hazmat awareness

First Responder Awareness Level Training


UNIT 1 - “Preparation”

Unit ObjectivesUnit Objectives

• Identify OSHA and EPA training requirements

• Identify the role of the Awareness Level First Responder

• Identify the roles of the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

• Defined in numerous ways– U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)

– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

– U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

• Simplified Definition

• Extremely Hazardous Substances

Hazardous Materials IncidentsHazardous Materials Incidents

“Haz-Mat” incidents are unique incidents. They require specialized protective measures not normally

available to first responders ANDthey demand a different operational

approach!

Mechanisms of HarmMechanisms of Harm

T.E.A.M. C.P.R.Thermal Chemical

Etiological Psychological

Asphyxiation Radiological

Mechanical

Public Safety “Duty to Act”Public Safety “Duty to Act”

• Public safety responders have a “Duty to Act”.

• Your level of involvement is defined by your employer’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP).

• The actions you are expected to take should be in Standard Operating Procedure format.

• NEVER exceed your level of training and protection!

Awareness Level Response GoalsAwareness Level Response Goals

Recognition

Isolation

Protection

Notification

North American Emergency Response Guidebook

North American Emergency Response Guidebook

• Your tool for success.

• Every emergency vehicle should have a copy.

• Purpose:– An aid for identification of the material involved.

– Outlines basic initial actions.

– Recommends protective action areas.

– Serves as an initial incident safety plan.

Legal MandatesLegal Mandates

• Superfund Amendments and Re-Authorization Act of 1986 (SARA 1986).

• SARA Title I, Section 126 mandated OSHA to develop safety regulations for responders.

• SARA Title III requires local communities and facilities to plan and prepare for hazardous materials emergencies.

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)

• OSHA and EPA’s safety standard which was developed in accordance with the mandate of SARA Title I, Section 126.

• Codified as OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR 311.

• Enforced in Florida by the Florida Department of Labor and Employment Security as well as OSHA and EPA.

Five Levels of TrainingFive Levels of Training

• First Responder Awareness Level

• First Responder Operational Level

• Hazardous Materials Technician• Hazardous Materials Specialist• Hazardous Materials Incident Commander

Operational ModesOperational Modes

• Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions.

• Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions.

• The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.

Unit SummaryUnit Summary

• Definition and difference

• T.E.A.M. C.P.R. lists the potential hazards

• Duty to Act

• Four roles for awareness responders R.I.P. NOT!

• Employer’s Emergency Response Plan

• Five levels of training

• Two operational modes



Unit 2 - “Hazard Identification”

Unit 2 - Hazard IdentificationUnit 2 - Hazard Identification

Unit Objectives:- Identify the six clues to the presence

of hazardous materials.

- Identify the various hazard classes of hazardous materials.

- Describe ways in which you can determine the specific identity of a hazardous material.

Remember your four goals!Remember your four goals!

Recognition

Isolation

Protection

Notification

Six Basic Clues to RecognitionSix Basic Clues to Recognition

1 - Occupancy and location2 - Container shape and size3 - Placards and labels4 - Shipping papers/facility

