heavy gas dispersion trials...the nitrogen in the gas container. gas sensors sited • within the...

2

Tel 0742 78141

B ROEBUCK HGDT Project Manager Health and Safety Executive Safety Engineering Laboratory Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ

I shall be pleased to answer any queries arising from the above ch~nges.

10 Trials 26 to 28 The key to the instrument list shows BE = Building east side i.e. to right of axis "BW = Building west side i.e. to left of axis This should be BE = Building east side i.e. to left of axis BW = Building west side i.e. to right of axis

Pages EOS and El7 have been inverted. Although the page numbers are incorrect, the positional information on the plots is correct.

9 Trial 23

The height shown on page GOS is therefore correct.

8 Trials 24 to 29 The correct heights for the gas sensors on the mast at (372,228) are 0.4, 2.4 and 4.4 metres, not 0.4, 1.4 and 2.4 as shown. In trials 26 and 27, where the mast was in the cloud, gas was detected at a height 2.4 mas shown on page GOS.

I f

Research and Laboratory Services Division Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ

Data for Trial 004

HEAVY GAS DISPERSION TRIALS THORNEY ISLAND 1982-3

HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE

As a result of the long 'hold' period prior to this release, a considerable quantity of air was mixed with the nitrogen in the gas container. Gas sensors sited

• within the container, at heights of 0.4 m and 12 m, indicate a uniform mixture of 70% air/30% nitrogen approximately. Consequently, the initial relative density was 0.99 not 0.97 (as shown on page 1) and gas concentration data should be multiplied by a factor of 3. This correction has not been incorporated into the plots in this volume.

TRIAL 04 RELEASE CONDITIONS

Due to a computer software error, all the run-up and run-down mean valµes included at the bottom of the plots of the environmental sensors are in error by a factor of 12. To obtain the correct mean run-up and run-down values, the figures quoted should be multiplied by 12.

RUN-UP/RUN-DOWN MEANS

C O R R I G E N D U M

1

Stability condition inferred from data during the release and just before the release: B.

B/C (From Observations) A (From DT/DZ) B (From Solarimeter) B (From Heat Flux) A (From Richardson No) A (From Bulk Richardson No) E (From Standard Deviation of Wind Heading)

STABILITY CONDITION

Observed Cloud Cover

Grass Surface Temperature

Treated Runway Surface Temperature

Insolation

Relative Humidity (at 10 m height) 91.0%

452 W/m2 17.0°C

Not available

Not available 7/8

Ambient Air Temperature ( at 9 m height)

NB Positive angles are to the right (clockwise) of the centre line when looking downwind of the gas bag.

12.3° Mean Wind Heading ('A' station) - (relative to the centre line of the array)

3.8 m/s Not available

Mean Wind Speed at 10 m height: During main data collection period: From S minute cyclic data just before the release:

4 Number of smoke canisters discharged:

0.97 Freon 12/Nitrogen mixture: relative density 12:34:00 hrs Gas released at:

SUMMARY INFORMATION AT THE TIME OF THE SPILL

THORNEY ISLAND TRIALS SPILL 004 15 JULY 1982

2

This was a release of a mixture of nitrogen and smoke (ie neutral density) where, after the bag was filled but before the countdown procedure (prior to gas release) began, there was a sudden heavy shower of rain. During the shower the wind speed increased but the heading remained just to the right of the array centre line. After the rain, which lasted about 1.5 hours, the wind speed decreased slightly, the sky began to clear and insolation increased appreciably. The atmospheric stability was then judged to about Pasquill category 'B'.

