health and safety executive cap‚ra& zp‚r kam‚ krvu& · cap‚ra& zp‚r kam‚...

Health and SafetyExecutive

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&& zzpp‚‚rr kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&&

CAp‚rA& zp‚r kAm‚ krvu&

2

CAp‚rA& zp‚r kAm‚ krvu&ÂeK‚m‚kArI hAeq X‚ke Ce. CAp‚rA&zp‚rW‚I n‚Ic‚e p‚dI jvu& oeb‚A&F‚kAm‚m‚A& b‚IÂ& kAeq p‚M‚kArM‚W‚I W‚w‚A& m‚Aew‚Ae on‚eQÂoAe krw‚A& v‚F‚Are hAev‚Anu&kArM‚ Ce on‚e CAp‚rA&nu& kAm‚krn‚ArAoAe, je l‚AekAe ¥c‚AqW‚Ip‚dIn‚e m‚rI Ây‚ Ce, w‚en‚A 24%n‚Ae ihèss‚Ae F‚rAv‚e Ce - on‚e w‚ep›kArn‚A kAm‚g‚ArAen‚I s‚AEW‚I m‚AetIî‚eM‚Im‚A& Ce.

kAeq p‚M‚ CAp‚rA zp‚rW‚I p‚dI jv‚An‚I G‚tn‚A oin‚èv‚Ay‚ƒw‚AW‚IoAeCAm‚A& oAeCI oek g‚&B‚Ir QÂn‚e s‚Am‚el‚ kre Ce. kAm‚ g‚m‚eoetlu& l‚A&bu& hAey‚ ke t¨k§& hAey‚ w‚Ae p‚M‚ ÂeK‚m‚Ae s‚ArA& oev‚A&Ce. G‚M‚A l‚AekAe m‚rI g‚y‚A Ce ke je m‚AÛ‚ W‚AedI im‚èin‚ètAe m‚Atej ‘oek jlfIW‚I n‚jr krv‚A’ m‚Ate j, oW‚v‚A w‚Ae kAeqn‚Anu& s‚m‚ArkAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate, CAp‚rA zp‚r g‚y‚A hAey‚.

oA p‚iÛ‚èkA oe l‚AekAe m‚Ate Ce ke je K‚reK‚r CAp‚rA&nu& kAm‚krw‚A hAey‚, oW‚v‚A w‚Ae w‚en‚A& s‚&c‚Al‚n‚ oW‚v‚A feK‚reK‚ m‚Ates‚IF‚A jv‚Ab‚fAr hAey‚. w‚e muKy‚ s‚&rx‚M‚Aenu& in‚èf…X‚n‚ kre Ce,p‚M‚ v‚Fu iv‚èg‚w‚v‚Ar m‚Aihèw‚I helW‚ oend s‚eqPitè qn‚ êPv‚kƒHSG33 p‚iÛ‚èkAm‚A& oAp‚el‚I Ce.

p‚dI jv‚An‚A b‚n‚Av‚ b‚n‚e Ce:

� CAp‚rAn‚I kAerW‚I;� CAp‚rA&n‚I o&fr w‚dm‚A&W‚I oW‚v‚A kA&M‚A&m‚A&W‚I; on‚e � CAp‚rA&n‚I b‚rd s‚Am‚g›IoAem‚A&W‚I on‚e CAp‚rAn‚I zÂs‚

m‚Aten‚I b‚ArIoAem‚A&W‚I.

w‚e zp‚rAw‚, CAp‚rA& zp‚rW‚I p‚dw‚I v‚swuoAeW‚I oW‚v‚A CAp‚rA&zp‚rW‚I PekAy‚el‚I v‚swuoAeW‚I G‚M‚A l‚AekAen‚e g‚&B‚Ir qÂoAe W‚q Ce.

m‚AÛ‚ CAp‚rA& b‚A&F‚n‚ArAoAen‚e j oksm‚Aw‚ n‚W‚I W‚w‚A, p‚M‚ jel‚AekAe w‚em‚n‚I feK‚reK‚, s‚APsUPI, B‚A&g‚kAm‚ on‚e in‚èrIx‚M‚krw‚A hAey‚, w‚em‚n‚e p‚M‚ W‚Ay‚ Ce.

CAp‚rA&nu& kAeq p‚M‚ kAm‚ b‚h§ ÂeK‚m‚v‚Aú& Ce kArM‚ ke w‚em‚A&¥c‚Aq zp‚r kAm‚ krv‚Anu& hAey‚ Ce. ¹Am‚ g‚m‚e w‚etlu& l‚A&b‚A ket¨kA g‚ALAnu& hAey‚ w‚Ae p‚M‚ s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚A ¥c‚A F‚AerM‚Ae jêrICe. je s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe l‚ev‚An‚I jêr hAey‚ w‚e kAm‚n‚A p›kArp›m‚AM‚e b‚fl‚I X‚ke Ce.

oA p‚iÛ‚èkA s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe sUc‚v‚e Ce ke je b‚F‚A& CAp‚rA&n‚A&kAm‚Ae m‚Ate l‚Agu p‚de Ce on‚e p‚CI ÃfA& p›kArn‚A&CAp‚rA&oAen‚e K‚As‚ l‚Agu p‚dw‚I s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAenu& v‚M‚ƒn‚ oAp‚e Ce.


3

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚AA&& kkAAmm‚‚nnuu&& ooAAyy‚‚AAeejjnn‚‚

FF‚‚ vv‚‚kkƒƒ ooeett hhAAqqtt rreeggyyuull‚‚eeXX‚‚nnss‚‚ 2005 kAy‚fAe sw‚rIkrM‚ sW‚Ap‚eCe ke jenu& kAeq p‚M‚ ¥c‚Aqnu& kAm‚ krv‚An‚A oAy‚Aejn‚ s‚m‚y‚eonus‚rM‚ krvu& Âeqoe. oe sw‚rIkrM‚nu& p‚àiw‚èpUv‚ƒkonus‚rM‚ krvu& Âeqoe on‚e Áy‚Are kAeq oek sw‚rnu& p‚Al‚n‚v‚hev‚Aép‚M‚AW‚I n‚ W‚q X‚ke, wy‚Are j b‚IÂ sw‚rn‚I iv‚èc‚ArM‚Akrv‚I Âeqoe.

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 1 Z&c‚Aqn‚A kAm‚nu& sw‚rIkrM‚

je l‚AekAe ¥c‚Aq zp‚rn‚A& kAm‚nu& oAy‚Aejn‚ krw‚A hAey‚ w‚em‚M‚eoA krvu& j Âeqoe:

� ÁÁyy‚‚AA&& bb‚‚nn‚‚II XX‚‚kkee wwyy‚‚AA&& ¥¥cc‚‚AAqqnnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚ ttAALLvvuu&&,, fA.w‚.: - s‚&B‚ALpUv‚ƒk iv‚èc‚ArAe ke m‚AÛ‚ feK‚Av‚ m‚Ate CAp‚rAn‚e

s‚AP krvu& oe K‚reK‚r jêrI Ce ke n‚hI´; - in‚èrIx‚M‚ krv‚A m‚Ate oek m‚Aeb‚Aql‚ oeil‚èv‚eit&èg‚

pl‚etPAem‚ƒ (oem‚qdb‚lyup‚I), b‚AÃn‚A kAeq m‚kAn‚zp‚r kAeq s‚l‚Am‚w‚ sW‚Le l‚g‚Adel‚A kem‚erAv‚ALAteil‚èskAeip‚èk p‚Ael‚ oW‚v‚A f¨rb‚In‚Ae v‚Ap‚rAe.;

� ÁÁyy‚‚AArree ¥¥cc‚‚AAqq zzpp‚‚rr kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&& ooiinn‚‚èèvv‚‚AAyy‚‚ƒƒ hhAAeeyy‚‚ wwyy‚‚AArree pp‚‚ddIIjjvv‚‚AAnnuu&& oottkkAAvv‚‚vv‚‚AA mm‚‚AAttee kkAAmm‚‚nn‚‚AA&& ss‚‚AAFF‚‚nn‚‚AAee ooWW‚‚vv‚‚AA bb‚‚IIÂÂ&&kkAAeeqq pp‚‚gg‚‚ll‚‚AA&& vv‚‚AApp‚‚rrAAee,, fA.w‚.:- owy‚Arn‚I p‚ALIn‚I B‚I´w‚ (oAeCAm‚A& oAeCI 950

m‚Im‚In‚I ¥c‚Aq) v‚Ap‚rIn‚e;- kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ b‚A&F‚In‚e;- kAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate oem‚qdb‚lyup‚I v‚Ap‚rIn‚e; oW‚v‚A - kAm‚-o&k§X‚n‚I p‚àiw‚è v‚Ap‚rIn‚e;

� ÁÁyy‚‚AA&& nn‚‚IIcc‚‚ee pp‚‚ddII jjvv‚‚AAnnuu&& ÂÂeeKK‚‚mm‚‚ nn‚‚AAbbUUff nn‚‚ WW‚‚qq XX‚‚kkee wwyy‚‚AA&&,,kkAAmm‚‚nn‚‚AA&& ss‚‚AAFF‚‚nn‚‚AAee ooWW‚‚vv‚‚AA bb‚‚IIÂÂ&& pp‚‚gg‚‚ll‚‚AA&& vv‚‚AApp‚‚rrAAee kkee jjeeWW‚‚IIpp‚‚ww‚‚nn‚‚nnuu&& oo&&ww‚‚rr oonn‚‚ee ww‚‚eenn‚‚AA&& pp‚‚iirrèèMM‚‚AAmm‚‚AAee bb‚‚nn‚‚II XX‚‚kkee ooeettll‚‚AA&&ooAAeeCCAA&& kkrrII XX‚‚kkAAyy‚‚,, fA.w‚.:- ÂLIoAe, hv‚A oW‚v‚A b‚In‚ b‚egJ v‚Ap‚rIn‚e oW‚v‚A

w‚Ae p‚w‚n‚n‚e otkAv‚w‚I s‚Aj(hArn‚eis‚ès‚)n‚I p‚àiw‚èv‚Ap‚rIn‚e.

je kAm‚nu& in‚èy‚&Û‚M‚ krw‚A hAey‚ w‚em‚M‚e oA p‚M‚ krvu& j Âeqoe:

� m‚AÛ‚ vvyy‚‚ii¹¹ww‚‚èègg‚‚ww‚‚ ss‚‚&&rrxx‚‚MM‚‚nn‚‚AA&& pp‚‚gg‚‚ll‚‚AA&& ffAA..ww‚‚.. hhAArrnn‚‚eeiiss‚‚èèss‚‚nn‚‚AAeeiv‚èc‚Ar krw‚A& p‚hel‚A&, je l‚AekAe ÂeK‚m‚m‚A& hAey‚ w‚em‚n‚A&s‚&rx‚M‚n‚A& p‚g‚l‚A&n‚Ae h&m‚eX‚A& iv‚èc‚Ar krv‚Ae, oetl‚e kess‚‚AAmmuuiihhèèkk ss‚‚&&rrxx‚‚MM‚‚nn‚‚II pp‚‚ààiiww‚‚èèooAAee fA.w‚. skePAeldaJ, n‚etas‚,s‚AePat l‚eind&èg‚ is‚èistèms‚.

