Healthy Community Desi gn Toolkit

General Plan UpdatesHealthy Community Design Collaborative

APA AZ MAC21 Project

2012

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Table of ContentsHEALTHY COMMUNITY DESIGN – GENERAL PLAN TOOLKIT 1 NEIGHBORHOODS – THE BASIC COMMUNITY BUILDING BLOCK 2USING THIS TOOLKIT 3REVIEWING THE GENERAL PLAN 6 Community Vision 6 Arizona General Plan Requirements (ARS 9-461-05) 7 Public Participation Process (ARS 9-461-06) 7 Participation 9INCORPORATING HEALTHY COMMUNITY DESIGN POLICIES 9

A. Land Use Element: Growth Area Element 10

B. Neighborhood Preservation and Redevelopment Element; Housing Element; Conservation, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment Element 12 C. Circulation Element; Bicycle Element 14 D. Recreation Element; Open Space Element 16 E. Environmental Planning Element, Conservation Element 17

F. Energy Element 18 G. Safety Element 19 H. Water Resources Element 20 I. Cost of Development Element 20 J. Public Buildings and Services 21 K. Healthy Eating Active Lifestyle Element 22 L. Organizational Policies 24RESOURCE GUIDE 25PUBLICATIONS 25WEBSITES 28NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 29TOOLS AND TOOLKITS 30WEBINARS 31FACT SHEETS AND TALKING POINTS 32CHRONIC DISEASE DATA 34GLOSSARY OF TERMS 35GENERAL PLAN CHECKLIST 37

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Healthy Community Design - General Plan ToolkitBackgroundOneofthetoolsthatplannersandpublichealthofficialswhowishtolaythegroundworkforcreatinghealthiercommunitieshaveattheirdisposalaregeneralplans.ThegeneralplanistheprimarylandusepolicydocumentforcommunitiesinArizonaandStateStatuterequiresanupdateevery10years.

Generalplanscanbetoolstohelpguidedevelopment,andthegeneralplanningprocesscanbeaneffectiveforuminwhichlocalgovernmentsandorganizationscanfacilitatethenewpartnershiplinkingthedesignofthephysicalenvironmentandhealthylifestyles.Still,theseareonlypartofalong-termstrategyforincorporatinghealthconsiderationsintoplanninganddevelopment.Forexample,concernforcommunityfunctionatthemoredetailedneighborhoodscale-themosteffectiveenvironmentforlivablecommunityadvocaciestointeract-isoftenneglected.

Thistoolkitprovidesnotonlyadviceonhowtoincludehealth-supportingpolicyingeneralplansbutalsostrategiesforinstitutionalizinginterdisciplinarypartnershipsandensuringthatimplementationstrategiesareembeddedinthesepoliciesfromthebeginning.

Thistoolkitprovidesuserswithalogicalprogressionofstepsthatcanbuildupononeanother,withoutmandatingafixedentrypoint.Itisorganizedaroundaprocessofengagement,frombuildingrelationshipsandassessingexistingconditionstocreatingandultimatelyimplementingpolicylanguage.

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Neighborhoods: The Basic Community Building BlockInthebestdesignedneighborhoods,residentsliveinanidentifiablecommunity;recognizeoneanotherandcountfriendsandfamilyamongtheirneighbors.Theyhaveasenseofconcernandresponsibilityfortheneighborhoodanditspeoplethatisoftentranslatedintoaction.Theyliveinhomessurroundinganeighborhoodcenterwheretheelementaryschoolistheprincipalanchor,andwhereotherfacilitiescanclustertoprovideaneasilyaccessibleassemblyoffacilities--acommunitycenter,smallshops,medicalservices,recreationopportunities,andconnectiontopublictransit.

Beneficialimpactstosuchneighborhoodsoccurwhen:

• Theelementary/middleschoolsiteisthecentralplace.Whereinadditiontoitseducationalrole,humanserviceagencystaffscancollaboratetoaddressneedsofthecommunity.Residentsarewelcometousethegym,recreationalfields,auditorium,libraryandmeetingrooms.

• Accessibilityandconvenienceisoptimizedbyputtingmostofthehousinginhigherdensitydevelopments--mixeduse,condominium,townhomes-adjacenttoandwithineasywalkingorbikingdistance(1/4mile)totheneighborhoodcenter.

• Housingoptionsexistforpeopleindifferentstagesoflifeandincomelevels;affordablehousingforstarters,conventionalhousingtoaccommodategrowingfamilyneedsandcapacities,andlargerlothousingforthosehavelivedintheneighborhoodandwouldlikemorecommodiousaccommodations.Longtermsustainabilityofthecommunitymakeupissupportedbythisdiversechoiceofhousing,encouragingfamiliestomaintaincommunityidentityandcontinuedassociations.

• Pathwaysforpedestriansandbicyclistsprovidesafe,convenientaccessfromhomestotheneighborhoodfacilities,therebyencouragingamorehealthful,physicallyactivelifestyleandallayingtheneedfortheautomobileforshortneighborhoodtrips.

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Using the Toolkit

The Engaged Particpant/Resident PlannerTheinformationincludedinthishighlightedsectionisspecificallyincludedasbackgroundinformationfortheResidentPlanner.BecomingfamiliarwiththecurrentplanandthepublicparticipationprocessaswellasgettingtoknowthelocalplanningstaffareimportantstepstosuccessfullyparticipateintheGeneralPlanUpdateprocess.Don’tfeeltheneedtoreviewtheentireplanifthereisaspecificinterestinafocustopic–thetoolkitisdesignedtomakeiteasytofocusonaspecifictopicortopics.

Review the Local PlanTaketimetoreadthesectionsoftheArizonaRevisedStatutes(ARS)thatidentifytherequirementsforGeneralPlansforcitiesandtowns(ARS9-461.05)andComprehensivePlans(ARS11.804)forcounties.Dependingonthesizeofthejurisdiction,differentrequirementsareinplacerelatingtoelementstobeincludedintheGeneralPlanortheComprehensivePlan.Ifquestionsarise,pleasecontactyourlocalplanningdepartment.

Plan FormatElementsor–“chapters”addressingspecificcommunitytopicsareincorporatedasrequiredbyArizonaRevisedStatutes.SomecommunitieslisttheelementsasspecificallysetforthinStateStatutewhileothercommunitiesgroupelementsbycategoriesorthemes(SeeCity of Avondale Draft General Plan update).Oneapproachisnotnecessarilybetterthantheotheraslongasalloftheprescribedelementsareaddressed.

Getacopyofyourcommunity’s(town,city,county)“Plan”andifthereistimetoreviewtheentiredocument,becomefamiliarwiththeupdate/amendmentprocessandhowtheplanisformatted.MostcommunityPlansareavailableonthecommunity’swebsite.

How to Contact Your Local GovernmentWho to contact• PlanningDepartment• PlanningCommission• City/TownCouncilorBoardofSupervisors

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Prepare to EngageSchedule a Meeting• PrepareanAgenda• CreateTalkingPoints• EnjoytheProcess

Support Materials • BriefingPaper/TalkingPoints• PowerPointPresentation(s)• Education/TrainingMaterials

Tips for SuccessUnderstandingthefollowingconceptswillprovideagreatlaunchingpadforsuccess.

Healthy Community Talking PointsAsanincreasingnumberofAmericanssufferfromchronicdiseaseslikeobesity,diabetes,heartdisease,andasthma,researchshowsthatthebuiltenvironment–thewayAmericancitiesandtownsaredeveloped–contributestotheepidemicratesofthesediseases.Considerthefollowing:• Placesbuiltexclusivelyforautomobiles,wherewalkingandbikingarenotonlychallengingbut

frequentlydangerous• Neighborhoodsknownas“fooddeserts”becauseitissodifficulttobuyfreshfruitsand

vegetables• Neglected,garbage-strewnstreetsthatcontributetoviolenceandmentaldistress• Housingthatpromotesasthmaandotherrespiratorydiseasesbecauseitispoorlymaintained

orlocatednearfreewaysandotherpollutionsources

Since1980,thenumberofobeseAmericanshasdoubledtomorethanone-thirdofthepopulation,andtheprevalenceoftype2diabeteshasdoubled.Theasthmarateamongchildrenhasmorethandoubled.Basedoncurrentobesitytrends,forthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,childrenarenotpredictedtoliveaslongastheirparents.

Design of the Built EnvironmentHealthyCommunityissueslikeasthmaandobesityarelinkedtothebuiltenvironmentthroughnumerouspathways.IntheU.S.,anaverageof16%ofchildrenand66%ofadultsareoverweightorobese.Obesityisadiseasethatisalsolinkedtochronichealthconditionslikeheartdisease,highbloodpressure,cancer,stroke,andtype2diabetes.Indeed,ratesoftype2diabeteshavesignificantlyriseninrecentdecades;this,coupledwithalackofadequatehealthinsurancecoverageoraccesstohealthcareingeneral,placesadditionalburdensonfamiliesandhouseholds.

ObesityintheUnitedStatescanbeattributedtomultiplefactors,andisconsistentlylinkedtoalackofopportunitiesforphysicalactivityintheneighborhoodcontext.Opportunitiesfor

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physicalactivitycandependonneighborhoodconnectivity,theamountofairpollutioninanarea,streetsafety,wealthandsocialcohesion.