HISTORY

THORNEY ISLAND TRIALS SPILL 004 15 JULY 1982

3

DU was calculated as U30-Ul0 DZ 20

T30-T9 + 0.00986 21

where 0 is the potential temperature and Tis the actual temperature; in this case, the temperature at 16 m above the ground. 00/DZ was calculated as:

Ri = .filQ.6 /DZ) T(DU/Dz)2

v) Richardson Number The Richardson number is calculated according to Sedefian and Bennett[!] as:

by the formula Pasquill's[3J, Figure This method therefore

Heat flux (H) was calculated from the insolation (R) H = 0.4(R-100) based on the suggestion by Smith[4]. 6.13 was then consulted to determine the stability. agrees generally with the previous method.

iv) Heat Flux

The measured insolation, from the solarimeter, was used together with the wind speed to determine the stability based on the information presented in Pasquill[3] (Figure 6.13).

iii) Solarimeter

The NRC tables, see e.g. Sedefian and Bennett[!] or McQuaid[2] were then consulted to determine the appropriate stability.

DT = T30-T9 * 100.00 DZ 21

This method is one of the two suggested by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and in the present exercise was calculated as:

ii) Temperature Difference (DT/DZ)

This is based on the amount of cloud cover, or the judged level of incoming solar radiation and the value of the wind speed (see attached table provided by the Meteorological Office).

i) Visual Observation

The atmospheric stability during the period of the experiment was obtained from the following methods:

1 ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY Notes on information presented in the Summary Sheets

THORNEY ISLAND HEAVY GAS DISPERSION TRIALS

4

4 Smith F B (1979) "The relation between Pasquill stability P and Kaz ans kf+ Monin stability (in neutral and unstable conditions). Atmospheric Environment, Vol 13 pp879-881.

3 Pasquill F (1974) "Atmospheric Diffusion" 2nd Ed. Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester.

2 McQuaid J (1981) "Climatological records from the Thorney Island mast". Commercial in Confidence HGDT Report 1981/6.

1 Sedefian L and Bennett E (1980) "A comparison of Turbulence classification schemes". Atmospheric Environment, Vol 14, No 7, pp741-750.

REFERENCES

The second wind speed is also a mean value obtained at the 10 m height, but corresponds to data taken over a five minute period just before main data collection began; data during this period is termed the 'cyclic' data.

Two values of wind speed are presented. The first is the mean value at the 10 m height for the whole of the data collection period, which generally began about one minute before the gas bag was dropped.

2 WIND SPEED

The NRC limits for oa are then used to determine the appropriate stability category.

The standard deviation of wind heading was calculated from the Porton wind vane, which has a resolution bandwidth of 11°. The resulting accuracy is predicted to be around ±2° or so, assuming a Gaussian distribution of wind direction. These estimates were compared with the simple assumption that the standard deviation is approximately 1/6 (maximum-minimum angle).

vii) Standard Deviation of Wind Heading

Here again the limits of Ri~ were recalculated to correspond to a geometric mean height of 16 m.

where Z is the geometric mean height= 19 x 30 Tis the temperature at 16 m above the ground and U is the mean wind speed at 30 m.

The bulk Richardson number was also calculated according to Sedefian and Bennett[!] as:

vi) Bulk Richardson Number

Sedefian and Bennett calculate the limits of Richardson number for the various stability categories, however the limits they presented were valid for measurements at heights whose geometric mean was 22 m. Since the measurement stations were at 30 m, 9 m and 16 m the limits of Richardson number for the various stability categories were recalculated to correspond to a geometric mean height of 16 m.

3 1 kt= 0.52 m/s.

said that in light winds on clear nights the vertical spread may be less than for F but excluded such cases because the surface plume is unlikely to have any definable However, they are important from the point of view of the build up of pollution and G (night-time, 0 or 1 okta of cloud, wind speed O or 1 kt) has been added.

Pasquill category travel. category

2

l Night was originally defined to include periods of one hour before sunset and after sunrise. These two hours are always categorised here as D.

Notes

Wind DAYTIME (excluding 1 hour after sunrise and l hour Within 1 hour NIGHT-TIME Speed before sunset) before sunset (kt) or after

Cloud Amount (oktas) Incoming Solar Radiation (W m-2)

0-3 4-7 8 Strong (>600) Mod (300-600) Slt (<300) Overcast

(3 A A-B B c D For G F D see note 2 below

4-5 A-B B c c D F E D

6-9 B B-C c c D E D D

10-12 c c-o D D D D D D

)12 c D D D D D D D

MODIFIED PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORIES

6

Velocity component B of tri-axial anemometer in the horizontal (X Y) plane.

