Health Benefits of Physical Activity

Chapters 11 and 12,

pages 66 – 67, and page 181

Lecture Objectives1. Define the term hypokinetic.

2. Explain the cyclical effect of decreasing one’s level of physical activity.

3. Identify and explain four hypokinetic conditions.

4. List and describe:a. The six controllable and four uncontrollable risk factors

for cardiovascular disease.b. The seven major warning signs for cancer.

5. Explain how exercise can treat or prevent each hypokinetic condition.

6. Describe other methods (not exercise) of preventing or treating hypokinetic conditions.

Past vs. Present

Change in life expectancy

Causes of death

What do you think our future will be like?

Sources Contributing to Early Death Today

LIFESTYLELIFESTYLE HEREDITYHEREDITY

HEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT~¼ of all deaths~¼ of all deaths

~10% of unnecessary deaths~10% of unnecessary deaths

More than halfMore than half

~16% of all health ~16% of all health problems including problems including early deathearly death

What is the #1 What is the #1 cause of avoidable cause of avoidable mortality in the mortality in the U.S.?U.S.?

Physical ActivityAffecting Life NOW

Performance of Daily Activities

Back problems

Mental health

Obesity

Aging (compression)

Decrease inDecrease in

Physical ActivityPhysical Activity

Physical and MentalPhysical and Mental DeteriorationDeterioration

NegativeNegative

Self-PerceptionsSelf-Perceptions

Lose MotivationLose Motivation

Cyclical Effect

Physical ActivityAffecting Life in the FUTURE

Hypokinetic Conditions

Cardiovascular Disease

Diabetes

Cancer

Osteoporosis

Leading Causes of Death

Heart disease

Cancer

Stroke

Respiratory diseases

Injuries

Diabetes

Hypertension

Other

According to the American Heart Association,

approximately 42% of the population will die from a form of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Disease

CONTROLLABE

Sedentary Lifestyle

Hypertension

High Cholesterol

Tobacco Use

Diabetes

Obesity

UNCONTROLLABE

Family History

Aging

Gender

Ethnicity

Diabetes Mellitus Type I (juvenile onset, insulin-dependent)

– Pancreas fails to produce insulin– Usual onset before age 30– About 5% of all diabetics are Type I

Type II (non-insulin dependent)

– Once called adult onset, but there has been a rise in the prevalence in children

– Lack of sensitivity to insulin and/or not enough insulin

– Often caused by obesity– ~95% of diabetics are Type II

Activity Reduces Risk of Diabetes

Type I (non-hypokinetic)– Reduces disease risk – Increases quality of life

Type II (hypokinetic)– Decrease insulin resistance– Improve insulin sensitivity– Improved ability to clear sugar from blood– Reduced fatness

Cancer Cases and Deaths

Seven Major Warning Signs of Cancer

Percentage of All Cancer Deaths Linked to Risk Factors

Body Composition and Cancer Mortality

Osteoporosis Progressive loss of bone mineral density

Occurs commonly in old age

Occurs at an earlier age and more frequently in women than men

Factors associated with osteoporosis:

– Physical inactivity

– Loss of sex hormones

– Low calcium levels

– High protein intake

– Smoking

– Caffeine

What factors that affect

hypokinetic conditions

are uncontrollable?

What factors that affect

hypokinetic conditions

are controllable?

What can we do to

prevent hypokinetic

conditions?

What can we do to improve hypokinetic conditions once they occur?

Lecture Summary1. Define the term hypokinetic.

2. Explain the cyclical effect of decreasing one’s level of physical activity.

3. Identify and explain four hypokinetic conditions.

4. List and describe:a. The six controllable and four uncontrollable risk factors

for cardiovascular disease.b. The seven major warning signs for cancer.

5. Explain how exercise can treat or prevent each hypokinetic condition.

6. Describe other methods (not exercise) of preventing or treating hypokinetic conditions.