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Page 1 Hebrew Beginners The royal seal of Hezekiah, king of Judah, was discovered in the Ophel excavations under the direction of archaeologist Eilat Mazar. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Eilat Mazar; photo by Ouria Tadmor, from http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org

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Page 1: Hebrew Beginners - MALSmals.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Hebrew_Beginners.pdfPage 1 Hebrew Beginners The royal seal of Hezekiah, king of Judah, was discovered in the Ophel excavations

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Hebrew Beginners

The royal seal of Hezekiah, king of Judah, was discovered in the Ophel excavations under the

direction of archaeologist Eilat Mazar. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Eilat Mazar; photo by Ouria Tadmor, from

http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org

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The  Alphabet

Source from: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/alephbet.html#vowels

The  Vowels

Patah Hireq   Qamatz Qibbutz Segol ו Shureq Seré ו Holem

Sheva

Learn the alphabet and practise writing the letters.

Complete exercise #1 and exercise #2

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The  Gutturals There are 4 gutturals in the Hebrew alphabet that do strange things to the vowel markings. As we translate, you will start to see these differences. For now, learn which letters are the gutturals, and practise pronouncing them.

ע¸ח¸ה¸א and sometimes ר

Stems  and  their  meanings:

Hebrew verbs can be used with several variations in meaning. The stem in which the verb is written affects the meaning of the verb. You will notice how this works as we work through the passage. See the table of the paradigms for the varying features of each stem. For the purposes of this course we will look at only four.

Qal

Niphal

Piel

Hiphil

Hithpael

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Forms  of  verbs  and  their  meanings

Perfect

Imperfect

Imperative

Infinitive

Participle

Cohortative/ Jussive

wyqtl

Complete exercise #3

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The  BEGAD  KEPHAT  letters There are six letters in the Hebrew alphabet that change their sound, depending on where they are positioned in the word or what is happening around it. More information on this will come, but for now here are the letters and the associated sounds:

Hard Soft

ב ב ג ג ד ד כ כ פ פ ת ת

The only distinction between those with soft sounds and those with hard sounds is a little dagesh (a dot in the middle of the consonant)

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Vocabulary

תתפל  שוב

הרא  אל

וםי דמעת

ה  יםא הנני

לישיש  דוד

כה אב

םע  בית

גידנ  יהוה

מעש  חזקיהו

אפ  ר  את

הל  ע  אמר

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II  Kings  20 (New  International  Version) 1 In those days Hezekiah became ill and was at the point of death. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz went to him and said, "This is what the LORD says: Put your house in order, because you are going to die; you will not recover." 2 Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD, 3 "Remember, O LORD, how I have walked before you faithfully and with wholehearted devotion and have done what is good in your eyes." And Hezekiah wept bitterly. 4 Before Isaiah had left the middle court, the word of the LORD came to him: 5 "Go back and tell Hezekiah, the leader of my people, 'This is what the LORD, the God of your father David, says: I have heard your prayer and seen your tears; I will heal you. On the third day from now you will go up to the temple of the LORD. 6 I will add fifteen years to your life. And I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city for my sake and for the sake of my servant David.' " 7 Then Isaiah said, "Prepare a poultice of figs." They did so and applied it to the boil, and he recovered. 8 Hezekiah had asked Isaiah, "What will be the sign that the LORD will heal me and that I will go up to the temple of the LORD on the third day from now?" 9 Isaiah answered, "This is the LORD's sign to you that the LORD will do what he has promised: Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or shall it go back ten steps?" 10 "It is a simple matter for the shadow to go forward ten steps," said Hezekiah. "Rather, have it go back ten steps." 11 Then the prophet Isaiah called upon the LORD, and the LORD made the shadow go back the ten steps it had gone down on the stairway of Ahaz. 12 At that time Merodach-Baladan son of Baladan king of Babylon sent Hezekiah letters and a gift, because he had heard of Hezekiah's illness. 13 Hezekiah received the messengers and showed them all that was in his storehouses—the silver, the gold, the spices and the fine oil—his armory and everything found among his treasures. There was nothing in his palace or in all his kingdom that Hezekiah did not show them. 14 Then Isaiah the prophet went to King Hezekiah and asked, "What did those men say, and where did they come from?" "From a distant land," Hezekiah replied. "They came from Babylon." 15 The prophet asked, "What did they see in your palace?" "They saw everything in my palace," Hezekiah said. "There is nothing among my treasures that I did not show them." 16 Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, "Hear the word of the LORD : 17 The time will surely come when everything in your palace, and all that your fathers have stored up until this day, will be carried off to Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD. 18 And some of your descendants, your own flesh and blood, that will be born to you, will be taken away, and they will become eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon." 19 "The word of the LORD you have spoken is good," Hezekiah replied. For he thought, "Will there not be peace and security in my lifetime?" 20 As for the other events of Hezekiah's reign, all his achievements and how he made the pool and the tunnel by which he brought water into the city, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah? 21 Hezekiah rested with his fathers. And Manasseh his son succeeded him as king.