Toolkit Structure and ResourcesInArizona,citiesandtownprepare“GeneralPlans”andcountiesprepare“ComprehensivePlans.”ThroughouttheToolkit,theterms“generalplan”and“plan”willbeusedanditshouldbeunderstoodthatinmostcasesthatthetermalsoreferences“comprehensiveplans”exceptincertaininstanceswherespecificdifferencesexistinStateStatute.Forexample,countiesarenotrequiredtogetvoterapprovalforacomprehensiveplanandtherearedifferencesbetweentheelementsrequiredforcitiesandtownsandtheelementsrequiredforcounties.

Pleaseusethechecklistidentifiedforeachoftheplanelementsasaguideforidentifyingwhatkeyareasshouldbeaddressed.AGeneralPlanChecklistisincludedintheAppendixandisacompilationofthevariouschecklistsincludedthroughoutthetoolkit.

Chronic Diseases Associated with Design of the Built Environment

Disease National Arizona MaricopaCountyObesity-Adult 33.8%(2010) 24.3%(2010) 22.0-26.2%(2008)Obesity-Children 17%(2-19yr)(2010) 14.6%(2-5yrold)

(2008)

30.6%(10-14yrold)(2007)

Diabetes(Type1&2) 8.3%(2011) n/a 7.4-8.3%(2008)

HeartDisease 428/100,000(2006) 338/100,000(2006) 356/100,000(2006)Asthma Adult8.2%(2009);

Child(0-17yrold)9.6%(2009)

(See resource guide for additional detail)

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REVIEWING THE GENERAL PLANTheGeneralPlanisthe“CommunityVision”andassuchshouldincludeavisionstatement.ReviewthevisionstatementinthecommunityGeneralPlantodeterminewhetherit,orthegeneraldiscussionrelatingtothevisionstatementmakesreferenceto“healthyliving”,“healthylifestyle”,orsomeotherterminologythatreferences“residenthealth”.

COMMUNITY VISIONSample Vision Statement: “Thiscommunityiscommittedtopromotingthehealthandwell-beingofallitsresidents.Westrivetobeanactive,inclusive,andresponsivecity/county,wherehealthyhabitsareencouragedratherthandiscouragedbytheenvironmentswebuild.Achievingthisvisionrequiresacknowledgingpreviouslyignoredlinksbetweenbuiltenvironmentsandhealth,particularlytheinfluencethatpatternsoflanduse,density,transportationstrategies,andstreetdesignhaveonchronicdiseasesandhealthdisparities.”Source:AvondaleGeneralPlan

ThefollowingareexcerptsfromthedraftoftheCityofAvondaleGeneralPlanUpdateVisionStatementandGuidingPrinciples.Forthepurposesofthissection,onlytheportionsoftheVisionStatementandtheGuidingPrinciplesthatspecificallyaddresshealthylifestyleareincluded.ThefulltextoftheAvondaleGPUpdateisavailableathttp://az-avondale.civicplus.com/index.aspx?NID=1353.

Avondale Vision Statement“Acityofvariety,vitalityandvalues,whosecitizenspursueanactiveroleinmoldingagreatplacetolive,work,andplay,inamannerrespectfuloftheCity’srichhistory,growingculture,andinvaluablenaturalresources.

“Thefoundationforthisvisionisbasedonthefollowingprinciples:• Agreatplacetolive,work,andplaywherepeoplesharethevaluesofahealthycommunityand

respectforindividuals.”

Avondale Guiding Principles“Thefollowingprinciplesareintendedtoclarifytheintentofthesharedvisionstatementandestablishthecontextforthelandusecategories,goals,objectives,andimplementationstrategiesforeachoftheelements.

“Theprinciplesaregroupedinsevencategoriesthatarosefromthevisioningprocess.• HealthyCommunity:Weflourishasacommunitybycaringabouteveryone’sneeds,supporting

effortstoreachourfullpotential,fosteringhealthyandresilientindividuals,andvaluingourcommunity’suniquelifestyleandcharacter.”

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ARIZONA GENERAL PLAN REQUIREMENTS (ARS 9-461-05)

ArizonaStateStatuterequiresthataGeneralPlancontainaprescribedsetof“elements”orchapters.Thenumberofelementsisdependentonthepopulationsizeofthecommunity.WhatfollowsareexamplesofGeneralPlanelementsandidentificationofgoalsandpoliciesthatcanbeincorporatedintotheGeneralPlantoaddresshealthycommunitydesign.

Dependingoncommunitysize(RefertoARS9-461-05GeneralPlans)GeneralPlansarerequiredtoincludesomeorallofthefollowingelements:

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS (ARS 9-461-06)

TheArizonaRevisedStatutesrequirethateverycommunityprepareaPublicParticipationPlanthatwillservetoguidetheGeneralPlanUpdate/AmendmentProcess.

“Adoptwrittenprocedurestoprovideeffective,earlyandcontinuouspublicparticipationinthedevelopmentandmajoramendmentofgeneralplansfromallgeographic,ethnicandeconomicareasofthemunicipality.”(ARS9-461-06)

ThePublicParticipationProcessidentifiestheproceduresandpublicnotificationeffortsthat

Land UseCirculation

Open SpaceGrowth Area

Environmental PlanningCost of Development

Water ResourcesConservation

RecreationPublic Buildings and Services

HousingConservation, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment

SafetyBicycleEnergy

Neighborhood Preservation and Redevelopment

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shouldbeundertakeninthereviewoftheGeneralPlan.Itshouldpromoteneighborhoodmeetings,publicnotificationsandpublichearingsinordertoattractpublicopinionandactionasapartoftheSmartGrowthPrinciple,whichencouragescommunityandstakeholdercollaboration.

Goals for the Public Participation Process should include:• Obtainbroad-basedresident/citizenparticipationintheplanningprocess.• Provideinformationtothecitizensandgeneralpublicthroughouttheprocess.• Understandtheresidentattitudesandopinionsregardingthedirectionofgrowthand

development,keyissuesfacingthecommunity,andtheirhopesforthefutureofthecommunity.

• Keeptheupdate/amendmentprocessaccessibleandunderstandable.• Promoteintergovernmentalandinteragencycooperationandcollaboration.• MeettherequirementsofGrowingSmarterActasamendedthroughtheArizonaRevised

Statutes.• KeepthePlaninthepubliceyethroughouttheprocessandestablishprogramstoincrease

theirunderstandingoftheplanrecommendations.

Toensurethatthesegoalsarefollowed,acommunityshouldincludepoliciesaddressingpublicparticipationinlanduseanddevelopmentdecisions.

Public Participation Checklist VerifythatthecommunityhasanadoptedPublicParticipationPlanfortheGeneralPlan

Update/Amendmentprocess. Thecommunityhasadefinedpublicparticipationprogramwhichimplementsthe

adoptedPublicParticipationPlan.

Sample Policy Initiatives• Theparticipationofindividuals,organizations,andbusinessesinsupportingcommunity

healthandtheplanningprocessisencouraged.• Proponentsofdevelopmentorothermajorprojectsinthejurisdictionthatwillaffectthe

healthofthecommunityshouldinitiateearlyandfrequentcommunicationwithcommunityresidents.

• Localgovernmentagencies,includingplanningandpublichealth,willworkcollaborativelywithneighborhoodassociationsandothersimilarorganizationstoaddresshealthissuesofconcerninneighborhoods.

• Regularupdateswillbeprovidedregardingtheprogressofgeneralplanimplementationandotherplanning-relatedactivitiesthroughavarietyofmechanisms,suchasthecitywebsite,flyersinutilitybills,orlocalnewspapers.

• Ayearlytownhalltypemeetingwillprovideregularupdatesonmajorcity/countyactivitiesandtheextenttowhichthecity/countyismeetingtheguidingprinciplesestablishedinthegeneralplan,includingthoserelatedtohealth.

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INCORPORATING HEALTHY COMMUNITY DESIGN POLICIESIssuesrelatingtoHealthyCommunityDesigncanpotentiallybeaddressedineveryelementofaGeneralPlan.ThisapproachwasusedbytheCityofAvondaleintheAvondaleGeneralPlanUpdate.AnalternativeapproachusedbycommunitiesinCaliforniaaswellasbytheCityofSurprise,istoprepareastand-aloneelement(a“healthycommunity”elementiscurrentlynotrequiredinArizona)thataddresseshealthycommunitydesigninoneprimarylocationintheGeneralPlan.ItisnottheintentofthisToolkittorecommendoneapproachovertheother,butrathertoprovidethebasiccomponentsofhowacommunitycanincorporatecommunitydesignintoitsGeneralPlan.

Thefollowingisalistofpoliciescategorizedbyindividualelementsorinsomecasesagroupingofrelatedelements.Thepoliciesincludedareexamplesonlyandcanbeusedaswrittenorasastartingpointforpoliciesthataremorefocusedontheissuesinaspecificcommunity.Thelistofpoliciesisfarfromexhaustive,butasampleofsomeofthemostcommonlyusedhealthycommunitydesignpolicies.

Atthebeginningofeachseriesofpoliciesthereisachecklistwhichcanbeusedtodetermine

whethertheexistingorproposedpoliciesforinclusioninaGeneralPlanUpdatereflectthedesiredoutcomestohealthycommunitydesignasidentifiedbyacommunityduringthepublicparticipationprocess.

