hcs study project title: hcs identification in pt gemilang...
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Summary Report Submitted for HCS Approach Peer Review Process
HCS Study Project Title:
HCS Identification in
PT Gemilang Makmur Subur
Company/Organisation:
PT Gemilang Makmur Subur
Contact person:
Martin Mach
Date:
February 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Project description ......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Location and size of study area ................................................................. 4
1.2 Overview of proposed plantation development ....................................... 5
1.3 Description of surrounding landscape ...................................................... 6
1.4 Map of the site within the region ............................................................. 7
1.5 Relevant data sets available ...................................................................... 7
1.6 List of any reports/assessments used in the HCS assessment ................... 7
2. HCS assessment team and timeline ............................................................... 8
2.1 Names and qualifications ........................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Time period for major steps in the study ............................................................................... 8
3. Community engagement/ FPIC ...................................................................... 8
3.1 Summary of community engagement, FPIC, participatory mapping ...................................... 8
3.2 Summary of Social Impact Assessment (if any) ...................................................................... 9
4. High Conservation Value assessment ........................................................... 10
4.1 Summary and link to public summary report ....................................................................... 10
Figure 6. Map of HCV ....................................................................................... 11
5. Environmental Impact Assessment .............................................................. 11
5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11
6. Land cover image analysis ............................................................................ 13
6.3 Sample image ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.4 Method of stratification and software used ......................................................................... 16
6.5 Map of initial vegetation classes, with legend ...................................................................... 17
6.6 Table of total hectares per vegetation class ......................................................................... 18
6.7 Summary of which areas are potential HCS forest, subject to further analysis ................... 18
7. Forest inventory results ............................................................................... 18
7.1 Inventory sample design and plot rational ........................................................................... 18
7.2 Map indicating plots ............................................................................................................. 19
7.3 Forest inventory team members and roles .......................................................................... 20
7.4 Methodology used for forest sampling ................................................................................ 21
7.5 Methodology used for carbon calculations .......................................................................... 21
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7.6 Indicative photos of each vegetation class ........................................................................... 21
7.7 Statistical analysis (allometric used, confidence tests, justification) .................................... 24
7.8 Summary of statistical analysis of carbon stock results per vegetation class ...................... 24
7.9 Forest inventory results ........................................................................................................ 24
8. Land Cover Classification.............................................................................. 25
8.1 Refined land cover map with title, date, legend and any HCS forest patches identified ..... 25
9. Patch Analysis Result.................................................................................... 26
9.1 Results of Decision Tree ........................................................................................................ 26
Regarding community land use, the community has given their consent for the development plan
except the sacred area located on the hill. The community has also acknowledged the company’s
conservation area plan. .................................................................................................................... 28
9.2 Comments on Decision Tree outcome .................................................................................. 28
10. Indicative Land Use Plan ............................................................................ 29
10.1 Summary of results of final ground verification (if any) ....................................................... 29
10.2 Final HCS map ....................................................................................................................... 30
10.3 Overview of forest conservation management and monitoring activities to be included in
the Conservation and Development (land use) Plan ........................................................................ 30
10.4 List of activities still to be carried out before Conservation and Development Plan can be
finalised ............................................................................................................................................. 32
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1. Project description
1.1 Location and size of study area
The HCS study area is PT Gemilang Makmur Subur (PT GMS) agricultural licensed area for oil palm
plantation and its size is 5,190 ha1. Administratively, the company is located in Laman Satong village
of Matan Hilir Utara District of Ketapang Regency of Kalimantan Barat Province, Indonesia.
Astronomically, the study area is located in 01°24’40”- 01°30’35” South latitude and 110°12’53”-
110°19’0’’ East longitude (Figure 1). Geographically, the study area borders with:
- North : Nek Doyan village
- East : Protection Forest in Tarak Mountain
- South : PT Damai Agung Sentosa
- West : PT Kayung Agro Lestari
Figure 1. Location of PT GMS permitted boundary
1 SK Menhut No. 458/MENHUT-II/2012 Tanggal 15 Agustus 2012
Laman Satong Village
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1.2 Overview of proposed plantation development
The company’s licensed area was originally the location of PT Golden Youth Plantation (PT GY). PT
GY's operation was based on IUP (plantation business permit) and it opened its land in 2004 to 2007.
Due to problems with its operational management, PT GY in November 1, 2011 cooperated with PT
BGA and hand over its plantation to be managed. In October 2013, the Regent had cancelled PT GY’s
permit because its licensed area was a designated forest area.
On July 31, 2014, BGA Group officially ended their management contract with PT GY. Currently, the
status of PT GY operational area is a partnership plantation and is being managed by 4 cooperatives,
which are Rungau Sejahtera, Istana Pawan Mandiri, Mitra Penjalaan Permai, and Bukit Tunggal
Sejahtera.
