heat pump chillers - ball state university | we fly
TRANSCRIPT
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Heat Pump Chillers
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Heat Pump Benefits
Industry Compliance
LEED
ASHRAE
Social / Environmental Advantages
CO2 reductions
Reduced water consumption
Economic Advantages
Operational savings
Why use heat pumps?
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Definition of a Heat Pump
ASHRAE Handbook 2008:
• “A Heat Pump extracts heat
from a source and transfers it to
a sink at a higher temperature.”
• “In Engineering, … the term
Heat Pump is generally
reserved for equipment that
heats for beneficial purposes,
rather than that which removes
heat for cooling only.”
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Capacity
is determined
by the heating
requirement.
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Types of Heat Pumps
• This discussion limited to large, non-reversing,
Water-to-Water Heat Pumps (WTWHP).
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Air-Source Ground-Source Water-Source
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Sources and Sinks
SINKS
• Space heating
• Reheat for humidity
control
• Domestic hot water
requirements
• Process heating
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SOURCES
• Large body of water
at a relatively
constant temperature
• Geothermal system
• Exhaust air
• Cooling tower water
• Sewage effluent
• Low grade waste heat
• Chilled water loop
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Heat Recovery vs. Heat Pump
• Heat Recovery Chiller – Specifically designed to chill water
– Provides a percentage of heat as warm water
– Capacity controlled by Leaving Chilled Water Temperature
– Condensing temperature is
uncontrolled
– Additional condenser bundle
used to capture cooling tower
heat rejection typically at
temperatures 95°-115°F (35-46°C)
• Heat Pump – Specifically designed to heat water
– Provides 100% of heat as hot water
– Capacity controlled by Leaving Condenser Water Temperature
– Evaporator fluid temperatures uncontrolled
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Equipment Characteristics to Consider
• Heating Capacity (max & min)
• Maximum Leaving Condenser Water Temperature
(104°F - 180°F, 40°C - 82°C)
• Maximum Lift Capability
(60°F – 140°F, 16°C - 60°C)
• Part load capability
• Functionality and Control as Heat Pump and/or Chiller
• First Cost
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Large Water-to-Water Heat Pumps
Multi-stage
Centrifugal
(Titan OM)
170°F / 77°C
75,000 MBH / 22,000 kW
Externally
Compounded
Centrifugal
(CYK)
155°F / 68°C
40,000 MBH / 12,000 kW
Scroll
Chiller
(YCWL)
125°F / 52°C
3,200 MBH / 940 kW
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Screw
Chiller
(YVWA)
150°F / 66°C
3,800 MBH / 1,100 kW
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
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Cooling Capacity:
50-200 Tons (170-680 kW)
Max leaving hot water = 125oF (51.7oC)
138oF (60oC) for some models
Max Lift = 80oF (26.7oC)
Max heat per unit = 3,200 MBH (940 kW)
Simultaneous heating & cooling
Multiple scroll compressor package
YCWL Scroll Heat Pump
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
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Cooling Capacity:
200-300 Tons (700-1050 kW)
Max leaving hot water = 150oF (66oC)
Max heat per unit = 3,200 MBH (1,100 kW)
Max Lift = 120oF (67oC)
Simultaneous heating & cooling
Dual screw compressor package
YVWA Screw Heat Pump
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Externally Compounded (CYK)
170°F FOR
SOME MODELS
To 155°F / 68°C
40,000 MBH / 12,000 kW
600 – 2500 Tons Cooling
Max Lift = 140°F / 78°C
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Externally Compounded Heat Pump
CYK Heat Pump
• Second (high stage, high
pressure) compressor
• Vertical Intercooler to
increase cycle efficiency by
up to15%
• System piping arrangement
for multiple duty
• Custom Control Panel (PLC
or equivalent) provides for
more customization
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 201314
Sizing and Control
Outdoor Ambient Temperature
Load
Cold Hot
Heating Dominant (Cooling Control)
Cooling Dominant
(Heating Control)
HP Design CapacitySupplemental
Heating Supplemental
Cooling
Heat Pump Operation
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
• Economics, environmental issues, and industry design standards
are three compelling reasons to consider heat pump installations.
• Utilize the lowest possible hot water temperature that satisfies the
requirement, to maximize the Heat Pump COP and minimize
supplemental boiler use.
• Heat pumps typically utilize vapor-compression equipment which
are capable of high lift (compared to chillers).
• Simultaneous heating and cooling applications offer the greatest
paybacks.
• Proper sizing and control of heat pumps is critical to ensure
maximum utilization and full payback.
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Summary
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Johnson Controls, Inc. 2013
Questions?
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