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Heart Position External morphology Relations Cardiac chambers Conduction Vessels Pericardium

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Heart. Position External morphology Relations Cardiac chambers Conduction Vessels Pericardium. Position Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Heart

Heart PositionExternal morphologyRelationsCardiac chambersConductionVesselsPericardium

Page 2: Heart

Position• Lies within the pericardi

um in middle mediastinum

• Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6

• In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8

• A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left

Page 3: Heart

External morphology

one apex,one base,two surfacesthree bordersthree grooves

Page 4: Heart

the apex formed by the left ventriclethe base faces backward,upward and to the right. Formed mainly by the left atrium and partly by the right atrium.two surfaces: sternocostal and diaphragmatic surfacesthree borders: right,left and inferior borders *the cardiac apecal incisure is on the inferior border and right to the apex *atrioventricular crux is a point of the coronary and posterior interventricular grooves. It is a important superficial markthree grooves: coronary groove ant. interventricular groove post. interventricular groove

Page 5: Heart

Chambers• right atrium• right ventricle• left atrium• left ventricle

Page 6: Heart

—two parts(divided by the terminal crest) ant.part atrium proper post.part sinus *four openings orifice of the sup.vena cava

orifice of the inf.vena cava inlet orifice of the coronary sinus

the right atrioventricular orifice---outlet

*the fossa ovalis (oval foramen) *the triangle of Kock(tricuspid valves , orifice of the coronary sinus, tendon of todaro)

Atrioventricular node is located in.

Page 7: Heart

Right ventricle

pulmonary valvetricuspid valves chordae tendineaepapillary muscles(3 groups)

inflow tracts outflow tracts(divided by the supraventricular crest)

Page 8: Heart

Left atrium

left auricle —five openings*four orifices of the pulmonary veins*the left atrioventricular orifice

Page 9: Heart

Left ventricle

※ the papillary muscles(2 groups)

inflow and outflow tracts(divided by the ant.cusp of the bicuspid valves)

Page 10: Heart

structurethe walls of the heart3 layers—endocardium *continue with the lining of the large

blood vessels—myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscle

s the specially m.— epicardium

• Septum interatrial septum----Oval fossa interventricular septum----Membranous part

Page 11: Heart

Conduction SystemIt is consists of the special

cardiac muscles

5 parts: sinoatrial nodeatrioventricular node,atrio-ventricular bundleLeft and right branchesPurkinje fibers.

Page 12: Heart

—The sinoatrial node(SAN) *It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava —The atrioventricular node(AVN) *It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the orifice of the coronary sinus—Purkinje fibers

Page 13: Heart

The vessels of the heart

The arteries—the right coronary a.*arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along th

e right portion of the coronary groove*2 branches: post.interventricular branch post.branch of the left venticle*To supply right atrium,right ventriclepost.1/3 of the interventricular septum,the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN. —The left coronary a. *arises from the left aortic sinus *2 branches: ant.interventricular br. circumflex br. *To supply the left atrium,left ventricle,the ant. su

rface of the right ventricle,ant.2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes, supply the

SAN and AVN.

Page 14: Heart

2. The veins of the heart —The coronary sinus *It lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle *It opens into the right atrium *It receives: **the great cardiac v. **the middle cardiac v. **small cardiac v. —the other veins opening into the right atrium directly *the ant. cardiac v. *the smallest v.

Page 15: Heart

Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: —the fibrous pericardium —the serous pericardium: *parietal layer *visceral layer2.The pericardial cavity: —the transverse sinus —the oblique sinus

Page 16: Heart

Pericardium sinus• Transverse sinus of pericardium - posterior to ascending aorta

and pulmonary trunk, anterior to superior vena cava and left atrium.• Oblique sinus of pericardium - cul-de-sac , posterior to heart, b

ounded by pulmonary veins on either side