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A. Land Use Element; Growth Area Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Aprovisionformixed-usedevelopment Increasesinresidentialdensitiesintargetedareas(TODandinfill

development) Connectivityofneighborhoodsanddiverselanduses Walkabilityandpedestrianinfrastructureandamenities Bikeabilityandbicycleinfrastructureandamenities Considerationfortheprovisionofopportunitiesforcommunitygardens,

farmers’marketsandurbanagriculture Accessibilitytohealthyfood Inclusionofdesignstandardsthatencouragewalkableneighborhoods

Example PoliciesWalkabilityandConnectivitySetawalkabilitystandard(e.g.,¼to½mile)forresidentaccesstoneighborhoodservices,retailneeds,andthenearesttransitstops• Adoptmixed-useresidential,commercial,andofficezoningwhereappropriatetoencourage

walkability.• Workwithschooldistrictstoencouragewalkableschoolsites;encouragereuseofexisting

schoolsites;worktodevelopaproximitystandardforstudent’saccesstoschoolfacilities(e.g.,½to1mile).

• Adoptdensityminimumsforresidential,commercial,andretaildevelopmenttoensuredevelopmentthatsupportstransitfriendlyaswellaswalkableenvironments.

• Conductwalkabilityandbikeabilityauditstoidentifyopportunitiesandneeds• Conductwalkabilityandbikeabilityauditstoidentifyinconvenientordangerousroutesand

prioritizeinfrastructureimprovementsincommunitieswiththemostneed.• WorkwithlocalschooldistrictstoadoptSafeRoutestoSchoolPrograms• Ensurethatpedestrianroutesandsidewalksareintegratedintocontinuousnetworks.• Encourageblocksizelimitsthatareconducivetowalking.• Encourageappropriatelocationofkeycommunitydestinationstoincreaseconnectivityfor

pedestriansandbicyclists.• Identifyandimplementlandusepatternsthatareconducivetoconnectivityforpedestrians

andbicyclists.

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GrowthManagement• Encourage,andwhenappropriate,provideincentivesforinfilldevelopment.• Promotewalkabilityandpublictransitbyencouragingmixed-use,higher-density

developmentclosetocommunityamenities.• Promoteefficientgrowthinexistingurbanareasandprotectionofopenspace.• Participateinongoingmulti-jurisdictionalregionaltransportationplanningefforts.• Encouragearangeofhousingtypesthatmeetthediverseneedsofthecommunity.• Maintainhigh-qualityfacilitiesandinfrastructuretoservediversecommunityneeds.• Requirenewdevelopmenttopaycostsattributabletothatdevelopmentincludingimpacts

on:localstreets;localandregionaltransportationsystems;andpublicfacilitiessuchasparksandrecreation,schoolsandemergencyservices.

UrbanAgricultureandAccesstoHealthyFood• Encouragetheuseofvacantlotsforcommunitygardens.• Allowcommunitygardensasapermitteduseinallzonesandpreparespecific“community

garden”zoningregulations.• Identifyandinventorypotentialcommunitygarden/urbanfarmsitesonexistingparks,public

easementsandright-of-ways,andschoolsites.• Considerestablishingcommunitygardenstandard(e.g.,atleastonecommunitygardenfor

every2,500households).• Providecommunityeducationregardinggardening,composting,orsupportacommunity-

basedorganizationtodoso;prioritizeclassesinneighborhoodsthatlackaccesstohealthyfoodsand/orgreenspace.

• Identifyappropriatesitesforfarmers’markets(e.g.,publicspaces,cityparks)anddrop-offsitesforCommunity-SupportedAgriculture(CSA)(directmarketingbetweenfarmersandconsumers)–LocalCHOWLocallyPrograms.

• Preparespecificzoningregulationsforfarmers’marketsandCSAs.• Workwithlocaltransitagenciestoensurethatbusroutesprovideservicefrom

underservedneighborhoodstohealthyfoodretailoutlets.• Linkeffortstoprotectlocalfarmlandwiththedevelopmentofdiversemarketsforlocal

grownfood.• Workwithlocalfoodproducerstoprovideoptions/incentivestoprotectagriculturalland

fromurbandevelopment.• Supportstrategiesthatcapitalizeonthemutualbenefitofconnectionsbetweenrural

economiesasfoodproducersandurbaneconomiesasprocessorsandconsumers.• Providehigher-densityandinfillmixed-usedevelopmentaffordabletoallincomesonvacant

andunderutilizedparcelsthroughoutthecommunity.

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B. Neighborhood Preservation and Redevelopment Element; Housing Element; Conservation, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Neighborhoodconnectivityforaccesstobothinternalandexternaluses Neighborhoodwalkabilityandbikeability Provisioningofpublicspacesavailabletoeveryneighborhood Joint-useofneighborhoodamenitiessuchasschoolsandparks Considerationofincentivesfortheprovisionofhealthyfoodinunderserved

neighborhoods Provisionofsafeandhealthyhousingforallresident Provisionofadiversemixofhousingunits/typesthroughoutthecommunity

Example PoliciesWalkabilityandPublicSpaces• Pursuejoint-useagreementstosharefacilitieswithschools,especiallyinneighborhoodsthat

sufferadisproportionatelackofrecreationalfacilities.• Identifyopportunitiestoincreaseacreageoftotalrecreationalareas(e.g.,convertold

railroadright-of-waystobicycletrails,utilizepubliceasementsforcommunitygardens,prioritizenewparksinunderservedorlow-incomecommunities).

• Prioritizethedevelopmentofsafe,well-maintainedwalkingroutesbothinternalandexternaltotheneighborhood.

• Establishandfundahighlevelofservicestandardsforparks(e.g.,cleanliness,lighting).• Prioritizehealthyfooddevelopmentincentivesinneighborhoodswithahighratioof

convenience,fastfood,andliquorstores.• Considerlimitingthenumberorconcentrationof“formula”restaurantsviazoning

ordinance.• Banorlimitdrive-throughfoodoutlets,orthosewithincertaingeographicareas(e.g.,

neighborhoodsidentifiedasfooddeserts;proximitytoschools).• Balancecommercialandresidentialdevelopment(jobsandhousing)toreducethenumber

ofpeoplewhomustcommutealongdistancetowork.• Prioritizecommercial/economicdevelopmentstrategiesthatmatchjobstoexisting

residents’skillsandemploymentneeds.• Promotelocal-servingretailandpublicamenitiesatkeylocationswithinresidential

neighborhoods.

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NeighborhoodSafety• Supportcommunitypolicing,neighborhoodwatch,andwalking/bikingpolicepatrolsthat

engagecommunityresidents.• AdoptstreetdesignguidelinesthatincorporatestrategiesforCrimePreventionThrough

EnvironmentalDesign(CPTED)andSafeScapePrincipleswithoutcreatingbarriersthatdisconnectneighborhoods.

• Considerlimitingapprovalsofnewliquorlicensesintargetneighborhoods.• Utilizenuisanceenforcementtocloseliquorstoresthatfailtooperateinawaythatupholds

communityhealth,safety,andwelfare.• Pursueagraffitiabatementprogramtocleanupresidentialandcommercialproperties.• Encourageprivatelandownerstomaintainandupgradetheirpropertyinneighborhoods,

commercialcorridorsandindustrialareas.• Protectviableneighborhoodsandcommercialareasfromadverseimpactsofvacantand

underutilizedsitesandblightedbuildingsandstructures.

HousingLocation,AffordabilityandDiversity• Strivetoeliminateresidentialsegregationandconcentrationsofpovertybypromoting

affordablehousingthatisintegratedintomixed-incomeneighborhoods(e.g.,adoptincentivesforlongtermaffordablehousing).

• Removeobstaclestocohousingandothernontraditionalhousingtypes(e.g.,zoningthatallows“grannyflat”oraccessorydwellingunits).

• Providearangeofhousetypesandaffordablehousingunitswithinwalkingdistanceofschoolsandothercommunityfacilities(libraries,transitcenters,communitycenters,healthclinicsandsimilarfacilities).

• Maintainneighborhoodcontinuitybyencouragingaccesstonewaffordablehousingdevelopmentsforexistingresidents.

• Supporthealthyaginginplaceandchildhooddevelopmentbypromotingsafe,“complete”streetsandarangeofhousingtypesandaffordabilitywithinneighborhoods.

• Maintaintheavailabilityofanadequatesupplyofqualityhousingunitstomeettheneedsofallincomelevelsandcontinuetoencouragedevelopmentofadditionalqualityandaffordablehousingunits.

• Supportandencouragedevelopmentofarangeofhousingtypesthatmeettheneedsofabroadrangeofpopulationgroupsincludingseniors,largeandsmallfamilies,lowandmiddle-incomehouseholdsandpeopleofallabilities.

• Promotemixed-incomedevelopmentandarangeofaffordablehousingoptionsinallneighborhoods(e.g.,LandTrusts,cohousingandsupportivehousing).

• Protectpublichealthandsafetyinallaffordablehousingunitswithinthecommunitywhetherprivatelyorpublic/non-profitownedandmanaged.

• Supportdevelopmentandrehabilitationofhomestoprotectchildrenandvulnerablepopulationsfromhousing-relatedhealthandsafetyhazards(e.g,lead-basedpaint;asbestos-containingmaterialsandotherdemonstratedhealthandsafetyconcerns).

• Encouragedevelopmentandrehabilitationofhealthyhomesthataddresshealthconcernsincludingleadbasedpaintmitigation,moldandmoisturereduction,dustcontrol,radonandcarbonmonoxidecontrol,indoorairqualityimprovement,integratedpestmanagement,andsmoke-freehousing.

