hcl indian

8/11/2019 HCL Indian

1/20

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

!"#$% '(%)

!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

Step Out From the Old to the New

7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

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2/20


3/20


4/20

I S12845 ; 1989

I ndian St andard

DENSITY-COMPOSITIONTABLESFOR

AQUEOUSSOLUTIONSOFHYDROCHLORTC

ACID-

SPECIFICATION

UDC

543' 24 : 546' 41 + 546' 46

@ BIS 1991

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Apr i l

1991

Price Group 7

( Reaffirmed 2003 )


5/20

Chemical Standards Sectional Committee, CDC 1

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 30 November 1989, after

the draft finalized by the Chemical Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the

Chemical Division Council.

The density-composition tables provide a simple means to determine the strength of any aqueous

solntion of hydrochloric acid or of making a solution of specific strength. The underlying

principle in the preparation of these tables is that density is a function of the composition of

aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions.

By using a density hydrometer or from the density deter-

mined at any particular temperature within the range of the tables, composition of the solution can

be determined. The density-composition table is based on data obtained from the International

Critical Tables 1928 still authoritative and relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air.

This standard is based on the tables published in BS 976

:

1987, Density-composition tables for

aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, issued by the British Standards Institution.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with

the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be roundh,

off in accordance with IS 2

:

1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (

revised .

Ted

number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that ofhe

specified value in this standard.


6/20

I s1284 :1989

I ndian St andbd

DENSITY-COhiPOSITION TABLES FOR

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF -HYDROCHLORIC

ACID - SPECIFICATION

1 SCOPE

1.1

This standard furnishes tables which corre-

late density with composrtion of aqueous soiu-

tions of hydrochloric acid. This standard is

.intended to assist in determining the strength of

an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid of

.known density and in preparing solutions of

specific strength.

3

REFERENCES

2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary

.adjuncts to this standard.

IS No.

Title

3104

4 Part 1) : 1982

SpedIflcation for density

hydrometers: Part 1 Require-

ments ( first revision )

3104

( Part 2 ) : 1982

Specification for density hy-

drometers: Part 2 Methods

of test

and

revision )

use ( jirst

3 DENSITY-COMPOSITION TABLE FOR

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF HYDRO-

4XLORIC ACID ( TABLE 1)

3.1 Abbreviationn

For the purpose of this standard, the following

abbreviations shall apply:

Dt e Density of the aqueous solutions of

hydrochloric acid in ( kg/ml ) at a

temperature t.

8

= Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in

100 g@ams of the aqueous solution.

G

= Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in

one litre of the aqueous solution at

temperature t.

3.2 The table gives the values OC g and G for

densities of hydrochloric acid solutions at various

temperatures between 0 and 40C.

3.3 Table 1 has been so prepared that the den-

sity Dt increases by steps of 1 kg/m* and the

corresponding values of g and G have been for

each 5C over the range 0 to 40C.

3.4 Corrections to be applied

racy are given in Annex A.

3.5 Examples of the use of

position tables in conjunction

are given in Annex B.

for greater accu-

the density-com-

with hydrometers

3.6

Determinitlon of D, from Table 1

The method of obtaining density of solutions

of hydrochloric acid of known strength is given

in Annex C.

3.7 Choice

of Hydrometera

Recommendations as to the choice of suitable

hydrometers for use in conjunction with these

tables are

visual rea

%

iven in Annex D. To avoid error in

ing of the scales of the hydrometers

and to apply the corrections given in Annex A

with best advantage, density hydrometers shall

be used in overtlow vessels as recommended in

IS 3104 ( Part 2 )

:

1082.

1


7/20

Table 1 Density - Composition

Table for Aqueous Solutions of HydrochloricAcid (Ckuses

3,3.3,3.6,

B-1.1, B-34 C-l.1 and C-2 . 11

r

T

r l

c

15' C

2OC 25C

0.8 1 8

1-o , 10

3OC

35-c

40C

C

t

_-

.-

-

-

D,

i3

G

g

G G

g

G

g

-

G

g

G

R

G

D,

1000

1001

1002

09

0.2

04

0.0 0.1 1

0.2

2

0.3 3

2 0.2

2

0.3 3

0.4

4

0.5

5

4

04 4 0.5 5 0.6

6

0.8 8

-

D.9

1-l

1.3

-

9

1.2

11

1.4

13

1.6

12

1.6

16

14

1.8

18

16

2.0

20

--

1000

1001

1002

1003

0.6

6

0.6 6 07 7 08

8

19 10 1.2

12

1004 Q8 8

08

8

O-8

8 1.0

10

F2 12

1.4 14

1005

1.0

10

1.0 10

1.0

10

1-2 12

l -4 14

1.6 16

1-5

15

1.8

18

2.2

22

1.7

17

2.1

21

2.4

24

1.9

19

2.3

23

2.6

26

1003

1004

1005

1008

1-l 12

1.2 12 1.2

12 14

14

1.6 16

1.8

18

2.1

21

2. 5 2i l

2.8

29

100s

1007 1.3 13

1.4 14 1.4 14 1.6

16

1.8

18

2.0 20

2.3

23

2.7

27 3.1

31

1007

1008

1*5

15

l-5 16 1.6 16

1.8

18

2-o 20 2.2

22

2.5

25

2.9

29

3. 3.

