hazards of biomedical waste & its management
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TRANSCRIPT
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HEALTH HAZARDS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE &
ITS MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY :- DR.NAVIN KUMAR
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LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT
CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF
“THE HEALTHY”.
K.park
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DEFINITION
CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BIOMEDICAL WASTE
NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
STEP TO MANAGE HAZARDOUS WASTE
TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
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DEFINATION:
ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THERE TO OR IN THE PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO MEDICALS.
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BIOMEDICAL WASTE
HOSPITAL WASTE
INFECTIVE
SOLID LIQUID
NON-INFECTIVE
SOLID LIQUID
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HEALTHCARE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION WHO
Healthcare Waste
85% Non-infectious 10% Infectious 5% Hazardous
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CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE
Non-Hazardous Waste
Bio-degradable
Non bio-degradable
Potentially Infectious Waste
Dressings, swabs,
laboratory wastes,
instruments used in
patient care..
Potentially Toxic Waste
Radioactive Chemical Pharmaceutical
TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
Chemical waste
Waste with high content of heavy metals
Pressurized containers
Radioactive waste
• Lab reagents• Film developer• Expired disinfectants• Expired solvents• Batteries• Broken thermometers• Blood pressure guages etc• Gas cylinders• Gas catridges• Aerosol cans• Radiotherapy/lab research liquids• Contaminated glass wares, packages,
absorbent papers9
Sharp waste
Pharmaceutical waste
Genotoxic waste
• Needles• Infusion Sets• Scalpels• Knives Blades • Broken Glass• Expired Pharmaceuticals• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals• Banned Pharmaceuticals• Waste Containing Cytotoxic
Drugs(often Used In Cancer Therapy)
• Genotoxic Chemicals
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HISTORY OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE August 13, 1987, prompted expansive closures of
numerous New Jersey and New York beaches due to
a “30-mile garbage slick” composed primarily of medical and household wastes because of illegal disposal of the waste
private waste contractors to dump illegally to avoid high fees.
Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 (MWTA).
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NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENTNosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
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CATEGORIES OF PERSONS EXPOSED TO RISK OF INFECTION
Sanitation workers
Medical & Paramedical staff
Patients
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ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
By ingestion (contaminated
unwashed hands, contaminated food stuffs, water etc)
Intact or non intact skin,
mucous membranes
Inhalation of dust particles
containing germs
PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.
Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections
Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.
PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium
Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.
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WASTE
IMPROPER DISPOSAL
COLLECTED BY ULB
SMALL SCRAP DEALERS
(KAWARIWALLAH)
RAG PICKERS
LANDFILLS OR DUMPING GROUNDS
WHOLESALE DEALER ORLARGE SCRAP DEALER
RECYCLE FACTORY UNITS
CONSUMER
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BIOMEDICAL WASTE
PLANNING ORGANZING IMPLEMENTING
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WASTE HIERARCHY PYRAMID
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BMWBegin a system
Make it effective
Work for its success
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OBJECTIVE OF BMW MANAGEMENT• TO MINIMIZE THE PRODUCTION/GENERATION OF
INFECTIVE WASTE.• RECYCLE THE WASTE AFTER TREATING TO THE
EXTENT POSSIBLE.• TREAT THE WASTE BY SAFE AND ENVIORNMENT
FRIENDLY/ACCEPTABLE METHODS.• ADEQUATE CARE IN HANDLING TO PREVENT
HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS.• SEFTY PRECAUTIONS DURING HANDLING THE BMW.
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COLOUR CODING OF BAGSCATEGORIES- 5,9 AND 10 (SOLID)
CATEGORIES- 3,6 AND 7
CATEGORIES- 1,2,3 AND 6
CATEGORIES- 4 AND 7
SEGREGATION
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COLOR CODE
TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6 Incineration/deep burial
Red Disinfected container/plastic bag
3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro Waving/Chemical
treatment
Blue/white transparent
Plastic bags/puncture proof container
4 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/chemical
treatment, Destruction & shredding
Black Plastic bag 5, & 9, AND 10 (SOLID)
Disposal in secured land fills
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INSPECTION & RE-SEGREGATION
LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS
Note : Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.
HANDLE WITH CARE BIOHAZARD CYTOTOXIC
BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL
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THERMAL PROCESSES
MECHANICAL PROCESSES
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INCINERATION
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BIO MEDICAL WASTES DESTRUCTION BY DOUBLE CHAMBERED INCINERATOR
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INCINERATOR ASH DISPOSAL
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AUTOCLAVE
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BIO MEDICAL PLASTIC WASTES DISINFECTION BY SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
SHARP STORAGE & DISPOSAL
LAND DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR CITIES & TOWNS WITH POPULATION LESS THAN 5 LACS
BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
THIS RULE APPLIES TO THOSE WHO GENERATE, COLLECT, RECEIVE, STORE, DISPOSE, TREAT OR HANDLE BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN ANY MANNER.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULE 1998, PRESCRIBED BY THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS, GOVT OF INDIA, CAME INTO FORCE ON 20TH JULY 1998.
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• THUS BIO MEDICAL WASTE SHOULD BE SEGREGATED INTO CONTAINERS/BAGS AT THE POINT OF GENERATION OF WASTE.
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UNDER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT,1998
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (Management & handling) RULES 1998
1st Amendment Rules vide S.O.201(E) Dated 06/03/20002ndAmendment Rules vide S.O.1069(E) Dated 17/09/2003
• THE AUTHORIZATION IS REQUIRED FOR Generation/Collection/Reception/Storage Transportation Treatment/Disposal or any other form of handling.
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ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
CONCLUSION• Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public education.• Individual participation is required.• Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal of waste economically.• Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and then preach others about it.• Start disposing waste first from within your home, then outside home, then neighborhood ,then your street, your area ,city and then the nation and the world.• Lets make this world a better place
to live in. 45