establish EV-Virtual

Power Plant)

Wind

Power PVThermal

Power

14

System Architecture

15

DMCD

Smart City Platform （Information Control Hub)

Battery

EVECC

μ-DMS

Trans-former

DLC (DR)

EVECC: EV Energy Control CenteriDMS: Integrated Distributed Management System

DLC: Direct Load Control

DR: Demand Response

SVC

AMI

1 set 3 sets

Switch

12 sets

Tota

l Optim

izatio

nIn

div

idua

l Optim

izatio

n

Residents as volunteers 30 homes

15 sets

DC FastCharger

DC Fast Charger Station 15 sites

μ-DMS

15 sets

EV Level2Charger

M2M Network

Sub Station

Home Battery WaterHeater

EV Level2Charger

PV

SmartPCS

Home Gateway

DP

10 sets 10 sets

Trans-former

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

M2M: Machine to Machine

SVC: Static Var Compensator

DMCD: Data Measuring & Communication Device

DP: Distribution Panel

PV: Photovoltaic

PCS: Power Conditioning System

iDMS

Equipment Deployment in Maui

Lahaina

Wailea

Hana

Kahului

Wailuku

Kaanapali

Maalaea

Pukalani

Makawao

Haiku

Paia

Kula

Wailua

Kapalua

DC Fast Chargers(On going)

Bulk Battery

#1 & #2 (Li-Ion)

Bulk Battery

(Lead Acid)

Kihei

Maui Island-wide:

level 2 chargers

200 sets

SVC

DC Fast Chargers(Installed)

9 DC Fast Charger

Stations are in operation

200 volunteers and

180 DCFC member

(other EV owners)

have joined

DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger16

Examples of DCFC Installations

17DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger

Effect of Load Shift on Grid Operation

18

0

10

20

30

40

50

Perc

en

tag

e

Connect Status(%)

Charge Status(%)

Wind output

curtailed[MW]

EV charging hour shift at home

Charges during load peak hours

80

100

120

140

160

180

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

System load and wind output curtailed in Maui System LoadWind output curtailed

Lower system priority peak load

Reduce wind energy curtailment

Load[MW]

1

2

12

[Hour]

Before starting load shift

40

30

20

10

January 2015 (80 EVs)

Before November 2014

Priority peak Off peakOff peak On peakTariff(TOU-R)

EV charging load shifts by 3 hoursAfter starting load shift

Expected effects of Advanced Load Shift

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

18

19

Current status and finding

• After SmartPCS have been installed at volunteer home, it autonomously

controls voltage by producing reactive power.

July

[V]

SmartPCS

Switchboard

Home

appliances

uDMS

A

B

240+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

August

: at SmartPCS grid connection pointBA : on secondary of the transformer

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 5 10 15 20 25 30

A

BAvg. of B

Down

• This circuit voltage is above nominal.

• Voltage at SmartPCS is higher in average

than transformer which could result in

reverse current flow.

• Threshold of SmartPCS is set to produce reactive power

in this operation mode.

• It resulted in overall voltage reduction during this period.

No voltage control Voltage control with reactive power (Volt-VAR)

[kVARh]

Reactive power produced

+

+

Hypothesis

• MicroDMS and SmartPCS contribute to mitigate voltage performance

issues in distribution grid that may arise from concentrations of

customer-sited rooftop PV and batteries (incl. EV)

• SmartPCS may also contribute to system level reliability

improvements by collective effect.

Effect of Hierarchical Autonomous Control

20

Phase 2 - Issues and potential DR

(a)

Over-generation risk

Solar PV in Maui County

PV Impacts on Net System Demand

Rapid and substantial penetration of solar PV increases (a) over-generation risk during mid-day

hours and (b) ramp need in hours towards system peak as solar PV generation drops off

Load increase during mid-day hours and load reduction during system peak hours will help

Source : Maui Electric

Need for load increase

Need for peak load reduction

Phase 2 - Solutions

21

Rooftop photovoltaic power generation has increased

from 6 MW (as of 2011) to 70+ MW (as of 2015)

Significant increase in rooftop PV has resulted in “Duck Curve”

Interruption of charging Distributed Energy Resources (EV) Achievement of VPP

Addressing further issues:

(1) V2X - compliant EV charger using EV batteries as distributed energy resources

(2) Multiple distributed energy resources are controlled as Virtual Power Plant (VPP)

System configuration of Phase 2

22

AMI

EVECCIntegrated

DMSDLC (DR)

Tota

l Optim

izatio

nIn

div

idua

l Optim

izatio

n

[Phase2]Volunteers 300 EV-PCSs

GCS

Smart City Platform （Information Control Hub)

xAggregator

AMI

EV PCSSwitchboard

SEP2.0

ChargeDischarge

6kW/6kVA

M2M Network

BatterySVC

1 set 3 sets

Switch

12 sets

DC FastCharger

μ-DMS

EV Level2Charger

μ-DMS

μ-DMS

[Phase1]Residents as volunteers

30 homes

SmartPCS

WaterHeater

EV Level2Charger

[Phase1]DC Fast Charger Station

15 sites

SubStation

HomeBattery

EMS-Plus

JUMPSmartMaui

Phase2

Summary of Phase 2

23

Phase 2 will demonstrate the following capabilities:

Vehicle to Grid: The project will perform technical verification and

benefit assessment of controlled EV battery charging and discharging

as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER) to the distribution grid.

