health care agencies and their roles
TRANSCRIPT
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HEALTH CARE AGENCIES
& THEIR ROLES
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WHO
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Objectives of WHO
Main Objective:
“the attainment by all peoples of the
highest level of health”which is set out in
the preamble of the constitution.
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Objectives in the Preamble of
WHO: Complete state of physical,mental and social
well being
No discrimination in path of attainment of highest standard of health.
Good Health is for attainment of peace and security.
Good health is valued to all
Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all the countries
Extension to all people of the benefits of medical, psychological and related knowledge.
Informed opinion and active co-operation
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Membership in WHO
Open to all countries.
Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO.
Territories which are not responsible for the conduct of their relations may be admitted as Associate members.Associate members participate without vote in deliberations of the WHO.
Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is entitled to the services and aid the organization can provide.
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WORK OF WHO
Prevention and control of specific
diseases
Development of Comprehensive
services
Family health Bio-Medical Research
Health Statistics
Environmental Health
Health literature and information
Co-operation with other
organisation
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STRUCTURE
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The World Healh Assembly
Supreme governing body and the health parliament
Of nations.
• Annual meeting-May,Venue-Geneva
• It is composed of Delegates from different respective
countries and each is given the power of one vote.
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Functions
International health policy and programmes
Review the work of the past year.
Approve the budget of the following year.
Approve the budget needed for the
following year.
Elect Member states to designate a person
to serve for three years on the executive
board and to replace the retiring members
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The Executive Board
It has18 members which had been incremented to 31 members by the health assembly.
Members to be technically qualified in the field of health
Designated by their respective governments, but do not represent their respective governments.
One third of the membership is renewed every year is renewed every year.
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The Executive Board
Executive board meets every year in the
month of January and May after the
meeting of the World Health Assembly.
The main work of the board is to give
affect to the decisions and policies of the
assembly
Emeregent and immediate action in
epidemics,earthquakes
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The Secretriat
Headed by the Director General
Function:
To provide member states with technical
and managerial support for their national
development programmes.
There are 5 Assistant Director Generals
who are assigned different tasks by the
Director General.
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Divisions of Director Secretriat
Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and trend adjustment.
Division of communicable diseases.
Division of vector biology and control
Division of environmental health
Division of public information and education for health division of public information for health
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Divisions of Director Secretriat
Division of mental health
Division of diagnostic,therapeutic and
rehabilitative technology.
Division of strenghthening of health
services.
Division of family health
Division of non-communicable diseases
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Divisions of Director Secretriat
Division of health-manpower
development
Division of information systems support
Division of personnel and general
services
Division of budget and finance
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WHO REGIONAL CENTRES
SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi(India)
Africa-Harare(Zimbab
we)
Americas-Washington D.C(U.S.A)
Europe-Copenhagen(Denma
r)
Western Pacific Manila(Philippin
es)
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Regional offices
The regional offices each are headed by a regional Director, assisted by technical and administrative officers, and members of the secretariat.
There is a regional composed of representative of member states in the region
Regional committees meet once in a year.
Regional plans are amalgamated into overall plans by the Director General of the WHO.
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The South-East Asia
Region(SEARO)-WHO
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Indonesia
Korea(Democratic people’s Republiv)
Maldives Islands
Myanmar
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Thailand
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WHO activities of SEARO
Malaria eradication
Tuberculosis control
Control of other communicable diseases
Health laboratory services and other
communicable diseases
Health statistics
Maternal and child health
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WHO activities in SEARO
Nursing
Health education
Nutrition
Mental health
Dental health
Medical rehabilitation
Quality control of drugs and medical
education
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UNICEF
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UNICEF
Specialised agency of the United Nations.
Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in war ravaged countries
Headquarters-New York
Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO
Provides asisstance in varied fields of MCH and envt.sanitation.
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The Executive Board-UNICEF
It is the Governing Body of the UNICEF
Intergovernmental support
Supervision activities of UNICEF
Board meets 3 times a year i.e in
January,June and September.