33

1008

1009

1.7

17

1.7 18 1.8 18

2.0

20

2.2

22

2.4 24

2.7

28

3.1

31

3.5

35

1009

1010

1.9

19

1.9 19 2.0

20 2.2

22

2.4

24

2.6 27

2.9

30

3.3 33

3.7

37

1010

1011

2.1

21

2.1 21 2-2 22

24

24

2.6

26 2.8

29

3.1

32

3.5

35

3.9

39

1011

1012

2.3

23

2.3 23 2.4 24

26

26

2.8 28

3.0 31

3.3 34 3.7 38

4.1

41

1012

1013

2.5

25

2.5 25 2.6 26

2.8

28

3.0

30 3.2

33

3.6

36

3.9 40 4.3

43

1013

1014

2.6

27

2.7 27 2.8 28

39

30

3.2

32

3.4 35

3.8

38

4.1

42

4.5

46

1014

1015

2.8

1018

3.0

1017

3.2

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.0 30

3-2

32

3.4 34

3.6

37

4.0

40

4.3 44 4.7

48

1015

3.2

32 3.4

34

3.6

36 3.9

39

4.2

42

4.5

46 4. 9

50

1010

34 34

3.6

36

3.8

38 4.1 41

4.4

45

4.8

48

5.1

52

1017

4018

3.4

1019

3.6

1020

3.8

29

31

33

34

36

38

3.4

3.6

3.8

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

3.6 36 3.8

s6

4-o 40

3.8 38

4.0

40

4.2

43

4.0 40 4.2

42 4.4

45

43

4.6

47

5.0

51

5.4

54

1018

46

4.8

49 5.2 53

5.6

57

1019

48

5.0

51

5.4 55 5.8 59

1020

1021

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

I

3.9 I 40

4.1 j 42

4.3 , 44

I

4.5 ; 46

4.7 1 48

4.9 50

4.0

4.2

4-4

4.2 42 44

4.4 45 46

4.6 47

4.8

4.6 47

4.8

49

5-o

51

50

5.2

53

5.6

57

6.0

61

1021

52

5.4

55

5.8

59

6.2

63

W=

54

5.6

58

6.0

61

6.4

66

1023

46

4-8

50

1

4.8

5-O

5.2

49

51

53

--

50

5.2

54

44

47

49

51

53

55

5.2

53

5.4 55

5.6 58

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9

5.1

5.3

5.5

5.7

5.9

56

5.8

60

6.2

64

6.6

68

1024

58

6.0

62 6.4 6E 6.8

70

1025

61

6.3 64 6.6

68

70

72

1028


8/20

Table 1 Density - Composition lhble or Aqueous Solutions of Hydmddo$c Arid - Ccmtd

--

30-c

4oc

T

f

-_

G

0;

75

1027

77

1028

79

1029

77 7.9 81

79 8.1 84

82 8-3 86

7.4

76 7.7

80 8.1

64

8.5 68

7.6

78

7.9

82 8.3 86

8.7 90

7.8

81 8~1

84 8.5

86

9.0 93

8.0

83 8.4

87 8.8

91

9.2 95

8.2

85

8.6

89

90

93

9.4 97

8.4

87

8.8

91 9.2 55 9.6

99

97 9.8 102

LOO 10.0 104

102

10.2 106

9.2

96

9.6

100 LO.0 104 10.4

108

9.4

96 9.8

102

10.2 107

10.6 111

9.6

LO1

10.0

105 10.4 109 10.8

113

111 11.0 115

113 11.2

118

116 11.4

120

118 11.7 122

120

11.9

124

122

12.1.

127

125

12.3

l29

27 L2.5

131

i29

12.7

134

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1030

1037.

1038

1039

1040

1041

1042

1043

1044

1045

1046

1047

1048

1048

1050

lW1

T

r

T

C 10

C

20 c

SC

35-c

sc

4

G

g

G

g

G

g

G

ii

G

g

1027

5.1 52

5.2

53 5.4 55 5.6

57 5.8 60 6.1

1028

5.3 -54

5.4 55

5.5 57 5.8

59 6.0

62 6.3

1029 5.5 56

5.6 57

5.7 59

6.0

61 6.2

64 6.5

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

1040

1041

1042

1043

1044

1045

1046

1047

1048

1049

1050

1051

1052

1063

5.6 56

5.8 59

5.9 61

6.2 63

6.4

58 60

6.0 61

6.1 63

6.4

66 ,6.6

6.0 62

6.2 64

6.3

65 66

68 6.9

6.7

69 7.1

73

7.5

7.0

72

7.3

75

7.7

7.2

74 7.5

78 7.9

6.2 64

6.4

6-4 66

6.6

6.6 66

6.8

66

66

70

72

74

76

6.5 68

6.8 70

7.1

6.7 70

7.0 ,72

7.3

6.9 72 7.2 74

7.5

6.8

70

7.0

7.0 72

7.1

7.2 74

7.3

7.1

74 7.4

77

7.7

7.3

76 7.6 79

7.9

7.5 78 7.8

81

8.1

7.4

77

7.5 78

7.7

80 8.0

7.6 79

7.7 60

7.9

a3

8.2

7,8 81

7.9 82 8.1 85

8.4

8.3

8.5

8.7

8.6

89

9.0

93 9.4

8.8

92

9.2

95 9.6

9.0

94 44

98 98

7.9

83

8.1 85 8.3 87

8.6

8.1 85

8.3 87 8.5 89

8.8

8.3 87 8.5

89 8.7

91 9.0

8.9

9.1

9.3

8.5

8.7

8.9

9.1

9.3

9.5

9.7

9.8

10.0

89

91

93

95

97

99

101

104

106

--

8.7

8.9

9.1

9.3

9.5

9.7

9.9

10.1

10.3

91

93

95

97

99

102

104

106

106

8.9

9.1

9.3

93

95

98

100

102

104

106

108

111

9.2

9.4

9.6

9.5

9.7

9.9

10.1

10.3

10.5

9.8

10.0

10.2

10.4

10.6

10.8

83

85

87

90

92

94

96

96

101

103

105

107

109

112

114

9.5

9.7

9.9

10.1

10.3

10.5

10.7

10.9

11.1

66

68

71

73

75

77

79

82

84

86

86

90

93

95

97

99

102

104

106

108

111

113

115

117

9.9

10.1

10.3

10.5

10.7

10.9

11.1

11.3

11.5

-

G

-

g

-

G

83

65

67

6.5

6.7

6.9

-

65

s-s

69

7.1

71 7.3

la3 10.2

107

10.6

105

10.4

109 LO-8

LO7 10.6

111 11.0

110 10.8 114 A.2

112

11.0

116 11.5

114 11.2

118

.1.7

116

11.5

120 il.9

119

11.7

123

L2.1

121

11.9

125 b2.3

-

-

-

G

70

73

75

-

-

g

-

7.3

7.5

7.7

-

1

I

i

1

1

I

1

1

-

(COdWf)


