healing herbs of himalaya

Selected

HEAliNG HERBS OF HIMAlAYA

A pictorial o Herbaria Guide

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy

Anusandhan Bhavan, 61 - 65 Institutional Area,

Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058

2008

Publisher :

Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65 Institutional Area, Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi- 110058. Email: [email protected]

Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi 2008

ISBN 978-81-7525-992-8

Photography, Coverpage s & Book designed by :

Dr.G.V.R.Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Printer : Pearl Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. 5/33 Kirti Nagar Industrial Area, New Delhi - 110 015.

ii

Patron:

Smt. Anita Das, Secretary Department of A YUSH

....

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. S. K. Chadha, Director Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Chief Editor :

Dr. G. S. Lavekar, Director CCRAS, New Delhi.

Co- Editor:

Dr. M. M. Padhi, Dy. Director (Tech), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Work carried out by :

Dr. G. V. R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Assisted By :

Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya, R. A. (Botany) CCRAS, New Delhi.

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5

Participating Institutes Name of the Institute

Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), SOWA RIGPA Research Centre,

Location Tarikhet, Uttarakhand ltanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Guwahati, Assam Gangtok, Sikkim Leh - Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir

Contributers

Sl. No. Name of the Officers Disignation Institute 1 Dr. P.C. Sharma Ex.A.D.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Pune 2 Sh. Kailash Chandra Ex.A.D (Bot.) RRI(Ay), Pune 3 Dr. O.P. Mishra Ex.A. D(Bot.) NMPB, Delhi. 4 Dr. M.A. Uniyal Ex. R.O (Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 5 Sh. R.N. Tewari Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 6 Dr. R.K. Issar Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi 7 Sh. R.S. Dixit Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi 8 Dr. V.P. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 9 Dr. V.K. Singh Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi 10 Sh. K.C. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 11 Dr. L. N. Sharma Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRC(Ay.), Jammu 12 Late. Dr. R. Majumdar Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Guwahati 13 Late. H.C. Pandey Ex.R.O.(Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Lucknow 14 Dr. M.C. Joshi Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi 15 Sh. S.C. Pant Ex.R.O.(P) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi 16 Sh. Jugal Kishore Gurani Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI, (Ay.), Tarikhet 17 Sh. R.K. Tamta Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 18 Dr.Rajiv Kumar Sharma S.S.O. (Bot) PLIM, Gazhiabad 19 Dr. P.C. Joshi Ex. R.O (Ch.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 20 Dr. Ramashankar R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), ltanagar 21 Dr. P.B. Singh R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.) , Jhansi 22 Dr. G.C. Joshi R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet 23 Sh. N. K. Pandey, R.O (Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Gwalior 24 Dr. A. K. Panda R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Gangtok 25 Dr. Om Raj Sharma R.O (Ay.) RRI, (Ay.), Mandi 26 Dr. Padma Gurmeet R.O. (Amchi) Sowa Rigpa Res. Center, Leh 27 Dr. Rajesh Ku. Mudaiya A.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi 28 Dr. M.S. Rawat A.R.O (Bot.) HRDI, Gopeshwar 29 Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya A.A. (Bot) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi 30 Km. Deepshikha Arya A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

~Gm ANITADAS

Foreword

SECRETARY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTJIY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT. OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)

RED CROSS BUILDING. NEW DELHI-110001 Tel.: 011-23715564, Telefax : 011-23327660

E-mail: oecy ... yushOnlc.ln MalllngNo. 110108

The Indian Himalayan Region is one of the major repositories of biodiversity. It supports about 18,440 plant species. The rich diversity of Indian Himalayan Region has been in use since Vedic period (Rig-Veda 4500-1600 BC). The Charak (1000-800 BC) and Susruta (800-700 BC) described Himalaya as a major habitat of medicinal plants. The Indian Himalayan Region has an area of 5, 31 ,250 sq. Km spread over 12 states and constitutes about 16.16% of India's total geographical area. It has about 1,748 species of medicinal plants distributed in Indian Himalayan Region.