In 2015, PT GMS acquired location permit on the area, whose status had become area for other
usages. Fresh Fruit Bunches received by PT GMS are supplied from one of BGA Group’s oil palm
plantations.
Land clearing was conducted from year 2004 to year 2007, during which the location permit and
agricultural business permit were still under the name of GY Plantation. PT GMS had developed a
nursery in year 2014. When the assessment was conducted, PT GMS had not opened any new land.
Currently, PT GMS is operating on land with location permit based on Surat Keputusan Bupati
Ketapang Nomor 272/PEM/2015 dated April 2, 2015.
Figure 2. Map showing proposed plantation development
Laman Satong Village
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1.3 Description of surrounding landscape
Concession area of PT GMS is located in Ketapang Regency. Based on land cover map, Ketapang
Regency is dominated by dry agricultural land mixed with bushes, plantations, and dryland secondary
forests. Land cover of PT GMS is a plantation and is surrounded by plantations (Figure 3). Meanwhile,
the nearest protected forest area from PT GMS concession area is 1.2 km in the east (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Map showing regional land cover of the Ketapang Region (Ministry of Forestry of the
Republic of Indonesia, 2014)
Figure 3 Map showing protected areas in the Ketapang Region (Ministry of Forestry of the
Republic of Indonesia, 2015)
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1.4 Map of the site within the region
Figure 5. Map showing PT GMS concession within the region
1.5 Relevant data sets available
Relevant data sets used in the assessment are:
• Carbon stock (Carbon Stock Assessment)
• Community consent (FPIC Verification)
• Satellite image acquisition on
• HCV area (HCV Assessment)
• Social impact information (Social Impact Assessment)
1.6 List of any reports/assessments used in the HCS assessment
• HCS Identification Report
• Carbon Stock Assessment Report
• HCV Assessment Report
• Social Impact Assessment Report
• FPIC Verification Report (discussed in HCS Report)
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2. HCS assessment team and timeline
2.1 Names and qualifications
High Carbon Stock Identification was conducted by three experts specializing in HCS Approach
Practice, Carbon Stock Estimation, FPIC, Social Studies, and HCV.
Table 1. Team conducting the HCS Assessment
Name Relevant Expertise
Bias Berlio Pradyatma
(Registered Assessor)
HCS Approach Practice, carbon stock estimation, forestry, biodiversity conservation, GIS, remote sensing, land use change analysis. (Team Leader)
Resit Sozer
(Registered Assessor)
HCV Assessment, Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation, HCS Approach Practice.
Risa D Syarif
(Registered Assessor)
Land Use Change Analysis, GIS, remote sensing, Carbon Stock Estimation, forestry, social, HCS Approach Practice.
Teuku Ade Fachlevi Social impact assessment, social HCV assessment, socio-economy survey, participatory mapping, FPIC
2.2 Time period for major steps in the study
Several relevant studies for HCS Identification.
Table 2. Relevant studies for HCS Identification
Assessment Timeline (Field Visit-Reporting) Assessor
High Conservation Value From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta
Social Impact Assessment From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta
Carbon Stock Assessment From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta
FPIC Verification From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta
HCS Identification From October 2015 to June 2016 Aksenta
3. Community engagement/ FPIC
3.1 Summary of community engagement, FPIC, participatory mapping
HCS assessment on the study area is for the purpose of protecting the presence of forests and their
functions to the environment. Additionally, this assessment also considers the community’s rights on
acquiring benefits from the study area. The benefits can either come from forest area or other types
of area. Allocating an area as HCS will limit land usage on the area, especially using it for oil palm
plantation. Communities around forest area tend to have no votes related to forest management and
no chance to acquire welfare from utilizing the forest (Dewi, Belcher, and Puntodewo 2005). Such
matters have placed an importance on community’s involvement in HCS assessment.
Villagers of Nek Doyan have rights on lands in the licensed area of PT GMS. Nek Doyan village is
administratively located in Laman Satong village. Land usage in the area has been conducted long
before PT GMS has officially acquired permit to operate in the area.
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The locals’ interaction with lands in the study area is considered high. They are using those lands for
their forest products and cultivating their basic needs. Dependency on forest had continued to the era
of large scale logging. The locals’ involvement with oil palm management has been developing since
2003 with the presence of provincial owned oil palm company. The provincial firm’s management on
the oil palm plantation is developing until now, even when it is under PT GMS’ management.
According to the locals, the presence of PT GMS has yielded many benefits for the locals. The company
prioritizes the locals to be hired as workers. The main livelihood of both Laman Satong and Nek Doyan
villagers is by working at an oil palm plantation company. To fulfil food necessity, the villagers are also
cultivating dryland rice, rubbers, fruits, and crops.
