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“It does not matter how slowly you go as long as
you do not stop”
Confucius
Healthy Aging
Social
Engagement
Healthy Diet
Spirituality
Life
LaughterPhysical
Exercise
Healthy
Brain
Candace Harrington, DNP, APRN, AGPCNP-BCEast Carolina University College of NursingClinical Associate Professor
01/11/2017 Albemarle Area Agency on Aging SymposiumElizabeth City, NC
• Overall physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being
• Minimize disability
• Live longer
• Decrease problems that make us sick
• Improve physical and mental ability
• Enhance quality of life
SUCCESSFUL AGING
Centenarians
• Fastest growing segment of population, ≥ 85 second fastest
• Currently 40,000 (1/10,000)
• 3 million baby boomer estimate
• Markedly delay or escape age-relateddiseases (Heart, Stroke, Diabetes,Alzheimer’s)
• 90% independent at 90, 75% at 95
• Older you get, healthier you’ve been
247wallst.com/.../statistics-and-observations-of-living-to-be-100-years-old-centenarians/
Longevity Factors
• Long life
• Tendency to have certain diseases
• Good genes age-related disease in late 90s
• Child born naturally who is 40 4x more likely to live to 100
• Healthy lifestyle live to 80s – lean, no tobacco, handle stress well, exercise, social contact
Christensen, K. & Vaupel, J.W. (1996). Determinants of longevity: Genetic, environmental, and medical factors. Journal of Internal Medicine 240. 333-341
Perception is RealityAging and Longevity
• Things keep getting worse as I grow older
• I have as much pep as I did last year
• As I get older I am less useful
• I am as happy now as I was when I was
younger
• As I get older things are
(better, worse, same)
as I thought they would be
Levy, BR and Slade, MD, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2002, 261-270
Perception is Reality
Personality and coping strategies - resilience
Self Confidence increases
Long term helping relationships with elders
Long term partnerships/marriages
Involvement with life and living
Active coping responses
(George Vaillant, 1993)
Use It or Lose It!
Healthy Brain
Frontal lobe(thinking, memory, behavior, and movement)
Parietal lobe (language and touch)
OcciptalLobe(sight)
Cerebellum(balance and coordination)
Temporal Lobe(hearing, learning, and feelings)
Brain stem (breathing, heart rate, and temperature)
Healthy Brain
It is good for you!
Routine &Repetition
Healthy Brain
Routine &
Repetition
Make Lists
Use Calendars
Voice
reminders
Keep notesStay Organized
Healthy Brain
Stay Organized
Routine &
Repetition
Practice
Mindfulness
Multitasking is for the birds!
Healthy Brain
Stay Organized
Routine &
Repetition
Good for your heart---
Means good for your brain!
Multitasking is forthe birds! Heart
Health
Healthy Brain
Stay Organized
Routine &
Repetition
Get in the habit!
Games
Recipes
Foreign Language
Computer Skills
Social Media Anyone?
Multitasking is forthe birds!
Heart
Health
LearnNew Things
Healthy Brain
Stay Organized Routine &
Repetition
Sleep Well
Reduce Stress
Keep your sense of humor
Multitasking is forthe birds!
Heart
Health
LearnNew Things
PracticeSelf Care
Health Benefits of Laughter
• Laughter relaxes the whole body.
– A good, hearty laugh relieves physical tension and stress, leaving your muscles relaxed for up to 45 minutes after.
• Laughter boosts the immune system.
– Decreases stress hormones and increases immune system improving your resistance to disease.
• Laughter relieves stress and anxiety
– Improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eap/library/Laughter_Good_Medicine.pdf
Laugh!
High Self-EfficacyPersonal belief in our ability to succeed in
specific situations or accomplish a task.
• Challenge to master
• Requires effort
• Focus on problem solving
• Visualize success
• Calm, clear thinking
• Persistent
• Likely to succeed
Older and Wiser
https://www.palmpressinc.com/product-tag/mouse-and-helmet
Wisdom
Expert knowledge about life and sound judgment based on prior actions, successes, and trials
Example:
In his wisdom, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb
But only after he learned 1000 ways not to make it!
Creativity
• Creative people continue to excel in their vocations even into their 80s and 90s!
“Health is the greatest gift, contentment the
greatest wealth, faithfulness the best
relationship”
Buddha
Healthy Aging
Social
Engagement
Social Interaction
Social relationships are associated with internal body markers of health
May be associated with lower levels of an inflammatory factor implicated in age-related disorders• Alzheimer’s disease • osteoporosis• rheumatoid arthritis• cardiovascular disease• some forms of cancer.
