hazmat ch12
TRANSCRIPT
Mission-Specific Competencies: Victim Rescue and Recovery
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Objectives (1 of 4)
• Describe tactical considerations such as attempting to make a rescue without the proper PPE or without backup personnel, or deciding whether a rescue attempt has a good chance of success
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Objectives (2 of 4)
• Describe entry team and backup team responsibilities
• Describe the difference between ambulatory and nonambulatory victims, and considerations for each
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Objectives (3 of 4)
• Describe the difference between rescue mode and recovery mode
• Describe considerations in providing medical care and/or decontamination to victims during rescue mode or recovery mode
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Objectives (4 of 4)
• Describe the equipment needed for search, rescue and recovery operations
• Describe the assists, lifts, and carries commonly used during rescue operations
• Describe the benefits of sheltering-in-place
• Describe the process of triage
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Protecting Life (1 of 2)
• Responder’s job is to protect life
• Risk to responder may outweigh benefit
• Decision based on– Sound information– Training– PPE and enough trained personnel
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Protecting Life (2 of 2)
• May have to attempt rescue without resources– Without adequate training– Without proper PPE (or any PPE)
• Making a victim rescue is a choice– Choose wisely
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Tactical Considerations (1 of 3)
• First, ensure enough responders are on scene.
• Do not attempt a rescue alone.
• Take time to size up the scene and understand the hazards present before responding.
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Tactical Considerations (2 of 3)
• Generally at least five responders are needed.– Two on entry team– Two on backup team– One to staff emergency decontamination
• Victim viability is an important factor.
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Tactical Considerations (3 of 3)
You should not attempt to make a rescue alone.
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Entry Team
• Two or more appropriately trained responders
• Proper level and type of PPE
• Equipped with radio communications
• With appropriate tools
• Operating under direction of supervisor
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Entry Team Responsibilities (1 of 4)
• Reconnaissance
• Mapping
• Search and rescue
• Triaging victims
• Directing victims out of contaminated environment
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Entry Team Responsibilities (2 of 4)
The START triage method.
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Entry Team Responsibilities (3 of 4)
• Non-line-of-sight situations– Require searching before rescue
• Ambulatory victims (able to walk)
• Nonambulatory victims (unable to walk)
• Carrying adult victims is physically taxing
• Decontamination necessary for all victims
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Entry Team Responsibilities (4 of 4)
Decontamination is necessary for all victims when a chemical exposure is suspected or confirmed.
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Triage (1 of 3)
• Essential at all mass-casualty incidents
• Rescue live victims with best chance of survival
• Pointless to rescue the dead– Dead are recovered later
• Follow AHJ-approved triage method
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Triage (2 of 3)
• START (Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment) system
• Assesses:– Breathing rate– Pulse rate– Mental status
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Triage (3 of 3)
• Use color-coding system to classify victims
• Shows priority for treatment and removal– Red-tagged victims are first priority– Yellow-tagged victims are second priority– Green- or black-tagged victims are lowest
priority
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Rescue Mode (1 of 2)
• Victims are present
• Victims determined to have good chance of survival
• Rescue as quickly as possible
• May transition to recovery mode
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Rescue Mode (2 of 2)
Victims with a good chance of survival are rescued as quickly as possible.
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Recovery Mode
• No chance remains of rescuing victims alive
• Systematic search
• Removal of bodies
• Decontamination may still be necessary
• Evidence collection
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Medical Care
• Generally not rendered during rescue mode
• Decontamination required
• Medical care outside the hot or warm zone
• No absolutes—always exceptions
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Backup Team (1 of 2)
• One person for each entry team member
• Dressed in same level of PPE
• Staged at same access point
• Ready to deploy in seconds
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Backup Team (2 of 2)
One backup entry team member should be provided for each entry team member.
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Emergency Decontamination (1 of 2)
• Rapidly removes bulk of contamination
• Removal of clothing
• Dousing of victim
• Addressing contaminated runoff if there is time
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Emergency Decontamination (2 of 2)
Emergency decontamination involves the immediate removal of contaminated clothing.
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Search, Rescue, and Recovery
(1 of 2)
• Time-consuming
• Dangerous
• Labor-intensive
• Stressful
• PPE causes physical problems
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Search, Rescue, and Recovery
(2 of 2)
• “Work smarter, not harder.”
• Primary team could pass on information to secondary team
• Each incident has unique factors
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Search, Rescue, and Recovery Equipment (1 of 3)
• Wear full PPE, and SCBA if necessary
• Carry proper rescue supplies and tools– Portable radio– Hand light or flashlight– Forcible-entry (-exit) tools– Thermal imaging devices (if available)
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– Long rope(s) in some cases– Tubular webbing or short rope (16–24 feet)
• For victims:– Rescue sleds (see next slide), stretchers– Evacuation chairs, spine boards– Wheeled carts
Search, Rescue, and Recovery Equipment (2 of 3)
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Search, Rescue, and Recovery Equipment (3 of 3)
Responders using a rescue sled to extricate a victim.
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Search, Rescue, and Recovery Safety Tips
• Work from a single plan
• Maintain radio contact with IC
• Monitor environmental conditions
• Adhere to personal accountability system of AHJ
• Stay with a partner
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Rescue Methods
• Assists, carries, drags– Should be practiced ahead of time
• Direct or remove victim to safe area
• Use safest means of egress
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Sheltering-in-Place
• Sometimes safer to shelter than remove
• Conscious victim
• Located in adequately protected part of building
• When not feasible, rescue is required
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Exit Assist
• One-person walking assist
• Two-person walking assist
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Victim Carries
• Two-person extremity carry
• Two-person seat carry
• Two-person chair carry
• Cradle-in-arms carry
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Emergency Drags (1 of 2)
• Clothes drag
• Blanket drag
• Standing drag
• Webbing sling drag
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Emergency Drags (2 of 2)
• Fire fighter drag
• Emergency drag from a vehicle
• Long backboard rescue
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Summary (1 of 2)
• Rescue feasibility is not exact science• Rescue attempts should be based on
sound information, good training, adequate PPE, and enough available personnel
• Reasonable expectation of a positive outcome is important
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• Team of five trained responders (not including supervisor) is recommended
• Use assists, carries, drags to aid victims• All on scene should know when incident
switches from rescue to recovery mode• A decontamination plan must be in place
Summary (2 of 2)
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