healthcare policy in india_final

7/27/2019 Healthcare Policy in India_Final

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By:

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Health Policy of


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National Health Policy in India-

It is felt that an integrated, comprehensive approach towards development of medical education, research and health seto be established to serve the actual health needs and prioricountry.


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Alma-Ata Declaration -1978

Alma-Ata Declaration called on all the governments to formuhealth policies according to their own circumstances to launprimary health care as a part of national health system


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National Health Policy 2002

Objective : To achieve an acceptable standard of good heathe general population of the country

Launch of NRHM(National Rural Health Mission) in 2005


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Indian Health Policy: Vision

Health as a right for all citizens is the goal that the Ministry will

A comprehensive approach that encompasses individual hepublic health, sanitation, clean drinking water, access to fooknowledge of hygiene, and feeding practices.

To transform public health care into an accountable, accesaffordable system of quality services.

Convergence and development of public health systems anare responsive to the health needs and aspirations of the peo


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Indian Health Policy: Goals

To rise public spending on health from 1.2 per cent of GDP toof GDP, with improved arrangement for community financingpooling.

To undertake architectural correction of the health system toeffectively handle increased allocations and promote policiestrengthen public health management and service delivery i


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Structure of Indian Health Care

Different system of medicines1. Allopathy 2. Ayurvedic 3. Homoepathy

4. Unani 5. Siddha

Health Sector

1. Private Sector - mostly provides curative services

a. Not-for-profit Sector- NGOs, charitable institutions, trusts e

b. For-Profit Sector

2. Government Sectorprovides publicly financed and mana

promotive, preventive and curative health services


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Public Health Sector :

1 Central Government 2 State Government

3 Municipal 4 Local level bodies

National Health Policy : 3 Tier Structure

1. Primary Tier

a. Sub-Centre (SC) for a population of 3000-5000

b. Primary Health Centre (PHC) for 20000 to 30000 people

c. Community Health Centre (CHC) as referral centre for every fopopulation of 80,000 to 1.2 lakh

2. Secondary Tier - The district hospitals were to function as the seconhealth care, and as the primary tier for the urban population.

3. Tertiary Tier - The tertiary health care was to be provided by healt

urban areas which are well equipped with sophisticated diagnostic fa

Structure of Indian Health Care


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Structure of Ministry of Health anFamily Welfare

Department of Health and Family Welfare - responsible foimplementation of national level programmes for control of cand non- communicable diseases, hospitals and dispensarieseducation

Department of AYUSH - takes care of promotion of indigenmedicine such as Ayurveda, Homeo, Unani, Siddha and ongin indigenous medicine

Department of Health Researchmainly concerned with medical and health activities

Department of National AIDS Control Organization - responsiband implementation of programmes for prevention and cont


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Human Resources for Health

Shortage of human resources is a distressing feature of Indiaservices

Several initiative taken to overcome shortage of human resosector

1. Medical EducationNew Medical colleges, increase intake Colleges

2. Nursing Education

3. Para Medical Education


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Major Stakeholders In Health Care Syst

IndianHealthcare

System

Government

NonGovernment

Ministry ofHealth

Department ofHealth & Family

welfare

Department of

Health Research

Departm

AIDS C

Government In Ind


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Government as a Major Stakeho

Universal access to primary health care services for all sections of societ

Improving Maternal and child health

Focusing on population stabilisation in the country

Reducing overall disease burden of the society

Regulate health service delivery, and promote rational use of pharmac

Policy Formulation on issues relating to health and family welfare sectors Effective management of health institutions under the control of the hea

Welfare department.


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Public

Major health initiatives are taken for public

Access, Affordable & Quality

Universally available to all Citizens

HealthCare

Providers

Medical doctors

Dentists

Specialty practioners

HealthInsuranceProviders

Bajaj Allianz General InsuranceHSBC Health Insurance Provider

Apollo Insurance Provider

Business& Industry

Pharmaceutical Industries

Rising Health care cost leads to increased insurance cost forcing business financial burden

Non-Governmental Stakeholde


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Implementation & Achievement

National Rural Health Mission

Reproductive and child health programs

National Disease control programs


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Reproductive and child health

Janani Suraksha Yojna

a safe motherhood intervention for promoting institutional delive

number of beneficiaries has increased from 7.39 lakh in 2005-06 tcrore in 2010-11

JananiShishu Suraksha Karyakram

Provides free and cashless health care services to pregnant womhealth institutes

Mother and Child Tracking system

for Ante-Natal Care and immunisation

Annual Health Surveys

Covered 284 districts


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National Disease Control Progra

Communicable diseases

National TB Control Programme

National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (provision of

insecticidal nets and rapid diagnostic kits)

HIV prevention and control

Leprosy

Lymphatic Filaria

Kala-azar

Acute encephalitis syndrome


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Non-communicable diseases

National Programme of Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabete

Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke Programme (NPCDCS)

National Mental Health Programme

Programme for Prevention of Burn Injuries

The National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly



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Pradhan mantri swasthya suraksha yojana