UANB:

Velocity component A of tri-axial anemometers in the horizontal (X Y) plane.

UANA:

Rapid response platinum resistance thermometer. Frequency response 10 Hz approximately.

TEMP:

Barometric pressure measured in millibars. BROM:

Solar radiation as measured by solarimeter in watts/square metre.

SOLA:

Air temperature in degrees centigrade. AIRT:

Wind heading as indicated by wind vanes in degrees relative to the site axis. Positive values are to the right of the site axis (looking 'downwind' from the source) and negative values to the left.

WHDG: Wind speed as indicated by cup anemometer in metres/second. WSPD

High speed light scattering smoke sensor Frequency response 10 Hz (at - 3 dB point).

SMOK:

High speed oxygen deficiency sensor Frequency response 10 Hz (at - 3 dB point).

HGAS:

Standard oxygen deficiency sensor Frequency response 1 Hz (at - 3 dB point).

GAS:

Defines the type of sensor which generated the data shown in the pots.

3 TYPE

The location in metres of the sensor on the trials site. The (X,Y) axes are defined by the grid of fixed masts, the release point is at X • 400 metres, Y = 200 metres. The Z axis defines the height of the sensor on the mast at location (X, Y) - see mast array. Note that the Z axis is defined by measurement from the mast base and is not absolute in the sense that it takes no account of any slope of the trials site.

2 X:Y:Z

Length of the time window over which mean values have been calculated for the purpose of the plots. Since the full record contains 20 samples per second, an averaging time of 0.6 seconds gives the arithmetic mean of 12 samples of the original signal. Note that it is not a running average but a 'box' window which is moved through the data in increments of the averaging time.

1 AVERAGING TIME

KEY TO GRAPHS

7

In order to assist analysis, a three minute running mean has been superimposed on all environmental records except the sonic anemometers. The points plotted represent the mean of 300 values (0.6 second averages) and are plotted at 0.6 second intervals.

6 RUNNING MEANS

Turbulence intensity (U) • 15.1 (component in the wind direction) Turbulence intensity (V) • 12.S (crosswind component) Turbulence intensity (W) = 10.9 (vertical component)

R.~S turbulence values measured at 10 m height on 'A' mast are given below. The values are non-dimensionalised i.e. original values have been divided by U10, the mean wind speed at 10 m height during the main data collection period which was 3.4 m/s.

z = w

Y = A+ B

X = 1 (A - B) TI

Prints of the sonic anemometer outputs are included for completeness but it will be appreciated that analysis of records can only be performed using the data tapes. The three wind velocity components A, Band W can be transposed into components corresponding with the X, Y and Z coordinates of the mast array as follows:

The readings of the GAS and HGAS sensors are in terms of the% concentration of the released gas mixture with an associated error band of either 10% of reading or as determined by calibration checks with a standard gas mixture. An estimate of the accuracy of each sensor for each test will be sent out separately. Note that the SMOK sensors have no absolute calibration in terms of gas concentration but have been included because of the potential high frequency information their outputs contain. An approximate calibration may be obtained by comparing their output to that of the nearest oxygen deficiency sensor.

4 GAS SENSORS

The mean value of the appropriate sensor output averaged over the run down period i.e. in the period 11402 to 11702 seconds after the gas container release.

RUN DOWN MEAN:

The mean value of the appropriate sensor output averaged over the run up period i.e. in the period 3866 to 3566 seconds before the gas container release.

RUN UP MEAN:

Temperature, as measured by tri-axial anemometer with this facility.

UANT:

Velocity component W of tri-axial anemometer in the vertical (Z) direction.

UANW:

8

B ROEBUCK Special Instruments and Techniques Section Safety Engineering Laboratory 13 November 1984

2 The combination of relatively high gas sensor drift rates and the low gas concentration levels make the interpretation of the gas sensor data for this trial particularly difficult. Only those sharp peaks which occur at around 0.5 s after release for gas sensors in the near field and at times of up to around 1.5 s after release for gas sensors in the far field are considered to be a response to gas.

