health sciences 1101 medical terminology
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Health Sciences 1101 Medical Terminology. Module 11 Special Senses: Eyes and Ears. Basic Eye and Ear Terms. Ocul/o , opthalm/o or opt/ o : Pertaining to the eye Optometrist or optician : specialist in providing corrective lenses to improve vision - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Health Sciences 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 11Special Senses: Eyes and Ears
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Basic Eye and Ear Terms
Ocul/o, opthalm/o or opt/o: Pertaining to the eye
Optometrist or optician: specialist in providing corrective lenses to improve vision
Ophthalmologist: Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders
Otolaryngology: branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat.
Otolaryngologist: A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ears nose and throat. Also called an ENT.
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Eye Anatomy TermsBlephar/o: eyelid
Conjunctiv/o: conjunctiva
Choroid/o: choroid
Corne/o or kerat/o: cornea
Cor/o, core/o or pupill/o: pupil
Dacry/o or lacrim/o: tear or tear ducts
Irid/o: iris
Retin/o: retina
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Other Eye Terms-opia or –opsia: vision
-ptosis: prolapse or downward displacement
-tropia: turning
Hyperopia: The lense focuses the visual image beyond the retina, causing difficulty in seeing close objects. Also called farsightedness.
Myopia: The eyeball is too long, so the image falls in front of the retina, causing difficulty in seeing far away objects. Also called nearsightedness.
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Eye Related Pathology Terms
Astigmatism: Abnormal curvature of the cornea, which causes light rays to focus unevenly over the retina.
Cataract: opacity or cloudiness of the lens. Commonly associated with aging.
Achromatopsia: Colorblindness
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Eye Related Pathology Terms
Macular degeneration: breakdown of the tissue in the macula. Results in central vision loss.
Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure caused by the failure of the aqueous humor to drain. Results in atrophy of the optic nerve and, eventually, blindness
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Eye Related Pathology TermsConunctivitis: Inflammation of
the conjunctiva. Can be caused by allergy, bacteria, irritation or a foreign body.
Hordeolum: A small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid. Sometimes called a sty.
Photophobia: Unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light. Occurs in diseases such as meningitis or measles and in inflammation/injury of the eyes
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Eye Related Pathology TermsRetinal detachment:
separation of the retina from the choroid. Disrupts vision and results in blindness if not corrected.
Diabetic retinopathy: Retinal blood vessel disorder that occurs in people with diabetes. Small hemorrhages, edema, and formation of new vessels leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision
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Eye Related Pathology Terms
Strabismus: Abnormal turning or pulling of the eye
Esotropia: strabismus in which one eye turns inward or toward the other eye
Exotropia: strabismus in which one eye turns outward, or away from the other eye.
Both esotropia and exotropia can cause diplopia.
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Eye Related Diagnosis
Visual Acuity Test: Standard test involves reading the Snellen chart from 20 feet away.
Tonometry: Measuring intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma
Opthalmoscopy: Visual examination of the eye using a lighted instrument.
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Eye Related Treatment
Corneal transplant: Surgical transplantation of a donor cadaver cornea onto the recipient’s eye
Cataract surgery: Excision of cataracts by surgically removing the lens and inserting an artifical intraocular lens
Phacoemulsification: Ultrasonic vibrations break the lens into tiny particles which are gently suctioned out of the eye
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Eye Related Treatment
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: Excision of most of the lens, followed by insertion of an intraocular lens transplant
Iridectomy: Surgical removal of parts of the iris
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Acous/o, aud/i, or audit/o: hearing
Myring/o or tympan/o: tympanic membrane
Ot/o: ear
Salping/o: tube (in this case, the eustachian tube
-acusis: hearing
Cerumen: earwax
Ear Anatomy Terms
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Ear Related Pathology TermsVertigo: Sensation of moving
around in space; a feeling of spinning or dizziness. Usually results from damage to inner ear structures associated with balance or equilibrium
Tinnitus: A ringing in the ears
Anacusis: Complete hearing loss or total deafness.
Otitis media: Middle ear infection, typically bacterial and most often seen in children
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Ear Related Pathology Terms
Ménière’s Disease: A rare disorder within the labyrinth of the inner ear that can lead to a progressive loss of hearing. Symptoms include vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and the sensation of pressure in the ear. Cause is unknown.
Acoustic Neuroma: A benign tumor of the acoustic nerve sheath. Symptoms result from pressure exerted on surrounding tissue.
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Ear Related Pathology TermsPresbycusis: Impairment of
hearing resulting from old age
Conductive Hearing Loss: Hearing loss caused by a blockage of the ear canal or damage to the eardrum or ossicles. Transmission of sound is prevented.
Otosclerosis: Progressive deafness due to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. A stapedectomy is often successful in permanently restoring hearing
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Ear Related Diagnosis Terms
Otoscopy: Visual examination of the ear using an otoscope
Audiometry: Measures hearing acuity at various sound frequencies
Rinne Test: Hearing acuity test using a vibrating tuning fork to test sound conduction through bone and air
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Ear Related Treatment TermsMyringoplasty: Surgical repair of a
perforated eardrum with a tissue graft
Myringotomy: Incise the eardrum. Relieve pressure and release pus or serous fluid from the middle ear. Surgically insert tympanostomy tubes in the eardrum
Cochlear Implant: Electronic transmitter that is surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf individual to restore hearing loss