Construction of six AIIMS like institutes

Upgrading of 13 medical institutes

Medical education

4442 MBBS seats and 2398 Post Graduate seats were added to th

in the recognized colleges

Legislations

Clinical Establishments Bill, 2010

Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Packaging and Labelin


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Progress on Key Indicators

Demographics & Mortality Scenario

1. Population & Avg. Annual Exponential Growth Rate (AAEGR)

Population of 1.21 Billion (17.5 % of worlds population)

Rural: 68.84% & Urban: 31.16%

AAEGR dropped from 1.97% to 1.64%


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2. Sex Ratio

Haryana: 830 girls per 1000 boys

Punjab: 846 girls per 1000 boys

J&K: 859 girls per 1000 boys


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3. Life expectancy at birth

Currently close to 65, increased from 63.5 in 2006-10

Decrease in death rate

Improvement in quality of health services

Kerala: 74 years while in Bihar, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Prades

4. Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children that would be born to a woman over he

Indias TFR is at 2.5

Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya & D&Nthan 3


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5. Crude Birth Rate

No. of births per 1000 people per year

29.5 births per 1000 population in 1991 to 22.1 births per 1000 populatio

Rural: 23.7 & Urban: 18.00

Highest: Uttar Pradesh (28.3) & Lowest: Goa (13.2)

6. Crude Death Rate

No. of deaths per 1000 people per year

9.8 deaths per 1000 population in 1991 to 7.2 deaths per 1000 popula

Rural: 7.7 & Urban: 5.8

Highest: Odisha (7.8) & Lowest: Nagaland (3.6)


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7. Maternal Mortality Rate

The ratio of the number of maternaldeaths per 100,000 live births during agiven time-period

Has reduced from 254 in 2004-06 to 212in 2007-09

Lowest: Kerala & Tamil Nadu ( Less than100 ) & Highest: Assam (390)


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8. Infant Mortality Rate

Higher in females (49) than males (46)

Urban: 31 & Rural: 51

Best performing state: Kerala (13)

9. Child Mortality Rate

Rural: 14.9 & Urban: 7.8

Highest: Madhya Pradesh (20)

Lowest: Kerala (2.9)


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Reproductive & Child Health (RCH)


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Disease Burden


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Disease Burden

Communicable Diseases

Up Trends Down Trends

Dengue, Chikungunya Polio

Cholera O139 Tuberculosis

Japanese Encephalatis Neonatal Tetan

Leptospirosis Measles

Emerging: Influenza A H5N1 Eradicated: Small Pox

Emerging: Influenza A PandemicH1N1

Eradicated: Yaws, Guin


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Disease Burden

Non-communicable Diseases

1. National Cancer Control Program (NCCP)

2. National Mental Health Program (NMHP)

3. National Program for Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE)

4. National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP)

5. National Program for Prevention & Control of Deafness (NPPCD)


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Global Comparison

Indicators US India China

Annual Population GrowthRate 0.9% 1.31% 0.47%

Percentage of expenditurespent by Govt. on the

healthcare 17.6% of GDP 4.1% of GDP 7% of GDP

Gross National Income per

Capita 50,120 USD 1,530 USD 9,210 USD

Sex Ratio 952 per 1000 males 940 per 1000 males 926 per 1000 mal

Life Expectancy 77.97 65 73.49

Infant Mortality Rate 5.9 per 1,000 44 15.2

Maternal Mortality Rate9.1 maternal deathsper 100,000 live births 200

37 maternal deatper 100,000 live bi


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Global Comparison

Indicators US India China

Total Fertility Rate1.89 births per

woman 2.59 births per woman1.58 births per

woman

Most Prevalant Diseases

ArthritisDiabetes MellitusCoronary Heart

DiseaseChronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease

dengue fever,hepatitis, tuberculosis,

malaria andpneumonia

Tuberculosis,Hepatitis A, typh

fever

Crude Birth Rate 13 per 1,000 people 22 12 Crude Death Rate 8 per 1,000 people 8 7

No. of doctors (per 1000 ppl) 2.4 0.6 1.8

No. of nurses (per 1000 ppl) 9.8 1 1.7

No. of hospital beds (per 1000ppl) 3 0.9 3.8


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Suggestions

Central and State Governments

Protect poor against ill health and exploitation

Promote social health insurance

Scale up financial resources

Improve management and accountability of public health servic

Ensure quality improvement through standards and accreditatio

Strengthen the base of the pyramid

Further improvements in tax benefit plans, import duty concessio

of medical devices


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Suggestions

Corporate Sector

Widen the scope of CSR activities

Develop mechanisms of cross subsidising the poor through earni

sections

Provide hub and spoke model for both treatment and diagnostic

Encourage provision locum medical staff wherever required

Take on responsibility of medical education


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Suggestions

Non government and non profit sector

Enter into mutually beneficial partnerships with the corporate an

sectors

Academic and Research institutions

Medical colleges should facilitate updating technical knowledg

Bio-medical research organizations should be keen to improving

technology Contributions by Public health and management training instituti

management institutions


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Thank You

Stay Healthy!

healthcare policy in india_final

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