X Coordinates (m) Y Coordinates (m) Height (m) 400 350 0.4 400 350 3.6 400 400 0.4 500 700 0.4

1 The following standard gas sensors were functioning correctly but did not detect gas in quantities above the lower limit of resolution of 0.1% released gas:

NOTES ON VALIDATION OF GAS SENSOR DATA FOR TRIAL 004

INSTRUMENT STATIONS AND DlSTRlBUTlONS (EFFECTIVE FOR TRIAL 004) Note: The Location Coordinates are the X, Y coordinates in metres at 1/100 scale. The source is at (4.0, 2.0).

The table scans the layout by successive rows (i.e. st constant Y) of lllllBts.

LOCATION TYPE DA.TA CHANNEL HEIGHT TYPE OF SENSOR REMARKS PAGE COORDINATES OF TERMINAL NUMBER ABOVE GROUND NUMBER

MAST NUMBER m 4.0, o.s A 32 5 0.4 Solarimeter EOl

32 6 0.4 Barometric Pressure E02 0 0 2.0 Cup Anemometer E03 0 l 2.0 Thermometer E04 0 4 2.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY EOS 0 5 2.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY £06 0 6 2.0 Sonic AnelllOmeter - z E07 0 7 2.0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp £08 0 2 4.5 Cup Anemomet:er £09 0 3 9.0 Thermometer ElO l 0 10.0 Cup Ane1DOmeter Ell

32 0 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY El2 32 l 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY El3 32 2 10.0 Sonic Ane1DOme te r - z El4 32 3 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp El5 32 4 10.0 Relative Hunudity El6 l 6 10.0 Wind Vane El7 1 l 16 .o Thermomet:er El8 l 2 17.3 Cup Ane1110meter El9 l 3 22.0 Thermometer E20 l 4 30.0 Cup Anemometer £21 l 5 30.0 Thermometer E22

4.2, 0.5 v l 7 10.0 Wind Vane E23 3,5, 1.5 F 5 0 0.4 Gas Sensor

5 1 1.6 Gas Sensor 5 2 2.8 Gas Sensor 5 3 4.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, l.5 v 6 4 10.0 Wind Vane E24 4.5, 1.5 F 16 0 o.4 Gas Sensor

16 1 1.6 Gas Sensor 16 2 2.8 Gas Sensor 16 3 4.0 Gas Sensor

3.0, 2.0 F 4 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 4 1 1.6 Gas Sensor 4 2 2.8 Gas Sensor 4 3 4.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, 2.0 s 6 0 0.4 Thermometer E25 6 1 0.4 Gas Sensor 6 2 12.0 Thermometer E26 6 3 12.0 Gas Sensor

5.0, 2.0 F 16 4 0,4 Gas Sensor 16 5 1.6 Gas Sens OT 16 6 2.8 Gas Sensor 16 7 4.0 Gas Sensor

3.5, 2.5 F 4 4 o.4 Gas Sensor 4 5 3.6 Gas Sensor 4 6 6.8 Gas Sensor 4 7 10.0 Gas Sensor


2.0, 3.0 F 9 0 o.4 Gas Sensor 9 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 9 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 9 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

3.0, 3.0 F 9 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 9 5 3.6 Gas Sensor 9 6 6.8 Gas Senaor 9 7 10.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, 3.0 F 26 4 0.4 Gas Sensor GOl 26 5 3.6 Gas Senaor G02 26 6 6.8 Gas Sensor G03 26 7 10.0 Gas Sensor G04

5,0, 3.0 F 10 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 10 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 10 2 6,8 Gas Sensor 10 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

6.0, 3.0 F 10 4 0.4 Gae Sensor 10 5 3.6 Gas Sensor 10 6 6.8 Gas Sensor 10 7 10.0 Gas Sensor