The process of achieving an agreement between the company and the locals must fulfil the principles
of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent, as it has been standardized by land acquiring SOP and FPIC
guidance for RSPO members. The indicator is used as a guidance to reach an agreement by
accommodating the locals’ expectation and without force and pressure. Proof of documentation of
FPIC please refer to HCS Identification report.
Regarding land tenure, the company has mapped the area in a participatory approach, include
potential regional development area and conservation areas (see Section 10.3 and Figure 20). Total
areas that have been compensated cover 3,158 ha, consist of 61 plot area which are represent several
group. The acquisition is based on letter of evidence (Surat Keterangan Tanah - SKT) or ownership
claim, which are in accordance with the FPIC process.
Based on FPIC result and participatory mapping, it is known that there are no lands in the study area
being disapproved for oil palm plantation development. The locals are expecting that the oil palm
plantation development can soon begin. This is related to new job opportunities and increase in
income from the community’s plantation partnership with the company.
3.2 Summary of Social Impact Assessment (if any)
Provided in NPP Summary Report
Social impact assessment (SIA) is conducted to identify social impacts from the presence and operation
of PT Gemilang Makmur Subur in Matan Hilir Utara District of Ketapang Regency of Kalimantan Barat
Province. The output from this assessment will be used as a material to draft social management and
monitoring. Social management and monitoring are inseparable part of the overall sustainable palm
oil production management conducted by the company.
The most important positive impact comes from the community’s plantation partnership between the
company and villagers of both Nek Doyan and Laman Satong. The program has positively impacted
the locals’ financial capital. There is a total of 341 people whose income will increase due to the
program. Those people are members of Rungau Sejahtara plantation cooperatives, village’s office,
village, youth organization, religious organization, and custom institution. The number is equivalent
to 98% of households’ population in Nek Doyan village. The most important negative impact comes
from the company’s license problem that has caused the plantation to be closed off by Police. There
are 488 workers whose financial capital has been negatively affected by the closing. The number of
workers is equivalent to 122% of households’ population in Nek Doyan village.
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Positive impact from new job opportunities and hirings will affect more or less 818 people, which are
about 30% of the population in Laman Satong village. New job opportunities and hirings will affect the
village’s overall financial capital and human capital. Those who managed to be hired will have their
financial capital increases by about 15% of Ketapang Regency’s revenue in one fiscal year. Hiring stage
will have both positive and negative impacts. New hirings will increase the number of newcomers
looking for work. As such, the increase of newcomers will not only positively affect human capital, but
also will negatively affect social capital. There will be higher risks of social conflict due to competition
to get jobs between the villagers and newcomers. The highest social risk that will be faced by the
company is the disapprovals from few villagers of Nek Doyan. They disapprove the community’s
plantation partnership program. Other identified social risks are the tradition of land clearing by
burning, low education level on average, change in customary officials, not properly managed
cooperatives, and unpaid contractors. Social issues related to the workers are the implementation of
work disciplines and employment status. Social risk being faced internally is the lopsided employment
status.
Several recommendations for social management are aiming to mitigate adverse effects as well as
advance benefits. The recommendations prescribed are include developing integrated social
management plan, implementing SOP of documentation and communication, complement key
stakeholder list, and establish smallholder partnership.
4. High Conservation Value assessment
4.1 Summary and link to public summary report
HCV assessment was conducted in October 2015. Based on the assessment, HCV areas in the study
area consist of hills, river and riparian area, and agroforestry. There are 5 types of HCV found in the
study area, i.e. HCV 1, HCV 3, HCV 4, HCV 5, and HCV 6, which covered 848.8 ha or about 16.3% of the
study area (Figure 6).
HCV 1 area in the study area is a habitat of several rare, endangered, and endemic species. HCV 3
areas are rare ecosystems such as peat swamp and fresh-water swamp forest. HCV 4 areas are
environmental service providers such as rivers, peat swamp forest, hills, and riverbanks. HCV 5 areas
are hills as a place to provide fruits, foothills as a place to cultivate, and natai has a place to provide
fruits. Lastly, HCV 6 areas in the study area are hills that serve as sacred place and have historical
values for the locals. Meanwhile, HCV 2 was not found since there are no core area nor buffer zone to
important large landscape-level.
Main threats to the HCV areas are mostly caused by external factor, e.g. land clearance for farming,
timber extraction, or poaching. Therefore, a collaborative management with local community and
relevant stakeholders is recommended in term of HCV management and monitoring.
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Figure 6. Map of HCV
Link Public Summary Report:
https://www.hcvnetwork.org/als/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/documents/summary_report
_hcv_pt_gms_als_15-09-2016_complete_02.pdf
5. Environmental Impact Assessment
5.1 Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has carried out year 2015 (until November 2015) with the
step of assessment since develop of KA-ANDAL till envirnmental permit issued include of public
announcement on Tribun newsletter – Pontianak dated on 5 August 2015.