9/20

OC

4OC

f-4

8

G

g

G

1064

1066

1068

102 108

104

ll

107

113 11.0

116

lo4 110

10.6

lb .-

10-9

115

11.2

118

106 lu

1@8

114 11.1 117 114

120

1067

1w

tw

108 114

119 116 11.3 119 116

I22

llQ 116

11.2

119 11.5 121 11.8

I.25

lla 118 114 121 11.7 124 12.0 l27

1W

1061

1062

114 l.20

11.6

Y.23 11.9 126 12.2 129

11.5 123

11.8

I.25 12.1 128 124 131

11.7 125

l2Q

127

12.3

130 126

133

1063

low

tw

ll.9

12-l

12.3

1zI

129

X51

12.2

124

12.5

129

132

134

tw

1067

1w

12-5

133 12.7

136 130 139

13-3

142

12.7 135

12.9

138 13.2

141 13.5

144

12.9 137

13-1 140

134

143 13.7

147

lW

1070

1071

13.1 140

13.3

142

13.6 145

13.9

149

13.2 142

13.5 144 13.8 148 14.1

151

134 144

13.7

147

14.0 150 14.3

153

1072

1073

1074

X5-6 146

13.9

149

14.2 152 14.5 155

13-E 146

14.1 151 14.4 154 14.7

158

14-o 150 14.2 153 14.6 1s 14.9 160

1075

14.2 152

14.4 155

1076 144 154

14.6

157

1077

14.5 157

14.8

160

10-78

14.7 159

15.0

162

1079

14-9

161

15.2

164

WE0

15.1

163

15.4

166

t

D,

1064

1W

1W

1067

1w

1w

1066

1061

1063

1W

1w

1w

1W

1067

106#

1069

1070

1071

1072

1073

1074

1076

1076

1077

1078

1On

1w

11.9

12.1

12.3

12.5

12.7

12.9

16.1

16.3

165

139

142

144

166

169

171

173

176

178

g

11.7

11.9

12.1

12.3

12.5

12.7

15.9

16.1

16.3

16.5

16.7

16.9

-

G

-

g

G

g

G

g

G

-

123

12-l

125

12.3

128

12.5

127

129

132

-

12.5

12.7

12.9

132

134

136

-

12.9

13.1

13.3

136

138

140

130

12.7 134

132 12.9

136

134 13.1 138

13.1

13.3

13.5

138

141

143

13.5

13-j

li.9

143

145

147

137

139

141

13.3

13.5

13.7

141

143

145

13.7

13.9

14.1

145

;zz

14.1

14.3

14.5

150

152

154

143

13.9 148 14.3 152 14.7

157

146

14.1 150 14.5 155 14.9

159

148

14.3 152 14.7

157

15.1

161

150 14.5 154 14.9 159

15.3 164

152

14.7 157 15.1 161 15cl

166

155

14.9 159 15.3 164 15.8

168

157

15.1 161 15.5 166

16.0 171

159 15.3 164 15.7 169 16.2

173

162

15.5

166

16Q

171

16.4

175

164

15.7

168

16.2 173 16.6

178

166

15.9 171 16.4 176 16.8

180

168 16.1 173 16.6 178 17.0 162

171

16.3 175 16.8

173

l.6.5

78 17.0

175

16.7 180

17.2

178

16.9 182

17-4

180

17,l 185 17.6

182

17.3 187

17.8

180

183

185

187

189

192

17.2

17.4

17.6

17.8

18.0

18.2

185

187

189

192

194

197

g

G

B

12.4 132

12.8 136

12.6 l34 WQ

138

12.8

I.37

13.2 140

14.7

14.9

15.1

15.3

15.5

15.7

159

15.1 162

161

15.3

165

163 15.5

167

165

15.7 169

167

15.9

171

170

16.1

174

P


10/20

i

r

)C

36C

35'C

0-c

4oC

5-c

5 c

1

1051

1052

1053

1054

1085

1055

1057

1055

1059

lo90

lo91

lo92

lo93

lo94

lo95

1096

lo97

1098

lo99

1100

1101

1102

1103

1104

I

-

g

G

g

G

g

G

&?