EV Expansion: The project will promote acquisition of more than 300

EVs to be used as aggregated DER by managing charging and

discharging. The scale of EV adoption that in aggregate materially

mitigates high penetration levels and intermittency of renewable

energy generation will be evaluated.

Virtual Power Plant (VPP): The project will evaluate the performance

of VPP to balance power supply and demand, to provide real-time

system operational awareness and visualization, and rapid

dispatched energy response for system reliability and efficiency

improvements.

Kihei area

Substation

(Distribute)

μDMS

EV Energy

Control

Center

Wailea area

Integrate Renewables and Transform

the Maui Grid

Wind Farms

EMS EVECCRapid EV chargers to be provided by Hitachi via NEDO funded project

Wind Farm

KWP

(30MW)

24

KWP II

(21MW)

AWE

(21MW)

70+ MW of Distributed PV

Mahalo!(Thank you)

For more information, contact:

Leon R. Roose, Esq.

Principal & Chief Technologist

GridSTART

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology

University of Hawaii at Manoa

1680 East-West Road, POST 109

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Office: (808) 956-2331

Mobile: (808) 554-9891

E-mail: lroose@hawaii.edu

Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu25

Staff: One thousand – 220 tenure track faculty

Departments: Five with primary emphasis on graduate education

1 B.A., 3 B.S., 5 M.S. & Ph.D

Organized Research Units: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI),

Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Hawaii Institute of

Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP,) SeaGrant

Funding: Over $100 million USD per year26

Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)• Program Objectives

– Research and development of new energy technologies

– Testing and evaluation of emerging technologies

– Research to support renewable energy deployment

– Energy assessments and policy development

– Develop and manage research partnerships to leverage investment in Hawaii

– Contribute to STEM and workforce development

HNEI programs are multi-

disciplinary efforts with

strong collaboration and cost

share from industry

27

HNEI Technology Areas• Alternative Fuels

• Biomass and biofuels; hydrogen; methane hydrates

• Renewable Power Generation

• Ocean energy (OTEC, Wave)

• Photovoltaics (thin film solar cells, testing, and analysis)

• Electrochemical Power Systems

• Fuel cells

• Battery technology

• Energy Efficiency

• Building technology; sea water air conditioning (SWAC)

• Systems Integration/Energy Security:

• Grid modeling and analysis

• Transportation systems

• Smart grid development

• Grid-scale storage

28

29

• Interdisciplinary team of faculty, professionals, post-doctoral fellows and

students (team members combine for 100+ years of utility and

regulatory experience)

• Serves to integrate other HNEI technology areas: biomass and biofuels,

fuel cells and hydrogen, energy efficiency, renewable power generation

• Expertise includes grid modeling and analysis; smart grid and micro-

grid R&D; application of grid storage; power system planning and

operations; energy policy

• Strong and growing partnerships with Hawaii, national and international

organizations including Asia-Pacific nations.

Established to develop and test advanced grid architectures, new

technologies and methods for effective integration of renewable energy

resources, power system optimization and enabling policies.

Core Team Members:

Richard Rocheleau Director, HNEI Leon Roose* Principal & Chief Technologist Marc Matsuura* Senior Smart Grid Program Manager Ed Noma Senior RESG Program Manager Nathan Liang* Senior Power Systems Engineer Matthew Goo* Power Systems Engineer II Kanoa Jou* Power Systems Engineer Staci Sadoyama* Power Systems Engineer Thai Tran Junior Power System Engineer Brian Chee Communications System Analyst John Cole* Senior Policy Strategist James Maskrey* Energy Efficiency Program Manager Dax Mathews Renewable Energy Resources Forecasting Sharon Chan GIS Specialist Kevin Davies Assistant Researcher Saeed Sepasi Post-Doctoral Fellow Abdul Howlader Post-Doctoral Fellow Ehsan Reihani Post-Doctoral Fellow Mithila Bhuiyan Visiting Researcher

* 100+ years of combined utility & regulatory experience

Sampling of Sponsors & Partners:

Lead for many public-private demonstration projects

30

Expertise & Focus:

Renewable Energy Grid Integration

Smart Grid Planning & Technologies

Power Systems Planning

Power Systems Operation

Power Systems Engineering and Standards

Energy Efficiency

Project Management and Execution

Energy Policy

Communications Design and Testing

Data Center and Cloud infrastructure Design and Testing

31