EIA or AMDAL document consist of the refer of framework for analysis of environment impact (KA-
ANDAL - Kerangka Acuan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Hidup), analysis of environment impact (ANDAL
- Analisis Dampak Lingkungan) and management and monitoring of environment (RKL-RPL - Rencana
Pengelolaan dan Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup). Scope of EIA document is developt of
plantation and palm oil mill on total of areas ± 5,190 ha and mill capacity is 45 tonnes/ hour (location
permit no.272/PEM/TAHUN 2015).
The company have environment permit from Local Government of Ketapang District (Head of
Ketapang District decree no.743/KLH-B/2015 dated on 3 November 2015) with scope of study was
cover development of palm oil plantation of ± 5,190 ha and palm oil mill with production capacity of
45 ton FFB per hour. The company has been showed to auditor team regarding approval for KA-
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ANDAL, ANDAL and RKL/RPL from local government in form of Head of Ketapang decree no.716/KLH-
B/2015 dated on 28 October 2015 (regarding environment feasibility).
The document was cover all phase of development palm oil plantation and palm oil mill, starting from
pre-construction phase, construction phase, operational phase and pasca-operational phase. The
evaluation results of the significant impact are:
• Decrease of air quality and increase of noise in construction & operation phase (significant)
• Decrease of water surface quality in construction phase (significant)
• Land subsidence in construction phase (significant)
• Change of physiography in construction phase (significant)
• Change of drainage pattern in construction phase (significant)
• Potential of forest fire, land and plantation in construction phase (significant)
• Decrease of biodiversity (flora and fauna) in construction phase (significant)
• Increase of economic activity in construction & operational phase (significant)
• Income of community in construction & operational phase (significant)
• People’s behavior patterns in pre-construction, construction & operational phase (significant)
• Perception & attitude of community in pre-construction phase (not significant)
• Social conflict in construction phase (significant)
• Level of health community in construction phase (significant) and operational phase (not
significant)
AMDAL or EIA document were technical reviewed dated on 7 August 2015 for KA-ANDAL report and
11 September 2015 for ANDAL report which participated by some parties such as head of TKD in Matan
Hilir Utara Sub District, Plantation Agency at Ketapang District, Forest Agency at West Kalimantan
Province, Evinronment Agency at Ketapang District, Health Agency at West Kalimantan Province,
Transportation, Communication and Information Agency at West Kalimantan Province, Local
Government Secretariat at West Kalimantan Province, Plantation Agency at West Kalimantan
Province, Local Development Planning Agency at Ketapang District, University of Tanjungpura, Mining
company (PT Laman Mining), head of Laman Satong Sub District, community from Laman Satong
village, Public work at Ketapang District, Labor and Transmigration Agency at West Kalimantan
Province, Forest Areas Agency at West Kalimantan Province, Military. The result of technical review
has included/stated on KA-ANDAL and ANDAL report.
The record of stakeholder consultation with relevant parties was available on EIA report example
announcement on Tribun Pontianak newspaper date on 5 August 2015 and minute of exspose
regarding develop of oil palm plantation date on 5 June 2014, etc so that there are evidences that
develop of EIA report involving communities and other parties which give impact.
The RKL-RPL documents has developed according to the relevant regulations and content the
following :
RKL (Environment management plan):
• Environment impact which managed
• Impact source
• Indicator of success on environment management
• Activities on environment management
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• Location of environment management
• Institution of environment management
RPL (Environment monitoring plan):
• Identified significant environmental impact;
• Identified impact resources (activities);
• Parameters;
• Collecting data and impact analyst method;
• Location/areas;
• Timetable and/or frequency of monitoring;
• Institution of environment management (Person in charge to monitor environmental impact,
supervisor and receipt report).
6. Land cover image analysis
6.1 Area of Interest and how it was defined
Area of Interest (AOI) considered in the analysis is the concession area of PT GMS and 1 km buffer as
recommended by HCS Toolkit. One-kilometre buffer is considered to identify larger forest landscapes
so that the analysis also considers wider forest landscape corridors. Secondary forests, thickets,
shrubs, bushes, bare land, and oil palm are the land covers in the study area.
Oil palm plantation activities in the study area have started in year 2004. However, at the time, the
study area was managed by Golden Youth (GY) Plantation. Between 2004 and 2007, GY Plantation
planted oil palms. Due to incorrect permit, plantation permit for the study area was cancelled by the
Regent. Thus, in October 2013, GY Plantation stopped operating. Majority of the concession area is
dominated by oil palms. Operational oil palm areas and bare lands opened to be planted are central
to southern parts from the west end to the east end.
