health teaching plan complete
TRANSCRIPT
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HEALTH TEACHING PLANRevelo, Judy Jane S.Peoples Awareness on Diabetes
ASSESSMENTFINDINGSOn
HEALTHBEHAVIORS
LEARNINGNEEDSAnd
PROBLEMS
LEARNINGGOALS /OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TIMEALLOTMENT
STRATEGIES /TEACHINGMETHODS &
TOOLS
BEHAVIORCHANGE(EVALUATION)
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Out of the 19permanentgovernmentemployees of
CSCR09, wefound out thatthree (3) ofthem arediabetic, one (1)is high risk indiabetes, one(1) has elevatedblood sugarwhich meansthat she is alsohigh risk in
diabetes oralready have itbut still in adenial situation,whereas two (2)of theemployees havesignificantothers withdiabetes.Furthermore, six(6) of the
CSCR09employees havehigh cholesterollevels with oneamong the sixhas a familialhistory ofdiabetes, theseindividuals are
The clients wantto know:
What isdiabetes?
What are thesigns andsymptoms ofdiabetes?
At the end of 50minutes, theclient will beable to:
Describe thedefinition ofdiabetes.
Identify signsand symptomsof diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus isthe lack or insufficientamount of insulin in thebody. It can also be acase of insulinresistance, where thebody cannot properlyuse insulin, which isneeded by the cells toconvert the sugarintake into energy. In anormal person, it is
produced in thepancreas. Withoutinsulin, sugar cannotenter the cells; insteadthese accumulate inthe bloodstream,which, over a longperiod, can cause youto have a high sugarlevel.
Under normal
conditions, your cellsconvert blood sugarinto energy so you canperform everydaytasks. To achieve this,the pancreas producesa protein hormonecalled insulin that actsas a key so the blood
2 min
3 min
Lecture /Discussion
Lecture /Discussion
Described whatdiabetes is.
Identified thesigns &symptoms ofdiabetes.
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prone todiabetes whobelongs to highrisk group, if left
unnoticed oruntreated, theyare at high riskof diabetescomplications.The rest of theclients haverheumatic heartdisease, post-surgery breasttumor, a coupleof asthmatic
individuals andone claimed tobe healthy.
Greater numberof these clientsleads asedentarylifestyle withouthealth practiceswhile only fewdoes mild
exercises, usesfood / herbalsupplements,resort to dietand watertherapy, andonly one whoundergo annualexecutive check-
Who are at riskof diabetes?
What are thetypes ofdiabetes?
Describe theindividuals who
are at risk ofdiabetes.
Differentiate thetypes of
diabetes.
sugar molecules canenter the cell and beconverted into energy.
Signs & Symptoms
The most obvioussign of diabetes isexcessive urination.Among the symptomsare:
- frequenturination (evenat night)
- dry skin- itchy skin- slow healing of
cuts / wounds
- blurry eyesight- being always
very hungry- feeling tired &
weak- weight loss- skin infections- excessive thirst
Those who are atrisk of developingdiabetes are:
- children of diabetics- obese people- people withhypertension- people with highcholesterol
levels- people with sedentary
Lifestyle
2min
5 min
Lecture
Lecture / visualaids
Described theindividuals whoare at risk of
diabetes.
Differentiatedthe types ofdiabetes.
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up.
Thesegovernment
employees ofCSCR09between the agebrackets of 25y/o to 60 y/o arevery susceptibleto sedentarylifestyleillnesses &diseases likediabetes, in fact,a number of
them alreadyhas diabetes.
What are thecomplications of
diabetes? Restate thecomplications ofdiabetes.
Types of Diabetes:
Type-I Diabetes
( Insulin Dependent)This is commonlyinherited from eitherparents or closerelatives hence evenchildren can beafflicted. The pancreasstops producing insulin,so a type 1 diabeticneeds constantinjections of insulin.
In type-1 diabetes, thepancreas cannotproduce insulin; thus,the blood sugarmolecules cannot enterthe cell. This starve thecell (and the person)resulting to debilitatingand even fatalcomplications.
Type-2 Diabetes(Non-InsulinDependent)Either the pancreasproduces insufficientinsulin, or the insulin isrejected by the cells.Type-2 diabetes
3 min
Lecture /Discussion Restated the
complications ofdiabetes if leftuntreated anddid not strictlyadhered to thedietary regimen.
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What can you doto control yourblood sugar? List a wellness
program fordiabetics.
comprises almost 90%of all diabetes cases.In type-2 diabetes, thepancreas produces
insulin, but either theamount is not enoughor some of the insulinproduced cannotunlock the cellresulting in theaccumulation of bloodsugar molecules in theblood stream.
Complications ofDiabetes:
- eye disease(retinopathy)..a progressivecondition thatleads toblindness whenleft untreated
- heart disease& stroke ..highblood sugar andcholesterollevels and poor
circulation putthe diabetic at ahigh risk ofheart diseaseand stroke
- nerve damage(neuropathy)..one of the most
10 min
Visual aidsListed a wellnessprogram fordiabetics.