� s‚kæIy‚ p‚àiw‚èoAe jev‚I ke hAn‚…is‚ès‚ (Áy‚A& kAm‚g‚Arn‚e ÂedAvu&p‚de), w‚e v‚Ap‚rw‚A& p‚hel‚A& iinn‚‚èèSSkkææIIyy‚ p‚àiw‚èoAe, jev‚I keÂLIoAe (Áy‚A& vy‚i¹w‚èn‚e w‚e p‚àiw‚èn‚e c‚Alu krv‚A kA&q p‚M‚ n‚krvu& p‚de), w‚en‚Ae h&m‚eX‚A& iv‚èc‚Ar krv‚Ae Âeqoe; on‚e

� oe in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke kAm‚ oev‚I oAb‚Aehv‚Am‚A& j krv‚Am‚A&oAv‚e ke Áy‚A& kAm‚g‚ArAen‚A& sv‚AsWy‚ on‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚eÂeK‚m‚ n‚ p‚hAe´c‚e.

¥¥cc‚‚AAqqkkAAmm‚‚nn‚‚AA

ooAAyy‚‚AAeejjkkAAeeooee

ooAA kkrrvvuu&& jj

ÂÂeeqqooee::

b‚n‚I X‚ke wy‚A& ¥c‚Aqnu&

kAm‚ tALvu&.

Áy‚A& ¥c‚Aqnu& kAm‚ n‚ tALI

X‚kAy‚, on‚e p‚dI jv‚Anu&

ÂeK‚m‚ n‚AbUf n‚ krI X‚kAy‚,

wy‚A& kAm‚n‚A& s‚AF‚n‚Ae oW‚v‚A b‚IÂ&

p‚g‚l‚A& v‚Ap‚rAe jeW‚I p‚dv‚An‚A& o&w‚rAe

G‚te, on‚e Âe p‚w‚n‚ W‚Ay‚ j, w‚Ae

w‚enu& p‚irèM‚Am‚ G‚te.


4

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚AA&& bb‚‚FF‚‚AA&& kkAAmm‚‚AAee mm‚‚AAtteenn‚‚II ss‚‚AAvv‚‚cc‚‚eeww‚‚IIooAAee

ÂÂeeKK‚‚mm‚‚nn‚‚II ooAAkkAArrMM‚‚II oonn‚‚ee kkAAyy‚‚ƒƒ pp‚‚ààiiww‚‚èènn‚‚AA&& iinn‚‚èèvv‚‚eeffnn‚‚AAee

w‚m‚Are CAp‚rA&n‚A& b‚F‚A& kAm‚Aen‚A& ÂeK‚m‚Aen‚I oAkArM‚I krv‚IÂeqoe. s‚AfA& kAm‚Aem‚A& kfAc‚ w‚e b‚h§ n‚ hAey‚. v‚FugU&c‚v‚M‚v‚ALA& kAm‚Aen‚I G‚M‚I v‚F‚Are ¥dAM‚W‚I oAkArM‚In‚I jêrCe. p‚M‚ CAp‚rA&n‚A& b‚F‚A& kAm‚Ae ÂeK‚m‚I Ce on‚e oe oAv‚Xy‚kCe ke kAm‚ X‚ê W‚Ay‚ w‚e p‚hel‚A& w‚m‚e ÂeK‚m‚Aen‚e oAeLK‚Ae on‚eÂeqw‚A& s‚AF‚n‚Ae, y‚Aegy‚ s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe on‚e kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚èoAe pUrA&p‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e on‚e w‚em‚n‚Ae om‚l‚ W‚Ay‚.

s‚AEW‚I s‚AfA& kAm‚Ae, ke Áy‚A& jêrI s‚Av‚c‚ew‚In‚A& p‚g‚l‚A& s‚IF‚A&on‚e s‚AfA& hAey‚ on‚e s‚rLw‚AW‚I PrIW‚I W‚q X‚ke (fA.w‚. oekirèdaj tAql‚n‚e b‚fl‚v‚I hAey‚), w‚e is‚èv‚Ay‚ w‚m‚Are s‚l‚Am‚w‚p‚àiw‚èoAen‚A& in‚èv‚efn‚Ae v‚Ap‚rv‚A& Âeqoe. w‚e iv‚èiX‚èñ on‚e hAW‚F‚rel‚A kAm‚ m‚Ate p›swuw‚ hAev‚A& Âeqoe on‚e ÂeK‚m‚n‚IoAkArM‚I frim‚èy‚An‚ X‚AeF‚el‚I s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe on‚e kAy‚ƒp‚àiw‚èoAenu& w‚em‚A& sp‚ñ v‚M‚ƒn‚ hAevu& Âeqoe. oAk©iw‚èoAe on‚eic‚èÛ‚Ae G‚M‚I v‚Ar l‚K‚AM‚ krw‚A& v‚Fu m‚Aihèw‚I oAp‚e Ce. kAm‚m‚A&s‚Am‚el‚ frek vy‚i¹w‚èn‚e oe ÂM‚v‚An‚I jêr Ce ke kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚ènu&in‚èv‚efn‚ Xu& khe Ce on‚e w‚em‚n‚e Xu& krv‚Anu& Ce. v‚Fu gU&c‚v‚M‚B‚y‚A„ kAm‚Aem‚A& kAeqn‚e kfAc‚ oe s‚m‚Âv‚v‚An‚I jêr p‚de kein‚èv‚efn‚ kXu& khe Ce. kAm‚ frim‚èy‚An‚ s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e omukfeK‚reK‚ krv‚An‚I jêr rheX‚e jeW‚I oe n‚»I W‚Ay‚ ke s‚Ac‚IkAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚èoAenu& onus‚rM‚ krv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e Ce.

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&& zzpp‚‚rr cc‚‚ddvvuu&& oonn‚‚ee nn‚‚IIcc‚‚ee ZZww‚‚rrvvuu&&

CAp‚rA& zp‚r c‚dvu& on‚e n‚Ic‚e Zw‚rvu& oe oek m‚Aet§& ÂeK‚m‚Ce. s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I o&fr jvu& on‚e b‚hAr n‚IkLvu& oe oAv‚Xy‚kCe. oek s‚Am‚Any‚ sug‚m‚w‚Av‚ALAe skePAeld oW‚v‚A skePAeldtAv‚r (fAfrAn‚I rc‚n‚Av‚ALAe v‚F‚Are qcCv‚AÂeg‚ Ce) y‚Aegy‚sug‚m‚w‚A pUrI p‚AdX‚e. y‚Aegy‚w‚AW‚I s‚Ájd krel‚I s‚IdI oekoAeCAm‚A& oAeCI jêirèy‚Aw‚ Ce.

kkAAeerrnnuu&& ss‚‚&&rrxx‚‚MM‚‚

Áy‚Are kAeq p‚M‚ n‚Ic‚e p‚de w‚en‚I X‚¹y‚w‚A hAey‚, wy‚Are b‚c‚Av‚n‚Aep‚hel‚Ae m‚Ag‚ƒ oe Ce ke p‚w‚n‚n‚e oottkkAAvv‚‚vv‚‚AA m‚Ate kAernu& pUrwu&s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e. oAm‚A& s‚Am‚el‚ hAevu& ÂeqoeoW‚v‚A oAn‚I b‚rAb‚r hAevu& Âeqoe:

� kAern‚I zp‚r oAeCAm‚A& oAeCI 950 m‚Im‚Itr zp‚r oek g‚Adƒreql‚;

� Áy‚Are pl‚etPAem‚ƒn‚I kAerW‚I kAeq v‚swuoAe Tel‚Av‚An‚IX‚¹y‚w‚A hAey‚ wy‚Are p‚g‚ s‚Am‚e oek b‚Aedƒ on‚e `tnu&g‚Adƒ; on‚e

� oek y‚Aegy‚ s‚&Ky‚An‚A& v‚c‚l‚A& g‚Adƒ reql‚ oW‚v‚A y‚Aegy‚iv‚èklp‚Ae oev‚I rIw‚e g‚AeTv‚el‚A hAey‚ jeW‚I PAd 470m‚Im‚ItrW‚I v‚F‚Are n‚ hAey‚.

kAeq v‚Ar oek CAp‚rA&n‚I p‚ALI w‚en‚A jevu& j s‚&rx‚M‚ oAp‚IX‚ke Ce p‚M‚, Âe w‚em‚ hAey‚ w‚Ae, v‚F‚ArAn‚A& s‚&rx‚M‚n‚I jêr p‚dX‚e.

kkAAmm‚‚ mm‚‚AAtteenn‚‚AA&& ppll‚‚eettPPAAeemm‚‚AA……

kAern‚A& s‚&rx‚M‚n‚I s‚AW‚e, oe oetlu& j og‚wy‚nu& Ce ke oekpUrwu& on‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚ kAm‚nu& pl‚etPAem‚ƒ pUé& p‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚eÁy‚A&W‚I kAm‚ krI X‚kAy‚. G‚M‚A ikèss‚AoAem‚A& CAp‚é& p‚Aew‚e joA pUé& p‚AdX‚e. Âe w‚e n‚ pUé& p‚Ade w‚Ae (fA.w‚. oek ip‚ètacdCAp‚rA& zp‚r oek ic‚èm‚n‚I zp‚r kAm‚ krw‚A& s‚m‚y‚e) oekpl‚etPAem‚ƒ pUé& p‚Advu& Âeqoe. Áy‚Are w‚en‚e b‚Asketn‚I o&frW‚Il‚q jq X‚kAy‚ wy‚Are Âe y‚Aegy‚ hAey‚ w‚Ae oek oem‚qdb‚lyuip‚èomuk kAm‚Ae m‚Ate y‚Aegy‚ n‚Iv‚dX‚e.

pp‚‚ww‚‚nn‚‚nn‚‚II ooss‚‚rr GG‚‚ttAAddvv‚‚II

pUrw‚A& pl‚etPAem‚A… on‚e kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUrA& p‚Adv‚A& oe h&m‚eX‚A&X‚¹y‚ oW‚v‚A v‚hev‚Aé n‚ p‚M‚ hAeq X‚ke. Âe w‚em‚ hAey‚, w‚Aes‚&rx‚M‚n‚I ÂLIoAe oW‚v‚A su&v‚ALI p‚dv‚An‚I s‚Am‚g›IoAe,jev‚I ke b‚In‚ b‚eg‚Ae oW‚v‚A äg‚Av‚I X‚kAy‚ oev‚I hv‚An‚I b‚eg‚Ae,kAeq X‚¹y‚ QÂn‚e ss‚‚AAEEWW‚‚II ooAAeeCCII krI X‚ke Ce.

Âe ÂLIoAe v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e, w‚Ae oe in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke w‚em‚n‚ekAm‚n‚I s‚p‚AtIn‚I jem‚ b‚n‚e w‚em‚ w‚rw‚ n‚Ic‚e l‚Ay‚kAw‚v‚ALAirèg‚rAe ÞArA n‚AK‚v‚Am‚A& oAv‚e jeW‚I p‚dv‚Anu& o&w‚r jem‚ b‚n‚ew‚em‚ oAe½& W‚Ay‚.


5

vy‚i¹w‚èg‚w‚ p‚w‚n‚n‚e otkAv‚v‚An‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe jev‚I kehArn‚eis‚ès‚, ke je m‚AÛ‚ w‚e vy‚i¹w‚èn‚e j s‚&rx‚M‚ oAp‚e Ce(s‚Amuihèk p‚àiw‚èoAe jev‚I n‚hI´, je oekW‚I v‚F‚Are vy‚i¹w‚èoAen‚es‚&rx‚M‚ oAp‚e, jev‚I ke ÂLIoAe), w‚em‚n‚e sw‚rIkrM‚m‚A& n‚Ic‚ehAey‚ w‚em‚ ÂM‚v‚I Âeqoe, kArM‚ ke w‚e p‚w‚n‚n‚e otkAv‚w‚In‚W‚I, m‚AÛ‚ p‚irèM‚Am‚Aen‚e G‚tAde Ce on‚e oek m‚AÛ‚ vy‚i¹w‚èg‚w‚s‚&rx‚M‚ oAp‚e. Ce. w‚e zp‚rA&w‚, oe p‚àiw‚èoAen‚e oek sW‚LepUrw‚A m‚jbUw‚ l‚&g‚rn‚I, v‚Ap‚rn‚Arn‚I iX‚èsw‚ on‚e s‚&c‚Al‚kn‚Iikæèy‚AX‚Il‚ feK‚reK‚n‚I jêr hAey‚ Ce.

nn‚‚IIcc‚‚ee pp‚‚ddww‚‚II vv‚‚sswwuuooAAee

kAm‚n‚A sW‚Ln‚e suG‚d rAK‚Ae: je v‚swuoAe n‚Ic‚e p‚dI X‚ke w‚en‚eoekTI W‚w‚I otkAv‚Ae.

