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Heat pump for hot water With CO 2 as a refrigerant Sergio Giro8o Enex srl

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Page 1: Heat%pump%for%hotwater% With%CO2%as%a refrigerant% · CONVENTIONAL%HEAT%WITHHFC%FOR HOT%WATER Heatpump%combined%with%mixing%tanks .%

Heat  pump  for  hot  water  With  CO2  as  a  refrigerant  

Sergio  Giro8o  Enex  srl  

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CONVENTIONAL  HEAT  WITH  HFC  FOR  HOT  WATER  

Heat  pump  combined  with  mixing  tanks.  

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In   convenJonal   heat   pumps   water   heaJng   takes   place  gradually,  with  a  temperature  differenJal   from  5  to  8  °C   for  each  pass.  

CONVENTIONAL  HEAT  WITH  HFC  FOR  HOT  WATER  

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SimulaJon-­‐hot  water  temperature  in  the  water  reservoir.  

Heat  pump  HFC,  capacity  50  kW  and  tank  5000  liters.  

CONVENTIONAL  HEAT  WITH  HFC  FOR  HOT  WATER  

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COMPARISON  R134a/CO2  

CO2  

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“AIRHEAT“  -­‐  NEW  HEAT  PUMP  WITH  CO2    

Heat  pump  combined  with  straJficaJon  water  reservoir.    CO2  heat  pump,  capacity  30  kW  and  reservoir  of  2500  liters.  

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§  The  water,  iniJally  at  10  °  C,  is  heated  immediately  to  65  °  C  and  is  then  available  at  high  temperature.  

 §  The  temperature  profile  in  the  

tank  varies  depending  on  the  consumpJon,  but  the  hot  water  is  always  available  at  the  desired  temperature.  

§  It  is  possible  the  accumulaJon  of  hot  water  during  the  night  or  when  there  is  no  use  of  hot  water.  

EXAMPLE  OF  CHARGING  STORAGE  VESSELS  AND  USE  OF  HOT  WATER  

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STRATIFICATION  WATER  RESERVOIR  Charging  

Discharging  –  150  litres  

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COMPARISON:  HEAT  PUMP  WITH  CO2  AS  REFRIGERANT  -­‐  HFC  

Benefit:  §  ReducJon  of  water  storage  cylinder  volume  §  Lower  electrical  capacity  installed;  §  Higher  temperature  of  water  §  No  risk  of  Legionella  -­‐  lower  costs  for  sanitaJon  services.  

HEAT  PUMP  FOR  HOT  WATER  WITH  CO2  AS  REFRIGERANT  

Total  volume  of  water  storage  

Storage  temperature  

Nominal  Therminal  capacity  

Average  power  

consump9on  

Opra9on  Time  

Energy  consump9on  

[liters]   [°C]   [kW]   [hours]   [kWh/day]   [kWh/day]  

Conven9onal  heat  pump   5000   50   50   18,0   4,7   84  

Enex  Airheat   2500   65   30   8,5   7,9   67  

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ECONOMIC  ANALYSIS  

MIN   MAX  

Energy  cost   €/year   Energy  cost   €/year  

HEAT  PUMP   -­‐   0,1  €/kWh   5.000   0,18  €/kWh   9.000  

GAS  BOILER   10,6  kWh/m3   0,45  €/m3   8.500   0,6  €/m3   11.500  

OIL  BOILER   9,5  kWh/l   1,0  €/liter   21.000   1,2€/liter   25.000  

EXAMPLE:  HOTEL  120  ROOMS  §   Water  consumpJon:  80  liters/room  (9,600  liters/day)  +  50°C  §   Kitchen  consumpJon:  4.500  liters/day  -­‐  50°C    §   Water  storage:  3x2.000  liters  –  65°C  §   Installed  unit:  AIRHEAT  48  §   Energy  demand:  200.000  kWh/year  §   Average  annual  COP:  4,0  

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Range:    §  4  sizes(18,  24,  48  and  100  kW  nominal)    Some  available  opJons:  §  Cold  recovery  §  Double  loop  water  side  §  ConnecJng  more  units  in  parallel  (up  to  12),  with  inverter-­‐total  thermal  capacity  up  to  1200  kW  (the  largest  capacity  available)  

RANGE  AND  AVAILABLE  OPTIONS  

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WEB  ENEX  CALCULATOR  LINK:  http://www.enex-­‐ref.com/eng/heat-­‐pumps-­‐selector-­‐co2.aspx  

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§  Control  Sonware  specifically  developed  for  the  applicaJon  

§  OpJmized  operaJng          parameters    §  Web  server  for  remote  connecJon  (monitoring  &  technical  support)  

§   Measurement  of  effecJve  capacity  

HEAT  PUMP  CONTROL  

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DEFROSTING  -­‐  1  

Hot  gas  defrosJng  §  On  demand  or  by  Jmer  §  Not  taking  heat  from  hot  water  §  Completely  managed  by  controller  §  Fast,  as  heaJng  occurs  from  inside  of  

the  coil  §  Low  energy  consumpJon  

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DEFROSTING  -­‐2  

START +6 MIN +12 MIN +15 MIN

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CASE  STUDY  -­‐1-­‐  ITALY  HOTEL  –  Hot  water    N°1  AH24  +  N°1  AH48        OpJons  :  130  bar  +EC  venJlator  +ETHernet+  ”cold  recovery”  N°2  Puffer  2500  L  –  hot  water  N°1  Kooltank  1000  L  –  cold  water  Purpose  of  the  unit  is  producJon  of  hot  water  –  T=70°C  -­‐  recovering  energy  cold  side  in  summer  cooling  chilled  water.  

Capacity  at  design  condiJons  –  total  installaJon  (AH24  +  AH48):       winter   summer  Air  temperature  (source)   -­‐5°C   30°C  (Max  45°C)  Water  temperature  in   10°C   20°C  Chilled  water  temperature  in/out   -­‐-­‐   12-­‐7  °C  Hea9ng  capacity  [kW]   54   72  Hot  water  produc9on  [liters/h]   760   1250  Cooling  capacity  [kW]   -­‐-­‐   53,5  COP  hea9ng   3,2   4,0  Total  COP   -­‐-­‐   7,0  

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CASE  STUDY  -­‐2-­‐  SPAIN  

ELDERLY  HOUSE    N°1  AH24    OpJons  :  130  bar  +EC  venJlator  +ETHernet  Purpose  of  the  unit  is  producJon  of  hot  water  –  T=65°C      

Capacity  at  design  condiJons:       winter   summer  Air  temperature  (source)   -­‐7°C   30°C  (Max  45°C)  Water  inlet  temperature     10°C   20°C  Hea9ng  capacity  [kW]   17,7   29,0  Hot  water  produc9on  [liters/h]  

280   552  

COP  hea9ng   3,2   4,0  

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SUMMARY  

§  The  use  of  a  heat  pump  for  hot  water  with  CO2  is  very  convenient  for  applicaJons  with  high  consumpJon  of  hot  water  (hotels,  gyms,  hospitals  ...).  

§  The   advantage   is   extremely   high   for   hotels   in  tourist   areas   (islands   or   mountains)   where  there  is  no  natural  gas  distribuJon  network.  

§  Performances  cerJfied  by  laboratory  tests.  §  The   recovery   “cold   side”   increases   economic  

convenience.  §  Version   for   space   heaJng   (water   40-­‐70°C)   in  

development.