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commoncomplications ofdiabetes,neuropathy is acondition that
damages theperipheralnerves that runthroughout thebody
- footcomplications..diabetics areespeciallyvulnerable tofoot wounds,cuts and injuries
that can lead togangrene
Wellness Programfor Diabetics
Diet Therapy:
- Avoid simplesugars likecakes &chocolates.Instead have
complexcarbohydrateslike rice, pasta,cereals andfresh fruits.
- Do not skip ordelay meals. Itcausesfluctuations in
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Is there anyavailable dietary
blood sugarlevels.
- Eat more fiber-rich foods likevegetables.
- Cut down onsalt.- Avoid alcohol.
Dietaryguidelinesrecommend nomore than twodrinks for menand no morethan one drinkper day forwomen.
Exercise:- Regular
exercise is animportant partof diabetescontrol.
Daily exerciseimprovescardiovascular fitnesshelps insulin to workbetter and lower blood
sugarlowers bloodpressure andcholesterol levelsreduces body fat andcontrols body weightExercise at least 3times a weekfor atleast 30 minutes each
15 min
Discussion/Hand
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regimen fordiabetics? Prepare a list for
a diabeticdietary regimen.
session. Always carryquick sugar sourceslike candy or soft drinkto avoid hypoglycemia(low blood sugar)
during and afterexercise.
Control your weight:If you are overweightor obese, start weightreduction by diet andexercise. This improvesyour cardiovascularrisk profile.it lowers your bloodsugar
it improves your lipidprofileit improves yourblood pressure control
Quit Smoking:Smoking is harmful toyour health.
Maintain a normalblood pressure.Since having
hypertension puts aperson at high risk ofcardiovascular disease,especially if it isassociated withdiabetes, reliable BPmonitoring and controlis recommended. Seeyour doctor for advice
outsPrepared a listfor a diabeticdietary regimen.
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and management.
RememberIf you have the classicsymptoms of diabetes:
see your doctor forblood sugar testingstart dietingeat plenty ofvegetablesavoid sweets such ascakes and chocolatescut down on fattyfoodsexercise regularlyif you are obese, tryto lose some weight
avoid alcoholdrinking and stopsmokingif you arehypertensive, consultyour doctor for adviceand management
Diabetic Diet(calculated diet)The diabetic diet ishigh in fiber and low in
fat.
Some Tipsconsult a licensednutritionist-dietitian foryour specific nutrientneeds.ask for a calculateddiet plan.
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be guided withsuggestions based onthe Diabetes FoodPyramid Guide andOne-Serving Food
Exchange List, in caseyou dont have time tovisit a licensednutritionist-dietitian.plan, experiment,and present your dietplan to a licensednutritionist-dietitian forapproval.do not eat too muchor too little.avoid sugar and high-
sugar containing fooditems such as candies,sweets, soft drinks, richdesserts, chocolates,sweetened juices, icecreams, cakes.eat a heavybreakfast, moderatelunch and a lightsupper. This isrecommended unlessprescribed otherwise
by a doctor. Sometimessnacks are prescribeddepending onmedication or insulininjection.eat regularly.increase your fiberintake by including agenerous amount of
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leafy vegetables dailyin your diet.use legumes andwhole grains more thanprocessed meat
alternatives. They willhelp increase dietaryfiber and contain nocholesterol.limit fruits to 3exchanges per day.The fresher the better.Processing and refiningmake natural sugars infruits more readilyabsorbable which maylead to rapid rise in
blood sugar.drink a cup of low fatmilk a day.avoid coffee, tea,alcoholic beveragesincluding wine andliquor.drink 6 to 8 glassesof water a day betweenmeals.apply the low saltand low fat diets, and
low-cholesterol dietsuggestions. Diabetesmay lead tohypertension andhypercholesterolemiawhen uncontrolled.enjoy your meals.Your attitude counts alot in the management
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of your blood sugar.understand, followand be comfortablewith your diet plan.Your diet may have to
be guided by a plan forthe rest of your life.monitor and recordyour weight and bloodsugar.give good attentionto your diet, attitude,medication, andphysical activity(exercise). Control ofblood sugar is betterwhen these things are
well-balanced.Foods Allowed
Carbohydrate-richFoods:Unrefined cereals,whole grains(unpolished rice, wholewheat bread)CornRoot cropsBoiled saba
Noodles, pasta
Protein-rich FoodsFor Vegetarians:Preferably nuts,legumes, vegetarianproducts(gluten, tokwa,vegemeat, etc.)
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For Non-Vegetarians:Preferably fish withscales and fins
VegetablesAllLeafy and wateryvegetables maybeeaten as desired
FruitsAll, preferably freshand with skin(3 servings per day isideal)
Beverages1 cup (1 exchange) ofmilk a day
DessertsFresh fruits
Fat-rich FoodsVegetable oil used infood preparation only
Foods Not Allowed
Carbohydrate-richFoodsSweetened cerealsSweetened root cropsSweetened bakedproducts
Protein-rich Foods
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Is there anemergencyprocedure fordiabetes?
Prepare anemergency
procedure forpossible lowblood sugar andhigh blood sugaronset.