Land covers such as bushes are identified by seeing green with degraded brown color on the satellite
image. Shrubs on the satellite image have light brownish green colors, which sometimes toward pale
yellow colors. Those land covers are identified in the northern parts near forest areas.
Thicket and secondary forest areas are mostly found in the northern part of the plantation. Those land
covers are the most HCS potential land covers by examining their location, size, and shape. Majority
of thicket and secondary forest areas are part of northern and riparian areas that have been conserved
from the previous development.
6.2 Description of images used for classification
Classification is based on the latest satellite image available and verified by google earth satellite
images and above ground carbon stock estimation in Carbon Stock Assessment (CSA). Satellite images
used for classification are images from Landsat 8 satellite 121 row 61 acquired on September 27, 2016
and google earth.
Aside from using satellite image for land cover analysis, photos taken by drone with greater details on
land covers are also used. Photos taken by drone can be seen on Figure 9. Both google earth imagery
and UAV imagery were used to verify and (if needed) refine the boundary of the potential HCS area,
e.g. thicket or secondary forest area.
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6.3 Sample image
Figure 7. Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery of the AOI on September 27rd, 2016
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Figure 8. Google earth imagery of the AOI in 2016
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Figure 9. Drone Aerial Photo Preview
6.4 Method of stratification and software used
Manual classification of land covers is conducted by visually interpreting satellite image. HCS land
cover classifications are then verified with carbon stock distribution map resulted from Carbon Stock
Assessment.
Carbon stock distribution map is produced by modelling correlation between digital number from
satellite image and carbon stock value from sampling locations. Modeling is then used to produce
carbon stock distribution in the study area.
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6.5 Map of initial vegetation classes, with legend
Figure 10. Initial land cover classification
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6.6 Table of total hectares per vegetation class
Table 4. Hectares per vegetation class
Land cover class Number of Hectares % of total concession
Potential HCS classes:
High Density Forest - Medium Density Forest - Low Density Forest (Secondary Forest) 114.61 2.20
Young Regenerating Forest (Thicket) 687.49 13.18
Sub-total 802.09 15.38
Non-HCS classes, e.g.:
Shrubs 510.22 9.78
Bushes 453.15 8.69
Open Land 214.94 4.12
Oil Palm 3,236.13 62.04
Sub-total 4,414.44 84.62
TOTAL 5,216.53 100
6.7 Summary of which areas are potential HCS forest, subject to further analysis
The potential HCS forest area consists of LDF (Secondary Forest) and YRF (Thicket). The LCS/degraded
land which is potential for development consists of Bush-shrubs and Open Land.
Table 5. HCS land cover classification convergence and average carbon stock
HCS Class Land Cover Type Carbon Stock
LDF Secondary Forest 55.10 tonC/ha
YRF Thicket 27.23 tonC/ha
LCS/Degraded Land Bush-shrubs 1.05 tonC/ha
7. Forest inventory results
7.1 Inventory sample design and plot rational
From the planned thirty-two (32) sampling points (Figure 11), there are 27 points successfully taken
(Figure 12). There was a land fire during the assessment, thus several previously interpreted land
covers were incorrect. In order to get high accuracy, Stratified Random Sampling technique was used.
The number of observation plots in the field was adjusted with vegetation cover stratification results
as previously explained. Random sampling was not proportionally conducted in order to include small-
sized vegetation covers in the sample. This method can yield better estimation than other methods
(MacDicken, 1997). In carbon mapping, only 19 points were used when modelling the correlation
between the digital number and biomass carbon.
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Table 6. Number of plots per vegetation class
Land Cover Number of Sample Plots
Secondary Forest 9
Thicket 11
Shrubs 1
Bushes 6
Open Land -
Total 27
7.2 Map indicating plots
Figure 11. Original plan on sampling points for every land cover
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Figure 12. Sampling points successfully taken along with their carbon value
7.3 Forest inventory team members and roles
Ryan Karida Pratama; Is an expert in agroclimatology, soil and water
conservation, and GIS and Remote Sensing. He received his Bachelor
degree in Geophysic and Meteorology from IPB (Bogor Agricultural
University). He has experiences in land cover change assessments and
climatology application, especially in greenhouse gas emission. He
began his career in 2013 with carbon stock assessment in forest area
on peat and mineral soils and assessment regarding water and soil
managements. In this assessment, he is responsible for acquiring data
and samples for biomass and necromass carbons.
Role: Team Leader
Bias Berlio Pradyatma; Received his Bachelor degree in Forestry from
IPB. He is an expert in vegetation assessment and analysis. He is
experienced in surveying tropical forests in Papua and Kalimantan for
estimating and calculating tree biomass relevant for conservation
interests. Began his career in 2012 by calculating carbon stock from
trees in Papua with IPB. Is currently active in activities related with
plants taxonomy. In this assessment, he is responsible for ecology and
carbon stock calculations.