G

8

G

g

g

-

G

-

i

g

G

g

G

1081

15.3

165 15.6 168

15.9

172

16.3

1082

15.5

167

15.8 170

16.1

174

16.5

1083

15.7

169

15.9

173

16.3

176

16.7

1

x

180

16.7 160 17.1

185

16.9

182 17.3

187

17.1

185 17.5

189

-

17.5

17.7

17-9

189

192

194

18.0

194

18.4

18.2 197 18.6

18.4 199

18.8

199

201

2o4

1084

1085

1085

15.8

172

16.1 175

16.5

179

16-9 183

17.3

187 17.7

192

18.1

196

18.6 201 19.0

16.0

174

16.3

177

16.7

181

17.1

165

17.5

189 17.9

194

18.3

199

18.8

204

19.2

16.2 176 16.5 179 16.9 183 17.2 187 17.6. 192 18.1 196 18.5 201 19.0 206 19.4

206

209

211

1087

16.4

178 16.7

181

17.1

165

17.4

190

17.8

194 18.3

193

18.7

203 19.2 208 19.6 213

1088

16.6

180

16.9

184

17.2

188

17.6 192

180

196

18.5

201 18.9

206

19.4

211

19.8

216

1089

16.8

163 17.1

186

17.4

190

17.8 194

18.2

199

18.7

203

19.1

208

19.6 213

20.0

2l8

1090

16.9

185

17.3 186

17.6

192

180 196

18.4

201

18.9 206

19.3

211

19.8 216

20.2 221

lo ?1

17.1

187 17.4

190

17.8

194

18.2 l 99

18.6

203 19.1

208

19.5

213 20.0

218 20.4

223

1092

17.3

189

17.6

193

18.0

197

18.4

201

18.8

206 19.3

210

19.7

215

20.2 220 20.7

226

1093

17.5

191

17.8

195

18.2

199

18.6

1094

17.7

193

18.0

197

18.4

201

18.8

1095

17.9

196

18.2 199

18.6

203

19.0

203

z

19.0

208 19.5 213

19.9

218 20.4

223 20.9

228

19.2 210

19.7

215 20.1 220

20.6 225 21.1

230

19.4

213 19.9

218

20.3

222

20.8 228

21.3

233

1096

18.0

198

18.4

201

18.8

206

19.2 2io

19.6 215

20.1

220 20.5 225

21.0

230

21.5

235

1097

18.2

200

18.6

204

19.0

208

19.4 213

19.8

217 20.3

222 20.7

227

21.2 232

21.7

238

1098

18.4

202

18.8

206

19.1

210

19.6 215

20.0

220 20.5

225

20.9

230 21.4 235

21.9

240

1099

1100

1101

1102

1103

1104

1105

1106

1107

18.6

18.8

19.0

19.1

19.3

19.5

204

206

209

18.9

208

19.3

212

19.8

217

20.2 222

20.7

227

21.1

232

21.6

19.1

210

19Y5

215

20.0 219

20.4 224 20.8 229

21.3

234

21.8

19.3 213 19.7 217 20.1 222 20.6 227 21.0 232 21.5 237 22.0

224

2%

229

231

233

236

20.8

229 21.2

234 21.7 239 22.2

21.0

231

21.4

236

21.9

242

22.4

21.2

234

21.6

239

22.1 244 22.6

,

1

,

-

237

22.1 243

240 22-3

245

242 22.5 248

211

19.5

215 19.9

213

203

213 19.7

217

20.1

222

20.5

215 19.9

219

20.3

224

20.7

245

22.7

250

247

22.9 252

249

23.1

255

19.7 I 217 20.1

222

20.5

226

20-9

19.9 '2m

20.2

224

20.7

228

21.1

20.1 222

20.4

226

20.8

231

21.3

214

236 21.8

241 22.3

21.6

2.38 22.o

244

22.5

21.7

241 22.2

246

227

246

249

251

22.8

23c

23.2

252

254

257

23.3

23.5

23.7

257

260

262

-

-

-

-

(GmtinsW

1

-


11/20

IMe 1

Density - Composition Ihble for Aqueous Sohtion~ of HyWoric Acid - titd

T

T

T

C

T

C

10

c

15

c

--

4

g

G

6

G

g

G

g

1108

1109

1110

20.2 224

20.6

228

21.0

2o.4 226

20.8

231

21.2

20.6

229

21.0

233

21-4

233

21.5

238 21.9

243

22.4

248

22.9

254

23.4

259

23.9 265

235

21.7 240 22-l 246 22.6

251

23.1 256

23.6

262

24.1

267

236

21.9

243 22. 3

248 22.8 253

23.3 259

23 8

264

24.3

270

1111 20.8 231 21.2

235

21.6

240

22.1

245 22. 5

250 23.0 256

23.5

261

24.0

267

24.5

272

1111

1112

21.0

233

21.4

238

21.8 242

22.2 247

22. 7 253 23.2

256

23.7 263

24.2

269

24.7

275

1112

1113

21.1 235

21.6

240

22.0 245

22.4 250

22. 9 255

23.4 260

23.9 266

24-4

271

24.9

277

1113

1114

21.3

236

YJ1.7

242

22.2 247

22.6 252 23.1

257 23.6

263

24.1

266

24.6

274

25.1 280 1114

1115

21.5 240

21.3 244

22.4

249

22.8 254

23. 3 2&O

2F.8 265

24.3 271

24.8 276 25.3

282 1115

1116

21.7 242

22.1 247

22.5

252

23.0

257

23. 5

262

24.0 267

24.5

273

25.0 279 25.5

285

1116

1117

21.9 244 22.3

1118

22.1

247

22.5

1119

22.2

249

22-7

249

251

254

256

258

261

263

265

267

270

272

274

277

279

281

2m

286

288

22.7

254

23.2

259

23. 7

*z&9 256 234

261

23-9

23-l

255 236

264

24-l

iit

269

24.2 270

24.7

276

25.2 281 25.7 287 1117

24.4 272

24.9 278

25.4 284 25.9

290

1118

24.5 275

25.1

280

25.6 286

26.1 293

1119

1120

22.4 251 22.8

1121

22.6

253

23.0

1122

22.8 256

23.2

23.3

23.5

23.7

23.8 266 24- 3

272

24-7

m

25.3 283

25.8

289 264

295 1120

24.0 269 244

274 24.9 280

25.5 285

26.0

291 26.6 296

1121

24.1

271

24. 6

2'76 25.1 282

25.7

288

26.2

294 26.8

300

1122

1123

23.o

256

23.4

1124

23.1

260

23.6

1125

23.3

262 23.8

23.9

24.0

24.2

273

24-8

276 25- O

278

25. 2

285

25.9 290

26.4

296 27.0 3a3

1123

287

26.1

293

