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Heat Dissipation Design and Optimization Gregory Neville & Angelica Perzan

Introduction Design Process

The problem occurs when sunlight radiates heat into the curtain wall and the cavity overheats resulting in the assumed failure of the motors within our specific curtain wall, increase in the building’s temperature, decrease in the interior comfort levels, and a reduction in overall performance of the system. A design of methodology was used to better comprehend the elevation of heat within a curtain wall’s cavity. After intensive testing and concentrated engineering analysis, research was completed to discover the best system for a double façade curtain wall.

Engineering Analysis Properties   Value  

Height   2.4  𝑚  Width   1.4  𝑚  

Thickness   0.2  𝑚  Surface  Area   3.8  𝑚²  

Internal  Temperature   51.7  ˚𝐶  

External  Temperature   30.6  ˚𝐶  

Thermal  Conductivity  (glass)   1.4  𝑊/𝑚𝐾  

Thermal  Conductivity  (plywood)   0.13  𝑊/𝑚𝐾  

Conclusion With the original problem statement being “to develop an innovative fin design to dissipate heat within a curtain wall”, it changed into designing an optimal heat dissipating system for a curtain wall’s cavity to result in the overall improvement of performance of the system. Through many hours of research and prototypes the team concluded that a flow system was needed to remove the unwanted head. The flow system moved the cooler air at the bottom of a curtain to a air pump at the top. This air pump pushed warm air that was mixed with the cooler air to an exhausting pump that removed the unwanted heat from the curtain wall. The next step it to implement our prototype design in the large scale testing apparatus. The team will turn on the halogen lights and heat the cavity. Then turn on the flow system, and collect results.

Scaling the Curtain Wall

Background of a Curtain Wall

Double Pane Curtain Wall Design Permasteelisa Group provided our team with a curtain wall with a motorized blinds system for experimentation.

Problem Statement

Designing the Testing Apparatus To further understand the proposed heat buildup inside the vision area of the curtain wall a list of experiments was created. To run these trials a testing apparatus was designed. An enclosure of the curtain wall, made of plywood, was needed to provide an internal area between the blinds that created a cavity. Plywood was used because it was cheap and easy to work with and readily available.

The equations listed above were utilized to better analyze our testing apparatus and the functioning of the glass in the curtain wall. By comparing the thermal conductivity of both plywood and glass, the team was able to calculate the system’s heat transfer more efficiently.

Once the heat transfer within the curtain wall was analyzed and prototyping began. A scaled acrylic model was created to simulate the cavity within a curtain wall and a fog machine to more accurately see the movement of air flow.

The primary objective is to design an innovative heat dissipating system within a curtain wall. The system was to be completed with the overall cost, energy consumption, vision area, day-lighting, and interior comfort levels considered.

A curtain wall is the outer façade of a structure that does not support the structural integrity of the building. Different types of materials can be utilized in the design for various aesthetic features.

Within that cavity, temperatures were measured using thermal couples at three specific points. Data was collected using a handheld LabQuest device. The system was heated by four high powered work lamps to simulate

the sun’s heat. A temperature of 87↑𝑜 𝐹  was the highest recorded temperature

The scaled prototype design included a computer fan that pushed the fog to the top section of the curtain wall. An air pump was placed at the top right across from a suction pump. A small computer fan was mounted at the bottom to create an initial flow of air inside the curtain wall. The small scale prototype provided the team with sufficient flow information that will next be implemented in the large scale testing apparatus.

𝑞↓𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠↑𝐼𝐼 =𝑘×(𝑇↓𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑇↓𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 /𝑡 )

Equation to calculate Heat Flux of the glass

𝑞↓𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠↑𝐼𝐼 = 𝑞↓𝑥↑𝐼𝐼 ×𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒  

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

Equation to calculate Heat transfer of the glass