Focus on evaluating and improving the health of individuals
prevention of secondary conditions and chronic illness
Health Promotion:
Sedentary lifestyle
Food choices
Use of tobacco products
Lack understanding
of consequences
Lack of motivation to
changeAlcohol Use
Why Health Promotion?
• Past emphasis on prevention of disabling conditions.
• Neglect of individual health.
• New focus on evaluating and improving the health of individuals
• Prevention of resulting illness and chronic conditions
(Rimmer, 1999)
Promote Healthy Aging
through Lifestyle
Changes
Lifestyle Choices = Health
Lifestyle
Food choices
Use of alcohol
Use of tobacco products
Understand consequences
Motivation to change?
“The afternoon knows what the morning never suspected.”
― Robert Frost
Healthy Aging
Healthy Diet
A poem….
If it flies in the air (has wings)
Swims in the sea…
Grows from the ground…
…on a bush or a tree,
Eat it and healthier
you will be
There are exceptions to every rule…
“We are never too old to set another goal or
dream a new dream”
C.S. Lewis
Healthy Aging
Physical
Activity
and
Exercise
Strength Balance
Endurance Well-being
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
Reduces Fall Risk…
Personal Factors for Falls
• Aged (over 65 years)• Female• Low mobility or fragility – lower extremity
weakness, and poor grip strength • Functional impairments - limited Activities
of Daily living (ADL)• Poor gait and balance • Low body weight
Tenetti, 1998; Gehlsen, 1990; Nevitt, 1989
Environmental Risk Factors for Falls
• Polypharmacy – four or more prescription medications combination
• Home hazards – Clutter, or loose rugs
– Poor lighting on stairs and hallways
– Lack of bathroom safety, e.g. grab bars in bathtub
• Footwear
• Busy street or elevated walkways
• Lack of attention to surroundings
FEAR OF FALLING LEADS TO ACTUAL FALLS
Why?
Fear of Falling
• Loss of self confidence
• Decrease of physical activity level and quality of life
• Fear of not being able to get up after a fall
Salkeld, G. et al. (2000); Stel, V.S,. Smit, J.H., Pluijm, S.M., Lips, P. (2004)
CYCLE OF DECONDITIONING
Cycle of De-conditioning
Higher level of fatigue and
pain
Cycle of De-conditioning
Higher level of fatigue and
pain
More sedentary
lifestyle
Cycle of De-conditioning
Higher level of fatigue and
pain
More sedentary
lifestyle
Decrease in physical activity
Cycle of De-conditioning
Higher level of fatigue and
pain
More sedentary
lifestyle
Decrease in physical activity
Downward spiral in fitness
Cycle of De-conditioning
Higher level of fatigue and
pain
More sedentary lifestyle
Decrease in physical activity
Downward spiral in fitness
Increase in health
problems
Increase risk of fall related
injury
HEALTH PROMOTION
Physical Activity
Benefits of
Activity
Components of Physical Fitness
• Muscle strength and endurance
• Flexibility
• Body composition
• Cardiovascular endurance
Benefits of Physical Activity
• Decrease blood pressure
• Increase strength, CV endurance
• Increase balance
• Increase lung and breathing function
• Improve immune function
• Reduce depression and anxiety
• Lose fat, gain muscle
• Decreases fall risk
“Today is the oldest you’ve ever been and
the youngest you’ll ever be again”
Eleanor Roosevelt
Healthy AgingSafe
Choices
Tobacco Use
Nonsmoker? Previous Smoker?
Benefits of Quitting Tobacco
• Quitting has immediate as well as long term health benefits.
• Quitting improves the health of those around you.
• Quitting provides a good role model for everyone around you, including your children.
Creating a Quit Plan
• Ask yourself what is the impact of smoking on my health? Money, quality of life, relationships
• Set a quit date.
• Prepare for withdrawal– Your healthcare provider can help!
• Choose method of quitting– 1-800-QUIT-NOW
• Ask for support
• Plan and use new coping strategies
• Don’t give up!
Source: Quit Guide: You can quit smoking. QUITPLAN.com
Success is Possible!
• Given the right support, people living with mental illnesses quit at the same rate as those without mental illnesses
• Quit plan• New coping skills• Social support• Medications • Access to resources
Williams JM, et. al. Learning about Healthy Living: Tobacco and You Manual. Revised 2012.
What to Expect When Quitting
• Nicotine Withdrawal– Irritability, sleepiness, anxiety, anger, sadness,
restlessness, insomnia, increased appetite, sweating
• Triggers– Situations or people that trigger the urge to smoke
• Social situations– Who will ask you to smoke? How will you say “no”?
• Relapse
• Weight management
Source: https://www.quit.com/quit-smoking.html
Coping Strategies
• Substitutes and Distractions
• The 5 Ds
– Delay, Distract, Drink water, Deep breaths, Discuss
• Manage overall stress
– Physical activity, Sleep, Journaling, Music,
Taking time to relax, Healthy eating, etc.