26.6

299 27.2

305

1124

269

26.3 295

26.8

302 274

308

1125

1126

23.5

265 24.0

1127

23.7

267 24.1

1128

23.9

269

24-3

24.4

24.6

24.8

254

25-6

25. 8

292

26.5 298

27.0

304 27.6

311

1126

294

26.7 300

27.2 307

ma 313

1127

297

26.9

303

27.4 309 28.0 316

1128

1129

1130

1131

1132

1133

1134

24.1 272

24.5

24.2 274

24.7

24.4

276 24.9

24.6 279

25.1

24.8 281

25.2

25.0 283 25.4

25.0

25.2

254

25.5

25.7

25:9

261

263

2%

266

270

273

275

277

260

282

284

287

269

292

294

24.3

24.5

24.7

24.9

25.1

25.3

25.5

25.7

25.9

26.1

26.3

264

280

283

285

286

290

293

295

297

300

269

26-2

26. 4

279

281

264

286

289

291

294

296

298

301

303

306

25.3

25.5

25.7

25.9

26.1

26.3

26.5

26.7

26.9

27.1

27.3

27.5

299

302

304

27.1

it.5

306

27.6 312

28.2

308

27.8

315 284

311

28.0 317 28.6

319

321

324

327

329

332

1129

1130 /

1131 /

26-6

26-8

2w

307

27.7

313

309

27.9 316

312

Z i

318

28.2

28.4

28.7

-

320 28.8

322

29.1

325

29.3

I

1132 I

1133 '

1134

I


12/20

fhble 1 Density - Qmpositim fhble for Aqueous Sduliom

of ydmddark

Add - Car&f

r

I

c

SC

10 c

15

C

25

40-c

OC

35C0-c

D,

113s

1136

1137

1138

113s

1140

1141

1142

1143

1144

1146

1140

1147

1148

1149

1150

1151

1152

1163

1154

1155

1156

1157

1168

1159

1160

1161

t

D,

--

113s

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1 41

1142

1143

1144

1146

1146

1147

1148

1149

1160

1151

1162

1153

1164

1166

G

g

g

G

8

G

g

G

g

-

G

291

26.1

296

26.6

293 26.3

299

26.8

295

26.5

301 27.0

7

302

305

307

n-2

214

276

308

311

313

315

317

320

28.3

28.5

28.7

321

324

326

298

26.7

304

27.2

310

276

316

28.3 322

28.9 329

300

26.9

306 27.4

312

280

318 28.5

325

29.1 331

303 27.1

309

276

315

28.2 321

28.7 327

29.3 334

26.3

300

26.8

305

27.3

311 27.8

26.4

302 26.9

308

27.5

313

289

26.6 304 27.1

310

27.6

316

28.2

317

320

322

325

321

330

332

335

337

340

343

345

348

350

353

356

358

361

363

366

369

284

286

20.8

290

29.2

294

29.6

29.7

29.9

30-l

=3.

365

30.7

309

31.1

31.3

3lc.l

31.7

31.9

32.1

32.3

3 24

326

329

331

334

336

339

342

344

347

349

352

354

357

360

362

365

368

370

373

375

28.9

29.1.

29.3

330

332

335

29.5

29.7

29.9

337

339

342

26.8 307 27.3

313 27.8

318

28.4

27.0

309

27.5

315

28-O

321

28.6

27.2 311

27.7

317 28.2

324

28.8

29.5

29.7

29.9

338

340

34;

30.1

30.3

30-5

344

347

350

27.4

314 27.9

320

28.4

326

29.0

27.5 316

28.1

322

28.6

329

29.2

27.7

319 28.3

325

28.8

331

29.4

30.1

30.3

30.5

345

348

351

30.7

30.9

31.1

352

365

358

27.9 321

28.4

327

29.0

334

296

28.1

323 28.6

330

29.2

336

29.8

28.3

326 28.8

332

29.4

339

300

30.7

30.9

31.1

353

356

359

31.3

31.5

31.7

360

363

366

29.0

334

29*6

341

30.2

29.2

337 29.8

344

30.4

29.4

339

30-O

347 306

31.3 361 31.9 368

31.5

364

32.1 371

31.7

366

32.4 374

29.6 342 30-2 349 30.8

29.8

344

30.4

352

31.0

29.9

347 30.6

354 31.2

31.9 369 32.6 376

32.1

372

32.8 379

32.3 375

33.0 382

30-8

357

31.4

31.0

360

31.6

31.2

362

31.8

$2.6 377

33.2

32.8 380

33.4

33.0 383

33.6

-

384

387

390

-

--

G

28

i30

i33

35

i38

i41

-

-

R

-

9-s

9.7

9.9

g

G

G

286

288

290

293

295

297

328

331

333

335

338

340

343

345

348

g

I

25.2

25.3

25.5

25.7

25.9

26.1

28.5

28.7

28.8

29.0

29.2

29.4

29.6

29.8

29.9

25.6

25.8

26.0

26&

26.4

26.6

8*9

9*1

9.3

t9.5

z9.7

B9

L


13/20

Table 1 Density - Composition Table for &WOW Sdutims of Hy~chioh Acid - Cimtd

co

I

OC

5

c

1O C 15C

20C

25C

3O OC

35' c

40-c

I

D,

R

G

R

G

g

G

g

G

g

GgGgGgGgG

D,

1162

1163

1164

1165

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

1177

1178

1179

1180

1181

1182

1183

1184

1185

1186

1187

1188

1. 4 365 32.0 371 32-5 378 33.2 385 33.8 393 1162

31.6 368 32.2 374 32-a 381 33.4 388 34-o 396 1163

31- a ) 370 32.4 377 33. 0 384 33.6 391 34. 2 398 1164

32. 0 / 373 . 32.6 379 33.2 386 33.8 394 34.4 401 1165

32. 2

1

375 32.8 382 33.4 389 34. 0 396 34.6 404 1166

32.4 ( 378 33.0 385 33.6 392 34.2 399 34.8 407 1167

32- 6 j 381 33.2 388 33-a 394 34-4 402 35-l 410 1168

32- a 1 383 33.4 390 34-o 397 34-6 405 35.3 412 1169

33. 0 386 33.6 393 34.2 400 34-a 408 35.5 415 1170

33.2 389 33.8 396 34-4 403 35.0 410 35-7 418 1171

33.4 391 34.0 398 34.6 405 35-2 413 35.9 421 1172

33. 6

1

394 34.2 401 34-a 408 35.5 416 36.1 424 1173

33. 8 397 1174

34. 0

(

(

400

;4 6 ;I ;I ; 4l ; El ' 9 g E 42;