CAp‚rA& oW‚v‚A skePAeld zp‚rW‚I kfI kAeq v‚swuoAe n‚Ic‚e n‚Pe´kAe. b‚&F‚ kc‚rAn‚A XUtas‚ v‚Ap‚rAe oW‚v‚A w‚Ae K‚AeK‚A&oAem‚A&v‚swuoAe jm‚In‚ zp‚r zw‚ArAe - ÄoAe oAk©iw‚è 2.

CAp‚rA&n‚I n‚Ic‚en‚I oW‚v‚A b‚AÃn‚I ÂeK‚m‚v‚ALI jgy‚AoAen‚Isug‚m‚w‚A otkAv‚Ae. Áy‚A& oA K‚Aw‚rIW‚I n‚ W‚q X‚ke, wy‚A& n‚Ic‚ep‚dw‚I v‚swuoAeW‚I qÂn‚e otkAv‚v‚A m‚Ate deib›è n‚eit&èg‚,p‚&K‚AoAe, DA&kel‚I c‚Al‚v‚An‚I kedIoAe oW‚v‚A oev‚A& b‚IÂ&s‚&rx‚M‚Ae iv‚èS‚e iv‚èc‚Ar krAe.

CAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚Aen‚I n‚Èk Áy‚Are jn‚w‚An‚e sug‚m‚w‚A hAey‚, wy‚AreK‚As‚ s‚&B‚ALn‚I jêr Ce. Âe X‚¹y‚ hAey‚, w‚Ae rAhfArIoAe Áy‚Arewy‚A& n‚ hAey‚, wy‚Are kAm‚ W‚Ay‚ oev‚I g‚AeTv‚M‚ krAe, fA.w‚.X‚ALAoAenu& s‚m‚ArkAm‚ X‚ALAm‚A& rÂ hAey‚ wy‚Are krAe. Âe oem‚ n‚W‚q X‚ke, w‚Ae ÂeK‚m‚v‚ALI jgy‚AoAem‚A& jn‚w‚An‚I sug‚m‚w‚A b‚n‚eoetl‚I G‚tAdAe. omuk ikèss‚AoAem‚A& p‚dw‚I v‚swuoAen‚e JIl‚v‚A m‚Ates‚&rx‚M‚, fA.w‚. skePAeld Pens‚ oW‚v‚A kc‚rA m‚Ate ÂLI, y‚Aegy‚hAeq X‚ke Ce. y‚Af rAK‚Ae ke JIM‚A p‚fAW‚A…, jev‚A ke rjkM‚Ae,w‚kl‚IP ke oA&K‚m‚A& QÂ p‚efA krI X‚ke Ce.

ww‚‚AAll‚‚IImm‚‚

CAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚g‚ArAen‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I kAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate y‚Aegy‚ Y‚An‚,oAv‚dw‚, w‚Al‚Im‚ on‚e onuB‚v‚n‚I jêr Ce,oW‚v‚A w‚Ae kAeqvy‚i¹w‚è, ke jen‚I p‚As‚e oA hAey‚, w‚en‚I feK‚reK‚ n‚Ic‚e kAm‚ krv‚An‚Ijêr Ce. w‚em‚n‚e ÂeK‚m‚Ae p‚rK‚v‚An‚I oAv‚dw‚, y‚Aegy‚ kAy‚ƒp‚àiw‚èoAen‚I s‚m‚jM‚ on‚e oA krI X‚kv‚An‚I x‚m‚w‚An‚I jêr Ce:

� kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ b‚es‚Advu;� oem‚qdb‚lyuip‚è c‚l‚Av‚v‚An‚I oAv‚dw‚;� v‚swuoAen‚e hAW‚ F‚rv‚An‚I oAv‚dw‚; � tAv‚r skePAeild&èg‚ b‚A&F‚v‚A; on‚e � hArn‚es‚n‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe n‚AK‚v‚I on‚e p‚herv‚I (b‚c‚Av‚n‚I

kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚èoAen‚e s‚Am‚el‚ krIn‚e).

oA oAv‚dw‚Ae m‚eLv‚v‚A m‚Ate kAm‚g‚ArAen‚e w‚Al‚Im‚ on‚eonuB‚v‚n‚I jêr Ce. oev‚I oAX‚A rAK‚v‚I ke w‚e ‘kAm‚ krw‚A&s‚l‚Am‚w‚I X‚IK‚I l‚eX‚e’ oe pUrwu& n‚W‚I.

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 2 rib‚èX‚ XUt on‚e iskèp‚n‚e kc‚rAn‚I v‚swuoAe JIl‚v‚A m‚Ate

rAK‚v‚Am‚A& oAvy‚A& Ce


6

hhvv‚‚AAmm‚‚AAnn‚‚nn‚‚II pp‚‚iirrèèiissWW‚‚èèiiww‚‚èèooAAee

F‚ v‚kƒ oet hAqt regyul‚ex‚ns‚ 2005 kAy‚fAe iv‚èiX‚èñ rIw‚e kheCe ke Âe hv‚Am‚An‚n‚A kArM‚e kAm‚g‚ArAen‚A& sv‚AsWy‚ on‚es‚l‚Am‚w‚I ÂeK‚m‚m‚A& mUkAy‚, w‚Ae kAm‚ n‚ krvu& Âeqoe. b‚rP,v‚rs‚Af on‚e b‚h§ p‚v‚n‚v‚ALA& hv‚Am‚An‚m‚A& kAm‚ n‚ krX‚Ae. jekAeq p‚M‚ CAp‚rA&n‚A& p‚w‚rA& l‚q jw‚Ae hAey‚, w‚e Âe p‚v‚n‚W‚Iä&kAy‚, w‚Ae CAp‚rA& zp‚rW‚I ZdI jq X‚ke Ce.

y‚Aegy‚ kp‚dA& p‚herIn‚e on‚e s‚n‚ kæIm‚Ae v‚Ap‚rIn‚e sUrjn‚A v‚Fup‚dw‚A w‚dkAW‚I b‚c‚Ae. sUrjn‚A w‚dkAn‚A oiw‚èX‚y‚ s‚ev‚n‚W‚Ic‚Am‚dInu& kens‚r W‚q X‚ke Ce.

tt¨&&kkAA gg‚‚AALLAAnnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚

t¨&kA g‚ALAnu& kAm‚ oetl‚e oev‚A& kAm‚ ke jen‚I g‚M‚w‚rIim‚èin‚ètAem‚A& W‚Ay‚, kl‚AkAem‚A& n‚hI´. w‚em‚A& s‚Am‚el‚ Ce oev‚A& kAm‚Aejev‚A& ke in‚èrIx‚M‚, W‚AedA& n‚iLèy‚A& b‚fl‚v‚A& oW‚v‚A w‚Aeteil‚èiv‚èJn‚n‚A oeirèol‚m‚A& n‚An‚A PerPAr. t¨&kA g‚ALAn‚A& kAm‚m‚Ate pUrI kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚Advu& v‚Ajb‚Ip‚M‚e v‚hev‚Aé

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 3 CAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚ m‚Ate m‚Ail‚èkIn‚I sug‚m‚w‚A oAp‚w‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 4 oek CAp‚rA&n‚A& p‚w‚rAn‚e b‚fl‚v‚A m‚Ate v‚p‚rAwu& m‚Aeb‚Aql‚

oeil‚èv‚eit&èg‚ pl‚etPAem‚ƒ


7

kfAc‚ n‚ hAeq X‚ke, p‚M‚ w‚en‚I jgy‚Aoe b‚IÃ& kA&q pUé&p‚Advu& w‚m‚ArA m‚Ate jêrI W‚X‚e. oek CAp‚rA zp‚r t¨&kAg‚ALAn‚A kAm‚ m‚Ate oAeCAm‚A& oAeCI jêirèy‚Aw‚Ae oA Ce:

� CAp‚rA&n‚I ¥c‚Aq suF‚I oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ sug‚m‚w‚A; on‚e� CAp‚rA& zp‚r kAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ rIw‚

(fA.w‚. DALv‚ALA CAp‚rA zp‚r oek y‚Aegy‚ rIw‚eb‚es‚Adel‚I s‚IdI, oW‚v‚A oek s‚p‚At CAp‚rA zp‚rpUrw‚I t¨&kI fAerdIv‚ALI hArn‚es‚, jeW‚I p‚hern‚Ar oeisW‚èiw‚èm‚A& n‚ p‚hAe´c‚I X‚ke ke Áy‚A&W‚I w‚e p‚dI X‚ke on‚eoek s‚Ájd l‚&g‚r s‚AW‚e b‚A&F‚el‚I hAey‚).

Prw‚I (m‚Aeb‚Aql‚) sug‚m‚w‚An‚I s‚Am‚g›I oW‚v‚A m‚Ail‚èkIn‚Isug‚m‚w‚An‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe oek y‚Aegy‚ kAm‚nu& pl‚etPAem‚ƒ pUé& p‚AdIX‚ke Ce ke Áy‚A&W‚I kAm‚ W‚q X‚ke. w‚en‚AW‚I skePAeild&èg‚n‚I jêrtALI X‚kAy‚ Ce on‚e w‚e t¨&kA g‚ALAn‚A& n‚An‚A& kAm‚ m‚Ate K‚As‚y‚Aegy‚ hAeq X‚ke Ce.

BB‚‚&&gguurr CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&

BB‚‚&&gguurr ooeettll‚‚ee XXuu&& ??