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C. Circulation Element; Bicycle Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: AdoptionofaCompleteStreetsPolicy SafeRoutestoSchoolPrograms TransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD) Transportationinfrastructurethatprovidesforaninterconnectedsystem

throughoutthecommunity/regionthatservesallresidentsandminimizes/mitigatesimpactsonneighborhoods

ActionPlanforBicycleFriendlyCommunities

Example PoliciesPhysicalEnvironmentDesign• Establishdesignguidelinesand/orlevelofservicestandardsforarangeofusers,including

accessforthedisabledandbicyclists.• IncorporatetheCompleteStreetselementsastheguidingprinciplesforacommunitybased

CompleteStreetsPolicy.• EncourageinvestmentinCompleteStreets.• Developandimplementstreetdesignguidelinesthatcreatewalkable,pleasantenvironments.• Identifystreettreesasanimportanttechniqueforstress-andcrime-reduction.• Adoptuniversaldesignprinciplesthataddressfacilitiessuchassidewalks,lighting,rampsfor

wheelchairsandbicycles,parkinginrearofbuildings,andwindowsthatfacethesidewalk/street.

• Usetrafficcalmingtechniquestoimprovestreetsafetyandaccess.• Requiretransportationengineerstomeetlevelofservicestandardsforpedestriansand

cyclistsinadditiontothoseestablishedforcars.• Requireadedicatedportionofthetransportationbudgettobeusedforpedestrianand

cyclistamenities.• Prioritizeattentiontomulti-modaltrafficaroundschools(potentialfundingavailablethrough

theADOTSafeRoutestoSchoolprogram).• Supplementfundingfor“completestreets”orSafeRoutestoSchoolprogramwith

additionalfundingmechanism(e.g.,portionofsalestax).• Requiredeveloperstobuildoptimalusefacilitiesforwalkers,bicyclists,andwheelchairsinall

newdevelopments.• Reduceparkingrequirementsfordevelopmentsthatlocateneartransit(e.g.,withina

quarter-mileofatransitstop)andthatincludewalking,biking,anddisabilityaccessfacilities.• Establishparkingmaximumrestrictionstodetervehicleuse.

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• Adoptroadwaydesignguidelinesthatenhancestreetconnectivity.• Adoptmixed-useresidential,commercial,andofficezoningwhereappropriatetoencourage

walkability.• Establishdensityminimumsforresidential,commercial,andretaildevelopmenttoensure

developmentthatsupportstransitandwalkableenvironments.• Buildandmaintainsafe,pleasantstreetsforwalkingandbicycling.• AdopttheBikeFriendlyCommunitiesProgramScorecardasaguideforthelocalbicycle

infrastructuresystem.

TransportationImprovements• Workwithregionalauthoritiestoimprovetransitservicelinkingresidentswithdestinations

(suchasjobsandretail),especiallyinunderservedneighborhoods.• Prioritizenewinfilldevelopmentneartransitnodes.• Supportbusinessdistrictsoutsideofcitycentersthatarewellservedbypublictransit.• Enhancesafetyandaccessibilityforpedestrians,bicyclistsandpublictransitriders.• Promotemixed-useurbanstreetsthatbalancepublictransit,walkingandbicyclingwith

othermodesoftravel.• Locatesensitiveuses,suchasschoolsandfamilyhousing,atleast500feetfromhighways• Plantruckroutesthatavoidneighborhoodsandschools.• Minimizethepollutionassociatedwithstop-and-gotrafficbyimplementingtrafficcalming

techniques(e.g.,replacingstoplights,stopsigns,andspeedbumpswithchicanes,narrowerstreets,ormodernroundabouts).

• Adoptapolicytopurchasefuel-efficient/low-emissionvehiclesforgovernmentfleet.• Incorporatetheuseofmultimodallevelofservicemeasuresintransportationdepartments.• Encourageuseofpedestrian/bicyclerouteanalysisaspartofsiteandbuildingconcept

development.• Encourageadoptionofpedestrian-friendlyvehicledesignstandards.• StrengthenSafeRoutestoSchoolprogramsandimproveinfrastructure.• Encourageuseofstreetdesignandfacilitiesthatincreasepedestrians’andbicyclists’safety

andcomfortlevels.• Encouragebicycleboulevards.• Encourageuseofsignage,maps,andotherwayfindingmethodsforpedestriansandbicyclists.• Promotewalkingandbicyclingasasafeandconvenientmodeoftransportationandan

opportunitytoencourageanactivelifestyle.

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D. Recreation Element; Open Space Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: PreparationofaHealthyLifestylePlanthatincludesaparksandopen

spacemasterplan,trailsmasterplan,andothercomponentsthatcontributetoahealthylifestyle

Walkabilitystandardsforaccesstoparks/recreationalareas Recreationalprogramsthataddresstheneedsandculturesofcommunity

residents

Example PoliciesActiveLifestyle• Preparea“ActiveLifestylePlan”thatprovidesacomprehensiveandintegratedsystemof

parks,plazas,playgrounds,trailsandopenspaceandprovidesconnectivitywithcommunityamenitiessuchasschools,librariesandotherculturalamenities.

• Implementwalkabilityandlevelofservicestandardsforparksandrecreationareas.• Setawalkabilitystandard(e.g.,¼to½mile)forresidents’accesstorecreationalfacilities.• Continuetoprovideadiverserangeofparktypes,functionsandrecreationalopportunities

tomeetthephysicalandsocialneedsofallresidents.• Expandandtailorrecreationalprogramsandservicestomeetevolvingcommunityneeds.• Providearangeofqualityrecreationalfacilitiesthatarewellmaintained,haveadequate

lighting,signage,hoursofoperationandrepresentthemulti-ethnicandmulticulturalneedsofthecommunity.

• Promotejointusefacilitiesthatpermitaccesstonon-jurisdictionaloperatedparksandrecreationalfacilities.

• Protectvisitorstoparksandrecreationalfacilitiesfromexposuretostructuralandsafetyhazards,crimeandotherhuman-inducedincidents.

• Promoteparkandfacilitydesignthatdiscouragesvandalism,deterscrime,providesnaturalsurveillanceandcreatesasafeandcomfortableenvironment.

• Improveaccesstolarge-scalenaturalareassuchasnaturalpreserveareas.• Expandparkandrecreationopportunitiesinallneighborhoodsandensurethattheyare

providedwithincomfortablewalkingdistanceofhomes,schoolsandbusinessesinordertoencouragemorephysicallyandsociallyactivelifestyles.

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E. Environmental Planning Element, Conservation Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: MitigationoftheUrbanHeatIslandEffect(UHI) Preparationofaclimateadaptationplan Strategiesforimprovingairquality Considerationsofgreenbuildingstrategiesandregulations IncorporationofLEEDbuildingstandardsforpublicbuildingsandforprivate

buildingsoveraspecificsize

Example PoliciesEnvironment• AddressmitigationoftheUrbanHeatIslandEffect(UHI)specificallyrelatingtotheimpacts

onthehealthofresidents.• ExaminethepotentiallongtermimpactsofClimateChangeandprepareaclimate

adaptationplan.• Addressenvironmentaljusticeissuesforbothexistingdevelopmentandfornew

development.

AirQuality• Supportregionalpoliciesandeffortsthatimproveairqualitytoprotecthumanand

environmentalhealthandminimizedisproportionateimpactsonsensitivepopulationgroups.• Prepareatreeplantingplanthatfocusesonprotectinganddevelopingtreecoveras

apriorityforhelpingtoimproveairqualityandmitigatetheUrbanHeatIslandEffect(UHI).

• Prioritizetheuseofnaturalfiltrationtoreducetheareasofimpermeablehardscapes.• Continuecraftingpoliciesthatreduceexposuretoharmfuleffectsofsecond-hand

smokeinindoorandoutdoorareas.• Identifyimprovingindoorairqualityasacommunitypriority.• Explorethefeasibilityofnewordinancesthatwouldeliminateexposuretosecondhand

smokebycreatingsmoke-freeenvironmentsforallworkplacesandmulti-unithousing.

GreenBuilding• Updatethebuildingcodetosupportcompliancewith“greenbuilding”practices.• Providefast-trackpermittingforprojectsthatimplement“greenbuilding”designand

construction.• Encourageorrequireallnewbuildingconstructiontoincorporategreenroofs.

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• Encourageconversionsofexistingroofspacetogreenroofs,toreduceheatislandeffectandmitigatecontaminatedwaterdrainageintostreams.

• Developstandardsforapprovingrainwaterharvestingsystems.• Fosterthegrowthofenvironmentallyfriendlyagriculturalbusinessandindustryby

encouragingsustainablepracticessuchasorganicfarming.• Promotegreenbuildingpracticesthatsupport“healthyhomes”.• Promotegreenbuildingpracticesthatpositivelybenefitat-riskpopulations.

Conservation• Continuetoworkwiththeappropriatelocal,state,andfederalagenciestopromotethe

clean-upandreuseofcontaminatedsitestoprotecthumanandenvironmentalhealth.• Workwithpublicandprivatelandownerstoprotectnaturalhabitatandbiodiversity

andpreservebiologicalresources.• Workwithregulatoryagenciestomonitorandenforcenoisestandardsinthe

community.