Role: Identifying plants and calculating forest biomass
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M. Ahda Agung Arifian; Received his Bachelor degree in Forestry from
IPB. He is an expert in vegetation assessment and analysis. He is
experienced in surveying tropical forests in Kalimantan and Sumatra for
estimating and calculating tree biomass relevant for conservation
interests. He is currently an active assistant in forestry laboratory at IPB
and active in activities related with plants taxonomy.
Role: Identifying plants and calculating forest biomass
Andrini Eka Diah Prakoso; She is an expert in GIS and Remote Sensing.
She received Bachelor degree in Geophysic and Meteorology from IPB.
She is experienced in land cover change assessments and identifying
physical land characteristics with Remote Sensing technology. She
began her career with assessments of land fire index in forest areas on
peat and mineral soils using satellite imagery. In this assessment, she
is responsible in managing spatial and remote sensing data.
Role: GIS specialist
7.4 Methodology used for forest sampling
In order to get high accuracy, Stratified Random Sampling technique was used. The number of
observation plots in the field was adjusted with vegetation cover stratification results as previously
explained. Random sampling was not proportionally conducted in order to include small-sized
vegetation covers in the sample. This method can yield better estimation than other methods
(MacDicken, 1997).
Measuring one or two variables in biomass is conducted in order to know its value. Estimating biomass
value in this assessment is by measuring diameter at breast high (DBH). Measuring diameter is
conducted on stakes, poles, and trees. Seedlings, however, are counted based collectives in 1 meter
by 1-meter measurement plots. The plot shape used in inventorizing trees is given below (see section
2.3 Study Method in full report).
7.5 Methodology used for carbon calculations
Vegetation carbon stock is measured with ratio of biomass to carbon stock from trees at 0.47 (IPCC,
2006). Biomass value is derived from the trees diameter by using allometric equation (see Section 7.7).
7.6 Indicative photos of each vegetation class
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Figure 13. Secondary forest
Figure 14. Thicket
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Figure 15. Shrubs
Figure 16. Bushes
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Figure 17. Open land and oil palm
7.7 Statistical analysis (allometric used, confidence tests, justification)
According to Brown (1997), trees biomass allometric is used in "Biomassa memperkirakan untuk hutan
tropis basah". Trees diameter data are converted into biomass value by using trees biomass allometric
equation. The biomass value is then converted to carbon value using 0.47 factor. Allometric used for
carbon estimation mainly refers to “Pedoman Penggunaan Model Alometrik untuk Pendugaan
Biomassa dan Stok Karbon Hutan Indonesia” based on Peraturan Kepala Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kehutanan No.P.01/VIII-P3KR/2012. Additionally, not all tree types have allometric
equation, thus similarity in ecosystem is used instead (see Annex 3. Analisis Vegetasi dan Perhitungan
Persamaan Alometrik in Carbon Stock Assessment Report).
7.8 Summary of statistical analysis of carbon stock results per vegetation class Table 7. Summary of statistical analysis per vegetation class
Land cover class Number of Plots
Stems per
hectare
Basal Area Average Carbon Stocks
Standard error of
the mean
Confidence limits (90%)
Lower Upper
Open Land - -
Bush-shrub 7 4800 67679.33 1.05 1.62 0.8 1.3
Young Regenerating Forest/Thicket 11 2511 236928.1805 27.23 0.73 18.53 35.93
Low Density Forest/Secondary Forest 9 2372 262747.48 55.10 0.05 40.5 69.7
7.9 Forest inventory results
Table 8. Land cover average carbon value and description
Land cover class Average carbon value
Physical description of the land cover, e.g. species mix, forest type (pioneer, regenerating, primary etc.), diameter
distribution, structural indices, maturity indices, etc.
Open Land 0
Least vegetated region, found as bare lands for planting, pedestrians, roads, and buildings.
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Scrub 1.96
Dominated by bushes, herbals, and/or stubbles. Mostly found in cleared and/or first time burned lands, then covered by pioneer vegetation as the beginning succession process.
Young Regenerating Forest
29.26
Dominated by trees with 20 to 35 cm DBH. Several thicket areas found are abandoned community’s cultivation lands, while others are lands with middle succession stage after being cleared and/or burned.
Low Density Forest 63.94
Is dominated with 20 to 35 cm trees and > 35 cm DBH.