PorkFatty meatsAnimal skinInternal organs
VegetablesNone
FruitsCanned fruitsSweetened fruitsSweetened dried fruitsSweetened fruit juices
BeveragesSoft drinksSweetened and instant
juicesMilk shakes, chocolatedrinksCoffee, teaAlcoholic beverages
DessertsCakes, ice creams,icing, pudding, sweetpreserves, chocolates,candies, native ricecakes
3-day SAMPLE MENU
DAY 1Breakfast6:00 7:00
Banana
10 min
Discussion /Handouts Prepared an
emergency
procedurefor possible lowblood sugar andhigh blood sugaronset.
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VegemeatPotato-egg omeletWhole wheat breadwith margarineUnpolished rice
Soy coffee with low fatmilk(no sugar added)
Lunch11:45 12:15
Tokwa adoboSauted squash andstring beansUnpolished riceBoiled nuts
Supper6:00 6:30
GinataanUnpolished riceFresh pineapple
DAY 2Breakfast6:00 7:00
PapayaFried vegetarian tocinoBoiled camoteUnpolished riceWarm low fat milk(no sugar added)
Lunch11:45 12:15
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Hawaiian gluten steakBoiled camote topsUnpolished riceBaked or roasted nuts
Supper6:00 6:30
Sauted monggo beansUnpolished riceDiabetic gulamandelight
DAY 3Breakfast6:00 7:00
AppleTempura chunksPandesal with cheeseChamporado(no sugar added)Salabat
Lunch11:45 12:15
Vegetarian apritada
Boiled malunggayUnpolished riceSoymilk
Supper6:00 6:30
Chili beansUnpolished rice
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Fresh buko
First Aid forDiabetes
Everyone who hasdiabetes should wear amedical alert braceletor necklace or- at thevery least carry acard in their wallet sothat in an emergency,medical personnel willknow about yourdiabetes and can makesure you get proper
medical treatment.
Low Blood SugarThe most commonproblem with diabetesis that the blood sugarmay go too low. This isalso known ashypoglycemia and issometime referred toan insulin reaction. Low
blood sugar may becaused by any of thefollowing:
skipping or delayingmealnot eating enoughdiarrhea or vomitingdrinking too much
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alcoholtaking too muchinsulin or oralmedicationexercising too much
The symptoms oflow blood sugarinclude:
hunger, nausea,headachedizziness, shakiness,weaknessfaintness, chills,sweatinessconfusion or
irritabilityfast heart beatnumbness aroundthe lips or tonguemood swings
If you feel you havelow blood sugar, youshould take any oneof these fast-actingsugar sources:
half a cup of fruitjuice or non-dietcarbonated soda1 cup of skim milk4 6 hard candies3 teaspoons of tablesugarglucose tablets or gel
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It is a good idea tocarry a source of fast-acting sugar with you.It may take as long as10 15 minutes for
your blood glucoselevels to rise. Do not beimpatient. If you do notfeel better within 15 20 minutes, eatanother source ofsugar. If your bloodsugar is still low, callyour doctor or thenearest hospitalemergency room.
High Blood Sugar
High blood sugar isalso known ashyperglycemia. Itoccurs when yourdiabetes is not undercontrol and your bloodsugar levels rise toohigh. High blood sugarmay be caused by anyof the following:
eating too muchnot following yourmeal planillness or infectionnot exercising orexercising less thanusualforgetting to take
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your insulin or oralmedicationtaking some coughsyrups, antacids, andlaxatives containing
sugar
The symptoms ofhigh blood sugarinclude:
extreme thirstfrequent urinationblurred visionweakness ortirednessfast breathing
dizzinessupset stomach
Sometimes highblood sugar does nothave noticeablesymptoms. If youfeel you have highblood sugar, youshould:
contact your doctor
or the nearest hospitalemergency room.if you are driving,pull over to the side ofthe road.
WHEN TO CALL 911
If you find someone
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that you believe maybe having a diabeticcrisis, it is importantthat you not try to treatthem yourself. Sincehigh and low bloodsugar have some of thesame symptoms, it isdifficult for a lay personto know whattreatment isappropriate. The onlyway to be sure is to tryto convince the personwith diabetes to do aglucose monitoring andfind out if their sugar is
too high or too low.
Never try to force juiceor sugar on someone ifthey are very confused,or if they areunconscious. If you findanyone unconscious,call 911 or theemergency number foryour area and requestassistance. Be sure to
notify the dispatcherthat the person yourehelping is diabetic sothat the emergencymedial crew can beprepared.
How To Learn More
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You can learn moreabout diabetes byattending a diabeteseducation class nearyou. They arefrequently offered byhospitals and medicalcenters. Another optionis to check out first aidcourses offered by theRed Cross, YMCAs andYWCAs, or an adulteducation program atyour school area.
References:
Healing Wonders ofDietBy: Blecenda MirandaVarona, R.N.D.,M.P.H.Maria Elena TablanteGodoy, R.N.D.David Arsulo Varona
Health and HomeJournals
American DiabetesAssociation
www.operationdiabetes.com
Department of Health(DOH)
http://www.operationdiabetes.com/http://www.operationdiabetes.com/http://www.operationdiabetes.com/http://www.operationdiabetes.com/ -
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