LOCATION TYPE DATA CHANNEL HElGH.T TYPE OF SENSOR REMARKS PAGE COORDINATES OF TERMINAL NU"!BER ABOVE GROUND NU"!BER

tiAST NUl{]lER m

3.0, 3,5 Ml 24 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 24 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 24 4 3.6 High Speed Gas Sensor 24 5 5.0 High Speed Gas Sensor 24 6 5.0 RLSD Smoke Detector 25 2 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E27 25 3 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E28 25 4 5,0 Sonic Anemometer - z E29 25 0 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp E30 24 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 24 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, 3.5 MJ 31 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 33 3 0.4 lU.SO Smoke Detector 3 1 3,6 Gas Sensor

33 4 3,6 RLSD Smoke Detector 2 2 5.0 Sonic Ane1110meter - XY E31 2 3 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E32 2 4 5,0 Sonic Anemometer - z E33 2 l 5,0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp E34

33 0 5.0 High Speed Gas Sensor 33 l s.o High Speed Gas Sensor 3 2 6.8 Gsa Sensor GOS 3 3 10.0 Gas Sensor GU6 3 5 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E35 3 6 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E36 3 7 10.0 Sonic Anemometer - z £37

33 2 10.0 High Speed Gas Sensor G07 33 5 10.0 RLSD Smoke Detector GOS

2 5 20.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E38 2 6 20.0 Sonic Anemometer - lCY E39 2 7 20.0 Sonic Anemometer - z E40

5.0, 3.5 M2(a) 12 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 12 l 3,6 Gas Sensor 12 5 3.6 High Speed Gas Sensor 11 2 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E41 11 3 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E42 11 4 s.o Sonic Anemometer - z E43 11 0 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp E44 12 4 5.0 High Speed Gas Sensor 12 6 5.0 RLSD Smoke Detector 12 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 12 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 11 5 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - lCY E45 11 6 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E46 11 7 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - z E47 11 1 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - Telllp E48


3.0, 4.0 F 7 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 7 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 7 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 7 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, 4,0 F 7 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 7 5 3.6 Gas Sensor G09 7 6 6.8 Gas Sensor GlO 7 7 10.0 Gas Sensor Gl 1 s.o, 4.o F 17 0 0.4 Gas Sensor

17 1 3.6 Gas Sensor 17 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 17 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 6.0, 4.0 F 17 4 0.4 Gae Sensor 17 5 3.6 Gas Sensor 17 6 6.8 Gas Sensor 17 7 10.0 Gas Sensor

1.0, 5.0 F 19 0 0.4 Gae Sensor 19 l 3,6 Gas Sensor 19 2 6,8 Gas Sensor 19 3 10.0 Gas Sensor


3.0, s.o F 8 0 0,4 Gas Sensor 8 1 3.6 Gas Sensor 8 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 8 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

4.0, 5.0 F 8 4 0,4 Gas Sensor 8 5 3.6 Gas Sensor 8 6 6,8 Gas Sensor 8 7 10.0 Gas Sensor

LOCATION TYPE DATA CHANNEL HEIGHT TYPE OF SENSOR REMARKS PAGE COORDINATES OF TERMINAL NUtil!ER ABOVE GROUND NUMBER HAST NU~ER m

5.0, 5.0 F 18 0 0.4 Gas Sensor Gl2 18 l )-6 Gas Sensor GD 18 2 6.8 Gas Sensor Gl4 18 ) 10.0 Gas Sensor Gl5 6.0, 5.0 F 18 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 18 5 ),6 Gas Sensor 18 6 6.8 Gas Sensor 18 7 10.0 Gas Sensor

7 .o, 5.0 F 20 4 0.4 Solarimeter E49 20 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 20 l ).6 Gas Sensor 20 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 20 3 10.0 Gas Sensor