8. Land Cover Classification
8.1 Refined land cover map with title, date, legend and any HCS forest patches identified
Figure 18. Refined land cover classification
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9. Patch Analysis Result
9.1 Results of Decision Tree
Table 9. Result of decision tree
Patch number
Total area (ha)
Of which core (ha)
Priority (Low-LP, Medium-MP, High-
HP)
Description of Decision Tree results
1 0.000138396 <10 LP Conserve
2 0.0841595 <10 LP Conserve
3 0.216661 <10 LP Conserve
4 0.326206 <10 LP Conserve
5 1.58558 <10 LP Conserve
6 2.23518 <10 LP Conserve
7 8.81745 <10 LP Conserve
8 18.1066 <10 LP Conserve
9 32.0455 <10 LP Conserve
10 31.7895 10-100 MP Conserve
11 0.000333799 >100 HP Conserve
12 0.0335519 >100 HP Conserve
13 0.0521424 >100 HP Conserve
14 0.0914376 >100 HP Conserve
15 0.213841 >100 HP Conserve
16 0.224267 >100 HP Conserve
17 0.260882 >100 HP Conserve
18 0.349875 >100 HP Proposed for Development
19 0.357133 >100 HP Conserve
20 0.369417 >100 HP Conserve
21 0.584562 >100 HP Conserve
22 0.73952 >100 HP Conserve
23 0.859639 >100 HP Conserve
24 0.873623 >100 HP Conserve
25 1.14181 >100 HP Conserve
26 1.23939 >100 HP Conserve
27 1.57645 >100 HP Conserve
28 2.09214 >100 HP Conserve
29 2.60165 >100 HP Conserve
30 2.764 >100 HP Conserve
31 3.2256 >100 HP Conserve
32 5.18646 >100 HP Conserve
33 5.62118 >100 HP Conserve
34 17.455 >100 HP Conserve
35 25.8849 >100 HP Conserve
36 27.6117 >100 HP Conserve
37 30.7799 >100 HP Conserve
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Patch number
Total area (ha)
Of which core (ha)
Priority (Low-LP, Medium-MP, High-
HP)
Description of Decision Tree results
38 32.2993 >100 HP Conserve
39 50.8871 >100 HP Conserve
40 224.174 >100 HP Conserve
41 267.337 >100 HP Conserve
42 0.00620749 - LCS Proposed for Development
43 0.00820233 - LCS Proposed for Development
44 0.0185959 - LCS Proposed for Development
45 0.0203668 - LCS Conserve
46 0.0211313 - LCS Conserve
47 0.0253771 - LCS Conserve
48 0.0511164 - LCS Conserve
49 0.0514954 - LCS Conserve
50 0.0808385 - LCS Conserve
51 0.101015 - LCS Conserve
52 0.124467 - LCS Conserve
53 0.130426 - LCS Conserve
54 0.133778 - LCS Conserve
55 0.21952 - LCS Conserve
56 0.226016 - LCS Conserve
57 0.239719 - LCS Conserve
58 0.350151 - LCS Conserve
59 0.377159 - LCS Conserve
60 0.403915 - LCS Conserve
61 0.422765 - LCS Conserve
62 0.586232 - LCS Conserve
63 0.697299 - LCS Conserve
64 0.708813 - LCS Conserve
65 0.712139 - LCS Conserve
66 0.739851 - LCS Conserve
67 0.865932 - LCS Conserve
68 1.08602 - LCS Conserve
69 1.15459 - LCS Conserve
70 1.17083 - LCS Conserve
71 1.55206 - LCS Conserve
72 1.79344 - LCS Conserve
73 2.93912 - LCS Conserve
74 3.05825 - LCS Conserve
75 3.3239 - LCS Conserve
76 3.60631 - LCS Conserve
77 3.8534 - LCS Conserve
78 4.36896 - LCS Conserve
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Patch number
Total area (ha)
Of which core (ha)
Priority (Low-LP, Medium-MP, High-
HP)
Description of Decision Tree results
79 5.28773 - LCS Conserve
80 6.47959 - LCS Conserve
81 7.44992 - LCS Conserve
82 8.78625 - LCS Conserve
83 10.3492 - LCS Conserve
84 16.126 - LCS Proposed for Development
85 17.9565 - LCS Proposed for Development
86 18.751 - LCS Conserve
87 22.7718 - LCS Conserve
88 34.5791 - LCS Conserve
89 34.9124 - LCS Conserve
90 36.4908 - LCS Conserve
91 40.9425 - LCS Proposed for Development
92 43.263 - LCS Conserve
93 54.6299 - LCS Proposed for Development
94 58.6073 - LCS Conserve
95 71.3657 - LCS Proposed for Development
96 72.6743 - LCS Proposed for Development
97 88.2834 - LCS Proposed for Development
98 150.713 - LCS Conserve
99 168.958 - LCS Conserve
100 205.377 - LCS Proposed for Development
101 206.369 - LCS Proposed for Development
102 235.202 - LCS Proposed for Development
103 520.93 - LCS Proposed for Development
104 1060.7 - LCS Proposed for Development
105 1181.25 - LCS Proposed for Development
In the table above, LCS is for non-forest covered areas, which have low carbon stock values.
