health, performance, and carcass characteristics of pen-fed vs. pasture-raised meat goats
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HEALTH, PERFORMANCE, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PEN-FED VS. PASTURE-RAISED MEAT GOATS
Susan Schoenian1, Jeff Semler1, David Gordon1, Mary Beth Bennett2, and Dahlia O’Brien3
1University of Maryland, 2West Virginia University, 3Virginia State University
![Page 2: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction• The goat industry is growing worldwide.
• Though it has stagnated in recent years, the U.S. goat industry has increased substantially in the past several decades.
• The demand for goat products is increasing due to changing demographics and immigration patterns.
• There are many challenges to raising goats profitably, including fattening (finishing) goats for market.
![Page 3: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There are substantial price differences between Selection 1, 2, and 3 slaughter kids.
1-Jan
11-Ja
n
21-Ja
n
31-Ja
n
10-Fe
b
20-Fe
b2-M
ar
12-M
ar
22-M
ar1-A
pr
11-A
pr
21-A
pr
1-May
11-M
ay
21-M
ay
31-M
ay
10-Ju
n
20-Ju
n
30-Ju
n10
-Jul
20-Ju
l
30-Ju
l
9-Aug
19-A
ug
29-A
ug8-S
ep
18-S
ep
28-S
ep8-O
ct
18-O
ct
28-O
ct
7-Nov
17-N
ov
27-N
ov7-D
ec
17-D
ec
27-D
ec75
95
115
135
155
175
195
215
235
255Prices for 32-kg kids $/head
2014 New Holland Sales Stables
Selection 1 Linear (Selection 1)
![Page 4: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nutrient requirements for 20 kg. Boer bucklings (NRC, 2007)ADG, g/d DM, kg/d DMI, % TDN, kg/d % TDN CP, g/d % CP
0 0.67 3.3 0.33 49.2 43 6.4
25 0.75 3.7 0.37 49.3 58 7.7
100 0.72 3.6 0.48 66.7 103 14.5
150 0.64 3.2 0.56 87.5 133 20.1
200 0.72 3.6 0.64 88.9 163 22.6
250 0.80 4.0 0.71 88.8 194 24.2
Higher rates-of-gain are not possible without some concentrate feeding.
![Page 5: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nutrient content of feedstuffs
Feedstuff % DM % CP % TDNEnergy concentrates 88-91 8-14 76-92
Protein concentrates 88-91 23-66 74-87
Grass hay 88-91 6-12 50-60
Legume hay 88-91 15-19 55-65
Fresh forage 24-29 14-18 61-67
![Page 6: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
University of Maryland ExtensionPen vs. Pasture Studies
2013-2014
![Page 7: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2013• 30 intact male Kiko goats
(avg. 22.3 ± 2.7) were obtained from a farm in Kansas.
• They were randomly allocated to two treatment groups.
2014• 30 intact male Kiko
bucklings (avg. 21.2 ± 3.1 kg) were obtained from a farm in New Jersey
• They were randomly allocated to two treatment groups.
![Page 8: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PEN goats were housed in a 4.9 m2 zero-grazing pen.
PASTURE goats grazed alongside bucks in the annual
Western Maryland Pasture-based Meat Goat Performance Test.
![Page 9: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pen-fed
Hay
• 2nd cuttingalfalfa-orchardgrass mix~ 1 kg per head per day
Grain
• Whole barley grain ~ 0.5 kg per head per day
![Page 10: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pasture-fed
Cool season grasses
• Orchardgrass• MaxQ™ tall fescue
Warm season forages
• Forage sorghum• Dwarf pearl millet• Sun Hemp• Cowpeas
![Page 11: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Date Forage CP DOM DOM:CP6-19 Cool 16.7 46.9 2.8
6-29 Cool 19.0 50.0 2.6
7-3 Cool 21.2 50.1 2.4
8-7 Warm 21.5 47.4 2.2
8-14 Warm 21.8 44.0 2.0
8-20 Warm 18.4 38.3 2.1
Source: Grazingland Animal Nutrition Lab
During the second half of the study (d 42), the bucks were supplemented with pelleted soybean hulls at a rate of 341 g per head per day or about 1.5% of body weight.
![Page 12: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stomach worms• Upon arrival, bucks were dewormed
with drugs from all three anthelmintic classes.
AlbendazoleValbazen @ 3 ml/23 kg
+ Moxidectin
Cydectin® 0.1% oral drench@ 2 ml/5 kg
+Levamisole
Prohibit® soluble drench (concentrated drench solution)
@ 3 ml per 23 kg.
Coccidia
• Upon arrival, goats were treated for coccidiosis for five days in their water
Sulfadimethoxine (Di-Methox)
Internal parasite protocol
![Page 13: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Body weights• FAMACHA© scores (1-5)• Body condition scores (1-5)• Coat condition scores (1-3)• Dag scores (0-5)• Fecal consistency
scores (1-4)• Fecal egg counts (EPG)• Treatments
Initial and bi-weekly data End of test data
Carcass data
• Ultrasound rib eye• Ultrasound rib fatness• USDA grade
• Hot carcass weight (HCW)• Cold carcass weight (CCW)• Dressing percentage (DP)• Rib eye area (REA)• Body wall thickness (BWT)• Leg circumference• Kidney and heart fat (KH)
weight and percentage. • Fat weight and percentage• Bone weight and percentage• Lean weight and percentage• Boneless, fat-free yield• Fatty acid composition
![Page 14: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
Body weights (kg)2013
![Page 15: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fecal egg counts (EPG)(pastures were pre-infected by sheep)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Tx = 8
Tx = 12
Tx = 3 Tx = 1
Tx = 3
2013
![Page 16: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FAMACHA© scores (1-5)
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Tx = 8
Tx = 12
Tx = 3
Tx = 1
Tx = 3Tx = all
2013
![Page 17: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Live and carcass weights
Start weight End weight Hot carcass weight Cold carcass weight0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
2013
![Page 18: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carcass percentages2013
KH fat Total fat Bone Lean Dressing Yield0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
![Page 19: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Body weights (kg)2014
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
28.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
![Page 20: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fecal egg counts (EPG)2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
![Page 21: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2014
FAMACHA© scores (1-5)
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
![Page 22: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Live and carcass weights, kg2014
LW HCW CCW0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
b
a
ab
ab
![Page 23: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Carcass percentages, %2014
KH fat Fat DP Bone Lean Yield0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
a b a
a
a
a
a
b
b b
b
b
![Page 24: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusion• Pen-feeding improved the health and performance of meat goat bucklings.
• Pen-fed goats produced heavier carcasses with a higher percentage of lean than pasture-raised goats.
• Pen-feeding added $65-$70 per head in value and was more profitable than pasture-raising in this 2-year study.
![Page 25: Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Pen-Fed vs. Pasture-Raised Meat Goats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58ed36e31a28ab2d148b462f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you for your attention. Questions?