3.0, 5.5 M2(b) 31 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 31 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 31 5 3.6 RI.SD Smoke Detector JO 2 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E50 30 3 5,0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E51 30 4 5.0 Sonic Anemometer - z £52 30 0 5,0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp E53 31 6 5,0 RLSD Smoke Detector 31 4 5.0 High Speed Gas Sensor 31 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 31 3 10,0 Gas Sensor 30 5 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E54 30 6 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - XY E55 JO 7 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - z £56 30 l 15.0 Sonic Anemometer - Temp E57 1.0, 6.0 F 21 0 0,4 Gas Sensor 21 1 3.6 Gas Sensor 21 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 21 3 10,0 Gas Sensor 2.0. 6,0 F 22 0 o.4 Gas Sensor 22 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 22 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 22 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 3.0, 6,0 F 23 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 23 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 23 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 23 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 4,0, 6,0 F 14 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 14 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 14 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 14 3 10.0 Gas Sensor s.o , s ,o F 14 4 0,4 Gas Sensor Gl6 14 5 3.6 Gas Sensor Gl7 14 6 6.8 Gu Sensor GIB 14 7 10.0 Gas Sensor Gl9 6.0, 6,0 F 27 0 0,4 Gas Sensor 27 l 3.6 Gas Sensor 27 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 27 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 7 ,0, 6.0 F 27 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 27 5 3,6 Gas Sensor 27 6 6.8 Gas Sensor 27 7 10.0 Gas Sensor 1.0, 7.0 F 2.1 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 21 5 5.1 Gas Sensor 21 6 9.8 Gas Sensor 21 7 14.5 Gas Sensor 2.2, 6.7 F 22 4 0.4 Gas Sensor 22 5 5.1 Gas Sensor 22 6 9.8 Gas Sensor 22 7 14.5 Gas Sensor a.o, 1.0 F 23 4 0,4 Gas Sensor 23 5 5.1 Gas Sensor 23 6 9.8 Gas Sensor 23 7 14 .5 Gas Sensor 4.o, 1.0 F 15 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 15 l 5.1 Gas Sensor 15 2 9.8 Gas Sensor 15 3 14.5 Gas Sensor 5.0, 7.0 F 15 4 0,4 Gas Sensor 15 5 5.1 Gas Sensor G20 15 6 9.8 Gas Sensor GZ! 15 7 14.5 Gas Sensor G22 6.0, 7,0 F 28 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 28 l 5,1 Gas Sensor 28 2 9.8 Gas Sensor 28 3 14.5 Gas Sensor

LOCATION TYPE DATA CHANNEL HEIGHT TYPE OF SENSOR REMARKS PAGE COORDINATES OF TERMINAL NUMBER ABOVE GROUND NUMBER MAST NUMBER m

7,0, 7,0 F 28 4 0,4 Gae Sensor 28 5 5,1 Gas Sensor 28 6 9.8 Gas Sen1<or 28 7 14.5 Gas Sensor

4.0, 9.5 D 29 0 0.4 Gas Sensor 29 1 3,6 Gas Sensor 29 2 6.8 Gas Sensor 29 3 10.0 Gas Sensor 29 4 10,0 Wind Speed E58 29 5 10.0 Relative Humidity E59 29 6 10,0 Thermometer E60 29 7 10.0 Wind Vane E61

x. 40(1 M

-0.2

0.0

-0.1 (%)

G01 Z: 0.4 t1 v :;:00 M

AVERAGING TIME: 0.S SECS T'lPE: GAS TRIAL: 004

4

TIME FROM RELEASE CSECS*10**-2)

0. 1

0.2

0 ·:. . ....,

0.5

0.4

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.9 c 0 N c E t~ T R A T I 0 N

1 . (1

::: F t·1 - . -· -::- . '- . \': 4(HJ t1 ~ .. • . '' .