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Role of the Executive Board
Implementation of the Policies
Receive information and guidance from Executive Director
Ensure all the activities and operational strategies of UNICEF are consistent
Monitor the performance of UNICEF
Approve programmes
Decide on administrative and financial plans and budgets
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Role of the Executive Board
Recommend new initiatives to the
Council
Encourage and examine new
programme initiatives
Submit annual reports to the Council in
its substantive session
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MEMBERSHIP
The Board has 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats:
8 African States
7 Asian States
4 Eastern European States
5 Latin American and Caribbean States
12 Western European
Other States (including Japan)
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BOARD ADMINISTRATION
The officers of the Board are elected by the Board at its first regular session of each calendar year from among Board members.
There are five officers—the President,four Vice-Presidents—representing the five regional groups at the United Nations. Officers of the Board are elected for a one-year term.
The Board year runs from 1 January to 31 December.
The Economic and Social Council elects States to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board from States Members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
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BOARD ADMINISTRATION
Board sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York.
All formal meetings of the Board are interpreted in the six official languages of the United Nations (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian).
The Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board (OSEB) is responsible for maintaining effective relationship between the Board and the UNICEF secretariat.
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FUNDING
Funding is derived voluntarily from
governmental and non-governmental
organisations.
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Services provided by UNICEF
Child health
Child nutrition
Family health and child welfare
Education(Formal and non-formal)
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UNDP
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UNDP Established in the year 1966
To help poorer nations develop their
human and natural resources more fully.
The UNDP projects cover virtually every
economic and social sector-
agriculture,industry,education and
science,health,social welfare.
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UNDP’S activities:
UNDP's network links and coordinates global
and national efforts to reach these Goals.
Their focus is helping countries build and
share solutions to the challenges of:
Democratic Governance
Poverty Reduction
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Environment and Energy
HIV/AIDS
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FAO
The food and agriculture
organization(FAO) was formed in the
year 1945 with headquarters in Rome
It was United Nations organization
specialized agency created to look after
several areas of world co-operation.
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AIMS OF FAO
The chief aims of FAO are as follows;
1)to help nations raise living standards.
2)to improve the nutritional status of people of
all countries.
3)to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry
and fisheries.
4)to better the condition of rural people and
better the opportunity of productive work
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Activities of FAO
1)Putting information within reach
2)Sharing policy expertise
3)Providing a meeting place
4)Bringing knowledge to the field
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ILO
The Internationaal labor Organisation was
established in the year 1919.
The purposes of ILO are as follows:
1) To contribute to the establishment of
lasting peace by promoting social justice.
2) To improve through international action
,labor conditions, and living standards.
3) To improve economic and social stability
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ILO
The international labour code is a
collection of international minimum
standards related to health,welfare,living
and working conditions of workers all
over the world.
Headquarters at Geneva,Switzerland.
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USAID
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USAID
USAID
The US government extends aid to India
through three agencies:
1)United agency for International
development
2)the public law 480 programme
3)the US import bank.
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ACTIVITIES OF USAID
The US government is assisting in a number of projects designed to improve the health of Indian people.
1)Malaria eradication
2)Medical education
3)Nursing education
4)Health education
5)Water supply and sanitation
6)Control of communicable diseases
7)Nutrition
8)Family planning
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NON-GOVERNMENTAL
AGENCIES
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ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION
Rockfeller foundation is a philanthropic
organization chartered in 1913 and
endowed by Mr.John .D Rockfeller.
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Activities
Training of competent teachers and research workers
Training abroad of candidates from India through fellowships and travel grants.
Sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical specialists from the USA.
Providing grants in aid to selected institutions.
Development of medical libraries,population studies, assistance to research projects and institutions, (eg.National institute of virology at Pune).
Directing support to the improvement of agriculture, family planning and rural training centres as well as to medical education.
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The Ford Foundation
The Ford foundation has been active in the development of rural
health services and family planning.
The ford foundation has helped in the following projects:
1)Orientation training centres at Singoor,Poonamallaietc
2)Research cum action projects.
3)Pilot project in rural
healthservices,Gandhigram(tamilnadu)
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Activities
4)Establishment of NIHAE
5)Calcutta water supply and drainage
Scheme
6)Ford foundation Supports Family
planning for research in reproductive
biology.