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II  Kings  20 (English  Standard  Version) 1 In those days Hezekiah became sick and was at the point of death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came to him and said to him, "Thus says the LORD, 'Set your house in order, for you shall die; you shall not recover.'" 2Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD, saying, 3"Now, O LORD, please remember how I have walked before you in faithfulness and with a whole heart, and have done what is good in your sight." And Hezekiah wept bitterly. 4And before Isaiah had gone out of the middle court, the word of the LORD came to him: 5"Turn back, and say to Hezekiah the leader of my people, Thus says the LORD, the God of David your father: I have heard your prayer; I have seen your tears. Behold, I will heal you. On the third day you shall go up to the house of the LORD, 6and I will add fifteen years to your life. I will deliver you and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria, and I will defend this city for my own sake  and  for  my  servant  David’s  sake." 7And Isaiah said, "Bring a cake of figs. And let them take and lay it on the boil, that he may recover." 8And Hezekiah said to Isaiah, "What shall be the sign that the LORD will heal me, and that I shall go up to the house of the LORD on the third day?" 9And Isaiah said, "This shall be the sign to you from the LORD, that the LORD will do the thing that he has promised: shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?" 10And Hezekiah answered, "It is an easy thing for the shadow to lengthen ten steps. Rather let the shadow go back ten steps." 11And Isaiah the prophet called to the LORD, and he brought the shadow back ten steps, by which it had gone down on the steps of Ahaz.

12 At that time Merodach-baladan the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent envoys with letters and a present to Hezekiah, for he heard that Hezekiah had been sick. 13And Hezekiah welcomed them, and he showed them all his treasure house, the silver, the gold, the spices, the precious oil, his armoury, all that was found in his storehouses. There was nothing in his house or in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them. 14Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah, and said to him, "What did these men say? And from where did they come to you?" And Hezekiah said, "They have come from a far country, from Babylon." 15He said, "What have they seen in your house?" And Hezekiah answered, "They have seen all that is in my house; there is nothing in my storehouses that I did not show them."

16Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, "Hear the word of the LORD: 17 Behold, the days are coming, whenall that is in your house, and that which your fathers have stored up till this day, shall be carried to Babylon. Nothing shall be left, says the LORD. 18 And some of your own sons, who shall be born to you, shall be taken away, and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon." 19Then said Hezekiah to Isaiah, "The word of the LORD that you have spoken is good." For he thought, "Why not, if there will be peace and security in my days?"

20 The rest of the deeds of Hezekiah and all his might and how he made the pool and the conduit and brought water into the city, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? 21 And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and Manasseh his son reigned in his place.

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II  Kings  20 (New  King  James  Version) 1 In those days Hezekiah was sick and near death. And Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, went  to  him  and  said  to  him,  “Thus  says  the  LORD:  ‘Set  your  house  in  order,  for  you  shall  die,  and  not  live.’” 2  Then  he  turned  his  face  toward  the  wall,  and  prayed  to  the  LORD,  saying,  3  “Remember  now, O LORD, I pray, how I have walked before You in truth and with a loyal heart, and have done what  was  good  in  Your  sight.”  And  Hezekiah  wept  bitterly.   4 And it happened, before Isaiah had gone out into the middle court, that the word of the LORD came to him,  saying,  5  “Return  and  tell  Hezekiah  the  leader  of  My  people,  ‘Thus  says  the  LORD,  the  God  of  David  your  father:  “I  have  heard  your  prayer,  I  have  seen  your  tears;  surely  I  will  heal  you. On the third day you shall go up to the house of the LORD. 6 And I will add to your days fifteen years. I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend  this  city  for  My  own  sake,  and  for  the  sake  of  My  servant  David.”’”   7  Then  Isaiah  said,  “Take  a  lump  of  figs.”  So  they  took  and laid it on the boil, and he recovered. 8  And  Hezekiah  said  to  Isaiah,  “What  is  the  sign  that  the  LORD  will  heal  me,  and  that  I  shall  go  up  to  the  house  of  the  LORD  the  third  day?”   9  Then  Isaiah  said,  “This  is  the  sign  to  you  from  the  LORD,  that  the  LORD will do the thing which He  has  spoken:  shall  the  shadow  go  forward  ten  degrees  or  go  backward  ten  degrees?”   10  And  Hezekiah  answered,  “It  is  an  easy  thing  for  the  shadow  to  go  down  ten  degrees;  no,  but  let  the  shadow  go  backward  ten  degrees.”   11 So Isaiah the prophet cried out to the LORD, and He brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down on the sundial of Ahaz.

