health science core responder/3. class 1 - he… · curriculum • 1980 legislation mandated: –...

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: February 2008

Health Science CoreChapter 1, 2, 3, and 4

McFatter Technical Center

Emergency Medical Technician - Basic


Chapter 1 Introduction to Healthcare Facilities

and Emergency Medical Care

Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

Health Care of the Past

• Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese• Ancient treatments

– Witch doctors– Herbalists

• Use of herbs and plants for medication• Plagues caused millions of deaths• Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.)

– Father of modern medicine


History Healthcare Facilities

• 200 B.C. Buddhists in India established hospital for crippled, sick, or weary travelers.

• 1700 Hospitals were dark, overcrowded, and dirty.

• 1800 Hospitals began aseptic techniques and patient outcomes improved.

• 1890 x-ray equipment utilized.• 1900 more advancement in equipment


History of EMS

• World War I – Ambulance squads were used to provide care

• Prior to 1960s Ambulance service was different:– Hospital based – Funeral homes– Private vehicle

• 1966 publication of Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society


History of EMS

• Congress Mandates:– Highway Safety Act of 1966– Emergency Medical Act of 1973

• 1970 DOT developed National Standard Curriculum

• 1980 Legislation mandated:– Municipality provide prehospital care within

their boundaries– Standards for training personnel and required

ambulance equipment


Health Care of the Present

• Focus of health care has shifted from contagious diseases to lifestyle changes– Cancer– Drug abuse– Heart disease– Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome– Tuberculosis


The “Patient” of Today

• Has become a “client” or consumer of health care services

• Takes on more responsibility for his or her own care

• Obtains second opinions• Shops for the lowest health care costs• Seeks alternative and complementary providers


Health Care in the United States

• Influenced by:– State of the economy– Values of society– Law of supply and demand– Technological developments

• Reasons for rising health care costs– Advanced technological developments– Increase in malpractice litigation– Aging Population


Figure 1-2 Health Insurance


Health Care of the Future

• Wellness services– To include nutritional advice, stress reduction

counseling, habit cessation management, and exercise instruction

• Technology – Continues to drive the type and pace of

changes in the industry• Cost and Access - National Health Care Plan


Types of Healthcare Facilities

• Acute care facilities – short term healthcare

• Extended or long term care facilities –long term or chronic healthcare

• Urgent care – non-emergency• Health clinics – free healthcare services

or outpatient services• Medical/Dental offices – specific type of

healthcare • Home health – services provided at home• Laboratories

Government agencies

• World Health Organization (WHO)• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

(DHHS)• National Institutes of Health (NIH)• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA)• Health Departments


Chain of Command

• Organizational structure of a facility that indicates the person or department responsible

• Large facilities have complex structures• Small facilities have simpler structures

• EMS systems uses chain of command and ideal span of control is 5 to 7


Emergency Incident Command Structure


Table 1-2 Career Ladder in Health Care


Levels of EMS Training

• First Responder – Initiate immediate care and assist EMT on arrival

• EMT–Basic – Responsible for assessment, care, packaging, and transporting of the patient

• EMT-Intermediate – Specifically trained in ALS skills.

• EMT-Paramedic – Mastery of basic skills and provides a wide range of ALS skills.


Components of the EMS SystemDispatch

• Enhanced 9-1-1 – Display address of telephone

location– Cell phones display location with

GPS– Speech or hearing disabilities can

communicate with keyboard and printed message

• Emergency Medical Dispatch –Dispatcher provides caller with vital instructions to help them deal with medical emergency until EMS arrival


• Authorizes EMTs to provide medical care in the field

• Establish written protocols or standing orders that guide EMTs

• Provide medical direction phone, radio, or in person

Components of the EMS SystemMedical Director


Health Care Careers

• Economic security• Nature of the duties• Good working environment• Opportunities for advancement• New challenges• Respect

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