The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS) has carried out commendable work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research through its peripheral Institutes located at Himalayan Regions. The present treatise on "Healing Herbs of Himalaya" offers itself as a pictorial and herbaria guide on 50 important medicinal plants available at Indian Himalayan Region. The book provides an overview of various facts of the herbal wealth of Indian Himalayan Region. Further the book is an assimilation of information contained in numerous published as well as unpublished data; herbarium; Crude drugs and field photos. I am confident that the work carried out by Dr. G.VR. Joseph, R.O. (Botany) and his team under overall supervision of Dr. M.M. Padhi, D.O. (Tech.) and Dr. G.S. Lavekar, Director would be of immense use for Researchers, Academicians and Pharma-lndustry. My congratu-lations to Shri Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Shri Sanjiv Chadha, Director, Department of AYUSH, Government of India on this excellent documentation.

23rd July 2008. New Delhi.

vii

(Anita Das)

Gram: "AYUSH"

~\ift. ~- (11~Cf)'( f.!tmt; DR. G.S. LA VEKAR DIRECTOR

c6~~ atlgCfG ~ Rtce atj't:i~ -qRq~ ~Fcnwl

('ftll'f?l ~. ~~~ cn

Abbreviations Medicine Systems Ay. = Ayurveda

Sd. = Siddha

Hp. = Homeopathy

Sr. = Sowa rigpa

Pharmacopoeias API =

SPI =

HPI =

UPI =

Threats 1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

6 =

7 =

8 =

9 =

10 =

11 =

Syn. =

IUCN =

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India.

Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India.

Unani Pharmacopoeia of India.

Harvest for Medicine

Loss of Habitat

Human interference

Over exploitation

Trade

Harvest for wood

Edaphic factor

Harvest for food

Trade for parts

Sampling

Not Known

Synonym (s) International Union for Conservation of Nature

Sl. No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Foreword

Preface

Abbreviations

Contents

Botanical Names

Abies webbiana Lindl.

CONTENTS

syn. A. spectab/1/s (D. Don.) Spach

Aconitum atrox Linn.

syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Serlnge

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Acarus calamus Linn.

Angelica glauca Edgew.

Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John. Syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.

Berberis aristata DC.

Syn. 8 . sikkimens/s Sch.

Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b. Syn. 8 . ligulata Engl.

Betula uti/is D.Don.

syn. 8. bhojpattra Wall.

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Syn. C. llbanl Barrel. var. deodara Hook. f.

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees) Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Sanskrit Nam

Tall sa

Vatsanabha

Ativisha

Vacha

Choraka

Gojivha

Daruharidra

Pashanabheda

VII

IX

X

XI-XIII

Page

1-4

5-6

7-8

9-12

13-16

17-18

19-22

23-26

Bhurja/Bhujapattra 27-28

Priyangu 29-30

Devadaru 31-32

Jyotishmati 33-36

Tvakapatra 37-38

Gandira 39-40

15. Crocus sativus L. Keshara 41-42

16. Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Munjataka 43-44 Syn. Orchis /at/foils auct. non L.

17. Delphinium denudatum Wall. Nirvisha 45-46

18. Digitalis purpurea Linn. Til push pi 47-48

19. Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Varahi 49-50

Syn. D. crlspsts Roxb., D. daemons Roxb.

20. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Rudraksha 51-52 21. Embelia ribes Burm. Vidanga 53-56

22. Ephedra gerard/ana Wall. Soma 57-60

23. Gent/ana kurroo Royle Trayamana 61-62

24. Gloriosa superba Linn. Langali 63-66

25. Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Shati 67-68

26. Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Neichak 69-70

27. Hyoscyamus niger Linn. Parasika Yavani 71-72

28. lnula racemosa Hook.f. Pushkara 73-74

29. Microstylis wallichii Lin die Jivaka 75-76

syn. Ms/sxis scum/nata D.Don.

30. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Katphala 77-78

Syn. M. fsrquharlans Wall., M. saplda Wall.,

M. nag/ Hook. f. In part non Thunb.

31. Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Jatamansi 79-82 Syn. Nardostschys grand/flora DC.

32. Oroxy/um indicum Vent. Shyonaka 83-86

33. Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Katuka 87-90

Syn. P. scrophularlaef/ora Pennell

34. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Sara Ia 91-92 35. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Vanatrapushi 93-94

xii

Syn. P. emodi Will ex Royle

36. Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle Mahameda 95-96

37. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Ait. Meda 97-98 38. Portulaca oleracea Linn. Ghotika 99-100

39. Prunus cerasoides D.Don. Padmaka 101-102

40. Rheum australe D.Don. Amlavetasa 103-106

Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maisen.

41. Rhu