hearing and attention presentation. tesol, socio-linguistics. by fools
DESCRIPTION
What is Hearing? What is Listening? Difference between hearing and listening? How do we listen ? How our ears work ? What is Attention, English Language teaching, Kinds of attentionTRANSCRIPT
Group No. 16
An Introduction to
Hearing & Attention
Presentation prepared by
Fools Mahir Dyan
Musfiq Shajib
Delwar Hossain
Nafiu Ahmed
Alam Nur
What is Hearing ?
• According to Wikipedia, “Hearing,
auditory perception, or audition is the ability
to perceive sound by detecting vibrations.”
• It is a very complex physiological
process which involves the reception
and conversion of specific waves into
specific sounds.
Hearing and Listening
Hearing and Listening •To hear, brain receives
the nerve impulse, to listen
brain deciphers the
impulse.
•Listening means some
responsibilities to
response, but hearing does
not.
•Memory lasts longer in
the case of listening, but
not hearing.
How We Hear?
There are three parts of ear:
•The Outer Ear
•The Middle Ear
•The Inner Ear
How We Hear ?
1) The Outer Ear:
• Pinna : modifies
wave frequencies
• Auditory canal:
passes the wave to
middle ear
How We Hear ?
2) The Middle Ear:
• consists of three small bones
called ossicles
•ensures efficient transfer of
sound waves to Cochlea
•controls the amount of sound
reaches to the inner ear.
How We Hear ?
3) The Inner Ear:
•Cochlea : small in size
like thumbnails, full of
fluid.
•Tiny hair cells: connected
to the auditory cortex of the
brain.
•Auditory Nerves: pass
the impulses to the brain
Attention
• Attention is the focusing of consciousness
on an object or train of thought. It can be
directed either externally or internally.
• According to William James,“Attention is
the taking possession of the mind, in clear
and vivid form”
Attention
Attention is considered as a timed process
requiring three neurological elements:
A. Arousal : activate brain chemical
B. Orientation : engaging
neurotransmitters to the new stimulus
C. Focus : locks neurotransmissions on to
parts of the cerebral cortex needed to
process the stimulus
Attention
The Whole Process of Attention :
Richard Schmidt on Attention
• Attention is limited capacity system
• Attention is essential for the control of action
• Separate but interrelated networks:
1. Alertness represents a general reading to
deal with incoming stimuli.
2. Orientation refers to a specific aligning of
attention.
3. Detection is the cognitive registration of
sensory stimuli.
Selective Listening
•Selective attention
influences listening.
•When multiple sources,or
streams,of information are
present ,selective attention
must be utilized.
•Selective attention involves
a commitment of our limited
capacity process.
Selective Attention
Dichotic Listening
• Dichotic listening studies is the best known
experimental studies dealing with selective
attention.
• Results from these studies show that attention
is not only for monitoring input but also for
effective storage and retrieval of a message.