INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

TECHNICAL- SEMINAR

ON

HAWK-EYE TECHNOLOGY

BY- VIVEK PRATEEK

ROLL NO-128

YEAR-3RD

CONTENTS• Introduction

• History

• Principle

• Components

• How it works?

• Application

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Future enhancement•

IS UMPIRE’S DECISION ENOUGH???

WHY HAWK- EYE??

• Sports has great commercial importance and

popularity. As a result, there’s a need to make

the game more interesting and make it as fair as possible.

• Human error plays vital role in decision making at decisive moments.

• There is need to bring a technology to minimize the chances of human error in such decision making.

INTRODUCTION

• Hawk-Eye is a system used in cricket, tennis , snookers and other sports to visually track the path of the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely path as a moving image.

• Hawk-Eye is most innovative technology in sports broadcasting and is a development that will reinforce the group's presence and influence.

HISTORY

• It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research Limited in 2001.

• The patent being held by Paul Hawkins and David Sherry.

• The system was first used during a Test match between Pakistan and England at Lord's Cricket Ground, on 21 April 2001.

• It was first used in tennis 2006 US open.

Hawk-Eye system is based on the principle of

”Triangulation”

Triangulation-is the process of

determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline.

The hawk eye system consists of two significant parts

Tracking System.

Camera .

Speed gun.

Video Replay System.

The tracking data provides the coaches and players with the information for HOW they have performed.

The tracking system consists of High speed vision processing cameras to track the ball fromthe bowler’s hand to the batsman.

TRACKING SYSTEM

• The system will automatically calculate the following information:

• The speed of the ball leaving the bowler's hand.

• The swing of the ball from the bowler's hand to where theball pitched .

• How much the ball bounced.

• How much the ball deviated sideways off the wicket.

• A prediction of where the ball would have passed the stumps.

HAWK-EYE CAMERA

Hawkeye cameras placed high above the court to track the trajectory (path followed) of the ball.

It can point out the bounce of the ball upto the precision of 3mm.

The cameras record the movement of ball at the rate of 60frames per second.

A speed gun measures the ball speed.

It shoots a very short burst of infra-red laser and receives it back.

The gun, counts the nanoseconds it took for the light to travel to and from the ball, divides it by two and gives the speed of the ball.

SPEED GUN

VIDEO REPLAY SYSTEM

• The Hawk-Eye System can in corporate more video replay cameras for analysis from different angles, which can be controlled remotely.

• The video is captured and stored digitally on hard disks.

• This uses display unit like monitor and projector screens.

Uses 6 cameras placed as shown.Each cameras are positioned at 60degree roughly from each other.6 cameras are designed according to their distance from pitch.Each camera covers smaller region for accuracy.

CORE IMAGE PROCESSING

• It include loading of statistical generator, which isusedto produce status based on data collected.This part of the system can be further divided into 3 major parts:

• Identifying pixels representing the ball in each image.

• Applying some geometric algorithm on the set of Imagesat each instant.

• Coming up with the 3D position of the ball in space.•

IDENTIFYINGDone by process called Blob detection

Blob detection-senses the size of the ball.

It negates the confusion of the ball shadow which may be confused with the ball pixel by comparing the ball position in previous images &position of the sun at that instant.

GEOMETRIC ALGORITHM

Data of x & y coordinates in each camera is obtained by geometric algorithm which is used

inside hawk-eye system.

CRICKET(LBW)

• Hawk-Eye helps to resolve the following three issues:

• Would the ball have hit the stumps?

• Did the ball pitch in-line?

• Did the ball hit the batsman in-line?

BEEHIVES AND WAGONWHEEL

DISADVANTAGE

• The system is too costly.

• The system needs complex arrangements.

• Sometimes Hawk-Eye struggle with predicting the curved trajectory of a cricket ball after bouncing.

• Sometimes it challenges umpires dignity

CONCLUSION

• After all the test that have been conducted on this technology, it has always come out successful and it promises to be a boon for the world of sports and now it is up to the different councils to decide whether to use this technology or not.

• This technology has met the high reality and accuracy features.

• Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football