B‚&gur CAp‚rA&m‚A&W‚I p‚dI jv‚An‚A b‚n‚Av‚Ae b‚A&F‚kAm‚n‚A zÏ‚Aeg‚m‚A&¥c‚AqW‚I p‚dIn‚e mOwyun‚A b‚n‚Av‚Aen‚A 22% Ce. oek B‚&gur p‚fAW‚ƒw‚e Ce ke je oek vy‚i¹w‚èn‚A v‚jn‚n‚e on‚e w‚en‚AW‚I ¥c‚kel‚Ab‚Aejn‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I tekAe n‚ fq X‚ke. oek CAp‚rAn‚IB‚&gurw‚An‚Ae oAF‚Ar m‚AÛ‚ w‚em‚A& rhel‚A p‚fAW‚ƒ zp‚r j n‚W‚I,p‚M‚ n‚Ic‚en‚A& kArM‚Ae p‚M‚ og‚wy‚n‚A& Ce:

� p‚fAW‚ƒn‚I ÂdAq; � tekA v‚cc‚enu& o&w‚r; � p‚w‚rAn‚I b‚AÃn‚Ae oAkAr; � iPèix‚&ègJn‚I Âw‚, s‚&Ky‚A, isW‚èiw‚è on‚e guM‚v‚Ù‚A; � tekAn‚A m‚ALK‚An‚I rc‚n‚A, fA.w‚. p‚Šl‚èns‚; on‚e � p‚fAW‚ƒ ketl‚Ae Än‚Ae Ce w‚e.

y‚Af rAK‚Ae ke je CAp‚rA& ‘B‚&gur n‚W‚I’ oem‚ m‚An‚v‚Am‚A&oAv‚w‚A& hw‚A& w‚e p‚M‚ s‚m‚y‚ jw‚A& b‚g‚dX‚e on‚e Än‚A& W‚qn‚eB‚&gur b‚n‚X‚e.

kAeq v‚Ar CAp‚rA&n‚I oAK‚I s‚p‚AtI B‚&gur hAey‚ Ce, jev‚A& ke G‚M‚A&PAqb‚r is‚èm‚entn‚A& CAp‚rA&. kAeq v‚Ar CAp‚rA&n‚Ae oek B‚Ag‚ B‚&gurhAey‚ Ce fA.w‚. Áy‚Are B‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚I b‚ArIoAe oB‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚Io&fr hAey‚. kAeq v‚Ar oek CAp‚é& t&kA s‚m‚y‚ m‚Ate B‚&gur hAey‚Ce, fA.w‚. ‘ib‚èlt op‚’ CAp‚rA&n‚A b‚A&F‚kAm‚ frim‚èy‚An‚, Áy‚A&K‚Al‚I l‚Aqn‚r b‚A&F‚el‚I hAey‚, p‚M‚ p‚w‚rA&n‚e hÈ s‚Ájd krv‚Am‚A&n‚W‚I oAvy‚A& hAey‚. kAeq v‚Ar CAp‚rA&n‚I B‚&gurw‚A CAn‚I hAey‚ Ce,fA.w‚. Áy‚Are Än‚A& CAp‚rA&n‚I zp‚r r&g‚ l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAvy‚Ae hAey‚.oA m‚Ag‚ƒfX‚ƒn‚ oAv‚A b‚F‚A s‚&Âeg‚Aem‚A& l‚Agu p‚de Ce.

B‚&gurw‚A hAey‚, ke n‚hI´, kAm‚ X‚ê W‚Ay‚ w‚e p‚hel‚A& oekl‚Ay‚kAw‚v‚ALI vy‚i¹w‚èoe CAp‚rAn‚I c‚kAs‚M‚I krv‚I Âeqoe. ÂekAeq p‚M‚ X‚&kA hAey‚, w‚Ae CAp‚rAn‚e B‚&gur m‚An‚vu& Âeqoe,is‚èv‚Ay‚ ke on‚e wy‚A& suF‚I, ke oev‚I puiñè m‚Le ke w‚e n‚W‚I.p‚hel‚eW‚I w‚p‚As‚ ky‚Aƒ v‚g‚r kAeq CAp‚rAn‚e oB‚&gur m‚An‚I l‚evu&w‚e B‚y‚jn‚k Ce.

oopp››mm‚‚AAiiMM‚‚èèww‚‚ ssuugg‚‚mm‚‚ww‚‚AA oottkkAAvv‚‚AAee

in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke CAp‚rA&n‚I op›m‚AiM‚èw‚ sug‚m‚w‚An‚eotkAv‚v‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce, fA.w‚. p‚Šm‚èt-t§-v‚kƒ in‚èy‚m‚Aen‚Aeom‚l‚ krIn‚e oW‚v‚A w‚Ae sug‚m‚w‚An‚I s‚IdIoAen‚e ov‚rAeF‚In‚e.in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke y‚Aegy‚ c‚ew‚v‚M‚In‚I in‚èX‚An‚IoAe owy‚Arn‚A&CAp‚rA& zp‚r fX‚Aƒv‚v‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce, K‚As‚ krIn‚e CAp‚rA&n‚A&sug‚m‚w‚An‚A& sW‚LAe p‚As‚e.

BB‚‚&&gguurr pp‚‚ffAAWW‚‚AA…… zzpp‚‚rr kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&&

B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A… zp‚rnu& kAm‚ s‚&B‚ALW‚I y‚Aejvu& Âeqoe jeW‚ICAp‚rA&m‚A&W‚I p‚w‚n‚n‚e otkAv‚I X‚kAy‚:

� Áy‚A& v‚hev‚Aé hAey‚ wy‚A& b‚Fu& kAm‚ n‚Ic‚eW‚I krvu& Âeqoe; � Áy‚A& oA X‚¹y‚ n‚ hAey‚, wy‚A& oem‚qdb‚lyuip‚è v‚Ap‚rv‚Anu&

iv‚èc‚ArAe ke jeW‚I kAm‚g‚ArAe, CAp‚rA& zp‚r ZB‚A rø‚Av‚g‚r, oem‚qdb‚lyuip‚èn‚A b‚Asketn‚I o&frW‚I ¹Am‚ krI X‚ke;

� Âe B‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚I sug‚m‚w‚An‚e tALI n‚ X‚kAy‚, w‚AeCAp‚rA&n‚I Prw‚e kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ b‚A&F‚vu& Âeqoe on‚eb‚Aejn‚e p›s‚Arv‚A m‚Ate steij&èg‚ v‚Ap‚rvu& Âeqoe. is‚èv‚Ay‚ke g‚Adƒ reqls‚ l‚g‚Adel‚A steij&èg‚ on‚e pl‚etPAem‚A… zp‚rj sug‚m‚w‚A on‚e kAm‚ hAey‚, s‚&rx‚M‚n‚I ÂLIoAeCAp‚rA&n‚I n‚Ic‚e l‚g‚Adv‚I Âeqoe oW‚v‚A w‚Ae hAn‚…s‚n‚Ip‚àiw‚è v‚Ap‚rv‚I Âeqoe.


8

Áy‚A& hAn‚…is‚ès‚ v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAvy‚A hAey‚, wy‚A& w‚em‚n‚e pUrw‚Al‚&g‚rn‚A sW‚LAe (oe´kr p‚Aeqntas‚)n‚I jêr rheX‚e. w‚em‚n‚AeoAF‚Ar v‚Ap‚rn‚Arn‚I iX‚èsw‚, w‚Al‚Im‚ on‚e feK‚reK‚ zp‚r rheX‚e,jeW‚I in‚èið‚èw‚ W‚Ay‚ ke w‚em‚n‚Ae zp‚y‚Aeg‚ sus‚&g‚w‚w‚AW‚I on‚ey‚Aegy‚w‚AW‚I W‚Ay‚ Ce.

tekAn‚A pl‚etPAem‚A… pUrw‚A kfn‚A hAev‚A Âeqoe jeW‚I kAm‚g‚Ars‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I c‚Al‚I X‚ke on‚e kAeq s‚AF‚n‚ oW‚v‚A p‚fAW‚A…n‚es‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I v‚Ap‚rI X‚ke.

in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke tekAn‚A pl‚etPAem‚A… pUrw‚A l‚A&b‚A Ce jeW‚ICAp‚rA&n‚A m‚emb‚rAen‚e pUrw‚Ae tekAe m‚Le. w‚em‚n‚Ae G‚erAv‚Ae oAeCAm‚A&oAeCAe b‚e p‚ALI (p‚Šl‚èns‚)oAe jetl‚Ae hAev‚Ae Âeqoe. pl‚etPAem‚ƒv‚Ap‚rv‚AW‚I b‚Aej p›s‚re Ce, p‚M‚ w‚en‚AW‚I pUrw‚Ae tekAe n‚hI´m‚Le, ke Âe tekAm‚A& m‚AÛ‚ kAeq B‚&gur p‚fAW‚ƒ hAey‚.

p‚Šl‚èns‚ oW‚v‚A irèdajn‚I zp‚r CAp‚rA&n‚A b‚Aeltn‚I hArn‚Izp‚r kkffII nn‚‚ c‚Al‚X‚Ae, kArM‚ ke p‚w‚rA&m‚A& w‚d p‚dI X‚ke Ceon‚e B‚A&g‚I jq X‚ke Ce; w‚em‚n‚I rc‚n‚A w‚m‚ArA v‚jn‚n‚eZp‚Adv‚A m‚Ate n‚W‚I W‚q.

kAm‚g‚ArAen‚e CAp‚rA&n‚I oAÃb‚AÃ pl‚etPAem‚A… c‚Alu K‚s‚edv‚An‚Ijêr n‚ p‚dv‚I Âeqoe. oe sv‚IkAy‚ƒ n‚W‚I ke kAeq B‚&gurCAp‚rAn‚I zp‚r b‚e p‚Aitèy‚A& v‚Ap‚rIn‚e ‘TekdA& m‚Arv‚A&’. in‚èið‚èw‚krAe ke oA tALv‚A m‚Ate pUrw‚A pl‚etPAem‚A… Ce.

pl‚etPAem‚ƒ zp‚rW‚I p‚dI jw‚A& otkAv‚v‚A m‚Ate s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAen‚Ijêr Ce. tAep‚ reql‚, qntrm‚Iidèoet reql‚ (oW‚v‚A w‚en‚Ib‚rAb‚rnu& s‚&rx‚M‚) on‚e tAe b‚Aedƒv‚Aú& kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ hAey‚w‚ev‚A pl‚etPAem‚A… pUrA p‚AdAe.

BB‚‚&&gguurr pp‚‚ffAAWW‚‚AA…… nn‚‚ÈÈkk kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&&

kAeq p‚M‚ vy‚i¹w‚è B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A… n‚Èk p‚s‚Ar W‚Ay‚ oW‚v‚AkAm‚ kre, wy‚Are s‚&rx‚M‚n‚I jêr Ce, fA.w‚.:

� B‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚I o&fr v‚eil‚è g‚ts‚ƒ zp‚r sug‚m‚w‚Afrim‚èy‚An‚;

� Áy‚Are B‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚I b‚ArIoAe oW‚v‚A Fum‚AdAn‚A kAM‚A&(v‚entas‚) oB‚&gur CAp‚rA&n‚I o&fr hAey‚; oW‚v‚A

� B‚&gur CAp‚rA& zp‚r kAm‚ krv‚An‚A& sW‚LAen‚I sug‚m‚w‚Afrim‚èy‚An‚.

Áy‚Are p‚M‚ b‚n‚I X‚ke wy‚Are in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke l‚AekAen‚I 2 m‚ItroW‚v‚A v‚Fu n‚Èk b‚F‚A B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A… s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I DA&kel‚A Ceon‚e oek c‚ew‚v‚M‚In‚I in‚èX‚An‚I fX‚Aƒv‚v‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce. iv‚èklp‚êp‚e, B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A…n‚I Prw‚e on‚e w‚en‚I zp‚r s‚w‚w‚ ov‚rAeF‚AepUrA p‚AdAe jeW‚I w‚en‚I sug‚m‚w‚An‚e otkAv‚e. (in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe keoAv‚A& s‚&rx‚M‚ b‚A&F‚w‚A& s‚m‚y‚e y‚Aegy‚ s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe l‚ev‚Am‚A& oAv‚e,fA.w‚. n‚eit&èg‚, b‚dƒkeqj skePAeld oW‚v‚A hAn‚…s‚n‚I p‚àiw‚èn‚Aezp‚y‚Aeg‚.)

s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e Âe B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A… w‚rPn‚Ae p›v‚eX‚ m‚Ag‚ƒ oin‚èy‚im‚èw‚oW‚v‚A t¨&kA g‚ALAn‚Ae hAey‚, w‚Ae w‚e kAeq v‚Ar v‚Ajb‚I on‚ev‚hev‚Aé n‚ p‚M‚ hAey‚, fA.w‚. W‚AedI im‚èin‚ètAe m‚Ate. s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚IhAn‚…s‚Ae s‚Am‚Any‚ p‚M‚e y‚Aegy‚ zp‚Ay‚ hX‚e on‚e kAeq kAy‚m‚n‚Ib‚A&F‚el‚I rin‚&èg‚ l‚Aqn‚ p‚àiw‚èoAen‚I s‚AW‚e v‚Ap‚rI X‚kAy‚ Ce.

oev‚I s‚rhfAe jem‚A& ‘s‚l‚Am‚w‚’ iv‚èsw‚ArAen‚e, jem‚A&W‚I o&fron‚e b‚hAr jv‚An‚A m‚Ag‚A… hAey‚, w‚en‚e n‚»I krI X‚kAy‚. Âew‚em‚n‚e v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e w‚Ae:

� oe s‚rhf B‚&gur p‚fAW‚A…W‚I oAeCAm‚A& oAeCA 2 m‚ItrCete hAev‚I Âeqoe;

� oe s‚rhfn‚e pUrA kAern‚A s‚&rx‚M‚n‚A& F‚AerM‚Aenu& p‚Al‚n‚krv‚An‚I jêr n‚W‚I, p‚M‚ wy‚A& oek s‚w‚w‚ ov‚rAeF‚hAev‚Ae Âeqoe (oek r&g‚el‚I l‚ItI oW‚v‚A kp‚d§& sv‚IkAy‚ƒn‚W‚I); on‚e

� frek vy‚i¹w‚è s‚l‚Am‚w‚ iv‚èsw‚Arm‚A& j rhe w‚e in‚èið‚èw‚krv‚A m‚Ate s‚K‚w‚ iX‚èsw‚n‚I jêr Ce.

