heat and cold

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Page 1: Heat and cold
Page 2: Heat and cold
Page 3: Heat and cold

1. VASODILATION: Increase blood flow to an area2. Increases Cellular Metabolism3. Promotes muscle relaxation.4. Relieves pain by increased blood flow to an area and by muscle relaxation.

5. Hastens suppuration by increased supply of phagocytes to an area; promotes healing

6. Provides sedative effect.7. Reduces joint stiffness by decreasing synovial fluid viscosity.

Page 4: Heat and cold

1. Cold lowers the temperature of underlying tissues and causes VASOCONSTRICTION.

2. Decreases Cellular Metabolism3. Decreases pain by numbing the area, slowing the area, slowing the pain impulses, and by increasing the pain threshold.

4. Relaxes muscle by decreasing muscle contractility.5. Slows bacterial growth and decreases inflammation.

Page 5: Heat and cold
Page 6: Heat and cold

1. Cold application, in general is safer than heat application2. Heat application usually requires doctor’s order.3. Cold application is done during the first 72 hours; heat application follows after 72 hours.

4. Heat and cold application is done at a maximum of 30 minutes; an average of 15 – 20 minutes. Beyond 30 minutes, rebound effects occurs.

5. During heat and cold application, check the area every 15 to 20 minutes. Increased pain and swelling, numbness, extreme redness and mottling may indicate the need to discontinue the treatment

Page 7: Heat and cold

1. HOT WATER BAGS/ BOTTLES

Temperature of water: Normal adult & children over 2 yrs old 46- 52 C (115-125 F); Unconscious adult or children below 2 40.5 – 46 C (105 – 115 F)

Expel air covering the bag/ bottle

Dry the bag/bottle and hold it upside down to check for leakage.

Cover the bag or bottle with cloth before application to an area (CAUTION: Prevent Burns)

2. DISPOSABLE HOT PACKS

Strike, shake, or knead the package with the hands.

Avoid puncture or damage of the outer covering.

3. HEAT CRADLE

The bulb should be no larger than 25 watts.

The bulb should be positioned at least 18 inches away from the site to be treated to prevent irritations or burns.

4. HEAT LAMP OR GOOSENECK LAMP/ PORTABLE FLOOR LAMP

Page 8: Heat and cold

1. WARM MOIST COMPRESS

Sterile warm moist compress is indicated for eye condition and open wound and lesions.

Clean warm moist compress is indicated for other parts of the body.

2. WARM SOAK

If a wound is present, the basin and solution should be sterile.

Fill the basin half fill water, saline or the medicated solution prescribed.

The temperature of water or solution should be 105 – 115 F

Pat dry the area after the procedure.

3. SITZ BATH OR HIP BATH

Soak up to the pelvic area The temperature of the water

should be 105 – 115 F Provide for patient’s privacy

and warmth. Check BP and PR before the

procedure and after five minutes for hypotension which could result to dizziness and/ or fainting.

Keep the patient comfortable, warm and dry after the procedure.

Page 9: Heat and cold

1. ICE COLLAR2. ICE CAP3. DISPOSABLE COLD PACK

Placed over the neck Fill the bag one-half to two-

thirds full with crushed ice.

Fill the bag one-third full for application over the chest and one-half-full for application over the abdomen and other body areas.

Strike, shake, or knead the package to create a chemical reaction that releases the cold.

Page 10: Heat and cold

DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE APPLICATION

Very Cold Below 15 C (59 F) Ice bags Cold 15 – 18 C (59 – 65 F) Cold Pack Cool 18 – 27 C (65 – 87 F) Cold Compress Tepid 27 – 37 C (80 – 98 F) Alcohol Sponge Bath Warm 37 – 40 C (98 – 105 F) Warm Bath Hot 40 – 46 C (105 – 115 F) Heat soak, irrigations Very Hot Above 46 C (above 115F) Hot water bags for

adults