F. Energy Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Facilitatingthedevelopmentofdistributiveenergygeneration Developingaplanforreducingthecommunitycarbonfootprint Developinggreeninfrastructurestandardsfornewandretrofitstreet

projects ConsiderationofprovidingincentivesforNetZeroDevelopment(NZD)

Example PoliciesEnergyUse• Worktowardreducingtheoverallenergycarbonfootprintfromresidential,industrial,

transportationandcityoperations.• Requireenergyandresourceefficientbuildingsandlandscapinginallpublicandprivate

developmentprojects.• Encouragetheuseofgreenandsustainabledevelopmentstandardsandpracticesin

planning,design,constructionandrenovationofpublicfacilities.• Promotetheuseofgreenstreetsthatincorporateextensivelandscaping,pervious

surfacesandnativeplantings.• EncouragenewdevelopmentandredevelopmentprojectstobeLEED-certified(or

similar)greenbuildings;andpromoteecologically-sensitiveapproachestolandscaping.

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• Adoptinggreenstandardsandpracticeswillimprovethequalityofthebuiltenvironment,reduceenvironmentalimpactsandsupporteconomicdevelopmentgoalsforcreatingagreeneconomy.

• Developgreeninfrastructurestandardsthatrelyonnaturalprocessesforstormwaterdrainage,groundwaterrechargeandfloodmanagement.

• Promotethegeneration,transmissionanduseofarangeofrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpowertomeetcurrentandfuturedemand.

• Encouragenewdevelopmentandredevelopmentprojectstogeneratetheirenergyneedsthroughon-siterenewablesources(NetZeroDevelopment).

• Encouragethedevelopmentofdistributiveenergygenerationasacomponentofnewdevelopment.

• Identifyopportunitiesforinstallationofdistributiveenergygenerationfacilitiesinexistingdevelopment.

• Encouragetheuseofavailableclimate-friendliervehiclesandequipmenttoreduceenergyuseandcarbonemissionsandsupporttheuseoflow-emissionorrenewablefuelvehiclesbyresidentsandbusinesses,publicagenciesandCitygovernment.

G. Safety Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Neighborhoodpolicingtoreducedemandforpoliceservicesandencourageinteractionamongtheresidentsofcontiguousneighborhoods

Example Policies• Promoteactiveuseofpublicspacesinneighborhoodsandcommercialareasatalltimesofday

toprovide“eyes-on-the-street”.• Minimizethefloodhazardriskstopeople,propertyandtheenvironment.• Requiresafeproduction,transportation,handling,useanddisposalofhazardousmaterialsthat

maycauseair,waterorsoilcontamination.• Encouragebestpracticesinhazardouswastemanagementandensureconsistencywithcity,

county.stateandfederalregulations.• Protectexistingandfutureneighborhoodsandnaturalresourcesfromaccidentaloccurrences

bycontrollingthelocationofnew,andtheexpansionof,hazardouswastefacilities.• Minimizethepotentialriskfromelectromagneticfieldsgeneratedbyelectricaldistribution

linesandmonitorongoingresearchtoevaluateandreducerisks.• Promotecrimepreventionstrategiesandprovideahighlevelofresponsetoincidents.

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• Provideahighlevelofpoliceandfireserviceinthecommunity.• Emphasizepreventionandawarenessoffiresafetyguidelinestominimizeriskandpotential

damagetolife,propertyandtheenvironment.

H. Water Resources Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Considerationofgreeninfrastructurestandardstoreducestormwater

runoffandrechargetheaquifer Encourageuseofgreywaterandon-siteharvestingofstormwaterrunoff

Example Policies• Workwithpublicandprivatepropertyownerstoreducestormwaterrunoffandfacilitatethe

rechargeofgroundwateraquifers.• Promotewaterconservationandrecycledwateruse.

I. Cost of Development Element

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Newdevelopmentrequiredtopayforthecostofdevelopment

Example Policies• Requirenewdevelopmenttoprovideproportionatefacilitiesandinfrastructure

improvementsasitoccurs.

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J. Public Buildings and Services

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Joint-useagreementswithotherpublicentities Whenappropriate,joint-useagreementswithprivateandnon-profitentities

Example PoliciesInvestmentinPublicFacilities• Investinimprovementstopublicfacilitiesthatprovidesocial,economicandcommunity

benefitsinunderservedneighborhoodsincluding:educationalfacilities,parks,playgrounds,librariesandcommunitycenters;streetscapeimprovementssuchaspedestrian-scalelighting,safepedestrianandbicycleroutes,landscapingandtrafficcalming;andprogramsforcommunitygardensandurbanagriculture.

• Maintainhigh-qualityfacilitiesandinfrastructuretoservediversecommunityneeds.• Continuetopromoteequitabledistributionofcommunityfacilitiesandinfrastructuretobe

locatednearresidentsinordertoserveasneighborhoodcentersandmaximizeuse.• Protectthequalityoflifeforresidents,businessesandvisitors.• Considerhealth,safetyandaestheticimpactsofsitingneworexistinginfrastructureand

utilitiesandensurethatimpactsandbenefitsarenotdisproportionatelydistributedtoanypartsofthejurisdiction.

• Developandsupportstrategiesandprogramsthatwillprovideuniversalaccesstofacilities,amenitiesandinfrastructure.

• Encouragejointuseorco-locationofpublicandprivatefacilitiestomaximizeeducational,culturalandrecreationalopportunities.

• Promoteflexibilityinthedesignandprogrammingofpublicfacilitiestoaccommodatechangingneedsandculturaldiversity.

• Encouragethepublicuseofpropertyownedandoperatedbylocalschooldistricts,othereducationalinstitutions,andprivatefacilitiestomaximizemultiplefunctions.

• Maintaininfrastructureandfacilities.

GreenInfrastructure• Promotegreenandsustainablepracticesandapproachesinplanning,design,construction,

renovationandmaintenanceofpublicfacilities.• Promoteecologically-sensitiveapproachesinlandscaping,stormwaterdrainage,groundwater

rechargeandfloodcontrol.

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NeighborhoodFacilitiesandCenters• Investinlocal-servingfacilitiestosupportrevitalizationofneighborhoodsandimprovethe

qualityoflifeforresidents.• Promotetheuseofcommunityfacilitiesasneighborhoodcenters.

K. Healthy Eating Active Lifestyle Element (ThiselementnotrequiredbyStateStatute)

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Limitationsonfastfoodrestaurants Considerationofincentivesforretailersprovidingaccesstohealthyfood Zoningregulationsthataccommodatecommunitygardens,farmers’markets

andurbanagriculture Walkabilitystandardsforaccesstohealthyfood Programstoidentifyopportunitiesforestablishingcommunitygardensand

farmersmarkets Programsthataddressfoodsecuritybyestablishingacomprehensivefood

programthatfocusesonalocalsystemforgrowing,transportinganddeliveringhealthyfood

ConsiderationoftheuseofHealthImpactAssessments(HIA)asatoolformeasuringthehealthyimpactsofpolicies,programs,andprojects

Example PoliciesSupportAccessibilitytoHealthyFood• Prepareafoodpolicyplanandestablishafoodpolicycouncil.• Enactsupportivelandusepolicies.• Considerlimitingthenumberorconcentrationof“fastfood”restaurantsviazoningordinance• Banorlimitdrive-throughfoodoutlets,orthosewithincertaingeographicareas(e.g.,within

500’ofaschool).• Identifyfastfoodrestaurants,liquor,andconveniencestoresas“conditionaluses”only;require

conditionalusereviewuponleaserenewaloratpointofbusinesssale.• Identifyaccesstoagrocerystoreasapriorityforeconomicdevelopment.• Establishawalkabilitystandard(e.g.,¼to½mile)foraccesstoretailers/sourcesoffresh

produce.• Assessandplanforlocalfoodprocessing/wholesaling/distributionfacilitiestoconnectlocal

agriculturetomarketssuchasretailers,restaurants,schools,hospitals,andotherinstitutions.• Promotetheavailabilityoffreshfruitsandvegetablesandqualityfoods,especiallyinlow-

incomeandunderservedneighborhoods.

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• Attractawiderangeofhealthyfoodsourcessuchasfull-servicegrocerystores,ethnicfoodmarkets,farmstands,communitygardens,edibleschoolyardsandfarmers’markets.

• Encourageconveniencestores,supermarkets,liquorstoresandneighborhoodandethnicmarketstocarryfreshproduce,meatsanddairy,100%juicesandwhole-grainproductsespeciallyinlow-incomeandunderservedneighborhoods.

• Supportsustainablelocalfoodsystemsincludingfarmer’smarkets,communitysupportedagriculture,urbanagriculture,federalfoodassistanceprogramsandhealthyfoodretailers.

FacilitateSiteIdentificationandDevelopmentforHealthyFoodGrowersandRetailers• Supportlocalagricultureonvacantlandandprovidelandforsmallfarmoperations.• Reclaimabandonedpropertiesforurbanagriculture.• Clean-upbrownfieldsandgreyfieldsaspotentialsitesforgrocerystoresinunderserved

neighborhoods.• Supportfarmers’markets,freshfoodstandsandcommunitygardenstosupplementthe

availabilityofhealthyfood.

NutritionPrograms• Encouragerestaurantstoservehealthyfoodsandworkwiththelocalhealthdepartmentto

providenutritionalinformationtocustomers.• Developandimplementaprogramtoencouragenewandexistingconveniencestores,

supermarkets,liquorstoresandneighborhoodandethnicmarketstostockfreshproduce,meatsanddairy,100%juicesandwhole-grainproducts.