Additionally, those areas cannot be classified into Low Priority, Medium Priority or High Priority as
those areas are not covered by forests.
Regarding community land use, the community has given their consent for the development plan
except the sacred area located on the hill. The community has also acknowledged the company’s
conservation area plan.
9.2 Comments on Decision Tree outcome
In the table, a detailed explanation regarding patch analysis has been given in full report. Pre-RBA and
RBA are approached using the result of HCV assessment due to being identical problems. Conservation
region is part of HCV. HCS areas are functioning as a provider of environmental service and as an
ecology. Majority of conservation regions or forest covered regions are located along rivers and water.
Those regions are identified as river floodplains, which serve as areas to sustain rivers’ overflow from
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flooding the plantation area. Those regions are also nearby to HCV regions that are conserved as
wildlife habitats. Therefore, conservation regions in overall will provide environmental services and
ecological function.
Key species identified within the study area include 10 mammals species, 2 reptiles, and 9 birds. Those
are: Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), Owa Ungko (Hylobates agilis), Lutung Merah (Presbytis rubicunda),
Lutung (Jirangan Presbytis frontata), Beruk (Macaca nemestrina), Kukang (Nycticebus menagensis),
Krabuku Ingkat (Tarsius bancanus), Beruang (Helarctos malayanus), Kucing Hutan (Prionailurus
bengalensis), Rusa (Cervus unicolor), Buaya Muara (Crocodylus porosus), Buaya Sinyulong (Tomistoma
schlegelii), Elang Brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus), Kuau Raja (Argusianus argus grayi), Serindit Melayu
(Loriculus galgulus), Betet Ekor-panjang (Psittacula longicauda), Kangkareng Hitam (Anthracoceros
malayanus), Rangkong Badak (Buceros rhinoceros), Enggang Klihingan (Anorrhinus galeritus), Kipasan
Belang (Rhipidura javanica) dan Burung Beo (Gracula religiosa).
10. Indicative Land Use Plan
10.1 Summary of results of final ground verification (if any)
Integration of all conservation areas in this stage is conducted on HCS areas, HCV areas, peat
ecosystems, and areas not recommended for oil palm plantation development (Figure 19). Result of
those conservation areas integration forms synchronized patch and is able to function as forest
corridor in PT GMS licensed area and its surroundings.
Final ground verification and delineation have not yet conducted. These activities, however, will be
conducted along with socialization to community and regional government. Those activities will
reiterate that land usage on conservation and development planned areas will abide the company’s
management plan, community’s FPIC, and regional government’s development plan. Those processes
will be guided by GPS to reiterate land usage plan, conservation areas, and to mark the borders of
conservation area.
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10.2 Final HCS map
Figure 19. Land use plan
10.3 Overview of forest conservation management and monitoring activities to be included in
the Conservation and Development (land use) Plan
Land acquisitions done by the company include potential regional development area and conservation
areas, which are in accordance with the FPIC process (Figure 20). The company has full authority to
manage the area. Management plan of conservation area and potential community’s involvement will
be discussed further after compensation process has been completed. The company is responsible for
conservation areas. Further discussion with the community and local government will be conducted
to identify collaboration potential on conservation area management. The plan will be focused on
ensuring that ecology and environment are functioning properly. Limiting natural resources utilization
in the conservation area is also probable.
Forest conservation management and monitoring include:
- Integration with HCV management, peatland management, and the required regular
environment management (RKL/RPL)
- Socialization and collaboration with relevant stakeholders (communities, neighbor company,
local government), especially in mitigating land fires and managing connectivity of the conservation
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areas
Figure 20. Land acquisitions map based on participatory mapping through FPIC process
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10.4 List of activities still to be carried out before Conservation and Development Plan can be finalised
Activity Time Frame
Q1Y1 Q2Y1 Q3Y1 Q4Y1 Q1Y2 Q2Y2 Q3Y2 Q4Y2 Q1Y3 Q2Y3 Q3Y3 Q4Y3
Improve management and protection of conservation areas to avoid land fires in the area.
To work with other company around the area & the communities.
Enriching conservation areas by planting trees to accelerate the formation of trees and forest corridor and to prevent easily burnt down stubbles from growing.
Enriching programs will follow the priorities based on land cover maps and program will up to 3 years
Preserve and manage conservation areas as a forest corridor for wildlife in the study area and its surroundings.
Based on Management Plan program
Determining the borders of conservation areas as a precautionary step to ensure plantation activities will not disturb the area.
Put the boundary markers. Beginning with the location which bordering to the area to be opened, then continue to next round
Conduct delineation for areas resulted from assessment to acquire their size accurately.
Aerial photography to build a land cover class map as a reference of land rehabilitation