Head, Neck, Ears, Eyes, Lymph, Nose, and Sinuses

Week 2 Allegra + Roberta

Terms for week 2Important should recognize

Head and Neck Hydrocephalus-obstruction of drainage of

cerebrospinal fluid (CCF) resulting in excessive accumulation, intracranial pressure, and enlarged head

Bell’s palsy-a lower motor neuron lesion, producing cranial nerve VII paralysis, which is almost always unilateral (one side)

Cachectic- suffering from malnutrition Cephalhematoma- A collection of blood due to an

effusion of blood beneath the periosteum frequently in a newborn as a result of birth trauma

Cont.

Lymphadenopathy-swelling of lymph nodes

Macrocephaly- abnormally large head

Mircocephaly- abnormally small head Acromegaly-excessive secretion of

growth hormone from the pituitary after puberty creates enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones.

Eye Glaucoma-increased intraocular

pressure = decrease in peripheral vision

Cataracts-An ocular opacity, partial or complete, of one or both eyes, on or in the lens or capsule, especially an opacity impairing vision or causing blindness.

Hyperopia- farsightedness, focus is behind the retina

Myopia- nearsightedness, focus is in front of the retina

Cont. Accommodation- Adjustment,

especially that of the eye for various distances resulting in pupil constriction or dilatation

Astigmatism- A visual disturbance caused by an error in the refraction of light within the eye

Blepharitis- inflammation of eyelids

entropion- lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissues contracting

canthus- angle of the eye corneal abrasion- using

florescent stain a yellow-green branching. The top layer of the corneal epithelium is removed from scratches or poorly fitting or over worn contacts.

conjunctivitis-infection of the conjunctiva “pink eye” common bacterial or viral infection due to allergy or chemical irritation

Cont. floaters- One or more spots

that appear to drift in front of the eye, caused by a shadow cast on the retina by vitreous debris or separation of the vitreous humour from the retina.

nystagmus- An involuntary rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball, which may be horizontal, vertical, rotatory or mixed

diplopia- perception of two picures from a single object, double vision.

exopthalmos- is a forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissures

periorbial edema- lids are swollen and puffy

photophobia- An abnormal visual intolerance of light

ptosis- drooping under the lid due to neuromuscular weakness

Cont. purulent- Consisting of or

containing pus ectropion- lower lid is loose and

rolling out, does not approximate to eyeball, results in excess tearing

strabismus- A deviation of the eye which the patient cannot overcome

Presbiopia- It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produce difficulty of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use of convex glasses

Nose Epistaxis- most

common site for nosebleeds

Rhinitis- clear watery discharge, accompanied by sneezing and swollen mucosa, and nasal obstruction.

Sinusitis-facial pain, after upper respiratory infection

Ear Auricle or pinna- movable

cartilage and skin Auditory meatus- also

known as auditory cannal it is the canal that secretes cerumen, a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear

Cerumen- The waxlike secretion found within the external meatus of the ear

Labyrinth- The internal ear

Mastoiditis- Inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells

Myringotomy- The removal of fluid (often infected) from the middle ear space by creating a incision in the eardrum

Cont. Otitis media- amber

yellow drum suggests serum in middle ear that transudates to relive negative pressure from the blocked eustacharian tube, “glue ear”

Presbycusis- Progressive bilateral loss of hearing that occurs in the aged

Tinnitus- A noise in the ears, as ringing, buzsing, roaring, clicking, etc

Tragus- The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear

Vertigo- An illusion of movement, or as if he himself were revolving in space

Lymphatic'sRegional

Major Lymphatic's Jugulodigastric- under the

angle of the mandible Superficial cervical-

overlying the sternomastoid muscle

Deep cervical- under sternomastoid muscle

Posterior cervical- posterior triangle along edge of trapezium muscle

Supraclavicular- above and behind the clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle

Cont. Preauricular- front of ear Posterior auricular-

superficial to the mastloid process behind ear

Occipital- at base of the skull

Submental- midline behind the tip of the mandible

Submandibular- halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible

Order of events: Submental- under chin Submandibular- between angle and tip of

mandible Jugulodigasric- under angle Preauricularis-front of ear Postauricularis- behind ear Occipital- base of skull Superficial cervical- sternomastloid muscle Posterior cervical- posterior triangle Deep cervicle- under sterno mastoid Supraclavicular- impression behind the clavicle.

Exposure to the Jarvison-line resources http://evolvels.elsevier.com/section/default.asp?id=1313%5Fglobal%5F0001