DDAALLvv‚‚AALLAA CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚II zzpp‚‚rr kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&&

êiDèg‚w‚ DALv‚ALA& CAp‚rA& zp‚rW‚I m‚AetA B‚Ag‚n‚A l‚AekAe p‚de Ce w‚e:

� n‚ev‚A&m‚A&W‚I;� CAp‚rA& zp‚rW‚I l‚p‚s‚In‚e p‚CI n‚ev‚A& zp‚rW‚I; � CAp‚rA&n‚I o&fr p‚dIn‚e, fA.w‚. CAp‚rA&n‚A t¦ss‚ b‚A&F‚w‚A&

s‚m‚y‚e; oW‚v‚A� g‚eb‚l‚ oendaJm‚A&W‚I.


9


CAp‚rA&n‚A DAL zp‚r kAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate n‚ev‚A& p‚As‚e pUé& kAernu&

s‚&rx‚M‚ s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e jêrI b‚n‚X‚e. kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUrwu&

m‚jbUw‚ hAevu& Âeqoe jeW‚I kAeq vy‚i¹w‚è oen‚I zp‚r p‚de w‚Ae

tkI X‚ke. jem‚ DAL l‚A&b‚Ae hAey‚ on‚e w‚en‚Ae kAeM‚ ZB‚Ae

hAey‚, w‚em‚ kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ p‚M‚ m‚jbUw‚ hAevu& Âeqoe. n‚ev‚A&

oAg‚L y‚Aegy‚ rc‚n‚Av‚ALA on‚e b‚A&F‚el‚A sv‚w‚&Û‚ skePAeld

pl‚etPAem‚ƒ m‚AetA B‚Ag‚e pUrw‚A W‚X‚e. oAeCA m‚jbUw‚

skePAeild&èg‚n‚A ov‚rAeF‚Ae m‚AetA& oW‚v‚A v‚Fu DALv‚ALA CAp‚rA&

m‚Ate pUrw‚A& m‚jbUw‚ kfAc‚ n‚ hAey‚, K‚As‚ krIn‚e Âe DAL

30° W‚I v‚F‚Are hAey‚.

omuk m‚AetA& CAp‚rA& zp‚r, oAK‚A CAp‚rA zp‚rW‚I l‚p‚s‚v‚An‚A

on‚e kAern‚A s‚&rx‚M‚n‚e oW‚dAv‚An‚A p‚irèM‚Am‚Ae oev‚A& hAeq X‚ke

Ce ke v‚cc‚en‚A pl‚etPAem‚A…n‚I kAm‚n‚A sW‚Le jêr p‚dX‚e oAm‚

W‚wu& otkAv‚I X‚kAy‚.

Âe g‚eb‚l‚ oendaJn‚I 2 m‚Itrn‚I o&fr kAm‚ m‚Ate sug‚m‚w‚An‚I

jêr hAey‚, w‚Ae n‚ev‚A& p‚As‚e p‚M‚ kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ jêrI b‚n‚X‚e.

w‚en‚A b‚fl‚e, iv‚èklp‚êp‚e, oem‚qdb‚lyuip‚è (oAk©iw‚è 4) v‚Ap‚rv‚Anu&

oW‚v‚A p›Aep›Ay‚tirè oe¹s‚es‚ is‚èistèm‚Ae (oAk©iw‚è 3) iv‚èc‚ArAe, je

ÄfI ÄfI jgy‚Aoe K‚s‚edv‚A m‚Ate s‚rL Ce, b‚A&F‚v‚A m‚Ate

Jdp‚I Ce on‚e s‚ArI sug‚m‚w‚A pUrI p‚Ade Ce.

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚II ss‚‚IIddIIooAAee

DALv‚ALA& CAp‚rA& zp‚r, CAp‚rA&n‚A ¹Am‚g‚ArAeoe sl‚eqtas‚ on‚e

tAqls‚ zp‚r s‚IFu& kAm‚ n‚ krvu& Âeqoe, kArM‚ ke w‚e

s‚l‚Am‚w‚ p‚g‚ rAK‚v‚An‚I s‚g‚v‚d n‚W‚I oAp‚w‚A&, K‚As‚ krIn‚e

Guard rail

Guard railIntermediate rail

Intermediate rail

Toe board

Scaffold board

(a) (b)

minim

um 950 m

m

not more than 470 mm

not more than 470 mm

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 5 n‚mUn‚Aêp‚ DALv‚ALA CAp‚rA&n‚I kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚. Áy‚A& jgy‚A m‚y‚Aƒifèw‚ hAey‚, wy‚A& (a) m‚A& b‚w‚Adel‚A ov‚rAeF‚Ae zp‚y‚Aeg‚I hAeq X‚ke Ce,

p‚M‚ (b), je kAm‚ krv‚Anu& pl‚etPAem‚ƒ p‚M‚ pUé& p‚Ade Ce, w‚en‚A jetl‚A m‚AetA b‚AeÂe s‚hn‚ krv‚A m‚Ate X‚i¹w‚èm‚An‚ n‚W‚I.

g‚Adƒ reql‚

qntrimAidoet reqlA

skePAeld bAAedƒ

oAeC

AmAA´

oAe½

´ 950

mAImAI

g‚Adƒ reql‚

470 m‚Im‚IW‚I vAGA§ nAhI´

v‚c‚l‚I reqlA

tAe b‚Aedƒ

470 m‚Im‚IW‚I vAGA§ nAhI´


10

� CAp‚rA&n‚I s‚p‚AtI suF‚I oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ sug‚m‚w‚A; on‚e� oek y‚Aegy‚ rIw‚e b‚A&F‚el‚I on‚e tekAv‚ALI s‚IdI.

m‚Aeb‚Aql‚ sug‚m‚w‚An‚A& s‚AF‚n‚Ae y‚Aegy‚ kAm‚ m‚Ate pl‚etPAem‚ƒ pUé&

p‚Ade Ce jem‚A&W‚I kAeq kAm‚ W‚q X‚ke. w‚en‚e l‚IF‚e skePAeild&èg‚n‚I

jêr tALI X‚kAy‚ Ce on‚e t&kA g‚ALAn‚A& n‚An‚A& kAm‚Ae m‚Ate w‚e

K‚As‚ y‚Aegy‚ hAeq X‚ke Ce.

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚AA tt¦¦ssss‚‚AAee bb‚‚AA&&FF‚‚vv‚‚AA

Âe X‚¹y‚ hAey‚ w‚Ae, CAp‚rA&n‚A iv‚èB‚Ag‚Aen‚e jm‚In‚ zp‚r B‚eg‚A

krIn‚e on‚e w‚em‚n‚e kæeqn‚W‚I Âeqw‚A sW‚Le ¥c‚kIn‚e ¥c‚Aqnu&

kAm‚ G‚tAdAe.

Âe Âeqw‚I jgy‚Aoe t¦ss‚Aen‚e B‚eg‚A krv‚A hAey‚, w‚Ae CAp‚rA&n‚I

Prw‚e oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ kAm‚ m‚Ate pl‚etPAem‚ƒ pUé& p‚AdAe on‚e w‚e s‚AW‚e

oev‚A& p‚g‚l‚A& l‚Ae ke jeW‚I Âe p‚w‚n‚ W‚Ay‚ w‚Ae w‚enu& o&w‚r on‚e w‚en‚A&

p‚irèM‚Am‚Ae G‚te. oek kAm‚ m‚Atenu& pl‚etPAem‚ƒ oW‚v‚A t¦ss‚Aen‚I w‚rw‚

n‚Ic‚e‘kæeX‚ dek’ purA& p‚AdIn‚e oA p›Aâ‚ W‚q X‚ke Ce. oA m‚Ate kA&

w‚Ae êiDèg‚w‚ skePAeild&èg‚, oW‚v‚A (Âe y‚Aegy‚ hAey‚ w‚Ae) p›Aep›Ay‚tirè

deik&èg‚ is‚èistèms‚ v‚Ap‚rI X‚kAy‚ Ce. oW‚v‚A w‚Ae, ÂLIoAe v‚Ap‚rI

Âe w‚e B‚In‚A& hAey‚. CAp‚rA& zp‚r s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I p‚s‚Ar W‚v‚A m‚Ate

CAp‚rA&n‚I s‚IdIoAe on‚e p›Aep›Ay‚tirè steij&èg‚ v‚Ap‚rAe. w‚e oev‚A

hewu m‚Ate rc‚el‚A, s‚ArA b‚A&F‚kAm‚n‚A, y‚Aegy‚ rIw‚e oAF‚Airèw‚

hAev‚A Âeqoe, on‚e Âe DALv‚ALA& CAp‚rA& zp‚r v‚p‚rAw‚A&

hAey‚, w‚Ae irèdajn‚I zp‚r irèdaj h¨kW‚I s‚Ájd rIw‚e jkdel‚A

hAev‚A Âeqoe. w‚em‚n‚Ae zp‚y‚Aeg‚ n‚ev‚A&n‚I s‚p‚AtIoe kAern‚A

s‚&rx‚M‚n‚A zp‚rAw‚n‚Ae hAev‚Ae Âeqoe.

