heart anatomy approximately the size of your fist weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg location superior...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Heart Anatomy
• Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg
• Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to
the sternum
![Page 2: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Heart Anatomy
Figure 18.1
![Page 3: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Coverings of the Heart: Anatomy
• Pericardium – a double-walled sac around the heart composed of: A superficial fibrous pericardium A deep two-layer serous pericardium
• The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
• The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
• They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity
![Page 4: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Coverings of the Heart: Physiology
• The pericardium: Protects and anchors the heart Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood Allows for the heart to work in a relatively
friction-free environment
![Page 5: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pericardial Layers of the Heart
Figure 18.2
![Page 6: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Heart Wall
• Epicardium – visceral layer of the serous pericardium
• Myocardium – cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart
• Fibrous skeleton of the heart – crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
• Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface
![Page 7: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cardiac Muscle Bundles
Figure 18.3
![Page 8: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 18.4e
(e)
Superior vena cava
Rightpulmonary arteryPulmonary trunk
Right atriumRightpulmonary veinsFossaovalisPectinatemuscles
TricuspidvalveRight ventricle
ChordaetendineaeTrabeculaecarneaeInferiorvena cava
Aorta
Leftpulmonary arteryLeft atriumLeftpulmonary veins
Pulmonaryvalve
Aorticvalve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
PapillarymuscleInterventricularseptumMyocardium
VisceralpericardiumEndocardium
![Page 9: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atria of the Heart
• Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart
• Each atrium has a protruding auricle• Pectinate muscles mark atrial walls• Blood enters right atria from superior and
inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus• Blood enters left atria from pulmonary
veins
![Page 10: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ventricles of the Heart
• Ventricles are the discharging chambers of the heart
• Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles mark ventricular walls
• Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk
• Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
![Page 11: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Right and Left Ventricles
Figure 18.6
![Page 12: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
• Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary arteries lungs pulmonary veins left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta
• systemic circulation
![Page 13: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Figure 18.5
![Page 14: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Coronary Circulation
• Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself
• Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded
![Page 15: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply
Figure 18.7a
![Page 16: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Coronary Circulation: Venous Supply
Figure 18.7b
![Page 17: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Heart Valves
• Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart
• Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventricles
• AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
• Chordae tendineae anchor AV valves to papillary muscles
![Page 18: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Heart Valves
• Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
• Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
• Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
![Page 19: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Heart Valves
Figure 18.8a, b
![Page 20: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Heart Valves
Figure 18.8c, d
![Page 21: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Atrioventricular Valve Function
Figure 18.9
![Page 22: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Semilunar Valve Function
Figure 18.10
![Page 23: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Heart Muscle
• Cardiac muscle is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected
• The connective tissue endomysium acts as both tendon and insertion
• Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions
• Heart muscle behaves as a functional syncytium
InterActive Physiology ®: Anatomy Review: The Heart, pages 3–7
![Page 24: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle
Figure 18.11
![Page 25: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Anterior View)
• Vessels returning blood to the heart include: Superior and inferior venae cavae Right and left pulmonary veins
• Vessels conveying blood away from the heart: Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left
pulmonary arteries Ascending aorta (three branches) – brachiocephalic,
left common carotid, and subclavian arteries
![Page 26: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior View)
• Arteries – right and left coronary (in atrioventricular groove), marginal, circumflex, and anterior interventricular arteries
• Veins – small cardiac, anterior cardiac, and great cardiac veins
![Page 27: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Figure 18.4b
(b)
BrachiocephalictrunkSuperiorvena cava
Rightpulmonary artery
AscendingaortaPulmonary trunk
Rightpulmonary veinsRight atriumRight coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)Anteriorcardiac veinRight ventricleMarginal arterySmall cardiac veinInferiorvena cava
Left commoncarotid arteryLeftsubclavian arteryAortic arch
Ligamentumarteriosum
Left pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Auricle
CircumflexarteryLeft coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Anteriorinterventricular artery(in anteriorinterventricular sulcus)
Great cardiac vein
Apex
Left pulmonary veins
Left ventricle
![Page 28: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)
• Vessels returning blood to the heart include: Right and left pulmonary veins Superior and inferior venae cavae
• Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include: Aorta Right and left pulmonary arteries
![Page 29: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
External Heart: Vessels that Supply/Drain the Heart (Posterior View)
• Arteries – right coronary artery (in atrioventricular groove) and the posterior interventricular artery (in interventricular groove)
• Veins – great cardiac vein, posterior vein to left ventricle, coronary sinus, and middle cardiac vein
![Page 30: Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Weighs approx. 0.5lbs or 300mg Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd61a28abf838cadd1a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Figure 18.4d
(d)
Superiorvena cavaRightpulmonary artery
Rightpulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Right ventricle
Coronary sinus
Middle cardiac vein
Left pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Auricleof left atrium
Left ventricle
Posterior veinof left ventricle
Posteriorinterventricular artery(in posteriorinterventricular sulcus)
Great cardiac vein
Apex
Leftpulmonary veins
Inferiorvena cava
Aorta