• Developinformationthatassistsresidentsinevaluatingnutrition,sugar,saltandtrans-fatcontentoflocalfoodchoices.

• Developandadoptanordinancerequiringnutritionstandardsforvendingmachinebeveragesandsnackssoldonjurisdiction-ownedproperty.

• Increaseprofitmarginsbysellingtotraditionallynon-servedmarkets.

HealthyFoodIncentivePrograms• Providegrants,low-interestloans,andservicesasincentivesforprovidinghealthyfood.• Providefinancingsupportforlocalandregionalproducersthatprovidehealthyfoodaccess

tounderservedcommunities.• Linksmallretailerswithlocalfarmersandfarmers’markets.• Providebusinessdevelopmentandmarketingassistancetovendors.• Prioritizehealthyfooddevelopmentincentivesinareaswithahighratioofconvenience,fast

food,andliquorstores.• Utilizeexistingeconomicdevelopmentincentivesand/orcreatenewincentivestoencourage

storestosellfresh,healthyfoodssuchasproduceinunderservedareas(e.g.,taxbreaks,grantsandloans,conditionalusezoning,dedicatedassistancefundsforinfrastructureimprovementssuchasrefrigerationandsignage).

ActiveLifestyle• ConsiderpoliciesidentifiedfortheRecreationElementandOpenSpaceElement

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L. Organizational Policies

ChecklistTheGeneralPlanaddresses: Strategiesandrecommendationsforimplementation Implementationprogramthatidentifiesresponsibilitiesandimplementationtimelinesand

deadlines Establishesameasurementandannualreviewprocesstodetermineimplementation

success Flexibilitytoprovideforchangestoplanswhenneedsarise

Example Policies• StrengthentheCity’sinternalcapacitytosupportandimplementhealth-relatedpoliciesand

programs.• Partnerwithpublichealthprofessionals,community-basedorganizations,foundationsand

otherregionalagenciestobuildcapacityamongstaff,boardsandcommissionsandelectedofficialswithregardtohealthanditsrelationshipwiththedesignofthebuiltenvironment.

• Promotetheuseofhealthcriteriainreviewingandapprovingnewdevelopmentandredevelopmentprojectstomaximizetheirhealthbenefitsandminimizeoreliminatehealthimpacts.

• Supportongoingmonitoringandtrackingofhealthoutcomesandtheirrelationshipwithpoliciesandprograms.

• HealthImpactAssessments(HIA)shouldbeconsideredforuseforallprojects,programs,andpoliciesthathaveapotentialimpactonresidenthealth.

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RESOURCE GUIDEExamples of Healthy Community Design General PlanArizonaAvondaleGeneralPlanUpdatehttp://az-avondale.civicplus.com/index.aspx?NID=1353

SurpriseGeneralPlanUpdateHealth&SafetyElementhttp://www.surpriseaz.gov/index.aspx?NID=1632

CaliforniaRichmond,CACommunityHealthandWellnessElementhttp://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/docs.php?ogid=1000000647

SanFrancisco,CASanFranciscoParksandOpenSpaceElementhttp://www.sf-planning.org/ftp/General_Plan/I3_Rec_and_Open_Space.htm

OregonPortlandPlan,Portland,Oregonhttp://www.portlandonline.com/portlandplan/

PUBLICATIONSGeneral HOWTOCREATEANDIMPLEMENTHEALTHYGENERALPLANS–ATOOLKITFORBUILDINGHEALTHY,VIBRANTCOMMUNITIESPublicHealthLaw&Policyhttp://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/create_implement_gp

HEALTHYPLANNINGPOLICIES–ACOMPENDIUMFORCALIFORNIAGENERALPLANSPUBLICHEALTHLAW&POLICYhttp://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/products/healthy-planning-policies

GENERALPLANSANDZONING–ATOOLKITFORBUILDINGHEALTHY,VIBRANTCOMMUNITIESPublicHealthLaw&Policyhttp://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/products/general-plans-and-zoning

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HEALTHYPLANNINGGUIDEPublicHealthLaw&Policyhttp://www.phlpnet.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/BARHII_Healthy_Planning_Guide_FINAL_web_090821_0.pdf

INTEGRATINGPLANNINGANDPUBLICHEALTH–TOOLSANDSTRATEGIESTOCREATEHEALTHYPLACESAMERICANPLANNINGASSOCIATIONhttp://www.planning.org/

MULTIPLEPUBLICATIONSAVAILABLECenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention–DesigningandBuildingHealthyPlaceshttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/default.htm

TransportationGETTINGINVOLVEDINTRANSPORTATIONPLANNING–ANOVERVIEWFORPUBLICHEALTHADVOCATESPublicHealthLawandPolicywww.phlpnet.org

TRANSPORTATIONANDHEALTHY–POLICYINTERVENTIONSFORSAFER,HEALTHIERPEOPLEANDCOMMUNITIESPartnershipforPreventionhttp://www.prevent.org/Additional-Pages/Transportation-and-Health.aspx

KIDSWALKTOSCHOOL–IMPROVESTHEBUILTENVIRONMENTCenterforDiseaseControlandPreventionhttp://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/kidswalk/

SAFEROUTESTOSCHOOLLOCALPOLICYGUIDESafeRoutestoSchoolNationalPartnershiphttp://www.saferoutespartnership.org/home

COMPLETESTREETSPOLICYANALYSIS2010NationalCompleteStreetsCoalitionwww.completestreets.org

MODELCOMPREHENSIVEPLANLANGUAGEONCOMPLETESTREETSNationalPolicyandLegalAnalysistoPreventChildhoodObesity–PublicHealthLaw&Policywww.nplan.orgorwww.phlpnet.org

HEALTHY,EQUITABLETRANSPORTATIONPOLICY-RECOMMENDATIONSANDRESEARCHPolicyLink;PreventionInstitute;ConvergencePartnershiphttp://www.convergencepartnership.org/site/c.fhLOK6PELmF/b.5327643/k.BF0B/Transportation_RX.htm

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ATTHEINTERSECTIONOFPUBLICHEALTHANDTRANSPORTATION–PROMOTINGHEALTHYTRANSPORTATIONPOLICYAmericanPublicHealthAssociationhttp://www.apha.org/NR/rdonlyres/0ECFA0F5-1C85-4323-A051-903513BE3B30/0/AttheIntersectionPHandTransportationNewCover.pdf

DANGEROUSBYDESIGN2011–SOLVINGTHEEPIDEMICOFPREVENTABLEPEDESTRIANDEATHSTransportationforAmericahttp://t4america.org/resources/dangerousbydesign2011/

Healthy Eating Acive LivingICMACOMMUNITYHEALTHANDFOODACCESS–THELOCALGOVERNMENTROLEhttp://icma.org/en/icma/knowledge_network/documents/kn/Document/7598/Community_Health_and_Food_Access_The_Local_Government_Role

HEALTHYFOOD,HEALTHYCOMMUNITIES–PROMISINGSTRATEGIESTOIMPROVEACCESSTOFRESH,HEALTHYFOODANDTRANSFORMCOMMUNITIESPolicyLinkwww.policylink.org

FASINFAT:HOWOBESITYTHREATENSAMERICASFUTURE2011TrustforAmerica’sHealthwww.healthyamericans.org

OBESITYANDITSRELATIONTOMORTALITYANDMORBIDITYCOSTSSocietyofActuarieshttp://www.soa.org/files/pdf/research-2011-obesity-relation-mortality.pdf

Joint-UseLIABILITYRISKSFORAFTER-HOURSUSEOFPUBLICSCHOOLPROPERTYTOREDUCEOBESITYNationalPolicyandLegalAnalysistoPreventChildhoodObesityhttp://www.nplanonline.org/nplan/products/liabilitysurvey

OPENINGSCHOOLGROUNDSTOTHECOMMUNITYAFTERHOURS-ATOOLKITFORINCREASINGPHYSICALACTIVITYTHROUGHJOINTUSEAGREEMENTSPublicHealthLawandPolicyhttp://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/products/joint_use_toolkit

OPENINGSCHOOLPROPERTYAFTERHOURS-APRIMERONLIABILITYPublicHealthLawandPolicywww.nplan.orgorwww.phlpnet.org

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WEBSITESActiveLivingNetworkhttp://www.activeliving.org/

ActiveLivingByDesignhttp://www.activelivingbydesign.org/

AmericanPlanningAssociationCommunityHealthResearchCenterhttp://planning.org/research/publichealth/index.htmhttp://planninghealthycommunities.webs.com/

AmericanPublicHealthAssociationhttp://www.apha.org/

AmericanSocietyofLandscapeArchitectshttp://www.asla.org/livable.aspx

ArizonaHealthSurveyhttp://www.arizonahealthsurvey.org/

CenterforDiseaseControlandPreventionhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/

ChildhoodObesity–RobertWoodJohnsonFoundationhttp://www.rwjf.org/childhoodobesity/

CompleteStreetshttp://www.completestreets.org/

DesignForHealthhttp://www.designforhealth.net/resources/internet.html

EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhttp://www.epa.gov/agingepa/bhc/guide/

GrowingSmarter,LivingHealthier:AGuidetoSmartGrowthandActiveAginghttp://www.epa.gov/aging/bhc/guide/HealthImpactProjecthttp://www.healthimpactproject.org/