• Control the environment
Source: https://www.quit.com/quit-smoking.html
Why E-Cigarettes Are Not A Smoking Cessation Tool
• Unregulated
• Unknown levels of chemicals
– Several of the same chemicals as tobacco smoke
• Unknown levels of nicotine
• Still an addiction
– Risk of getting addicted to both
Photo: Christian Coombes/Getty Images
Source: http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/smoking-facts/e-cigarettes-and-lung-health.html
Smoking Cessation Medications
• 7 approved medications
– 5 nicotine replacement therapies
Call 1-800-QUIT-NOW
• Treats nicotine withdrawal
• Doubles chance of successful quit
• Can start using before quit date
• Can use more than one
• Covered by insurance, medical assistanceWilliams JM, et. al. Learning about Healthy Living: Tobacco and You Manual. Revised 2012.
Supporting Someone Who’s Quitting
• Understand
• Praise
• Be there
• Check In
• Help them to relax
• Be positive
• Be in it for the long haulSource: https://www.quit.com/quit-smoking.html
“Age is something that doesn't matter, unless
you are a cheese”.
Luis Bunuel
”
Healthy Aging
Medication Use
Safe Choices
Safe Medication Use
Know the Risk
All medicines (prescription & nonprescription) have risks as well as benefits; and you need to weigh these risks and benefits carefully for every medicine you take.
Risk
Safe Medication Use
Respect
Respect the power of your medicine and the value of medicines properly used.
Respect
Risk
Risk
Safe Medication Use
Responsibility
Take responsibility for learning about how to take your medicine safely.
Responsibility
Respect
Know Your Medicines!
What is this medicine used for?
Is this a BRAND or GENERIC?
Where do you store it?
How to take it? How much?
How often/what time of day?
With or without food, with or without other medicines?
http://www.ismp.org/
Know Your Medicines!
What should you expect or do? How to tell if the medicine is working?
Possible side effects and what to do about them?
Tests or monitoring needed?
If you miss a dose?
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Your Medicine List
• When visiting any healthcare professional:
– Take your Medicine List, which contains information on:
• All prescription medicines, including eye drops, creams, ointments, lotions, samples.
• Nonprescription medicines, herbals
• What are the medicines used for.
• How to take the medicine.
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Your Medicine List
Make copies of your list.
Give one to your doctor, one to your pharmacist, and one to a loved one.
Carry one with you and keep a copy at home.
Make sure to keep it updated!
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Ways to Avoid Medicine Use Problems:
The OTC Drug Fact Label• All over-the-counter
medicines in the United States have a Drug Facts Label that looks like this:
• Learning to read the Drug Facts Label will give you the knowledge to make better decisions, and use OTC medicines safely.
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Reading the OTC Drug Fact Label
Active Ingredient(s): Chemical compound in the medicine that works with your body to bring relief.
Uses: This sections tells you the ONLY symptoms the medicine is approved to treat.
Warnings: This section tells you what to avoid and who should not use this.
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Reading the OTC Drug Fact Label
Directions: Recommended daily dosage and frequency. Follow this strictly.
Other Information: Tells you additional information such as proper storage.
Inactive Ingredients: A chemical compound that has no effect on your body.
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Ways to Avoid Medicine Use Problems: Written Information
• The information sheet you get with your prescription medicine contains useful information to help you get the best results and avoid problems. Read it carefully.
• The information sheet tells you:– What the medicine is used for.– How to take your medicine correctly.– What side effects to watch for and what to do if they occur.– Warnings and Precautions– Storage
Does something you see or read concern you? Do not stop the medication until you talk to your healthcare provider
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. http://www.ismp.org/
Resources You Can Use
Safe Medicine Use Information:www.talkaboutrx.org
www.bemedwise.org
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/videos/cder/mimh/index.cfm
Buying Medicines Safely on the Internet: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/ucm0805
88.htm
http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm529517.htm
Health Promotion Disease Prevention
Gambert, S.R. (2009) https://www.asn-online.org/education/distancelearning/curricula/geriatrics/Chapter26.pdf
Talking with Your Healthcare Provider
Prior to your visit, make a list of questions.
Ask about: Questions you may have about a disease, symptom(s),
or medicines. The need to continue current medicines. Non-drug treatments Over-the-counter preparations Need for follow-up appointments, lab work.
You are the leader of your healthcare team!
Source: change4life.co.uk
“You can’t help getting older but you don’t have
to get old”
George Burns
Healthy Aging
Social
Engagement
Healthy Diet
Spirituality
Life
LaughterPhysical
Exercise
Healthy
BrainSafe Choices