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International Red Cross
The red cross is a non-political and non-
official international humanitarian
organization
The first Geneva convention took place
in 1864 and a treaty was signed for the
relief of the wounded and sick of the
armies in the field.Thus came into being
the International committee of red
cross(ICRC).
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Roles
Role of Red cross:
1)It was largely confined to the victims of
the war.
2)mainly it tries to involve itself into
activities like first aid in case of war like
situations,mch services
3)lately it has tried to extend it’s research
in Disaster management and has
designed emergency protocols.
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CARE
The abbreviation when extended is “Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere” last founded in North America in the wake of the second world war in the year 1945.
It is on of the world’s largest independent,non-profit,non-sectarian international relief and development organistaion.CARE provides enmergencyaid and long term development assistance.
Operation in India in 1950
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Activities
CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in developments of programmes in areas of health and income supplementation.
It is helping in the following projects:Integrated nutrition and health projects, better health and nutrition projects,anemia control project,improving women’s health projects,improved health care for adoloscent’s girls projects, child survival projects, Improving women’s reproductive health and family spacing project,Konkanintegrated development project.
CARE-India works in partnership with the government of india, state Government, NGO’s etc.Currently it has projects in Andhrapradesh,Bihar,MP,Maharashtra,Orissaand UP and West-Bengal.
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Indian Red Cross Society
Indian Red Cross Society Indian Red cross society was Constituted under an Act of Indian Legislative council in 1920
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Organisation
The National Headquarters of the
Society is located at 1 Red Cross Road,
New Delhi.
Recognised by the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on
28th February 1929, it was affiliated with
the International Federation of the Red
Cross & Red Crescent Societies
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Structure
National level-the management of affairs of the Society rests with the Managing Body comprising of members elected by the Branch Committee, and members, including a Chairman, nominated by the President of the Society.
The Managing Body elects a Vice Chairman from among themselves and appoints with the approval of the President of the Society a Treasurer and a Secretary General.
The Secretary General is the Chief Executive.
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Activities
Relief work during floods, famine, earthquake, epidemic etc.
Training health visitors, nurses, dais and public health education
Cooperation with the St. John Ambulance Association in the training of men and women in First Aid, Home Nursing etc.
Running a Home at Bangalore for disabled Ex-servicemen
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Activities
Welfare services in military hospitals
Medical after-care of ex-service
personnel
Maternity & Child Welfare
Junior Red Cross
Voluntary Blood Donation
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Current Trends
The Millenium Development Goals 2008:
The eight Millennium Development Goals
have been adopted by the international
community as a framework for the
development activities of over 190 countries
in ten regions which was implemented by the
United Nations.
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The 8 MDG’s
Goal 1: Eradicate poverty and Hunger
Target: Halve,between 1990 and2015,the
proportion of whose income is less than
1$ per day.
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The MDG’s
Goal 2:Achieve universal primary
education.
Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children
everywhere, boysand girls alike, will be
able to complete a full course of primary
schooling.
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The MDG’s
Goal 3:Promote gender equality and
Empower women
Target:Eliminate gender disparity in
primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and in all levels of
education no later than 2015.
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The MDG’s
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Target: Reduce by 2/3rds between 1990 and
2015, the under five mortality rate.
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The MDG’s
Goal 5:Improve maternal health
Target: Reduce by three quarters 1990
and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.
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The MDG’s
Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other
diseases.
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to
reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
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The MDG’s
Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other
diseases.
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to
reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
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The MDG’s
Goal 7: Ensure environmental stability
Target: Integrate the principles of
sustainable development into country
policies and programmes and reverse the
loss of environmental resources.
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The MDG’s
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for
development
Target: Develop further an open, rule-
based, predictable,non-discriminatory
trading and financial system.
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Bibliography
Park.K. Textbook of preventive and social medicine..19th ed. Jabalpur:BanarasidasBhanot Publishers;2007. p.762-68.
www.who.org\WHO The role of WHO in public health.htm
www.UNAID\About UNAIDS.htm
www.Rockfeller\The Rockefeller Foundation - About Us.htm
www.UNICEF\UNICEF - UNICEF Executive Board - About the Executive Board.html
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THANK YOUwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in