health problems most impacted by stress
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Health Problems Most Impacted By Stress. By: Kimberly Stewart. Stress. Definition Stressors: Internal and External Simply described as the body’s reaction to any and all demands that may be placed upon it. Acute Stress Short-term Fight or Flight Response Not life threatening. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Health Problems Most Impacted
By StressBy: Kimberly Stewart
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Stress• Definition• Stressors: Internal and External
Simply described as the body’sreaction to any and all demandsthat may be placed upon it.
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Types of stress• Acute Stress
• Short-term• Fight or Flight
Response• Not life
threatening
• Chronic Stress• Constant • One must try to
suppress the Fight or Flight response
• Can be life threatening
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Stress as an ongoing problem• 1983, Time Magazine published
a cover story labeling stress as the “Epidemic of the Eighties”.
• Stress has become even more extensive today.
• Stress can lead to long-term health problems and even lead to death.
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Stress and the link to healthTHE LINK
• WHO defines health as the presence of well-being, physical, mental and social, not as the absence of disease.
• Recent research has found that stress contributes to 80% of all major illness and disease.
• Stress can cause many health problems and can affect all systems of the body.
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Pathophysiology of stress• CNS• Fight or Flight response• The “Information Superhighway”
• Limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems (LHPA)
• The information is then relayed into instructions in the form of chemical messengers: neurotransmitters known as catecholamines that trigger the physiological response such as the Acute Phase Response.
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Pathophysiology of stress• The LHPA axis represents how
stressors interact with various centers in the brain and initiate the production of various hormones• Corticotrophin-releasing hormone• Adrenocorticotrophin hormone• Glucocorticoid Hormones: the primary
stress hormone- Cortisol
•LHPA axis dysfunctions can lead to
serious problems
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Stress and your health• LHPA dysfunctions can range from
moderate to serious medical conditions.• The health problems most
impacted and researched due to stress:• Immunosuppression• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)• Hypertension• Diabetes• Metabolic Syndrome
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The immune systems response• Stress in excess will bring about GC
mediated immunosuppression mediated by proinflammatory cytokines: • interleukin-1 • interleukin-6 • Tumor necrosis factor alpha
• Decrease number of B-cells, T-cells and NK cells
• The suppressed immune system will enhance the body’s susceptibility to many diseases.
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Stress and Metabolic syndrome• Today’s Life style changes• Leading to more prevalence of
atherosclerotic vascular disease and Metabolic Syndrome
• What is Metabolic Syndrome:• Obesity, hyperinsulinemia,
dislipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and HTN.
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Stress and Diabetes• How stress affects diabetes
• The momentary and sustained regulation of blood pressure and blood glucose is regulated by the SNS
• Mental stress increases the release of catecholamines from the SNS and overtime excessive release may lead to HTN and hyperglycemia.
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Stress and CAD• Associated with a proinflammatory state,
obesity, insulin-resistance, & diabetes will increase the risk of developing CAD.
• 40-50% of patients DX with CAD have no other risk factors associated with CAD other than stress
• Traditional risk factors for CAD only account for two thirds of the cases which raises concern for the remaining one third – Psychosocial factors?
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Susceptibility to Stress• While some handle stress well,
others are greatly impacted by it’s negative affects on their mental, physical and emotional health.
• Many factors influence one’s susceptibility:• Personality traits, Genetics, Immune regulated diseases
• 2001 study reviewed by Nidus
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Stress Management• Not avoided but Managed
• Healthy Lifestyle, cognitive behavior techniques, yoga, deep breathing, and relaxation
• 2003 study Freeze Frame technique• Study results showed a decrease in
the number of employees reporting any stress symptoms dropped by 56%.
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Physiology of Mind-Body medicine• Concept of Mind-Body medicine
• Based on more than 2,000 scientific research studies in the past 25 yrs.
• Paradigm of psychoendoneruroimmunology
• New model of health care: biopsychosocial model
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Conclusion• Even with today’s biomedical
advances, our victory over disease and illness is not all from the direct result of these advances. • Research demonstrates that social and
psychological variables are linked to overall health.
• Chances of improving health care is with a new approach of patient centered care.
• Evidence proves that the stress response does play a role in our overall health and that prevention may be the best cure.
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Test to gauge how stressed you were with masters projects.
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ReferencesBalch, Phyllis A., Balch, J., The Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd Edition. www.choose-health.com/stress.html, 2005.Baker, P. The inflammatory response is an integral part of the stress response: Implications for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome X. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2003; 17: 350-364.Barnett, P., Jennings, J., Manuck, S., Spence, J. Psychological stress and the progression of carotid artery disease. Journal of Hypertension1997; 15 (1): 49-55.Blumenthal, J., Kaplan, J., Rozanski, A. Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy. Clinical Cardiology; New Frontier1999; 99: 2192-2217.ChildreD., Cryer B., McCraty R. Pull the Plug on Stress. Harvard Business
Review 2003: 102-107.Con, AH., Lenz JW., Linden, W., Individualized stress management for primaryhypertension: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161(8): 1071- 80.Hjemdahl, P. Stress and the Metabolic Syndrome: An interesting but EnigmaticAssociation. American Heart Association 2002: 106: 2634-2636.Jacobs, Gregg. The Physiology of Mind-Body Interactions: The Stress Response
and The Relaxation Response. J. of Alternative and Complementary Med 2001; 7: S83-S92.
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References Con’tLozovaya N., Miller A. Chemical Neuroimmunology: Health in A Nutshell
Bidirectional Communication between Immune and Stress (Limbic-Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Adrenal) Systems. ChemBioChem 2003; 4: 466-484.
Ray, Oakley. How the Mind Hurts and Heals the Body. American Psychologist 2004a; 59 (1): 29-40.
Ray, Oakley. The Revolutionary Health Science of Psychoendoneuroimmunology: A New Paradigm for Understanding
Health and Treating Illness. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2004b; 1032: 35-51.Scollan-Koliopoulos, Melissa. Managing Stress Response to Control Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes. The Nurse Practitioner 2005; 30 (2): 46-49.Steptoe, A., Strike, P. Psychosocial Factors in the Development of CoronaryArtery Disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2004; 26 (4): 337-347.
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Bibliography1. www.indiana.edu/~health/stress.html (accessed October 1,
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www.lifepositive.com/mind/psychology/stress/stress-and-health.asp (accessed
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www.healthdiscovery.com/centers/diabetes/ada/yourbody/stress_print.html
(accessed November 26, 2005)5. Nidus Information Services, 2001 www.reutershealth.com/wellconnected/doc31.html
(accessed November 26,2005)