12 At that time Berodach-Baladan[a] the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah, for he heard that Hezekiah had been sick. 13 And Hezekiah was attentive to them, and showed them all the house of his treasures—the silver and gold, the spices and precious ointment, and all[b] his armoury—all that was found among his treasures. There was nothing in his house or in all his dominion that Hezekiah did not show them. 14  Then  Isaiah  the  prophet  went  to  King  Hezekiah,  and  said  to  him,  “What  did  these  men  say,  and  from  where  did  they  come  to  you?”   So  Hezekiah  said,  “They came  from  a  far  country,  from  Babylon.”   15  And  he  said,  “What  have  they  seen  in  your  house?”   So  Hezekiah  answered,  “They  have  seen  all  that  is  in  my  house;  there  is  nothing  among  my  treasures  that  I  have  not  shown  them.”   16 Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah,  “Hear  the  word  of  the  LORD:  17  ‘Behold,  the  days  are  coming  when all that is in your house, and what your fathers have accumulated until this day, shall be carried  to  Babylon;  nothing  shall  be  left,’  says  the  LORD.  18  ‘And  they  shall  take  away  some  of  your sons who will descend from you, whom you will beget; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace  of  the  king  of  Babylon.’”   19  So  Hezekiah  said  to  Isaiah,  “The  word  of  the  LORD  which  you  have  spoken  is  good!”  For  he  said,  “Will  there  not  be  peace  and  truth  at  least  in  my  days?”  

20 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah—all his might, and how he made a pool and a tunnel and brought water into the city—are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 21 So Hezekiah rested with his fathers. Then Manasseh his son reigned in his place.

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II  Kings  20  -­‐  Interlinear

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II  Kings  20  -­‐  Masoretic  Text

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Exercises Exercise #1 Transliterate the following words into English:

משה לבנון אף ישראל יד כנען

Write your name in Hebrew:___________________________________________________ Write the names of your family members in Hebrew:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Write the names of the people in this class in Hebrew:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise #2 Write a short letter to the person next to you in Hebrew (transliterate only). It must fill all lines given below. If you are stuck for ideas, you can write about yourself, your family, your pets, your hobbies. You may also like to ask the person next to you some questions to make the next exercise a little easier. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise #3 Write a short letter back to the person who wrote to you (transliterate only). It must fill all lines given below. (Be sure to answer their questions!) ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise #4 1. Translate the following into English: Vocabulary: i. הכסף והזהב

__________________________________________________________

ii. שרים  ועבדים

__________________________________________________________

iii.  הלילה  ובין  היום  ןיב

__________________________________________________________

Between - בין

Gold - זהב

Day - יום

Silver - כסף

Night - לילה

Servant/slave- עבד

Prince - שר

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2. Give the plural of the following words. Remember that feminine nouns end in ה and take the feminine plural suffix.

i. שיר _________________________

ii. תורה _________________________

iii. מלחמה _________________________

iv. יד (takes feminine suffix) ______________________________________ Exercise #5 1. Translate the following into English:

Vocabulary:

i. האיש  משה  גדול  מאד ____________________________ ____________________________

ii. העברים  בארץ ____________________________ ____________________________

iii. יהוה  עבר ______________________________________________

2. Give the stems for the following verbs:

i. שמע ____________________ ii. הראיתם ____________________ iii. נשא ____________________ iv. דבר ____________________

Exercise #6

Earth, land ארץ

Great גדול

Very מאד

Moses משה

Cross over, pass עברover, transgress

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1. Give the probable roots of the following verbs:

i. מבצר ___________________________

ii. משא ___________________________

iii. אזרח ___________________________ 2. Write the following in Hebrew, using your newly acquired knowledge and the

vocabulary list to help you.

Vocabulary:

House – בית night – לילה

Mountain – הר city – עיר

  אב – father על – upon

people – עם Judah – יהודה

i. The night

___________________________________________________________________________

ii. In the City

___________________________________________________________________________

iii. My father

___________________________________________________________________________

iv. From Judah

___________________________________________________________________________

v. In a house upon the mountain

___________________________________________________________________________

vi. The people in the city

___________________________________________________________________________

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Practise  Writing

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 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Page 18: Hebrew Beginners - MALSmals.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Hebrew_Beginners.pdfPage 1 Hebrew Beginners The royal seal of Hezekiah, king of Judah, was discovered in the Ophel excavations

Page 18

א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ פ ף ץ צ ק ר ש ש ת ת ו ו