DDAALLvv‚‚AALLAA&& CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚II zzpp‚‚rr tt¨kkAA gg‚‚AALLAAnnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚

t¨kA g‚ALAnu& kAm‚ oetl‚e oev‚A& kAm‚ ke je im‚èin‚ètAem‚A& m‚p‚Ay‚,

kl‚AkAem‚A& n‚hI´. w‚em‚A& s‚Am‚el‚ Ce kAm‚Ae jev‚A& ke, W‚AedI tAqls‚

b‚fl‚v‚I oW‚v‚A teil‚èiv‚èJn‚n‚A oerIol‚m‚A& n‚An‚A PerPAr

krv‚A. bb‚‚hh§§ tt¨&&kkAA ss‚‚mm‚‚yy‚‚nnuu&& hhAAeeyy‚‚ ww‚‚AAee pp‚‚MM‚‚ CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚

ÂÂeeKK‚‚mm‚‚kkAArrII CCee.. ss‚‚ll‚‚AAmm‚‚ww‚‚II mm‚‚AAttee yy‚‚AAeeggyy‚‚ pp‚‚gg‚‚ll‚‚AA&& ooAAvv‚‚XXyy‚‚kk CCee..

t¨&kA g‚ALAn‚A kAm‚ m‚Ate pUé& kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚Advu& oe

v‚Ajb‚I rIw‚e v‚hev‚Aé kfAc‚ n‚ hAeq X‚ke, p‚M‚ w‚en‚I jgy‚Aoe

w‚m‚Are b‚IÃ& kA&q w‚Ae oAp‚vu& p‚dX‚e. oek CAp‚rA zp‚r t¨&kA

g‚ALAn‚A kAm‚ m‚Ate oA oAeCAm‚A& oAeCI jêirèy‚Aw‚Ae Ce:

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 6 CAp‚rA&n‚A t¦ss‚ je jm‚In‚ zp‚r b‚A&F‚v‚Am‚A& oAvy‚A Ce on‚e p‚CI TekAM‚A zp‚r ¥c‚kv‚Am‚A& oAvy‚A Ce, jeW‚I Kuë‚A Âeqist&èg‚m‚A&

p‚ACLW‚I kAm‚ n‚ krvu& p‚de.

X‚kAy‚ Ce ke Âe ÂLIn‚I n‚Ic‚e oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ o&w‚r v‚Ap‚rI X‚kAy‚

on‚e oek y‚Aegy‚ Âedv‚Anu& TekAÖ zp‚l‚bF‚ hAey‚. ÂLIn‚A iv‚èklp‚Ae

m‚Ate s‚AePat l‚eind&èg‚ is‚èistèms‚ jev‚I ke b‚In‚ oW‚v‚A hv‚An‚I b‚eg‚Ae

v‚Ap‚rI X‚kAy‚ Ce. Áy‚Are ¹Am‚c‚l‚Az b›eis‚&èg‚ oW‚v‚A t¦ss‚Aen‚A

n‚Ic‚l‚A kAedƒn‚e b‚Aedƒ l‚g‚AdAy‚ w‚e p‚hel‚A&, Áy‚A& t¦ss‚Aen‚I o&fr

sug‚m‚w‚An‚I jêr p‚de Ce, wy‚A& ÂLIoAe oW‚v‚A s‚AePat l‚eind&èg‚

is‚èistèms‚ pUrA& p‚Adv‚A w‚e K‚As‚ og‚wy‚nu& Ce.

ooAAEEÏÏ‚‚AAeeiigg‚‚èèkk CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&

stIl‚n‚A& m‚ALK‚A&n‚A& p‚hAeLA& o&w‚rn‚A& oAEÏ‚Aeig‚èk CAp‚rA&b‚A&F‚v‚A& on‚e w‚em‚n‚I zp‚r kAm‚ krvu& w‚em‚A& omuk ÂeK‚m‚Ae Ce,jev‚A ke p‚dI jv‚An‚A b‚n‚Av‚Ae:

� CAp‚rA&n‚I kAerW‚I;� opUM‚ƒ b‚A&F‚el‚A& CAp‚rA&n‚I w‚dAem‚A&W‚I;� B‚&gur l‚Aqn‚rn‚I p‚en‚l‚Ae oW‚v‚A CAp‚rA&n‚I b‚ArIoAem‚A&W‚I;� orix‚èw‚ w‚dAe Áy‚Are oin‚èv‚Ay‚ƒ hAey‚ wy‚Are oAg‚Ln‚I

kAerm‚AW‚I; on‚e� m‚ALK‚A&m‚A&W‚I, fA.w‚. CAp‚rA&n‚A& p‚w‚rA& l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e

wy‚Are.

oA ÂeK‚m‚Ae m‚AÛ‚ kAm‚n‚A sW‚Le j n‚hI´ p‚M‚ wy‚A& jv‚An‚Aon‚e wy‚A&W‚I oAv‚v‚An‚A m‚Ag‚ƒm‚A& p‚M‚ Ce.

CAp‚rA&n‚I Prw‚e kAern‚A s‚&rx‚M‚ s‚AW‚e b‚rAb‚r rIw‚e b‚A&F‚el‚Is‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚I ÂLIoAe oe v‚Fu qcCv‚A y‚Aegy‚ zp‚Ay‚ Ce. Áy‚AreÂLIoAe v‚Ap‚rAe wy‚Are v‚F‚ArAnu& kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ (oA CAp‚rA&n‚IPrw‚e kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ n‚W‚I) s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e jêrI n‚hI´ W‚Ay‚.

kkAAmm‚‚nn‚‚II pp‚‚ààiiww‚‚èèooAAee

s‚ArI y‚Aejn‚A on‚e ¥c‚Aq zp‚r kAm‚n‚A sw‚rIkrM‚ b‚Ab‚w‚ l‚x‚oAp‚v‚AW‚I w‚e oAEÏ‚Aeig‚èk CAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚n‚A& ÂeK‚m‚Aen‚e g‚M‚n‚Ap‚AÛ‚rIw‚e G‚tAdI X‚kAy‚ Ce. kAm‚g‚ArAen‚e CAp‚rA& zp‚r jêr v‚g‚rc‚Al‚v‚An‚I jêirèy‚Aw‚ oA rIw‚e G‚tAdv‚Anu& iv‚èc‚ArAe:

� y‚Aegy‚ p‚w‚rA&, y‚Aegy‚ sW‚Le on‚e y‚Aegy‚ s‚m‚y‚e p‚hAec‚w‚A& krv‚An‚Ig‚AeTv‚M‚ krv‚I;

� CAp‚rA&n‚A& p‚e¹s‚ ¾tA& krv‚A& jeW‚I l‚g‚Adv‚A m‚Ate K‚rA

onukæm‚m‚A& im‚èiî‚èw‚ p‚e¹s‚ b‚n‚e;� oev‚A& sug‚m‚w‚An‚A& sW‚LAe g‚AeTv‚v‚A& ke je kAm‚ krv‚An‚I

isW‚èiw‚è m‚Ate s‚g‚v‚d B‚y‚A„ hAey‚; on‚e � l‚Aeid&èg‚ b‚eyJn‚Ae pUrAe zp‚y‚Aeg‚ krv‚Ae.

CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&nn‚‚II kkAAeerrWW‚‚II pp‚‚ddvvuu&&

Áy‚Are p‚M‚ CAp‚rA&n‚I Prw‚e kAm‚ m‚Ate 2 m‚Itr suF‚Isug‚m‚w‚An‚I jêr hAey‚, wy‚Are s‚&pUM‚ƒ kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ (zp‚rn‚Ireql‚, tAe b‚Aedƒ on‚e v‚cc‚enu& s‚&rx‚M‚) jêrI Ce. kAernu&s‚&rx‚M‚ s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e m‚kAn‚n‚I Prw‚e oek sv‚w‚&Û‚ skePAeldW‚IoW‚v‚A Pæeqm‚ s‚AW‚e Âedel‚A ov‚rAeF‚Ae W‚kI pUé& p‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚eCe.oek sv‚w‚&Û‚ skePAeld s‚&rx‚M‚nu& v‚F‚Are s‚Aé& F‚AerM‚ on‚em‚ALK‚An‚I l‚&b‚Aq zp‚r oek s‚Aé& sug‚m‚w‚Anu& F‚AerM‚ oAp‚eCe. w‚e m‚Al‚ ¥c‚kv‚Am‚A& on‚e s‚&g›h krv‚Am‚A& p‚M‚ m‚ff kreCe.

Áy‚Are kAm‚ CAp‚rA&n‚I kAern‚I 2 m‚Itr p‚ACLW‚I krv‚Am‚A&oAv‚e on‚e kAeq kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ zp‚l‚bF‚ n‚ hAey‚, wy‚Are w‚m‚ArekAm‚n‚A iv‚èsw‚Arn‚e on‚e w‚e w‚rPn‚A m‚Ag‚A…n‚e s‚w‚w‚ ov‚rAeF‚Ae (b‚eirèoes‚ƒ)W‚I fAerv‚A Âeqoe. kdk feK‚reK‚ p‚M‚ jêrI W‚X‚e.

omuk s‚&Âeg‚Aem‚A& kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚AdI X‚ke oev‚I ÂLIhv‚e zp‚l‚bF‚ Ce.

PPAAddAAeemm‚‚AA&&WW‚‚II pp‚‚ddvvuu&&

Âe kAeq PAdAe (g‚eps‚)n‚I n‚Èkn‚A 2 m‚Itrn‚A o&w‚rm‚A& kAm‚m‚Ate sug‚m‚w‚An‚I jêr hAey‚, w‚Ae w‚en‚e oev‚A p‚fAW‚ƒW‚I DA&kv‚IÂeqoe je w‚e sW‚An‚e s‚Ájd hAey‚ on‚e oetl‚Ae m‚jbUw‚ hAey‚ke w‚e oek vy‚i¹w‚ènu& v‚jn‚ Zp‚AdI krI X‚ke. Âe oA X‚¹y‚ n‚hAey‚, w‚Ae PAdn‚I Prw‚e kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚AdAe, oW‚v‚A w‚Ae,oek Ceë‚A zp‚Ay‚ w‚rIke, PAdn‚I n‚Ic‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚I ÂLIn‚AK‚Ae.

ll‚‚AAqqnn‚‚rrnn‚‚AA&& pp‚‚ww‚‚rrAA&&((pp‚‚eenn‚‚llss‚‚))mm‚‚AA&&WW‚‚II pp‚‚ddvvuu&&

l‚Aqn‚rn‚A& p‚w‚rA&n‚e, Âe s‚Av‚ w‚e j hAey‚, w‚Ae B‚&gur g‚M‚v‚A&Âeqoe, is‚èv‚Ay‚ ke oem‚ K‚Aw‚rIW‚I puiñè oAp‚I X‚kAy‚ w‚eB‚&gur n‚W‚I.

Âe s‚&pUM‚ƒ rIw‚e s‚Ájd krel‚A& hAey‚ w‚Ae, b‚F‚A& oAkAr oAp‚el‚A& p‚w‚rA&


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(X‚Iit&èg‚)n‚e oB‚&gur w‚rIke g‚M‚Av‚A& Âeqoe. kAent¦A¹trAeoe oe ÂM‚vu&Âeqoe ke DIl‚A on‚e opUM‚ƒw‚AW‚I s‚Ájd krel‚A p‚fAW‚A…n‚e l‚IF‚e CAp‚rA&nu&b‚&F‚ArM‚ B‚&gur m‚An‚v‚Am‚A& oAv‚e Ce. oetl‚A m‚Ate, oAg‚Ln‚I kAer (l‚Iid&èg‚oedaj)nu& s‚&rx‚M‚ on‚e n‚Ic‚e s‚&pUM‚ƒ l‚g‚Adel‚I ÂLIn‚Ae s‚m‚Av‚eX‚ krIn‚e,s‚&B‚ALpUv‚ƒk iv‚èks‚Av‚el‚I kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚èoAe v‚p‚rAX‚m‚A& rhev‚I j Âeqoe.

ooAAgg‚‚LLnn‚‚II kkAAeerrmm‚‚AA&&WW‚‚II pp‚‚ddvvuu&&

w‚m‚e g‚m‚e w‚e kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚è p‚s‚&f krAe, p‚M‚ Áy‚Are p‚M‚ b‚IÈoAg‚Ln‚I kAernu& p‚w‚é& (X‚It) l‚g‚Adv‚A m‚Ate jgy‚A krv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e,wy‚Are B‚y‚jn‚k PAdAe wy‚A& hAey‚ w‚en‚I X‚¹y‚w‚A h&m‚eX‚A& hAey‚ j Ce.