HealthyCitiesCampaignhttp://www.healcitiescampaign.org/general_plan.html

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HealthyCommunitieshttp://www.lgc.org/issues/healthycommunities.html

HealthyKids,HealthyCommunitieshttp://www.healthykidshealthycommunities.org/

LeagueofAmericanBicyclistshttp://www.bikeleague.org/index.php

LeagueofMichiganBicyclists–AdvocacyToolkithttp://www.lmb.org/index.php/Advocacy-Toolkit/Advocacy-Toolkit/

NationalPolicy&LegalAnalysisNetworktoPreventChildhoodObesityhttp://www.nplanonline.org/nplan/focus/community-environment

ParticipatinginthePlanningProcesshttp://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/participating-planning-process

PolicyLinkhttp://www.policylink.org/

TrustforAmericasHealthwww.healthyamericans.org

WalkFriendlyCommunitieshttp://www.walkfriendly.org/index.cfm; http://www.walkinginfo.org/

WalkableandLivableCommunitieshttp://www.walklive.org/

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSTheNationalAssociationofCityandCountyHealthOfficials(NACCHO)hasa“CommunityDesignandLandUseProgram”webportal,whichincludesfactsheets,profiles,aflowchartforcollaborationbetweenplannersandhealthdepartments,aplanning/healthjargonglossary,andotherresourceswww.naccho.org/topics/hpdp/Land_Use_Planning.cfm

TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilhaspublishedareport,“UnderstandingtheRelationshipBetweenPublicHealthandtheBuiltEnvironment”,whichcompilesextensiveresearchonthehealthimpactsofvariouslandusepatternsandtransportationdesigns.www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=1480

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DesignforHealthisacollaborationbetweentheUniversityofMinnesotaandBlueCrossandBlueShieldofMinnesotaaimingtoconnectlocalgovernmentswithnewresearchintothehealthinfluencesofbuiltenvironments.Thewebsiteincludesatechnicalassistancelibrary,factsheets,andcasestudies.www.designforhealth.net

ActiveLivingbyDesignisanationalprogramsponsoredbytheRobertWoodJohnsonFoundationandtheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillSchoolofPublicHealth.Thewebsitecontainsusefulstatisticsandcasestudiesoneffortstopromotephysicalactivityviaenvironmentalchanges.www.activelivingbydesign.org

ActiveLivingResearchisanationalprogramsponsoredbytheRobertWoodJohnsonFoundationthatsupportsresearchtoexaminehowenvironmentsandpoliciesinfluenceactivelivingforchildrenandtheirfamilies.Thewebsiteincludesanonlineresearchdatabaseandpolicy-relatedcasestudies.www.activelivingresearch.org

TheCommunityFoodSecurityCoalitionprovidesinformationonfoodsystems,assessingfoodsecurity,andprotectinglocalproducesuppliers.www.foodsecurity.org

TOOLS AND TOOLKITSAARP–CompleteStreetsPolicyInventoryandEvaluationhttp://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/2009_02_streets_5.pdf

AARP–LivableCommunities:AnEvaluationGuidehttp://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/d18311_communities.pdf

CDCTransportationHealthImpactAssessmentToolkithttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/transportation/HIA_toolkit.htmChecklistforDevelopingaJointUseAgreement(JUA)www.phlpnet.org

CommunitySelf-Assessmenthttp://www.epa.gov/agingepa/bhc/guide/#assessment

(The)CommunityToolboxhttp://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/index.aspx

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HealthyCommunityDesign/LandUsePlanningToolboxhttp://www.naccho.org/topics/environmental/landuseplanning/index.cfm

HealthyDevelopmentMeasurementToolhttp://www.thehdmt.org/

LeadershipforHealthyCommunities-AdvancingPoliciestoSupportHealthyEatingandActiveLivingAction Strategies Toolkit - A Guide for Local and State Leaders Working to Create Healthy Communities and Prevent Childhood Obesity

LeadershipforHealthyCommunitieshttp://www.leadershipforhealthycommunities.org/

ModelDesignManualforLivingStreetshttp://www.modelstreetdesignmanual.com/

NACTOUrbanBikewayDesignGuideNationalAssociationofCityTransportationOfficials(NACTO)http://nacto.org/cities-for-cycling/design-guide/PortaltoVariousAssessment,Audit,andChecklistToolshttp://www.walkinginfo.org/problems/audits-general.cfm

TransportationandHealthToolkithttp://www.apha.org/advocacy/priorities/issues/transportation/Toolkit.htm

USDOT–BikeabilityChecklisthttp://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/pedbimot/bike/Bikeability/index.htm

WEBINARSThePowerofPolicy:ACost-EffectiveToolforImprovingPublicHealthhttp://www.apha.org/programs/cba/CBA/webinars/

UsingtheGeneralPlanUpdatetoAddressAccesstoPhysicalActivityandHealthyFoodhttp://www.healcitiescampaign.org/webinars.html

HealthyPeople,HealthyPlacesWebinarSerieshttp://www.convergencepartnership.org/site/c.fhLOK6PELmF/b.6216573/k.225F/Healthy_People_Healthy_Places_Webinar_Series.htm

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FACT SHEETS AND TALKING POINTSComplete Street Fact SheetsActive Facts: Complete Streets for Active Communities-TheActiveLivingResourceCenterprovidesguidanceonmakingthestreetsmeettheneedsforalltransportationusers.

Complete Streets/Calles Completas-PlanningforHealthyPlaces,aprogramofthePublicHealthInstitute’sPublicHealthLaw&Policyproject,offersgeneralfactsheetsinbothEnglishandSpanish.

Making the Case for Active Transportation-TheCanadianFitnessandLifestyleResearchInstitutehasdevelopedthisseriesoffactsheetsfocusedondesigningcommunitiestomovepeople,notcars.PublicationsincludeHealthBenefits,BarrierstoActiveTransportation,IncreasingSocialCapital,andtheRoleforMunicipalDecisionMakers.

Complete Streets in Station-Area Plans-TheGreatCommunitiesCollaborativedevelopedacomprehensivefactsheetontheneedtointegratecompletestreetsconceptsintransitstationareaplans,aswellasgeneralinformationontheneedtocreatestreetsforallusers.

Other Fact Sheets

CommunityEnvironmentalHealthAssessmentinPeruhttp://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Docs/Factsheets/Community_Environmental_Health_Assessment_in_Peru.pdf

DesigningandBuildingHealthyPlaceshttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/factsheets/Designing_and_Building_Healthy_Places_factsheet_Final.pdf

FundingSourcesforHealthyRetailhttp://www.phlpnet.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/editor/FoodRetailPrograms.pdf

Gettingtogrocery:Toolsforattractinghealthyfoodretailtounderservedneighborhoodshttp://www.phlpnet.org/system/files/Getting_to_Grocery_FINAL_090909.pdf

GettingInvolvedinTransportationPlanning-AnOverviewforPublicHealthAdvocatesPublicHealthLawandPolicywww.phlpnet.org

HealthImpactAssessmentFactSheethttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/publications/Health_Impact_Assessment2.pdf

HealthIssuesrelatedtocommunitydesignhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/factsheets/Health_Issues_Related_to_Community_Design_factsheet_Final.pdf

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ImpactoftheBuiltEnvironmentonHealthhttp://www.cdc.gov/nceh/publications/factsheets/ImpactoftheBuiltEnvironmentonHealth.pdf

JointUseFactSheetwww.nplan.org

JointUse-50Statesurvey(Overview)http://www.nplanonline.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/Overview_JointUse_Final_SP_20100713.pdf

Liabilityrisksforafterhoursuseofpublicschoolproperty:A50Statesurvey.(AZ)http://www.nplanonline.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/AZ_JointUse_Final_SP_scs_20090311_revised_20111117.pdf

Publichealthtermsforplanningandpublichealthprofessionalshttp://www.planning.org/research/healthy/pdf/jargonfactsheet.pdf

Protocolforassessingcommunityexcellenceinenvironmentalhealthhttp://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Docs/Factsheets/PACE_EH_CEHA.pdf

Toolsforassessinghealthimpactsoflandusepoliciesandprogramshttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/factsheets/Tools_to_Assess_Health_Impacts_factsheet_Final.pdf

UsingRedevelopmenttocreateHealthierCommunitieshttp://www.phlpnet.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/Redev_factsheet_FINAL_web_090303.pdf

Workingwithelectedofficialstopromotehealthylanduseplanningandcommunitydesignhttp://www.planning.org/research/healthy/pdf/electedofficialsfactsheet.pdf

Zoning:Talkingpointshttp://www.phlpnet.org/sites/phlpnet.org/files/PHLP_Zoning_0.pdf

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CHRONIC DISEASE DATAPercentofadultsage18andoverwithaBMIof30orabove(obese)Source Year US AZ MaricopaBRFSS 2010* 27.6 25.2 22.9PercentofhighschoolstudentswithBMIatorabove95thpercentile(obese)Source Year US AZ MaricopaYRBS 2009 12.0 13.1 NAPercentofadultsage18andoverwithaBMIbetween25-29(overweight)Source Year US AZ MaricopaBRFSS(Adult) 2010* 36.2 39.7 41.7PercentofhighschoolstudentswithBMIbetween85thand95thpercentile(overweight)Source Year US AZ MaricopaYRBS(HighSchool)