1175

34.2 402 34.8 409 35.4 ' 16 - . 38'1 424 36.8 432 1176

34.4 405 35.0

,

412 35.6 419 36.3 427 37.0 435 1177

34.6 408 35.2 415 35.8 422 36.5 430 37.2 438 l l rn

34. 8

1

410 35.4 417 36.0 425 36.7 433 37.4 441 1179

i i i I

1

413 35.6 / 420 36.2 428 36.9 436 37.6 444 1180

416 35.8 / 423 36.4 430 37-2 439 37.9 447 1181

35. 4 418 36.0 I 426 36.6 433 37-4 442 30-1 450 1182

35. 6

/

421 36.2 429 36.8 436 37.6 445 -1183~

35. 8 j 424 36.4 431 37.1 439 37-a 448 1184

36. 0

i 427 36. 6 434

37.3 442 38.0 450 1185

I

36.2 429 36.8 437 37.5 444 38.2 453 1186

36. 4

j

4%

37. 0

440 37.7 447 38.4 456 1197

36. 6 / 435 37. 3 443

37.9 450 38. 7 459

1

I

1188


14/20

35 c

I

4C

1189

1190

1191

1192

11g

1181

1196

1198

1197

1198

ll I9

1200

1201

1202

1203

1204

1206

I

D,

G

G

g

38.7

39-o

39.2

39.4

39.6

39.8

40-O

G

G

G

G

36.8

37-o

37.2

438

440

443

37.4

446

37.6

449

37.8

452

38-o

38-2

38.5

38-7

38.9

39-l

39.3

39.5

39-7

40.0

40-2

455

457

460

463

466

469

472

475

478

481

464

K

R

g

37.5

37.7

37.9

38-l

38.3

38.5

36.7

38-9

39.1

39.3

395

39.8

1189

1190

1191

1192

1193

1194

1196

1196

1197

1198

1199

1200

1201

1202

1203

1204

1205

445

448

451

454

457

460

462

465

468

471

474

477

463

456

459

462

465

468

470

473

476

480


15/20

IS 12845:1 m

ANNEX A

(

Clauses

3.4

and 3.7 )

CORRECTIONS OF READINGS TAKEN BY HYDROMETERS

A-l CORRECTIONS TO BE APPLIED FOR

GREATER ACCURACY

A-l.1 Where greater accurafy is necessary, the

following additional correctlons are applied for:

a) the scale error of the hydrometer,

b) the difference between the temperature of

the liquid and the standald temperature

of the hydrometer, and

c) the difference between the surface tension

of the liquid and that for which the

hydrometer is adjusted.

A-1.1.1 Corrections for Scale Errors

The maximum permissible scale errors allowed

on hydrometers appropriate for hydrochloric

acid are given in Table 2.

A-1.1.2 Temperature Corrections

When the hydrometer reading is taken at a

temperature t other than the standard tempera-

ture ts ( 27X, 20 or 15C ), the reading is

in error due to the difference in the volume of

the hydrometer between

ts

and 1.

A-1.1.2.1 Appropriate corrections for making

allowance for this temperature effect are given

in Table 3. Density hydrometers corrected in

accordance with Table 3 give the density Dt of

the liquid at

t.

A-1.1.3

Surface Tension Correction

These corrections are applied on a hydrometer

reading taken in an overflow vessel so as to

ensure that the surface of the liquid is truly

clean.

Table 2

Indian Standard Hydrometers for Use in Aqueous Solutions of Nitric Acid

(

Clauses

A-1.1.1

and

D-l.1 )

Sertnrd

Interval

Equivalent

Covered by

of One Sub-

Scale Length

Number of Pergti:$ble Overall

( Nominal

Bolb

Scale

Category

Indioidanl

Division

Le;;;h )

Division E&or

Length

Diameter

Hydrometers

Max w-- ,

Max

Min

r-_A_-y r---h-, e-7

Max

g/ml ) ( kg/m ) ( g/ml ) ( kglmr ) (mm) ( kg/m) (mm) mm)

L 20 o-020

20 owe 2

02

105

10

-+

0.2 335

36 40

L so o-050

50 04005

0.5 125

100

f 0.5 335

23 27

M 50 O-050

50 0401

1 70

50

-f I.0 270

20 24

Ml00 0.100

100 o-002

2 85

50

& 2.0 250

18 20

s 50 0050

50 0402

2 50

25

f 2.0 190

18 20

NOTE - The

letters L. M and S stand for Long, Medium. and Short

associated with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme

respectively and the numbers

hydrometer of the particular series concerned.

graduations of the scale of each

-,

SI No.