oA ‘oAg‚Ln‚I (l‚Iid&èg‚)’ kAerAem‚A&W‚I p‚w‚n‚Ae otkAv‚v‚A m‚Atew‚m‚Are s‚Av‚c‚ew‚IoAe l‚ev‚I j Âeqoe. oA ikèss‚Am‚A& ÂLIoAeon‚e p‚x‚In‚A m‚ALA jev‚A skePAeild&èg‚ oe v‚Fu p‚s‚&f krv‚Al‚Ay‚k iv‚èklp‚Ae Ce. p‚M‚, Áy‚Are oA v‚Ajb‚I rIw‚e v‚hev‚Aé n‚hAey‚, wy‚Are o&k§X‚ rAK‚v‚A s‚AW‚e Âedel‚A rss‚A oW‚v‚AoAg‚Ln‚I kAer p‚As‚e kAm‚c‚l‚Az ov‚rAeF‚Ae (b‚eirèos‚ƒ) s‚AW‚es‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚A s‚Aj (s‚eqPitè hArn‚eis‚ès‚) v‚Ap‚rv‚A iv‚èS‚e w‚m‚eiv‚èc‚Ar krI X‚kAe CAe fA.w‚. t¦Aeil‚è is‚èistèms‚.

p‚w‚n‚ s‚Am‚e s‚&rx‚M‚ m‚Ate s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚I ÂLI oe v‚Fu p‚s‚&f krv‚Al‚Ay‚k rIw‚ Ce kArM‚ ke w‚e s‚Amuihèk s‚&rx‚M‚ oAp‚e Ce on‚esv‚IkAy‚ƒ s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚A& F‚AerM‚Aen‚I b‚A&y‚F‚rI m‚Ate vy‚i¹w‚èg‚w‚ v‚Ap‚rn‚Arn‚IiX‚èsw‚ zp‚r oAF‚Ar n‚W‚I rAK‚w‚I. ÂLIoAe v‚Ap‚rv‚AW‚I kAy‚ƒp‚àiw‚èoAe s‚rL b‚n‚e Ce on‚e w‚e CAp‚rA&n‚A kAm‚g‚ArAenu& on‚eb‚IÂ&oAenu&, jev‚A ke feK‚reK‚ rAK‚n‚ArAoAenu& p‚M‚, s‚&rx‚M‚ kre Ce.

Âe s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚I ÂLIoAe v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e, w‚Ae oA in‚èið‚èw‚krX‚Ae ke w‚e:

� CAp‚rA&n‚I s‚p‚AtIn‚I jem‚ b‚n‚e w‚em‚ s‚Av‚ w‚rw‚ j n‚Ic‚el‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e;

� s‚l‚Am‚w‚IW‚I s‚AW‚e l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce on‚e, Âe kAeq p‚M‚vy‚i¹w‚è w‚en‚I zp‚r p‚de, w‚Ae w‚enu& v‚jn‚ ¥c‚kI X‚ke Ce; on‚e

� l‚Ay‚kAw‚v‚ALI vy‚i¹w‚èoAe ÞArA l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce on‚efeK‚reK‚ heTL Ce.

t¦Aeil‚èn‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe oek zp‚y‚Aeg‚I zp‚krM‚ Ce, p‚M‚ G‚M‚A&kArM‚AeW‚I v‚hev‚Aé n‚W‚I oW‚v‚A b‚F‚A& CAp‚rA&oAe m‚Ate y‚Aegy‚n‚W‚I, fA.w‚. Áy‚Are wy‚A& ihèps‚ oW‚v‚A dAem‚ƒs‚ƒ hAey‚. y‚AfrAK‚Ae ke oAv‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& on‚e K‚s‚edv‚Am‚A&g‚M‚n‚Ap‚AÛ‚ ÂeK‚m‚Ae hAeq X‚ke Ce.


12

ooAAkk©©iiww‚‚èè 7 p‚w‚rA& l‚g‚Adw‚A& p‚hel‚A& s‚l‚Am‚w‚In‚I ÂLIoAe l‚g‚Adv‚I. oe n‚Ae´F‚Ae ke ÂLIn‚e CAp‚rA&n‚I w‚rw‚ j n‚Ic‚e l‚g‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚I Ce jeW‚I

kAeq p‚M‚ p‚w‚n‚ W‚Ay‚ w‚Ae w‚enu& o&w‚r s‚AEW‚I oAe½& hAey‚.

Âe t¦Aeil‚èn‚I p‚àiw‚èoAe v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e, w‚Ae ib‚èn‚jêrIÂeK‚m‚Ae tALv‚A m‚Ate kAy‚ƒ p‚àiw‚èn‚e s‚&B‚ALpUv‚ƒk iv‚èc‚Arv‚IÂeqoe, fA.w‚. kAm‚g‚ArAe t¦Aeil‚èn‚e K‚s‚eday‚A p‚CI, n‚v‚I b‚n‚el‚IPAd zp‚r p‚g‚l‚A& B‚y‚Aƒ iv‚èn‚A, w‚en‚e s‚Ájd b‚es‚AdI X‚ke Ce ken‚hI´?

Áy‚Are oAg‚Ln‚I kAer oAg‚L v‚F‚e, wy‚Are je PAdAe p‚efA W‚Ay‚,w‚em‚A&W‚I p‚dI jv‚An‚I X‚¹y‚w‚AoAen‚e s‚AEW‚I oAeCI krv‚A m‚Ateb‚IÂ& p‚g‚l‚A& l‚ev‚Ay‚ w‚e in‚èið‚èw‚ krX‚Ae.

Âe hArn‚eis‚ès‚ on‚e rin‚&èg‚ l‚Aqn‚ is‚èistèms‚ v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e,w‚Ae in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke w‚e:

� w‚en‚e pUrw‚A oenkrej p‚Aeqntn‚I s‚AW‚e s‚Ájdjkdv‚Am‚A& oAvy‚A Ce (s‚Am‚Any‚ rIw‚e t¦Aeil‚è g‚Adƒ reqls‚pUrw‚A m‚jbUw‚ n‚W‚I);

� w‚e v‚Ap‚rn‚Ar m‚Ate y‚Aegy‚ Ce on‚e s‚ArI hAl‚w‚m‚A& Ce;� w‚e K‚reK‚r on‚e y‚Aegy‚ rIw‚e v‚p‚rAy‚ Ce - oA in‚èið‚èw‚

krv‚Am‚A& s‚K‚w‚ iX‚èsw‚n‚I jêr Ce; on‚e� rin‚&èg‚ l‚Aqn‚ on‚e hAn‚…s‚n‚Ae sum‚eL Ce.

nn‚‚IIcc‚‚ee pp‚‚ddww‚‚AA pp‚‚ffAAWW‚‚AA……

Áy‚Are kAm‚nu& sW‚L b‚&F‚ hAey‚, wy‚Are CAp‚rA& zp‚r m‚Al‚ p‚ACLmUkI jv‚Anu& b‚n‚I X‚ke w‚Ae tALAe, K‚As‚ krIn‚e X‚n‚I-riv‚èm‚A&on‚e rÂoAen‚A g‚ALAm‚A&. Âe m‚Al‚ CAp‚rA&oAe zp‚r mUkIfev‚Ay‚Ae hAey‚, w‚Ae in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke w‚e p‚v‚n‚v‚ALA hv‚Am‚An‚m‚A&ZdI n‚ Ây‚.

in‚èið‚èw‚ krAe ke CAp‚rA&n‚I Prw‚e tAe b‚AedaJƒ TekAM‚e mUkAy‚A Ce.

CAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚n‚I n‚Ic‚en‚A iv‚èsw‚Arm‚A& b‚IÂ F‚&F‚AfArIoAen‚Isug‚m‚w‚An‚e kAbUm‚A& rAK‚Ae, is‚èv‚Ay‚ ke s‚&rx‚M‚, jev‚I kes‚&rx‚M‚n‚I ÂLI purI p‚Adv‚Am‚A& oAv‚I hAey‚, je iinn‚‚èèiiðð‚‚èèww‚‚ kreke kAeq p‚M‚ n‚Ic‚e kAm‚ krn‚Ar s‚&rix‚èw‚ Ce.

hhAAWW‚‚kkAAmm‚‚

kD&g‚A oAkArn‚A p‚w‚rA& hAW‚ F‚rv‚A& oe CAp‚rA&n‚A kAm‚g‚ArAem‚Ate oek K‚As‚ muXkel‚I Ce on‚e w‚en‚AW‚I p‚ITn‚I qÂoAe W‚qX‚ke Ce jen‚e kArM‚e Èv‚n‚B‚r f§K‚Av‚Ae on‚e op‚&g‚w‚A p‚efAW‚q X‚ke Ce. p‚hel‚Ae s‚v‚Al‚ oe pUCv‚An‚Ae Ce ke ‘oe b‚Aejn‚ehAW‚m‚A& l‚ev‚An‚I jrA p‚M‚ jêr Ce ?’ oe iv‚èc‚ArAe kem‚Al‚n‚e hAW‚W‚I ¥c‚kv‚An‚e, F‚kel‚v‚An‚e oW‚v‚A K‚e´c‚v‚An‚e, b‚fl‚e,kæeqn‚W‚I oW‚v‚A hAeqstW‚I, s‚IF‚Ae zp‚y‚Aeg‚n‚A sW‚Le p‚hAe´c‚AdIX‚kAy‚ ke n‚hI´. G‚M‚I v‚Ar oA jêrI hAey‚ Ce kArM‚ kem‚Ak…tn‚A& omuk m‚AetA& p‚w‚rA& oem‚n‚A v‚jn‚n‚e kArM‚e hAW‚ n‚j F‚rv‚A& Âeqoe.

Áy‚Are hAW‚kAm‚n‚e n‚ tALI X‚kAy‚, wy‚Are oev‚I p‚àiw‚èoAefAK‚l‚ krAe ke je hAW‚kAm‚n‚e s‚helu& b‚n‚Av‚e. kAm‚g‚ArAen‚e w‚em‚n‚eje b‚Aej Zp‚Adv‚An‚Ae hAey‚ w‚en‚A v‚jn‚ iv‚èS‚e m‚Aihèw‚I pUrIp‚AdAe. hAW‚kAm‚ m‚Ate c‚Ar jM‚AW‚I v‚F‚Arenu& ÄW‚ s‚l‚AhB‚yu„n‚W‚I kArM‚ ke ÄW‚n‚A s‚By‚Aen‚e sus‚&g‚w‚ rAK‚v‚A muXkel‚ Ce.

ss‚‚pp‚‚AAtt CCAApp‚‚rrAA&& zzpp‚‚rr kkAAmm‚‚ kkrrvvuu&&

s‚p‚At CAp‚rA& zp‚r kAm‚ krvu& b‚h§ ÂeK‚m‚B‚yu„ Ce. l‚AekAe oArIw‚e p‚dI X‚ke Ce:

� p‚w‚Av‚I fIF‚el‚A CAp‚rAn‚I kAer p‚As‚eW‚I; � je kAer zp‚r Áy‚A& kAm‚ W‚q røu& hAey‚ wy‚A&W‚I;� PAdAe oW‚v‚A w‚dAem‚A&W‚I.


s‚p‚At CAp‚rA& zp‚r m‚AetA B‚Ag‚n‚A& kAm‚Ae m‚Ate, is‚èv‚Ay‚ keCAp‚rAn‚I p‚ALI oev‚I j s‚l‚Am‚w‚I purI p‚Ade, kAm‚c‚l‚Az kAernu&s‚&rx‚M‚ jêrI b‚n‚X‚e. CAp‚rAn‚I kAer on‚e w‚em‚A&n‚I kAeq p‚M‚PAd, b‚á‚enu& s‚&rx‚M‚ krvu& p‚dX‚e. w‚em‚n‚I Prw‚e kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚n‚AK‚v‚A krw‚A& G‚M‚I v‚Ar PAdAe zp‚r s‚l‚Am‚w‚ DA&kM‚ l‚g‚Advu& oev‚F‚Are y‚Aegy‚ b‚n‚X‚e. kAeq p‚M‚ s‚&rx‚M‚ oAm‚ hAevu& Âeqoe:

� kAm‚n‚I X‚êoAw‚W‚I o&w‚ suF‚I b‚rAb‚r sW‚Le b‚es‚Adelu&hAey‚; on‚e

� w‚en‚I zp‚r p‚dw‚A l‚AekAe on‚e m‚Al‚n‚e Zp‚AdI X‚ke.


