heat 3 rd grade science chapter 4. essential questions what is heat and how is it measured? how does...
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HEAT 3RD Grade Science
Chapter 4
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Essential Questions What is heat and how is it measured? How does thermal energy move? How is thermal energy used?
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Vocabulary Preview Temperature Celsius Thermal energy Heat Conductor Insulator Insulation friction
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What is temperature? How is it measured? Temperature – how hot or cold something
is Temperature can be measured with a
thermometer Temperature can be measured on two
scales: Fahrenheit Celcius
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Celsius
Scientists usually use the Celsius scale Water boils at 100 degrees C and it freezes
at 0 degrees C
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Thermal Energy and Heat Thermal Energy – the form of energy that moves
particles of matter If particles are moving very fast – the temperature
is high, and the particles have more energy The movement of thermal energy is called heat Thermal energy flows from hotter to cooler
objects
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Questions: What happens when you heat up a solid –
such as an ice cube?
What happens when you heat up a liquid?
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Controlling Thermal Energy in our bodies: Sweating – as the sweat on your skin begin
to change into a gas – it carries heat AWAY from your body. This makes you feel cooler.
Shivering: If you get too cold – you may shiver. This motion helps warm you up
People use sweating and shivering to help control their body temperatures
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Controlling Temperature: People use a thermostat to control the
temperature in a room Heat Air-conditioning
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How Does Thermal Energy Move? There are 3 ways that thermal energy can
move:1. Thermal energy can move from one particle to another in a solid
2. Thermal energy can travel through space.
3. Particles of a gas or liquid can carry thermal energy from one place to another.
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Conduction and Conductors Conduction: the movement of thermal
energy between objects that touch each other.
Example: When you cook food in a pan on the stove, heat moves from the burner to the pan, to the food by conduction.
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Conductors Conductor: an object that thermal energy
can move through easily A pan is used for cooking because it is
made of metal – such as iron or copper Thermal energy moves easily through most
metals
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Insulators Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct
heat well Example: When you pick up a hot pan, you
use a potholder. Wood, cloth, and plastic are good insulators Air is a good insulator too.
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Insulation Insulation is a material that is used to slow
the movement of heat. Insulation may be found in:
Walls of your home A thick jacket Thermos or cooler
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**Thermal energy moves from WARMER objects to COOLER objects
In winter, insulation helps keeps warm air inside a home
In summer, insulation helps keep hot air from getting into the home
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How is Thermal Energy Used? Friction – a force between moving objects Friction slows the moving objects and
produces heat
What are some examples of friction?
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Ways we use Thermal Energy Sitting by a fire to get worm Taking a warm shower or bath – thermal
energy is used to heat the water Solar panels on homes
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Ways thermal energy can be produced:
from electricity mixing of chemicals
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Vocabulary Review Temperature – the measure of how hot or cold
something is Celsius – the metric scale for measuring
temperature Thermal energy – the form of energy that moves
particles of matter Heat – the movement of thermal energy from
hotter to cooler objects Conductor – an object that heat can move
through easily
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Vocab. Review Cont. Conduction – the movement of heat between
objects that are touching each other Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct heat
well Insulation – material used to slow the movement
of heat Friction – a force between two objects that slows
the objects and produces heat.
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Review – Answer the following questions:
What is heat and how is it measured? How does thermal energy move? How is thermal energy used?