-0.2

0.0

-0. 1 (%)

G02

AUERAGING TIME: 0.6 SECS TYPE: GAS

TIME FROM RELEASE <SECS*10**-2)

TRIAL: 004

0. 1

0.2

l'.."4 .... u . ...:-

0.4 0.5

0.8

0 -, . ,,

0.8

0 N c E N T R A T I

0 t~

0.9 c

1. 0

-0.2 -0. 1

(%) 0.0

G03

7 · E· .-. t·1 ~. -·. ·=· v. 300 t·l

AVERAGING TIME: 0.6 SECS TYPE: GAS TRIAL: 004

5 TIME FROM RELEASE CSECS*10**-2)

0. 1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5

0.8

0 -, .. ,, 0.8

0 N c E N T R A T I 0 N

0.9 c

1. 0

7: 1~~ n "1 ~ - . - . Y: 300 n

GAS TYPE:

-0.2 -0. 1

(%) 0.0

G04

·=-[, ....... c ·-· -· ._, 0.6 AUEF.:AG It·~G TI ME: TF.'. I AL: 004

4


0. 1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 c 0 N c E N T R A T I 0 N

1. 0

GOS

7. ~- ,:, "1 "- . v . --· • }-::: 400 M \ ·' . .-. C' ·-1 "1 I · . .:, ._it;;. I

c- E r ,:· ·-' -· ·-' (1. 8 AUEF.:AGIMG TIME: GAS T'r'PE:

1

TIME FROM RELEASE (SECS*l0**-2)

TR I AL: 0(14

a1111111111111111111111r1111111111111111111111111111,111,,,,,1,1111,1!''''l''''I'''~

._j

-0.2 -0. 1

0.0

0. 1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 ., . "

0.8

0.9

1. 0

(%)

E N T R A T I 0 N

c

0 N

c

I I

G06J Z : 10 . (1 ~1

AVERAGING TIME: 0.6 SECS TYPE: GAS

TIME FROM RELEASE (SECS*10**-2)

TRIAL: 004

-0.2

0.0

-0. 1 (' % ) . .

0. 1

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 -, . ~

€1. 8

0 H c E N T R A T

I 0 N

1. 0

0.9 c

z : 1 e . (1 t1 \': 350 t1 x: 400 t1

-0.2

0.0

-0. 1 (%)

0. 1

0 .., . ..:..

0 .- . . .:,

0.4

0.5

0.S

0.7

0.8

0 N c E N T R A T I

0 N

G07

AUERAGING TIME: 0.8 SECS TYPE: HGAS TRIAL: 004


1. 0

0.9 c

G10 1--. o "1 -~ • J-1 • Z: \': 4[10 t1

AUERAGING TIME: 0.6 SECS T'r'PE: GAS


TRIAL: 004

-0.2 -0. 1

0.0

t1. 1

0 ") . .._

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 -, . .,..

0.8

~3. 9

1. 0

(%)

T I 0 t~

A

0 M c E N

T R

c

G11

-0.2

Z: 10. 0 n Y: 400 t1

0.6

x. 400 M

0.0

-0. 1 (%)

C·[,...,,,:- ·-• -· ._t A I.) E R AG I ~~ G T I t1 E : GAS TYPE:


TRIAL: 004

0. 1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.8

0 .., ' ...

0.8

0 N c E N

T R A T I 0 N

0.9 c

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Z: ~3.4 ~1 Y: 5'-::10 n x : 5 0 [1 t1

-0.2 -0. 1

(%) 0.0

0. 1

0.3

0.2

0.4

G12

C[1""•:- ·-• -" ·-· 0. E; AUERAG I t~G TI nr . GAS TYPE:


TRIAL: 004

0.5

~3. 8

0.7

~3. 8

0 N c E t·~ T R A T I 0 N

0.9 c

1. 0

C' - - t1 ·-• ~.:HJ . ·:, L.' ~-1 ·-• • C• I Z: ~.· . I . 500 M

-0.2 -0. 1

(%)

G13

c- E r: ·=- ·-t -· ·-· Al.)ERAG I t·~G TI nr . GAS TYPE:

1 2 .-: 4

Tl M}'\-ROM RELEASE ( SECS* 10**-2)

TR I AL: 1]04

0. 1

0.0

0.2 0.3

0.4

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heavy gas dispersion trials...the nitrogen in the gas container. gas sensors sited • within the...

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