2009 15.8 14.6 NA

PercentofadultswhohaveeverbeentoldthattheyhaveasthmabyahealthcareproviderSource Year US AZ MaricopaBRFSS 2010* 13.8 15.6 13.6PercentofhighschoolstudentswhohavebeentoldtheyhaveasthmabyahealthcareproviderSource Year US AZ MaricopaYRBS 2009 22.0 20.9 NAPercentofadultswhohaveeverbeentoldbyahealthcareproviderthattheyhaveasthmaandcurrentlystillhaveasthma.Source Year US AZ MaricopaBRFSS 2010* 9.1 10.3 9.4Percentofhighschoolstudentswhohaveeverbeentoldbyahealthcareproviderthattheyhaveasthmaandcurrentlystillhaveasthma.Source Year US AZ MaricopaYRBS 2009 10.8 8.6 NAPercentofadultsage18andoverwhohavebeentoldtheyhavediabetes(non-gestational)byahealthcareproviderSource Year US AZ MaricopaBRFSS 2010* 8.7 9.0 7.7AgeadjusteddeathratefromheartdiseaseSource Year US AZ MaricopaCDC 2007 190.9/100,000 NA NAAZDHS 2009 N/A 145/100,000 143.3/100,000*Yeardatacollected,notpublished

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GLOSSARY OF TERMSAPA AZ MAC21 PROJECT-MakingArizonaCompetitiveinthe21stCentury(MAC21),isaninitiativeoftheAmericanPlanningAssociationArizonaChapter(APAAZ).MAC21isaprocessofdefiningthe21stCenturyInfrastructurecomponents.Thisgroup,theMAC21Committee,hasdiscussedwhatcomprises21stCenturyInfrastructureandhowtoestablishastatewidestrategythatwillbenefitbothurbanandruralcommunities.ThisistheopportunityformembersoftheArizonaPlanningAssociationtoassumealeadershiproleandhelpshapethefutureofArizona.

COMPLETE STREETS-CompleteStreetsaredesignedandoperatedtoenablesafeaccessforallusers.Pedestrians,bicyclists,motoristsandtransitridersofallagesandabilitiesmustbeabletosafelymovealongandacrossacompletestreet.CompleteStreetsmakeiteasytocrossthestreet,walktoshops,andbicycletowork.Theyallowbusestorunontimeandmakeitsafeforpeopletowalktoandfromtrainstations.

ThroughCompleteStreetspolicies,communitiesdirecttheirtransportationplannersandengineerstodesignandoperatetheentirestreetrightofwaytoenablesafeaccessforallusers,regardlessofage,ability,ormodeoftransportation.Thismeansthateverytransportationprojectwillmakethestreetnetworkbetterandsaferfordrivers,transitusers,pedestrians,andbicyclists.

CPTED-CrimePreventionThroughEnvironmentalDesign(CPTED)isamulti-disciplinaryapproachtodeterringcriminalbehaviorthroughenvironmentaldesign.CPTEDstrategiesrelyontheabilitytoinfluenceoffenderdecisionsthatprecedecriminalacts.

SAFESCAPE–SafeScapeisanapproachforunderstandinghowthedesignofthephysicalenvironmentimpactsthesafetyandhealthofcommunityresidents.Oncethoseimpactsareidentified,SafeScapetakestheapproachofaddressingtheseimpactsbyworkingwiththecommunitytofocusoncreatingasenseofcommunity.SafeScapeisaboutchanginghowpeoplethinkof,andinteractwith,thephysicalenvironmentandhowthephysicalenvironmentinfluencesphysical,socialandeconomichealth.SafeScapeisaboutenablingasenseofcommunityaswellasmaintainingandsustaininglivability.

SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOL PROGRAM-SafeRoutestoSchool(SRTS)programsaresustainedeffortsbyparents,schools,communityleadersandlocal,state,andfederalgovernmentstoimprovethehealthandwell-beingofchildrenbyenablingandencouragingthemtowalkandbicycletoschool.

SRTSprogramsexamineconditionsaroundschoolsandconductprojectsandactivitiesthatworktoimprovesafetyandaccessibility,andreducetrafficandairpollutioninthevicinityofschools.Asaresult,theseprogramshelpmakebicyclingandwalkingtoschoolsaferandmoreappealingtransportationchoicesthusencouragingahealthyandactivelifestylefromanearlyage.

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SMART GROWTH–Growthissmartwhenitgivesusgreatcommunities,withmorechoicesandpersonalfreedom,goodreturnonpublicinvestment,greateropportunityacrossthecommunity,athrivingnaturalenvironment,andalegacywecanbeproudtoleaveourchildrenandgrandchildren.

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GENERAL PLAN CHECKLISTA. Land Use Element; Growth Area Element

Aprovisionformixed-usedevelopment Increasesinresidentialdensitiesintargetedareas(TODandinfill

development) Connectivityofneighborhoodsanddiverselanduses Walkabilityandpedestrianinfrastructureandamenities Bikeabilityandbicycleinfrastructureandamenities Considerationfortheprovisionofopportunitiesforcommunitygardens,

farmers’marketsandurbanagriculture Accessibilitytohealthyfood Inclusionofdesignstandardsthatencouragewalkableneighborhoods

B. Neighborhood Preservation and Redevelopment Element; Housing Element; Conservation, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment Element

Neighborhoodconnectivityforaccesstobothinternalandexternaluses Neighborhoodwalkabilityandbikeability Provisioningofpublicspacesavailabletoeveryneighborhood Joint-useofneighborhoodamenitiessuchasschoolsandparks Considerationofincentivesfortheprovisionofhealthyfoodinunderserved

neighborhoods Provisionofsafeandhealthyhousingforallresident Provisionofadiversemixofhousingunits/typesthroughoutthecommunity

C. Circulation Element; Bicycle Element

AdoptionofaCompleteStreetsPolicy SafeRoutestoSchoolPrograms TransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD) Transportationinfrastructurethatprovidesforaninterconnectedsystem

throughoutthecommunity/regionthatservesallresidentsandminimizes/mitigatesimpactsonneighborhoods

ActionPlanforBicycleFriendlyCommunities

D. Recreation Element; Open Space Element

PreparationofaHealthyLifestylePlanthatincludesaparksandopenspacemasterplan,trailsmasterplan,andothercomponentsthatcontributetoahealthylifestyle

Walkabilitystandardsforaccesstoparks/recreationalareas

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Recreationalprogramsthataddresstheneedsandculturesofcommunityresidents

E. Environmental Planning Element, Conservation Element

MitigationoftheUrbanHeatIslandEffect(UHI) Preparationofaclimateadaptationplan Strategiesforimprovingairquality Considerationsofgreenbuildingstrategiesandregulations IncorporationofLEEDbuildingstandardsforpublicbuildingsandforprivate

buildingsoveraspecificsize

F. Energy Element

Facilitatingthedevelopmentofdistributiveenergygeneration Developingaplanforreducingthecommunitycarbonfootprint Developinggreeninfrastructurestandardsfornewandretrofitstreet

projects ConsiderationofprovidingincentivesforNetZeroDevelopment(NZD)

G. Safety Element

Neighborhoodpolicingtoreducedemandforpoliceservicesandencourageinteractionamongtheresidentsofcontiguousneighborhoods

H. Water Resources Element

Considerationofgreeninfrastructurestandardstoreducestormwaterrunoffandrechargetheaquifer

Encourageuseofgreywaterandon-siteharvestingofstormwaterrunoff

I. Cost of Development Element

Newdevelopmentrequiredtopayforthecostofdevelopment

J. Public Buildings and Services

Joint-useagreementswithotherpublicentities Whenappropriate,joint-useagreementswithprivateandnon-profitentities

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K. Healthy Eating Active Lifestyle Element (ThiselementnotrequiredbyStateStatute)

Limitationsonfastfoodrestaurants Considerationofincentivesforretailersprovidingaccesstohealthyfood Zoningregulationsthataccommodatecommunitygardens,farmers’markets

andurbanagriculture Walkabilitystandardsforaccesstohealthyfood Programstoidentifyopportunitiesforestablishingcommunitygardensand

farmersmarkets Programsthataddressfoodsecuritybyestablishingacomprehensivefood

programthatfocusesonalocalsystemforgrowing,transportinganddeliveringhealthyfood

ConsiderationoftheuseofHealthImpactAssessments(HIA)asatoolformeasuringthehealthyimpactsofpolicies,programs,andprojects

L. Organizational Policies

Strategiesandrecommendationsforimplementation Implementationprogramthatidentifiesresponsibilitiesandimplementation

timelinesanddeadlines Establishesameasurementandannualreviewprocesstodetermine

implementationsuccess Flexibilitytoprovideforchangestoplanswhenneedsarise.

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AcknowledgementsHealthy Community Design Collaborative

AmericanPlanningAssociationAZChapterMAC21ProjectArizonaDepartmentofHealthLivableCommunitiesCoalitionMaricopaCountyDepartmentofPublicHealthSt.Luke’sHealthInitiativesSonoranInstitute

PhotographsPhotosobtainedthroughthecreativecommonslicenseviaFlickrFlickrnamesandIDs:Battlecat,BikeWeek,Boeke,Cobalt123,fotoID,JanMiller,KenLund,lungstruck,Ms.Phoenix,mswine,RafaelooOshiro,RobynKingsley,Thomas23,andYuriArtibise

CONTACT INFORMATION

ProvideFeedbackto:DeanBrennan,FAICPdbrennan.plc@cox.net480-390-9185

APA AZ MAC21 Project