Table 3 Temperature Correctioas for Density Hydrometers

(Clauses A-1.1.2.1 and A-1.1.3.4 )

Standard Temperature 1, of Hydrometer

Hydrometer Reading at Temperature z

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

v)

vi)

vii)

viii)

ix)

x)

P- --

27C

-

17

22

27

32

31

42

-

-

__-____--A.------w--4--

20C

15C

-

Temperature ( PC ) of liquid

-

5

1

5

15

10

20 15

25

20

30 25

35 30

40

35

-

40

----.-__*-_._-_-~

1 000

1200

Correction ( 0.1 kg ms )

+5

+6

$4

$5

$3

+3

+I

+2

0

0

-1

-2

-3

-3

-4

-5

-5

-6

-_ 6

-8

NOTES

1 When the sign is positive, the correction is to be added to the hydrometer reading and when negative it is

lo be subtracted from it.

2 This table is based on the value 2.5 X IO- Per C for the coefficient of cllbical expansion of the

hydrometer.

1


16/20

A-1.1.3.1 When the highest accuracy is required,

hydrometer adjusted for the high surface

tension value 75 mN/m shall be used.

A-1.1.3.2 In cases where no special precautions

are taken for obtaining a clean acid surface, the

surface tension of aqueous solutions is usually

less than the surface tension value for clean

s urfaces. Also, since the value depends to a

large extent on the degree of contamination of

the surface, the effective surface tension is erra-

tic. Hence when using ordinary hydrometer

jars without overflow, it is not possible to assign

a reliable value to the surface tension of the acid

solutions without measuring it. Under these

conditions surface tension corrections are usually

ignored.

It may, however, be assumed that

under ordinary conditions of cleanliness, the

values lie between 40 mN/m and 70 mN/m.

It

is, therefore, appropriate .to use a hydrometer

adjusted for 55 mN/m. The error then intro-

duced by ignoring surface tension is unlikely to

exceed values given in Table 4.

A-1.1.3.3 It is of interest to examine the overall

effect of ignoring corrections under A-1.1, A-l.1 2

and A-1.1.3 when

using hydrometers adjusted

for the medium surface tension value. In

Table 5, the hydrometers are assumed to be

floating in hydrochloric acid solutions of density

tween 1000 and 1 150 kg/ma at a temperature

b48.

i ering by flOC from the standard tempera-

ture of the hydrometer.

A-1.1.3.4

Application of hydrometer correc-

tions:

Example:

Hydrometer used: Densitv hydrometer Z

50 range 1 100 to 1 150 kg/mi at 20C adjusted

for 75 mN/m, ascertained scale error

-t-O5 kg/m*.

Temperature of acid solution 27C

Uncorrected hydrometer read-

ing using overflow technique

1 1060 kg/ml

Corrections:

For scale error

For temnerature ( from

-05 kg/m8

Table-3 )

For surface tension

( from Table 6 )

Then density of acid

solution at 27C

From Table 1 a

-02 kg/m8

-01 kg/ma

------

1 105.2 kg/ma

solution

of densit

1 105 kg/m* at 27C contains 220 g d

hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solutior

and one litre of solution. contains 243 g oi

hydrochloric acid.

Had the corrections of scale error, tempera.

ture and surface tension been ignored the

values would have been 222 g and 246 g,

respectively.

Table 4 Maximttm Errors Introdaced by Ignoring Sorf8ce Tension when Reading Den&y

liydrometen, Adjosted for 55 mN/m, in Aqueous Solotions of Hydrochloric Acid

in 80 Ordiarry Hydrometer J 8r Maximum Error ( kg/m* )

( Clause A-1.1.3.2 )

Sl No.

Dcnrihr f theAcid Solution

DcnrltyHydrometers AdJ usted for 55 mN/m

-__.-_ -

,----___-----___--__,

ktdm*

L 20

L 50 M so

Ml00

S50

i)

looo-1200

*:2

* 0.4 fo.7

f 1.1 fV9

NOTE - The letters

L, b-2

nd S stand for *Long*,

Medium. and Short respectively and tho numbers

arrociated with

each of them indicate the difference between the two sxtroma graduations of the scale Of each

hydrometer of tbc particular series concerned.

?8bie 5 Mttximttm Error@Due to Omirsiott of 8ii Corrections to Density

Hydrometers Adjusted for 55 pN/m

( Clause A-1.1.3.3 )

Series and Range Category

L 20 L 50 M 50 Ml00 S50

Value of 1 sub-division

0.2

0.5 1.0 2.0

2.0

( kg/m* 1

kg/m*

a)

Maximum permissible scale correctioor

f 0.2

* 0.5

f 10

f 2.0

f 2-o

b) Ml;;T;rn temperature corrections for

f 0.3

f 0.3

f 0.3

f 03

f 0.3

c) Maximum estimated surface tenrion

correction

f 0.2

f 0.4 f 0.7 If 1.1

f 0.9

Maximum value of total correctlonl

f O-7

-+ 1.2 * 2.0

f 3.4 f 3.2

Error in grams in determined strength of OolutiOnOf density 1 100 kg/m* at 30C

(

213 g hydrochloric acid per

100 g Of aolutlon or 234 g hydrochloric acid per 1 Htre of solution ) corrcapondmg to total corrections above.

I

wcl in 100 g of lolutlon

f 092

f 0.2 I o-4 f 0.7

f 0.6

HC1 n 1

itrc

of olutlOn

f2

f3 *5

18

f8

N3Ta -

The lsttsrc L,

M

md S rtand for Long, Medium, and Short rerpeotlvely and the numberl

ga oc{gted with

rach

of them indicate tho difforettce between the two extreme tgrrduations of the ,cgle of

@rob ydrom@terf the particular eric8 coaceroed.