documents5 - Markings and colors6 - Human senses

Clue # 1 - Occupancy and LocationClue # 1 - Occupancy and Location

• Specific occupancy or general area

• Fixed facilities• Five modes of hazardous

materials transportation– Rail, air, marine, highway and

pipeline

• Drug lab considerations

Clue # 2 - Container Shape and SizeClue # 2 - Container Shape and Size

• Classifications– Portable, fixed or transportation

• Pressure– Non-pressurized, low or high pressure

• Vapor Pressure and Storage– The higher the pressure, the greater the

potential for catastrophic failure

– BLEVE

Clue # 3 - Placards and LabelsClue # 3 - Placards and Labels

• Placards and their limitations– Not always required

– The 1000 pound rule

• Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class

• Nine Hazard Classes– Subdivided into divisions

– Refer to page 11 of 1996 ERG

Hazard Class 1 - ExplosivesHazard Class 1 - Explosives

• Subdivided into 6 divisions1.1 - Mass explosion hazard

1.2 - Projectile hazard

1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile

1.4 - Minor explosion

1.5 - Very insensitive explosives

1.6 - Extremely insensitive

• Pressurized or liquified– Compressed nitrogen and liquified petroleum

gases (LPG) are examples

• Product and container present hazards

• Three Subdivisions – 2.1 - Flammable gases

– 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous

– 2.3 - Poisonous Gases

Hazard Class 2 - GasesHazard Class 2 - Gases

Hazard Class 3 -Flammable/Combustible Liquids

Hazard Class 3 -Flammable/Combustible Liquids

• Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature

• Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite

• Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids

• Three subdivisions4.1 - Flammable Solids

4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible

4.3 - Dangerous when wet

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

• Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn

• With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violentcombustion

• Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable

Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances

Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances

• Poisonous to human– Can include severely irritating

substances

– “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride

• Infectious Substances– Potential to cause diseases in

humans

– Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials

• Ionizing radiation hazard

• Exposure does not always result in contamination

• Safety Rules:– Time, Distance and Shielding

• Shipped in specialized containers

Hazard Class 8 - CorrosivesHazard Class 8 - Corrosives

Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

• ORM A - Dry Ice

• ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic mercury

• ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts

• ORM D - Consumer commodities

• ORM E - Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes

Pesticide LabelsPesticide Labels

• Product name

• Active ingredients

• Signal word– Caution

– Warning

– Danger (Poison)

• Precautionary statements

Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents

Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility DocumentsM O D E C A L L E D L O C A T IO N

R a il W a yb ill a n dC o s is t

W ith c re w

H ig h w a y B ill o f L a d d in g D r iv e r / o n s e a to r d o o r p o c k e t

A ir A irb ill P ilo t

P ip e lin e M a rk e r A t c ro s s w itho th e r m o d e o ftra n s p o rt

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Required to be maintained by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and The Florida Right-to-Know Law

• Found at fixed facilities

• Provides a variety of information

• Emergency Response Plans (ERP)

• Emergency Action Plans (EAP)

Clue # 5 - Markings and ColorsClue # 5 - Markings and Colors

• Container colors are not always standardized

• UN/NA identification numbers

• NFPA 704 Diamond

• Military markings

Clue # 6 - Human SensesClue # 6 - Human Senses

RISK LEVEL

High

Low

TASTETOUCHSMELLSIGHTSOUND

Methods of IdentificationMethods of Identification

• Once you recognize, try to identify

• Location of material name– Shipping papers

– MSDSs (fixed facilities)

– Facility Pre-Plans

– Employees and bystanders

• If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class

Unit SummaryUnit Summary• Goals of recognition and identification

– Recognize, Classify, Identify

• Six clues to the presence of hazardous materials– Occupancy and location, container shape and size,

placards and labels, shipping papers and facility documents, markings and colors, the human senses

• There are nine general classes of hazardous materials



Unit 3 - “Taking Control”

ObjectivesObjectives

• Identify the procedures for initiating your Emergency Response Plan.

• Identify the proper procedures for implementing protective action distances.

• Take actions necessary to properly isolate the incident.

NA-ERGNA-ERG

• North American Emergency Response Guidebook

• Origin

• Goal

• Purpose & Limitations

Steps for Proper Use of the ERGSteps for Proper Use of the ERG

• Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials– Name

– Four digit ID number

– Placard description

• Look up the guide page number

• Take basic protective actions according to the guide page

• Initiate isolation and evacuation according to protective action distances

Basic Protective ActionsBasic Protective Actions

• Your approach

• Your main objectives– Isolate

– Protectby preventing contamination

– Initiate your Emergency Response Plan (Notify)

Proper Guide Page UseProper Guide Page Use

Table of Protective Action DistancesTable of Protective Action Distances

Protective Action OptionsProtective Action Options

• Shelter in-place– Short duration incidents

– Greater hazard to attempt to move

– Impractical to evacuate

• Evacuation– Potential for massive fire or

explosion

– Long duration incidents

Emergency Response InformationEmergency Response Information

• Firefighting– Definition of “Haz-Mat Fire”

– Defensive Vs. Offensive

– Role of the awareness responder

• Spill / Leak Control– Not an awareness level role

• First Aid– Remember to prevent secondary contamination

SummarySummary

• ERG provides guidelines

• You can find a guide page by:– Name, ID number or placard comparison

• Basic instructions - page 1

• Two indexes

• Orange guide pages

• Green protective action pages



Unit 4 - “Termination”

ObjectivesObjectives

• Identify the three actions necessary for proper termination

• Identify the information that should be received by responders duringonscene debriefing

Reasons for TerminationReasons for Termination• Required by OSHA

• Relates important information to the responders

• Insures exposures are documented

• Insures that we improve our future responses

Steps to Proper TerminationSteps to Proper Termination

• On-scene debriefing

• Incident critique

• After action analysis

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