13

Áy‚A& b‚n‚I X‚ke wy‚A& kAern‚A s‚&rx‚M‚n‚A tekA jm‚In‚n‚Is‚p‚AtIoe hAev‚A Âeqoe, fA.w‚. skePAeldn‚A W‚A&B‚l‚AW‚I, jeW‚ICAp‚rA zp‚r kAeq iv‚èGn‚ n‚ hAey‚. Âe oA m‚Ate m‚kAn‚ b‚h§¥cu& hAey‚, w‚Ae CAp‚rAn‚I kAernu& op‚stend kAern‚A s‚&rx‚M‚n‚etekAe oAp‚I X‚ke Ce, ke Âe w‚e pUrwu& m‚jbUw‚ hAey‚. kAern‚As‚&rx‚M‚n‚Ae tekAe CAp‚rA zp‚r Pæeqms‚, kAzntrv‚eqtas‚ oW‚v‚AskePAeild&èg‚W‚I W‚q X‚ke Ce. s‚&rx‚M‚ h&m‚eX‚A& b‚rAb‚r w‚en‚A sW‚Leb‚es‚Adelu& hAevu& Âeqoe. g‚A‹dèg‚n‚I is‚èistèm‚Ae G‚M‚A& sW‚Lezp‚l‚bF‚ Ce ke jen‚AW‚I g‚Adƒ reql‚n‚e kADI n‚AKy‚A iv‚èn‚ACAp‚rA&n‚A& kAm‚Ae krI X‚kAy‚.

ss‚‚ll‚‚AAmm‚‚ww‚‚ iivv‚‚èèssww‚‚AArrAAeenn‚‚II hhff mmuukkrrrr kkrrvv‚‚II

Âe m‚AetA& CAp‚rA& zp‚r m‚y‚Aƒifèw‚ kAm‚ m‚Ate kAeqn‚e Kuë‚I kAern‚I2 m‚ItrW‚I v‚Fu n‚Èk jv‚An‚I jêr n‚ hAey‚, w‚Ae s‚&pUM‚ƒkAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ kfAc‚ jêrI n‚ hAey‚. oAv‚A ikèss‚AoAem‚A& hfmukrr krel‚A iv‚èsw‚ArAe n‚»I krI X‚kAy‚ Ce ke jen‚I b‚hAr,kAm‚ frim‚èy‚An‚ oW‚v‚A w‚en‚I sug‚m‚w‚A m‚At,e kAeq p‚M‚ n‚ Ây‚.hf mukrr krel‚A iv‚èsw‚ArAe oAm‚ hAev‚A Âeqoe:

� oev‚A iv‚èsw‚ArAe m‚Ate m‚y‚Aƒifèw‚ hAey‚ ke jem‚A&W‚I kAeq p‚M‚n‚ p‚dI X‚ke;

� oek s‚L&g‚ ov‚rAeF‚ ÞArA fX‚Aƒv‚el‚ (s‚&pUM‚ƒ kAernu&s‚&rx‚M‚ jêrI n‚W‚I p‚M‚ oek r&g‚el‚I l‚ItI oW‚v‚A kp‚d§&oe pUrw‚A& n‚W‚I); on‚e

� s‚K‚w‚ feK‚reK‚n‚e p‚AÛ‚ jeW‚I in‚èið‚èw‚ W‚q X‚ke ke kAeqp‚M‚ w‚en‚I b‚hAr n‚ Ây‚ (Âe oA F‚AerM‚ p›Aâ‚ n‚ W‚yu&hAey‚, w‚Ae hf mukrr krel‚A iv‚èsw‚ArAe sv‚IkAy‚ƒ n‚W‚I).

ss‚‚pp‚‚AAtt CCAApp‚‚rrAA&& zzpp‚‚rr tt¨&&kkAA gg‚‚AALLAAnnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚

‘t¨kA g‚ALAnu&’ oetl‚e omuk im‚èin‚ètAe m‚Ate, kl‚AkAe m‚Ate n‚hI´.oAm‚A& s‚Am‚el‚ Ce oev‚A& kAm‚Ae ke jem‚A& t¨&kA& in‚èrIx‚M‚ oW‚v‚An‚An‚A PerPArAe hAey‚. tt¨&&kkAA ss‚‚mm‚‚yy‚‚nnuu&& hhAAeeyy‚‚ ww‚‚AAee pp‚‚MM‚‚ ss‚‚pp‚‚AAtt CCAApp‚‚rrAA&&zzpp‚‚rrnnuu&& kkAAmm‚‚ BB‚‚yy‚‚jjnn‚‚kk CCee.. yy‚‚AAeeggyy‚‚ ss‚‚ll‚‚AAmm‚‚ww‚‚IInn‚‚AA&& pp‚‚gg‚‚ll‚‚AA&& ooAAvv‚‚XXyy‚‚kkCCee..

t¨&kA g‚ALAn‚A& kAm‚ m‚Ate kAernu& s‚&rx‚M‚ pUé& p‚Advu& oe v‚Ajb‚IrIw‚e v‚hev‚Aé kfAc‚ n‚ hAeq X‚ke. kAeq CAp‚rA zp‚r t¨&kAg‚ALAn‚A kAm‚ m‚Ate oAeCAm‚A& oAeCI jêirèy‚Aw‚Ae oA Ce:

� CAp‚rAn‚I s‚p‚AtI zp‚r s‚l‚Am‚w‚ sug‚m‚w‚A ; on‚e� CAp‚rA zp‚r kAm‚ krv‚A m‚Ate oek s‚l‚Am‚w‚ rIw‚ -

oek pUrw‚I t¨&kI fAerdIv‚ALI hArn‚es‚ ke je p‚hern‚Arn‚eoev‚A TekAM‚e jw‚A& otkAv‚e ke Áy‚A&W‚I w‚e p‚dI X‚ke on‚eje oek l‚&g‚r s‚AW‚e jdel‚I hAey‚.

èÁy‚Are s‚eqPitè hArn‚eis‚ès‚ v‚Ap‚rv‚Am‚A& oAv‚e, wy‚Are w‚e hAev‚IÂeqoe:

� v‚Ap‚rn‚Ar m‚Ate y‚Aegy‚ on‚e s‚ArI isW‚èiw‚èm‚A&; � pUrw‚I m‚jbUw‚Aqv‚ALI on‚e oek l‚&g‚rn‚A sW‚Le s‚Ájd

jdel‚I; on‚e� K‚reK‚r v‚p‚rAy‚ - oA in‚èið‚èw‚ krv‚A m‚Ate s‚K‚w‚

s‚&c‚Al‚n‚n‚I iX‚èsw‚n‚I jêr p‚dX‚e.


14

vv‚‚FFuu vv‚‚AAcc‚‚nn‚‚

Managing health and safety in construction.Construction (Design and Management) Regulations2007. Approved Code of Practice L144 HSE Books2007 ISBN 978 0 7176 6223 4

Health and safety in roof work HSG33 (Û‚IÈ oAvOiÙ‚è)HSE Books 2008 ISBN 978 0 7176 6250 0

Health and safety in construction HSG150 (Û‚IÈoAvOiÙ‚è) HSE Books 2006 ISBN 978 0 7176 6182 4


15

vv‚‚FFuu mm‚‚AAiihhèèww‚‚II

oec‚oes‚qn‚A& fAm‚v‚ALA& on‚e m‚Pw‚ p›kAX‚n‚Ae oec‚oes‚qbU¹s‚, ip‚èoAe b‚Ae¹s‚ 1999, s‚db‚irè, s‚Pk CO10 2WAteil‚è: 01787 881165 Pex‚: 01787 313995 v‚eb‚s‚Aqt:www.hsebooks.co.uk zp‚rW‚I m‚eql‚ oAedƒrW‚I zp‚l‚bF‚ Ce(oec‚oes‚qn‚A& fAm‚v‚ALA& on‚e m‚Pw‚ p›kAX‚n‚Ae bUkX‚Aeps‚m‚A&W‚Izp‚l‚bF‚ Ce on‚e m‚Pw‚ p‚iÛ‚èkAoAe oec‚oes‚qn‚I v‚eb‚s‚Aqt:www.hse.gov.uk zp‚rW‚I zp‚l‚bF‚ Ce.)

sv‚AsWy‚ on‚e s‚l‚Am‚w‚I (helW‚ oend s‚eqPitè)n‚I v‚Fu m‚Aihèw‚IohI´ m‚LX‚e: oec‚oes‚qn‚I QnPAel‚Aqn‚ teil‚è: 0845 3450055 Pex‚: 0845 408 9566 textPAen‚: 0845 408 9577Q-m‚eql‚: [email protected] oW‚v‚A ohI´ l‚K‚Ae:HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park,Caerphilly CF83 3GG.

ooAA pp‚‚iiÛÛ‚‚èèkkAAmm‚‚AA&& ss‚‚AArrII kkAAyy‚‚ƒƒnn‚‚IIiiww‚‚èènn‚‚II nn‚‚AAee´FF‚‚AAee CCee kkee jjee PPrriijjèèyy‚‚AAww‚‚nn‚‚WW‚‚II pp‚‚MM‚‚ jjee ww‚‚mm‚‚AArree XXuu&& kkrrvvuu&& ÂÂeeqqooee ww‚‚ee iivv‚‚èècc‚‚AArrvv‚‚AAmm‚‚AA&& kkffAAcc‚‚ww‚‚mm‚‚nn‚‚ee mm‚‚ffffêêpp‚‚ bb‚‚nn‚‚II XX‚‚kkee CCee..

oA p‚iÛ‚èkA fAm‚v‚ALA 10 n‚A p‚e¹s‚m‚A& oec‚oes‚q bU¹s‚,ISBN 978 0 7176 6288 3 m‚A&W‚I zp‚l‚bF‚ Ce. m‚Pw‚ oek jn‚kl‚Ae on‚e oek v‚eb‚n‚I oAvOiÙ‚è ohI´W‚I m‚LI X‚ke Ce:www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg284.pdf.

© kAzæn‚ kAeip‚èrAqt oA p›kAX‚n‚n‚I n‚kl‚ m‚Pw‚m‚A& b‚n‚Av‚IX‚kAe CAe, is‚èv‚Ay‚ ke w‚e ÂherK‚b‚r, b‚A&y‚F‚rI oW‚v‚Avy‚Ap‚Arn‚A hewuoAe m‚Ate hAey‚. p‚helu& muÝM‚ 12/08. k©p‚A krIn‚eoec‚oes‚qn‚e mUL w‚rIke sv‚IkArX‚Ae.

Safe working with bales in agriculture

16

Health and SafetyExecutive

helW‚ oend s‚eqPitè oegJe¹yUitèv‚ ÞArA muiÝèw‚ on‚e p›kAiX‚èw‚ INDG284G(rev1) 12/08

health and safety executive cap‚ra& zp‚r kam‚ krvu& · cap‚ra& zp‚r kam‚...

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