11


17/20

1812865:1#19

Tsbie

6

Surface

Teedon

Corrections for Indian Standard Density Hydrometers AdJarbd

for High Surface Tensioo Value When Used in Aqoeoos Solutions of Hydrochloric

Acid Having Trsly Clean

Sorface ( Correction in 01

kg/ma )

( Chwe A-1.1.3.4)

3 1 No. Daarily of Solath at

Indian Standard Hydrometers Adjusted for the High Sorface Teasion 75 mN/m

r---------- ~-h----__------,____

27C ( kg/m*

1

L2O

L so

M 50

M 100/S 50

0

loo0 0 0

0 0

ii)

1 100 -1 -1

-2 -5

iii)

1200 -1 -2

-4 -5

NOTES

1 The letters L, M and S staad,for Long.

Medium, and Short respectively and the numbers associated

with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme graduations of the scale of each bydro-

meter of the particular series concerned.

2 The sign being negative. the correction is IO be subtracted from the hydrometer reading.

ANNEX B

( Chse 3.5 )

USE OF DENSITY-COMPOSfTION TABLES

B-1 TO DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF

AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HYDRO-

CHLORIC

ACID

El.1

Suppose that the temperature of the solu-

tion is TSC and the density at that temperature

is 1 086 kg/ms.

Then in Table

1 UI

3er the tem-

perature 25C and opposite Dt =

1

OS? will be

found g - lg.1 and G = 196, indicatmg that

the solution contains 181 grams of hydrochloric

acid in 100 g of solution and 196 g of hydro-

chlyic acid in one litre of solution at 25C.

B-2 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTION CONTAIN-

ING 2043 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN

THE

100

GRAMS OF SOLUTION

B-2.1

In Table 1 under t - 20C the value of

t orresponding to g

= 208 g is 1 102 kg/m.

Water should therefore be mixed with a more

tincentrated solution of hydrochloric acid, in

-small portions with thorough mixing and avoid-

ance of an undue rise in temperature, the density

of the diluted acid solution being checked with

a hydrometer during the dilution until the

Hydrometer indicates that the density is appro-

aching 1 102 kg/m*.

At this stage and before

making the final adjustment, the temperature of

the solution is taken.

Suppose it is 25C, then

from Table I the value of Dt corresponding to

g

= 208 in the column headed 25C is

1 100 kg/ma.

The solution at 25C should,

therefore, be adjusted so that a hydrometer

indicates that its density is 1 100 kg/m*. The

solution thus obtained will contain 208 g of

hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution.

B-3 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTIOti CONTAIN-

ING 218 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN

1 LITRE OF SOLUTION AT 25C

B-3.1

From Table 1 under the heading 25C, we

find that a solution containing 218 g of hydro-

chloric acid per litre has 199 g of hydrochloric

acid per 100 g of solution.

Therefore the

required solution is made up as in B-2 using

g = 199.

DETERMINATION

ANNEX C

( Chuse 3.6 )

OF DENSITY Dt ) AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

C-l DETERMINATION OF Dt FROM THE

C-2 DETERMINATION

OF

Dt

FROM THE

VALUE OF g

VALUE OF G

C-l.1 Consider a solution containing 15 g of

hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution, that is,

C-2.1 The percentage composition g of a solu-

one for which g

= 15.

By looki 7g up the value

tion is independent of its temperature, but G,

the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1

of Dt corresponding to the value g = 15 under

any particular temperature in Table 1 the density

litre of solution, varies with the temperature of

of the solution at that temperature can be

the solution owing to the change in volume of

obtained. Thus, for example, the density of

the solution with change in temperature.

Hence,

the solution is I 076 kg/m8 at 10% and 1 072

the concentration G must always be associated

with a particular temperature.

kg/m* at 20C.

For a given

value of G applicable at a particular tempera-

12


18/20

IS 12845 : 1989

ture, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density

of the solution at the specified temperature or at

any other temperature within the range of the

table.

The value of G for the solution at tem-

peratures other than the specified one can also

be obtained. For example, consider a solution

containing 298 g of hydrochloric acid per litre

at 20C. Under 20C in Table 1 the value of

I& corresponding to G = 298 is 1 131 kg/ma and

the corresponding value of g is 264. By tracing

the value g = 264 through the Table 1, and

interpolating where necessary, the density

t

at

various temperatures of the solution containing

,298 g of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of solution

at 20C can be obtained and also the number

of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of the

solution at various temperatures. Examples of

the values which may thus

bs

obtained are given

in Table 7.

Table 7

Values of G of a Solution at

Different Temperatures

( Clause C-2 )

PC

Grams

(g)

of Density (Ot) of

Grams (G)

of

HCI

in 100 g

Solution

of

HCI in 1 Litre

of Solution

kg/m at PC

of Solutioa

at PC

264 1

142 302

10

26.4

300

z:

26.46.4 1

::t26 298

40

26.4 1

120 it

ANNEX D

( Clauses 3.7.and

A-1.1.1 )

CHOICE OF HYDROMETERS

D l

INDIAN

STANDARD HYDRO.VETERS

;:tXL;;E 1N CONJUNCTION WITH THE

D l.1 Indian Standard specifications for density

hydrometers IS 3104 ( Parts 1 and 2 )

:

1982

affords a wide choice of density hydrometers

suitable for use in aqueous solution of hydro-

chloric acid. They may have scales of density

at 27C, 20C and 15C. The choice of the

hydrometer series will depend on the accuracy

required and the amount of solution available.

Table

2

gives the essential features of the varjous

series of hydrometers suitable for aqueous

solutions.

13


19/20

Standard Mark

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Bureau of Indi an

Standards Act 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on

products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced

to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,

testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the pro-

ducer.

Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to

that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use

of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from

the Bureau of Indian Standards.


20/20

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the

Bureau of I ndi an St andar ds Act , 1986

to

promote

harmonious development of the activities of standardization,

marking and quality certification of

goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

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No part of these publications may be reproduced in

any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS.

This does not preclude the free use, in

the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details,

such as symbols and sizes, type or

grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publication ), BIS.

Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any,

are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in

possession of the latest amendments or edition.

Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent

to BIS giving the following reference

:

Dot : No. CDC 1 ( 9403 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue

Text Affected

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